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molecular analysis of multiresistant porcine salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar bredeney isolates from southern brazil: identification of resistance genes, integrons and a group ii intron.the relationships of 83 porcine salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar bredeney isolates obtained at two slaughterhouses in southern brazil were analysed by xbai and blni macrorestriction analysis, plasmid profiling and determination of antimicrobial resistance patterns. twenty-nine xbai and 30 blni macrorestriction patterns were identified. the 72 plasmid-bearing isolates exhibited 20 different plasmid profiles. multiresistance was detected in 49 isolates (59%), of which 39 isolates showed ...200818571903
multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis of listeria monocytogenes using multicolour capillary electrophoresis and comparison with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing.the multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis (mlva) method for genotyping has proven to be a fast and reliable typing tool in several bacterial species. mlva is in our laboratory the routine typing method for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium and escherichia coli o157. the gram-positive bacteria listeria monocytogenes, while not isolated as frequent as s. typhimurium and e. coli, causes severe illness with an overall mortality rate of 30%. thus, it is importan ...200818096258
characterization of multiple-antimicrobial-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated from indigenous vegetables and poultry in malaysia.the aims of this communication were to study characterization of serogroups among salmonella isolates and the relationship of antimicrobial resistance to serogroups. multiple antimicrobial resistance (mar) was performed on 189 salmonella enterica isolates associated with 38 different serovars that were recovered from poultry and four types of indigenous vegetables.200818179445
investigation of an outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar hadar food illness in the abruzzi region of italy.a comparative study was made of 22 strains of salmonella hadar isolated from victims of an outbreak of food illness in the abruzzi region of italy in 2000 and 21 strains of the same serotype isolated from poultry meat and human stool samples in the abruzzi and molise regions between 2000 and 2001. the aim of the investigation was to provide an epidemiological interpretation of the food illness outbreak to establish the degree of similarity between the s. hadar strains isolated from victims of th ...200820405442
spi-7: salmonella's vi-encoding pathogenicity island.salmonella pathogenicity island-7 (spi-7) is a large, mosaic, genetic island, found in several serovars of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica associated with systemic disease. as well as encoding genes which may aid its own transmission, it carries genes for potential virulence factors such as vi antigen, sope effector and type ivb pili. the stability of spi-7 is of interest with respect to typhoid fever and related vaccines.200819741287
real-time optical detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus using lytic phage probes.staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus)-specific bacteriophage was used as a probe for detection of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) in aqueous solution using a novel optical method. biorecognition phage monolayers transferred to glass substrates using langmuir-blodgett (lb) technique were exposed individually to mrsa in solution at logarithmic concentrations ranging from 10(6) to 10(9)cfu/ml, and observed for real-time binding using a cytoviva optical light microscope system. results indicate t ...200818424125
toll-like receptor 5-deficient mice have dysregulated intestinal gene expression and nonspecific resistance to salmonella-induced typhoid-like disease.the recognition of flagellin by toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) is the dominant means by which model intestinal epithelia activate proinflammatory gene expression in response to salmonella enterica. the role of the flagellin-tlr5 interaction in vivo has been addressed primarily via studies that use flagellar mutants. such studies suggest that host recognition of flagellin promotes rapid neutrophil recruitment that protects the host from this pathogen. however, these works do not directly address the ...200818195036
the role of roof rats ( rattus rattus) in the spread of salmonella enteritidis and s. infantis contamination in layer farms in eastern japan.the prevalence of salmonella in four layer farms in eastern japan was investigated between 2004 and 2006 to determine the role of roof rats (rattus rattus) in the epizootology of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis). persistent s. enteritidis and s. infantis contamination of the environment and pooled egg samples were detected in three out of four layer farms. a total of 113 (13.3%) and 158 (18.6%) out of 851 rats examined were positive for s. enteritidis and ...200817988423
ultrafiltration-based techniques for rapid and simultaneous concentration of multiple microbe classes from 100-l tap water samples.this study focused on ultrafiltration as a technique for simultaneously concentrating and recovering viruses, bacteria and parasites in 100-l drinking water samples. a chemical dispersant, sodium polyphosphate, and tween 80 were used to increase microbial recovery efficiencies. secondary concentration was performed to reduce sample volumes to 3-5 ml for analysis using tissue culture, microscopy, and real-time pcr and rt-pcr. at seeding levels of 100-1000 (cfu, pfu, oocysts, or particles), a "hig ...200818395278
induction of the carrier state in pigeons infected with salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium pt99 by treatment with florfenicol: a matter of pharmacokinetics.paratyphoid caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium is the main bacterial disease in pigeons. the ability of salmonella serovar typhimurium to persist intracellularly inside pigeon macrophages results in the development of chronic carriers, which maintain the infection in the flock. in this study, the effect of drinking-water medication with florfenicol on salmonella infection in pigeons was examined. the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in pigeons revealed a relatively ...200818180355
multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis for outbreak studies of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis is known as an important and pathogenic clonal group which continues to cause worldwide sporadic cases and outbreaks in humans. here a new multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) method is reported for highly-discriminative subtyping of salmonella enteritidis. emphasis was given on the most predominant phage types pt4 and pt8. the method comprises multiplex pcr specifically amplifying repeated sequences from nine diffe ...200818513386
rapid classification and identification of salmonellae at the species and subspecies levels by whole-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry .variations in the mass spectral profiles of multiple housekeeping proteins of 126 strains representing salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (subspecies i), s. enterica subsp. salamae (subspecies ii), s. enterica subsp. arizonae (subspecies iiia), s. enterica subsp. diarizonae (subspecies iiib), s. enterica subsp. houtenae (subspecies iv), and s. enterica subsp. indica (subspecies vi), and salmonella bongori were analyzed to obtain a phylogenetic classification of salmonellae based on whole-cell m ...200818952875
cytokine gene expression in chicken cecal tonsils following treatment with probiotics and salmonella infection.probiotics are currently employed for control of pathogens and enhancement of immune response in chickens. in this study, we investigated the underlying immunological mechanisms of the action of probiotics against colonization of the chicken intestine by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella serovar typhimurium). birds received probiotics by oral gavage on day 1 of age and, subsequently, received salmonella serovar typhimurium on day 2 of age. cecal tonsils were rem ...200817681719
molecular fingerprinting of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica typhimurium and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica derby isolated from tropical seafood in south india.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica typhimurium and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica derby strains isolated from different seafood were genotyped by pcr-ribotyping and eric-pcr assays. this study has ascertained the genetic relatedness among serovars prevalent in tropical seafood. pcr-ribotyping exhibited genetic variation in both salmonella serovars, and ribotype profile (ii) was most predominant, which was observed in 10/18 of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica typhimurium and 7/17 salmone ...200818480975
subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline affect virulence gene expression in a multi-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium dt104.treatment of salmonellosis with antibiotics is controversial and may prolong carriage and shedding. therefore, this study sought to investigate if exposure to antimicrobials influences the expression of factors involved in virulence and host colonization. the effect of subinhibitory tetracycline treatment (16 microg/ml, 30 min) on a multi-drug resistant salmonella typhimurium dt104 strain was investigated using a targeted microarray. real-time reverse transcriptase pcr was used to confirm and fu ...200818656407
persistence of salmonella senftenberg in poultry production environments and investigation of its resistance to desiccation.most salmonella serovars, including salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar senftenberg (s. senftenberg), are tolerant to desiccation and able to colonize and persist in feed mills. in addition, they may survive cleaning and disinfection procedures used on poultry farms. the present study was conducted to investigate the survival of s. senftenberg in broiler parent stock farms and broiler farms. the isolates from one of the parent stock farms investigated only differed by a single band in fl ...200818622860
comparative analysis of protein profiles of wild virulent (e156) and aroa-htra double deletion mutant vaccine strain (s30) of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusequi under in vivo and in vitro growth conditions.in the present study, cell lysate and cell supernatant of the both strains i.e., virulent wild type (e156) and mutant (s30) vaccine strains of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar abortusequi (s. abortusequi), grown under varied in vivo and in vitro conditions were subjected to sds page and western blotting (using rabbit hyperimmune serum). variation in growth conditions did not have any significant effect on expression of different proteins. sds page of e156 and s30 cell lysate (cl) ...200818949890
development of liposome immunoassay for salmonella spp. using immunomagnetic separation and immunoliposome.the ability to detect salmonella spp. is essential in the prevention of foodborne illness. this study examined a salmonella spp. detection method involving the application of immunomagnetic separation and immunoliposomes (ims/il) encapsulating sulforhodamine b (srb), a fluorescent dye. a quantitative assay was conducted by measuring the fluorescence intensity of srb that was produced from an immunomagnetic bead-salmonella spp.-immunoliposome complex. the results indicated detection limits of 2.7 ...200818955821
environmental sampling to predict fecal prevalence of salmonella in an intensively monitored dairy herd.although dairy cattle are known reservoirs for salmonellae, cattle that are shedding this organism are often asymptomatic and difficult to identify. a dairy herd that was experiencing a sustained, subclinical outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica cerro was monitored for 2 years. fecal samples from the lactating cows were collected every 6 to 8 weeks and tested for the presence of salmonella. fecal prevalence of salmonella fluctuated throughout the observation period and ranged from 8 t ...200818939739
the mechanism of ciprofloxacin resistance in dihydrogen peroxide-induced mutants of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium consists mainly in mutations in gyra gene and less in mutations affecting ciprofloxacin uptake.the effect of h(2)o(2) on the induction of ciprofloxacin (cfl) resistant mutants of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium was evaluated and determinants of cfl resistance in the mutants were analyzed. factors associated with cfl resistance in h(2)o(2)-induced mutants included (i) mutations in gyra gene, predominantly (63 %) asp(87)-->asn and less (37 %) ser(83)-->phe substitutions, (ii) mutations in the regulatory genes of marrab or soxrs or in the individual structural genes o ...200818759123
evaluation of a modified single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (se-aflp) technique for subtyping salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis is not readily subtyped beyond the level of phage type (pt). pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is generally acknowledged to be the most discriminating typing method for salmonella, but only a restricted variety of pfge types has been described for s. enterica serotype enteritidis. in the present study, a modification of the se-aflp typing method was used to investigate both outbreak and apparently sporadic isolates of s. enterica ser ...200717224257
multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium: comparison of isolates from pigs, poultry and cases of human gastroenteritis.pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and variable number tandem repeat (vntr) profiles of 195 epidemiologically unrelated salmonella typhimurium strains isolated in 1997-2004 from pigs were analysed and the results compared to establish the discriminatory ability of each method. in order to investigate the epidemiology of s. typhimurium from different populations, the vntr profiles from pigs were compared with those obtained from 190 s. typhimurium strains isolated from poultry and 186 strain ...200717714389
oral sodium chlorate, topical disinfection, and younger weaning age reduce salmonella enterica shedding in pigs.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica can cause swine illness or human foodborne disease. although nontoxic to mammalian cells, chlorate can be converted to cytotoxic chlorite by salmonellae. to test whether chlorate is effective at reducing salmonella shedding in weaned pigs exposed to shedding dams, a chlorate-nitrate-lactate (chlorate) oral dose was administered daily for 5 days following weaning, and this treatment was evaluated in combination with two weaning ages and a topical disinfectant. ...200717803134
evaluation of stocking density and subtherapeutic chlortetracycline on salmonella enterica subsp. enterica shedding in growing swine.the objective of this research was to determine the effect of stocking density and inclusion of subtherapeutic chlortetracycline in the diet on salmonella fecal prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in growing swine. a 2 x 2 factorial design was employed on a privately owned commercial swine farm. four finisher rooms were included in the study. two of the rooms received 50 g/tonnes of chlortetracycline in the ration, two rooms received no antimicrobials in the feed. in each room, alternate pen ...200717482387
antibody-quantum dot conjugates exhibit enhanced antibacterial effect vs. unconjugated quantum dots.the effect of a 20-min exposure to antibody-quantum dot (ab-qd) conjugates on colony counts of escherichia coli was assessed by the spread-plate method and compared with exposure to unconjugated qds having only amine or carboxyl groups on their surfaces. under these conditions, ab-qd conjugates generally exhibited >90% reduction in colony-forming units as compared to untreated e. coli and e. coli treated with unconjugated qds after incubation for as long as 41 h. the antibacterial effect of ab-q ...200717571792
genotypes, serotypes, and antibiotic resistance profiles of salmonella isolated from commercial north carolina turkey farms.this study was designed to determine the serotypes, genotypes, and antibiotic resistance (abr) patterns of 42 salmonella isolates recovered from either fecal or litter samples of 12 commercial turkey farms across two seasons (summer and winter) and two ages (3 and 19 weeks). isolates were serotyped on the basis of the kauffmann-white scheme. genotyping was done by restriction digestion of cdna (xbai) and subsequent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the abr was determined with sensititre s ...200717612059
isolation of salmonella enterica serotype newport from a partly ruptured splenic abscess in a traveler returning from zanzibar.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype newport is a pathogen of growing importance because of its epidemic spread in dairy cattle and increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance. human infections, however, are rare. we report a case of a splenic abscess in a young traveler returning from east africa.200717634302
molecular characterisation of salmonella strains by an oligonucleotide multiprobe microarray.a dna microarray has been developed for the simultaneous characterisation and typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates. one-hundred and nine 35-40 mer oligonucleotides probes detect flagellar and somatic antigen encoding genes (serogroup or serotype specific), important virulence genes located within or outside the pathogenicity islands, phage-associated genes and antibiotic resistance determinants. the probes were printed on glass slides and whole genomic cy5-labelled salmonella d ...200717029709
phenotypic and genetic characterization of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium isolated from pigs in rio grande do sul, brazil.this study aimed to investigate the relatedness of porcine salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (s.) serovar typhimurium strains isolated in southern brazil. sixty-six isolates from pigs belonging to three commercial companies were submitted to phage typing, xbai-macrorestriction (pfge), is200 hybridization, rep-pcr, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and pcr assay targeting the spvr region. all strains presented a unique rep-pcr pattern and 63 strains had a common is200 profile. one pulse-typ ...200717336354
longitudinal study of a clonal, subclinical outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar cerro in a u.s. dairy herd.salmonellae are a major group of foodborne pathogens known to affect both humans and animals. dairy cattle are a known reservoir of these bacteria and human salmonella infections have been associated with the consumption of improperly processed or contaminated dairy products. many of the over 2500 known serotypes of salmonella are known to infect cattle, resulting in asymptomatic to fatal salmonellosis. this study describes the course of a salmonella outbreak and subsequent endemic infection on ...200718041954
invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis in immunocompetent infants and children.to investigate the extraintestinal manifestations of non-typhoidal salmonellae (nts) infection in immunocompetent infants and children.200716564718
optimizing typhoid fever case definitions by combining serological tests in a large population study in hechi city, china.blood culture-based diagnosis can only detect a fraction of the total burden of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi. the objective of the study was to detect additional typhoid fever cases through serological tests. a total of 1732 prolonged fever episodes were evaluated using three serological tests, widal, tubex and typhidot-m in a typhoid fever endemic area of southern china. a case definition which included a positive widal test (to>or=80 & th>a), a positive tubex test (>or=4) ...200717217551
weakening of salmonella with selected microbial metabolites of berry-derived phenolic compounds and organic acids.gram-negative bacteria are important food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. their unique outer membrane (om) provides them with a hydrophilic surface structure, which makes them inherently resistant to many antimicrobial agents, thus hindering their control. however, with permeabilizers, compounds that disintegrate and weaken the om, gram-negative cells can be sensitized to several external agents. although antimicrobial activity of plant-derived phenolic compounds has been widely reported, thei ...200717439151
mlst-v, multilocus sequence typing based on virulence genes, for molecular typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is one of the main causative agents of food-borne disease in man, and can also be the cause of serious systemic illness. organisms belonging to this genus have traditionally been classified on the basis of the antigenic properties of the cell-surface lipopolysaccharide and of the phase 1 and phase 2 flagellar proteins. primary isolation, biochemical identification, and serotyping are laborious and time consuming. molecular identification based on suitable mark ...200717208323
effects of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis vaccination in layer hens subjected to s. enteritidis challenge and various feed withdrawal regimens.levels of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis infection and serum s. enteritidis antibodies after experimental s. enteritidis challenge and feed withdrawal were investigated in s. enteritidis-vaccinated and unvaccinated hens. the results were used to determine whether formalin-inactivated s. enteritidis vaccination can protect layer hens from s. enteritidis challenge during feed withdrawal periods. s. enteritidis infection rates were evaluated from cloacal swabs, eggs and org ...200717624693
complete nucleotide sequence of a small qnrs1-carrying plasmid from salmonella enterica subsp. enterica typhimurium dt193. 200717652106
experimental infection of salmonella enteritidis by the poultry red mite, dermanyssus gallinae.dermanyssus gallinae is an important ectoparasite of laying hens in europe and it is suspected of being a vector of pathogens. we carried out an in vitro study to evaluate the role of d. gallinae as a vector of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis. two means of infecting the mite were tested: through the blood meal and after cuticular contact. mites became carriers of salmonella immediately after the infection with 29% and 53%, respectively, for oral route and cuticular conta ...200717382475
cloth-based hybridization array system for the identification of antibiotic resistance genes in salmonella.a simple macroarray system based on the use of polyester cloth as the solid phase for dna hybridization has been developed for the identification and characterization of bacteria on the basis of the presence of various virulence and toxin genes. in this approach, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) incorporating digoxigenin-dutp is used to simultaneously amplify different marker genes, with subsequent rapid detection of the amplicons by hybridization with an array of probes immobilized o ...200718363231
phenolic acids from plant foods can increase or decrease the mutation frequency to antibiotic resistance.phenolic compounds are ubiquitous in plant foods, and they have been reported to have multiple biological effects. this study investigates the ability of derivatives of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids to influence the development of ciprofloxacin resistance in the antibiotic-sensitive strain salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium. we have found that cinnamic acid and its hydroxy derivatives increase the frequency of mutations leading to ciprofloxacin resistance in compa ...200717994694
variable number tandem repeat typing of bacteria.analysis of bacterial genomes revealed a high percentage of dna consisting of repeats, in which dna motifs existed in multiple copies. study of these dna motifs has resulted in the development of variable number tandem repeat (vntr) or multilocus variant-repeat analysis (mlva) assays, which have shown to be valuable bacterial typing methods, especially in relation to disease outbreaks. the vntr-based assay is based on direct pcr amplification of a specific locus, which is well defined. the range ...200718025706
simulation model estimates of test accuracy and predictive values for the danish salmonella surveillance program in dairy herds.the danish government and cattle industry instituted a salmonella surveillance program in october 2002 to help reduce salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype dublin (s. dublin) infections. all dairy herds are tested by measuring antibodies in bulk tank milk at 3-month intervals. the program is based on a well-established elisa, but the overall test program accuracy and misclassification was not previously investigated. we developed a model to simulate repeated bulk tank milk antibody measur ...200616979767
genomic diversity within phage types of salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serotypes enteritidis and typhimurium.the diversity among 1354 strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serotype enteritidis (n = 847) and typhimurium (n = 507) isolated in finland in 1991-2002 (n = 608) and in 2003 (n = 746) were studied. the former strains were studied retrospectively by phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) harmonized in the european salm-gene project. the latter strains were studied prospectively, and the results correlated to their antimicrobial susceptibility and association with trav ...200616602985
stabilization of a plasmid coding for a heterologous antigen in salmonella enterica serotype typhi vaccine strain cvd908-htra by using site-specific recombination.a gene cassette incorporating the crs-rsd site-specific recombination system from the salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin virulence plasmid improved the inheritance in s. enterica serotype typhi strain cvd908-htra of a multicopy plasmid expression vector. use of this recombination cassette may improve expression of heterologous antigens from multicopy plasmid expression vectors in attenuated bacterial vaccine strains.200616790817
analysis of porcine differential gene expression following challenge with salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis using suppression subtractive hybridization.swine-adapted salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar choleraesuis (s. choleraesuis) is the pathogen most frequently isolated from diseased pigs and may affect host gene expression in a species-specific manner. to characterize the porcine transcriptional response to s. choleraesuis infection, the mrna profiles from the mesenteric lymph nodes of three non-infected and three experimentally infected pigs at 24 h post-inoculation were analyzed by suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh). fort ...200616364571
enhanced contrast of bacteriophage plaques in salmonella with ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulfate (facst) and tetrazolium red (tzr).visualization of bacteriophage plaques may be enhanced by addition of ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulfate (facst) or 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (tetrazolium red, tzr) to the soft agar layer of a traditional bacteriophage plaque assay. background color from these reagents improved contrast between clear plaques and turbid host lawns in trypticase soy agar (tsa) plates. enhancement by facst is based on reaction with hydrogen sulfide gas (h2s) produced by some strains of bacteri ...200616182396
variable-number tandem repeats that are useful in genotyping isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars typhimurium and newport.the genome of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain lt2 was analyzed for direct repeats, and 54 sequences containing variable-number tandem repeat loci were identified. ten primer pairs that anneal upstream and downstream of each selected locus were designed and used to amplify pcr targets in isolates of s. enterica serovars typhimurium and newport. four of the 10 loci did not show polymorphism in the length of products. six loci were selected for analysis. isolates of s ...200616943354
multiplex pcr-based method for identification of common clinical serotypes of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica.a multiplex pcr method has been developed to differentiate between the most common clinical serotypes of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica encountered in washington state and the united states in general. six genetic loci from s. enterica serovar typhimurium and four from s. enterica serovar typhi were used to create an assay consisting of two five-plex pcrs. the assays gave reproducible results with 30 different serotypes that represent the most common clinical isolates of s. enterica subsp. ...200616943358
phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of porcine salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby isolates.sixty-two salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby isolates from slaughter pigs and meat products isolated in southern brazil were analyzed for their genomic relationships and for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. twenty-four s. derby isolates were indistinguishable by their subtracted restriction fingerprinting (srf) pattern, xbai- and blni-macrorestriction patterns, phage type, plasmid profile, and resistance pattern. in contrast to the blni-macrorestriction patterns, th ...200616971066
a strain of salmonella enterica serovar virchow isolated in turkey and carrying a ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase.a multiply resistant strain of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar virchow was isolated in november 2002 from a catheterized patient admitted to the ssk training hospital in ankara, turkey. this isolate showed an antimicrobial susceptibility pattern compatible with the presence of a ctx-m-type esbl, namely resistance to cefotaxime, aztreonam and cefepime, and intermediate susceptibility to ceftazidime. on checking for the presence of the bla(tem), bla(shv), and bla(ctx-m )resistance gene ...200617129843
molecular genotyping of salmonella enterica abortusovis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.genotyping of salmonella strains is an important tool to discriminate among isolates and to improve epidemiological studies when an outbreak occurs. no phagetyping scheme is available for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusovis (sao) and molecular methods previously used were not standardized and were time consuming. among the dna-based methods of genotyping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is currently in use to subtype salmonella isolates. in this study we evaluated the ...200616624505
rapid and simple detection of food poisoning bacteria by bead assay with a microfluidic chip-based system.a rapid bead assay for detecting pathogenic bacteria with a simple microfluidic chip-based system was developed. five oligonucleotide probes corresponding to the 16s rrna of the targeted bacteria were coupled covalently to fluorescent beads. four species of bacteria (escherichia coli, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis, yersinia enterocolitica, and bacillus cereus) were used as representative food-borne pathogenic bacteria. the rnas extracted from pure cultures of these micr ...200616678290
development of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting equine serum antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide of salmonella abortusequi.an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) was developed for the detection of equine serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharide of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusequi (lps), a causative organism of equine paratyphoid. the data presented demonstrates that horses immunized with s. abortusequi lps developed antibodies detectable by the ielisa. by comparison, the tube agglutination test (tat) did not detect antibody to s. abortusequi lps as consistently as the ielisa. the ...200616483621
inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium dt104, and listeria monocytogenes on inoculated alfalfa seeds with a fatty acid-based sanitizer.alfalfa seeds were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium dt104, or listeria monocytogenes by immersion to contain approximately 6 to 8 log cfu/g and then treated with a fatty acid-based sanitizer containing 250 ppm of peroxyacid, 1,000 ppm of caprylic and capric acids (emery 658), 1,000 ppm of lactic acid, and 500 ppm of glycerol monolaurate at a reference concentration of 1x. inoculated seeds were immersed at ...200616541689
differentiation of escherichia coli pathotypes by oligonucleotide spotted array.to accurately determine the pathotypes of escherichia coli strains, a comprehensive assessment of each strain that targets multiple genes is required. a new approach to the identification and characterization of e. coli pathotypes was developed by constructing gene-specific probes (70-mers) for not only the virulence genes associated with each e. coli pathotype but also the o157-, cft073-, and k-12-specific and common genes of each pathotype. analysis of oligonucleotide probes with reference and ...200616597882
comparison of antagonistic ability against enteropathogens by g+ and g- anaerobic dominant components of human fecal microbiota.to confirm if anaerobic g+-components are those responsible for the function of colonization resistance, obligate anaerobic g+- and g- -bacteria from normal dominant microbiota of human feces were isolated from three successive collections and then used in in vitro assays for antagonism against two enteropathogenic bacteria. the production of inhibitory diffusible compounds was determined on supplemented bhi agar and mrs agar media for g- - and g+-bacteria, respectively. salmonella enterica subs ...200616821725
herd-level risk factors for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in u.s. market pigs.midwest u.s. herds (n=63) were studied to identify risk factors for harboring salmonella enterica among slaughter-weight pigs. samples collected on farms (feces) and at slaughter (distal colonic content, cecal content and ileocolic lymph nodes) were cultured using conventional means. approximately 15 pigs were studied per herd, for a total of 3754 samples. the proportion of pigs positive in one or more samples was calculated for each herd. herd characteristics were described by a combination of ...200616828183
molecular analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona isolated from slaughter pigs.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (s.) serovar agona plays an important role in brazil as causative agent of salmonellosis in food-producing animals - in particular, pigs and poultry - as well as in humans. a total of 45 s. agona isolates collected from slaughter pigs at three different slaughterhouses in southern brazil was investigated in this study for their phenotypic and genotypic relatedness. for this, the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the phage types were determined. molecul ...200616289951
antimicrobial resistance types and genes in salmonella enterica infantis isolates from retail raw chicken meat and broiler chickens on farms.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype infantis isolates from retail raw chicken meat (n = 98) and broiler chickens on farms (n = 70) were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and antimicrobial resistance genes. a total of 15 antimicrobial resistance types, 14 in meat and 10 in broiler isolates, were identified, and 9 of the 15 types were indistinguishable between meat and broiler isolates. resistance to both oxytetracycline and dihydrostreptomycin accounted for 94.0% of the resistanc ...200616416922
direct immunofluorescence assay for rapid environmental detection of vibrio cholerae o1.an immunofluorescence assay for direct detection of v. cholerae o1 was developed using polyclonal antibodies raised against outer membrane proteins (omps) of v. cholerae o1. production of omps varied with growth media used; maximum production was found in tryptic soy broth. the detection system was specific because no cross-reactivity was observed with other bacteria including v. cholerae o139, e. coli, s. dysenteriae and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi. the technique was able ...200516475506
dissemination of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium var. copenhagen clonal types through a contract heifer-raising operation.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium var. copenhagen isolates from a heifer-raising operation and from 11 dairy herds that had their calves contracted to the heifer-raising operation were examined for their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. results of the study showed that the heifer-raising operation could serve as a clearinghouse for salmonella serovar typhimurium var. copenhagen and perhaps other salmonella serotypes.200516081980
effect of relative humidity on preharvest survival of bacterial and viral pathogens on the surface of cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell peppers.the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of humidity on the preharvest survival of microbial pathogens on cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell peppers. an additional goal was to evaluate clostridium perfringens as an indicator of fecal contamination on produce. the microorganisms used in this study included escherichia coli, e. coli o157:h7, shigella sonnei, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, clostridium perfringens, hepatitis a virus (hav), feline calicivirus (fcv), and coliphage prd1. t ...200516013370
salmonella profile in chickens determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and bacteriology from years 2000 to 2003 in turkey.from years 2000 to 2003, salmonella was investigated from a total of 1785 samples comprised of chicken intestinal samples, cloacal swabs, drag swabs, litter samples and chick dust samples collected from 191 poultry breeding flocks belonging to 15 different chicken breeding stock companies in the marmara region, turkey by a sybr green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (sgbrt-pcr), by a probe-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (psrt-pcr) and by standardized bacteriology as descri ...200516191689
long-term survival of pathogenic and sanitation indicator bacteria in experimental biowaste composts.for economic, agricultural, and environmental reasons, composting is frequently used for organic waste recycling. one approach to limiting the potential risk from bacterial food-borne illnesses is to ensure that soil amendments and organic fertilizers are disinfected. however, more knowledge concerning the microbiological safety of composted substrates other than sludge and manure is necessary. experimental in-vessel biowaste composts were used to study the survival of seeded listeria monocytoge ...200516204488
physical linkage of tn3 and part of tn1721 in a tetracycline and ampicillin resistance plasmid from salmonella typhimurium.the complete nucleotide sequence of the 12 656 bp plasmid pfptb1 from salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, which mediates resistance to tetracyclines and ampicillin, was determined. the plasmid was analysed for potential reading frames and structural features indicative of transposons and transposon relics.200515731203
acquisition of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar newport and escherichia coli in the turkey poult intestinal tract.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar newport resistant to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins (escs) and other antimicrobials causes septicemic salmonellosis in humans and animals and is increasingly isolated from humans, animals, foods, and environmental sources. mechanisms whereby serovar newport bacteria become resistant to escs and other classes of antimicrobials while inhabiting the intestinal tract are not well understood. the present study shows that 25.3% of serovar newport strai ...200515746317
class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona isolated from pig carcasses in brazil.two multiresistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona isolates from pig carcasses were investigated for antimicrobial resistance genes and their location with particular reference to the detection of class 1 integrons.200515761062
cloning and sequencing of a genomic island found in the brazilian purpuric fever clone of haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius.a genomic island was identified in the haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius brazilian purpuric fever (bpf) strain f3031. this island, which was also found in other bpf isolates, could not be detected in non-bpf biogroup aegyptius strains or in nontypeable or typeable h. influenzae strains, with the exception of a region present in the type b eagan strain. this 34,378-bp island is inserted, in reference to h. influenzae rd kw20, within a choline transport gene and contains a mosaic structure ...200515784532
comparison of fecal culture and danish mix-elisa for determination of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica prevalence in growing swine.in the usa, control of food-borne salmonellosis associated with meat consumption has been predominantly focused at slaughter and processing. it is expected that standards at slaughter and processing will become more stringent, creating pressure to reduce prevalence of salmonella-positive food animals through on-farm interventions. the aim of this study was to compare traditional fecal culture and the danish mix-elisa (dme) for determination of salmonella prevalence pre-harvest in swine. in trial ...200515795083
modulation of gut mucosal biofilms.non-digestible inulin-type fructans, such as oligofructose and high-molecular-weight inulin, have been shown to have the ability to alter the intestinal microbiota composition in such a way that members of the microbial community, generally considered as health-promoting, are stimulated. bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are the most frequently targeted organisms. less information exists on effects of inulin-type fructans on the composition, metabolism and health-related significance of bacteria a ...200515877893
dose determination for acute salmonella infection in pigs.pigs were exposed to various levels of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium by either intranasal inoculation or by subjecting them to a contaminated environment. more than 10(3) salmonellae were required to induce acute salmonella infection. these results indicate that intervention against acute salmonella infection in lairage may be more readily achieved than previously thought.200515870368
[salmonella infections in children: a retrospective study over a four-year period].epidemiological state of salmonella infections in languedoc-roussillon (france) and discussion of therapeutic indications.200515653050
risk factors associated with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica contamination of chicken carcases in senegal.this study was to identify the risk factors for salmonella spp. contamination of senegalese chicken carcases during slaughtering. one hundred and twenty traditional slaughterhouses were studied from january 2000 to december 2002 in and around dakar. a questionnaire was answered by the slaughterers, and samples of breast skin were taken to assess the salmonella status of chicken carcases. results showed that 43.3% of the batches were contaminated with salmonella, indicating salmonella hadar and s ...200515957441
vi antigen expression in salmonella enterica serovar typhi clinical isolates from pakistan.the accurate identification of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi variants that fail to express the capsular polysaccharide, vi, is an important and much discussed issue for medical microbiology. we have tested a multiplex pcr method which shows the presence or absence of the genetic locus required for vi expression. of 2,222 salmonella serovar typhi clinical isolates collected from patients' blood over a 4-year period in a region of pakistan where typhoid is endemic, 12 tested ne ...200515750077
insertional mutation of mara vitiates inducible multiple antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar choleraesuis.mara has been shown to mediate a multiple antimicrobial resistance (mar) phenotype following induction in some members of the enterobacteriaceae. when salmonella choleraesuis was exposed to inducing agents they displayed higher minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) to multiple antimicrobial agents and an increase in mara expression as determined by northern hybridization analysis. the objective of the present study was to determine if mutation of mara vitiated multiple antimicrobial resistance ...200516006078
identification of an aada2 gene cassette from salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby.during a study on salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby from slaughter-age pigs in brazil, two epidemiologically unrelated multi-resistant s. derby isolates were found to carry a class 1 integron with a single gene cassette. sequence analysis confirmed that this gene cassette harboured an aada2 gene. the aada2 gene codes for an aminoglycoside adenyltransferase, which mediates resistance to the aminoglycoside streptomycin and the aminocyclitol spectinomycin. although aada2 gene casset ...200516364021
risk factors associated with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica contamination of chicken carcases in senegal.the objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for salmonella spp. contamination of senegalese chicken carcases during slaughtering. one hundred and twenty traditional slaughterhouses were studied from january 2000 to december 2002 in and around dakar. a questionnaire was administered to the slaughterers and samples of breast skin were taken to assess the salmonella spp. status of chicken carcases. results showed that 43.3% of the chicken batches were contaminated with salmonella s ...200516050182
the effect of type-1 fimbrial immunization on gut pathophysiological response in rats infected with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium.the pathophysiological mechanism of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium) induced gastroenteritis is controlled by interplay of various cell signaling events. adherence of this organism through type-1 fimbriae is known to be a vital prerequisite for the establishment of infection. in the present investigation male albino wistar rats were immunized with purified type-1 fimbriae and challenged intragastrically with s. typhimurium. electrolyte transport an ...200516013447
extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in non-typhoidal salmonella spp. isolated in the uk are now a reality: why the late arrival?in february 2004, we reported the first recognition of the presence of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) in non-typhoidal salmonella spp. in the uk; the beta-lactamase was tem-52. six months later, an shv-derived esbl (shv-12) was detected in a salmonella strain isolated in york and 6 months after that we have just identified ctx-m-type beta-lactamases in scottish isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium and salmonella virchow (unpublished results). a very rec ...200516000403
repeated occurrence of diverse extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in minor serotypes of food-borne salmonella enterica subsp. enterica.screening of greek nontyphoid salmonellae from 2000 to 2002 yielded three extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing human isolates. salmonella enterica serotype brandenburg harbored a multiresistant shv-5 gene-carrying plasmid. s. enterica serotype blockley and s. enterica serotype hadar harbored a tem-52 gene-carrying plasmid. an s. enterica serotype virchow strain producing plasmid-mediated ctx-m-32 was isolated twice from poultry end products. all esbl plasmids were self-transferable ...200516000476
[the occurrence and characterisation of oxy-imino-beta-lactams resistant strains among salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated in poland].extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) are enzymes manifesting considerable hydrolyzing activity on a wide variety of beta-lactam antibiotics including oxyiminocephalosporins and aztreonam. in the study reported here we investigated the types of esbl produced by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from clinical samples in the microbiological laboratories of sanitary-epidemiological units in poland from 1999 to 2004. among 239 ampicillin-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. en ...200516134384
safety and efficacy of salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine in young laying chickens.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the agent of fowl typhoid, and the 9r vaccine is a commercially available, live vaccine for the prevention of fowl typhoid. the aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the 9r vaccine in young chickens. the mean weights of 5-week-old chickens vaccinated with one and 10 doses at 2 weeks old were 450.3+/-33.83 g and 446.8+/-35.68 g, respectively, which were statistically lower (p<0.05) than the mean weight ...200516147574
use of biochemical kinetic data to determine strain relatedness among salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates.classical biotyping characterizes strains by creating biotype profiles that consider only positive and negative results for a predefined set of biochemical tests. this method allows salmonella subspecies to be distinguished but does not allow serotypes and phage types to be distinguished. the objective of this study was to determine the relatedness of isolates belonging to distinct salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes by using a refined biotyping process that considers the kinetics at w ...200516272463
an austrian outbreak of salmonella enteritidis phage type 36 in 2004.in june 2004, an egg packing station was epidemiologically incriminated as possibly distributing the vehicle of the salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. typhimurium definitive type (dt) u291 outbreak which began in september 2003 and--as of june 2004 affected more than 100 persons all over austria and 8 german tourists. a total of 68 egg producing farms were screened for salmonella. whereas all samples tested negative for s. typhimurium dt u291, one batch of laying hens was identified as bei ...200516395989
[clostridium difficile toxin a and other enteropathogens in stool specimens of children hospitalized due to acute diarrhoea].a total of 74 fresh stool specimens obtained from children with acute diarrhoea (43) and without diarrhoea (31) were examined simultaneously for bacteria pathogens (culture methods) and for clostridium difficile toxin a (oxoid toxin a kits) and enteric viruses (only diarrhoeal samples) (slidex rota-adeno kits; biomçrieux). one (49%) or dual with c. difficile (23%) enteric pathogens associated with community-acquired diarrhoea (58% bacteria and 14% viruses) in 31 (72%) children were recognized. c ...200516433313
a foodborne outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar madelia at a silver anniversary reception.reported here is an outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar madelia infection that occurred among 44 persons attending a silver anniversary reception in hesse, germany. isolates of salmonella madelia are extremely unusual, and no outbreaks associated with this serotype have been reported previously. forty-two attendees were interviewed and information was obtained from each of them regarding demographic and clinical characteristics and food consumed at the reception. twenty-four ...200415558342
risk factors for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica infection in senegalese broiler-chicken flocks.our objective was to assess the association of managerial practices, general hygiene and salmonella infection in senegalese broiler flocks. seventy broilers farms were studied from january 2000 to december 2001 around dakar. a questionnaire was submitted to the farmers and samples of fresh broiler droppings were taken. a 28.6% of the flocks were infected by salmonella (mainly hadar and brancaster serovars). salmonella infection of the previous flock (or = 6.82) and of day-old chicks (or = 3.73), ...200415158567
multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium using pcr multiplexing and multicolor capillary electrophoresis.the multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis (mlva) method is currently being used as the primary typing tool for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) isolates in our laboratory. our published initial mlva was performed using a single fluorescent dye and the different patterns were assigned from gel images. here we present a new and significantly improved assay using multiple dye colors, enhanced pcr multiplexing and the introduction of two new l ...200415369852
phage types, ribotypes and tetracycline resistance genes of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strains isolated from different origins in italy.the tetracycline resistance (tet) gene patterns of 52 tetracycline resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (s.) serovar typhimurium isolates collected from animals, food of animal origin, and humans in italy, were investigated to evaluate whether the tet gene patterns could be used for strain differentiation in addition to phage typing and ribotyping. the detection of tet genes was performed by specific pcr assays. ribotyping was performed automatically using pvuii as restriction enzyme. t ...200415381268
molecular and epidemiologic analysis of a county-wide outbreak caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis traced to a bakery.an increase in the number of attendees due to acute gastroenteritis and fever was noted at one hospital emergency room in taiwan over a seven-day period from july to august, 2001. molecular and epidemiological surveys were performed to trace the possible source of infection.200415541186
acute infection of swine by various salmonella serovars.the objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of various serovars of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica to infect alimentary and nonalimentary tissues of swine within 3 h of inoculation. fourteen wild-type s. enterica serovars (4,12:imonophasic, 6,7 nonmotile, agona, brandenburg, bredeney, derby, heidelberg, infantis, muenchen, thompson, typhimurium, typhimurium variant copenhagen, untypeable, and worthington), two known virulent s. enterica serovars (choleraesuis strain sc-38 and typ ...200415270506
variable number of tandem repeats in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica for typing purposes.the genomic sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains ct18, ty2 (serovar typhi), and lt2 (serovar typhimurium) were analyzed for potential variable number tandem repeats (vntrs). a multiple-locus vntr analysis (mlva) of 99 strains of s. enterica supsp. enterica based on 10 vntrs distinguished 52 genotypes and placed them into four groups. all strains tested were independent human isolates from france and did not reflect isolates from outbreak episodes. of these 10 vntrs, 7 showed ...200415583305
isolated high-level ciprofloxacin resistance in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype paratyphi a. 200415272072
risk factors for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica shedding by market-age pigs in french farrow-to-finish herds.fattening-pigs carriers of salmonella enterica are believed to be a main source of carcass and pork contamination at the later steps of the meat process. we did a prospective study in 2000-2001 in 105 french farrow-to-finish pig farms. in each farm, a batch of contemporary fattening pigs housed in the same room was followed throughout the fattening period. salmonella shedding was assessed on environmental samples of faecal material (taken by means of pairs of gauze socks) analysed by classical b ...200415099720
"multiplex pcr" identification of the atypical and monophasic salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- in são paulo state, brazil: frequency and antibiotic resistance patterns.salmonella spp. are the etiologic agents of salmonellosis, a worldwide spread zoonoses causing foodborne outbreaks and clinical diseases. by serological identification, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- accounted for 8.8% of human and 1.6% of nonhuman salmonella strains isolated in são paulo state, during 1991-2000. a total of 28.6% of them amplified a fragment corresponding to h:1,2 (flagellar phase two) through pcr analysis and were further assigned as s. typhimurium. ...200415141285
phenotypic and genotypic changes in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium during passage in intestines of broiler chickens fed on diets that included ionophore anticoccidial supplements.the effect of continuous in-feed administration of anticoccidial agents on antimicrobial sensitivity and the level of bacterial shedding in poultry experimentally infected with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium definitive type 104 (dt104) were investigated. on day 0, 1,200 1-day-old salmonella-free broiler chicks were placed into 50 pens, and the pens were randomly allocated to one of five treatments: nonsupplemented (negative control; t1), monensin at 120 mg/kg of diet (t ...200415297474
assessment of virulence of pigeon isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium variant copenhagen for humans.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium variant copenhagen was isolated from 5 of 152 (3.3%) feral pigeons from the city of ghent (belgium) and from 26 pooled fecal samples from 114 pigeon lofts (22.8%). these isolates belonged to phage type (pt) 99. seven of the pigeon isolates were further compared in vitro to five human variant copenhagen isolates, 2 isolates of pt 208, 1 isolate each of pt 120 and u302, and a nontypeable isolate. no differences in invasiveness in human intestinal epithelial ...200415131161
use of antibiotic susceptibility patterns and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to compare historic and contemporary isolates of multi-drug-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar newport.recently, multi-drug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar newport reemerged as a public and animal health problem. the antibiotic resistance of 198 isolates and the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns (pfge) of 139 isolates were determined. serovar newport isolates collected between 1988 and 2001 were included in the study. one hundred seventy-eight isolates were collected from the san joaquin valley in california and came from dairy cattle clinical samples, huma ...200414711658
salmonella gallinarum gyra mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative organism of fowl typhoid, and an outbreak of fowl typhoid in korea was confirmed in 1992. the aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in fluoroquinolone susceptibility among s. gallinarum isolates from 1995 to 2001, and to analyse mutations of the gyra gene in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. among 258 s. gallinarum isolates tested by the disk diffusion method, isolates from 1995 (n=18) were ...200415276996
inhibition of foodborne bacteria by the lactoperoxidase system in a beef cube system.biopreservatives are being developed to inhibit the growth of foodborne pathogens and thus improve food safety. the lactoperoxidase system (lps) is a naturally occurring system that has potential for use as an antimicrobial agent in foods. growth of single strains of the pathogens staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, yersinia enterocolitica, pseudomonas aeruginosa and beef microflora were assessed on lps ...200414967562
anti-salmonella activity of (2e)-alkenals.this study investigated the effect of a series of naturally occurring aliphatic (2e)-alkenals against salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis atcc 35640 and evaluated their antibacterial action.200415012807
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