Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| fear responses of bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) to a model and a live red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | 1964 | 14233516 | |
| infectious diseases in wild animals in utah. vi. experimental infection of birds with rickettsia rickettsii. | lundgren, d. l. (university of utah, salt lake city), b. d. thorpe, and c. d. haskell. infectious diseases in wild animals in utah. vi. experimental infection of birds with rickettsia rickettsii. j. bacteriol. 91:963-966. 1966.-chickens, pigeons, pheasants, sparrow hawks, red-tailed hawks, ravens, magpies, and a marsh hawk were inoculated with rickettsia rickettsii, the etiological agent of rocky mountain spotted fever. the development and persistence of complement-fixing (cf) antibodies and ric ... | 1966 | 4956338 |
| paradoxical sleep in two species of avian predator (falconiformes). | periods of disconjugate. and conjugate eye movements occur during the sleep cycle in buteo jamaicensis arborealis and herpetotheres cachinnans chapmanni. electromyograms are essentially isoelectric throughout sleep. slow waves appear only in short bursts of low amplitude in contrast to the long trains of high-amplitude waves reported for chickens and pigeons. | 1970 | 4313581 |
| avian pox in an immature red-tailed hawk. | 1972 | 4332517 | |
| residue of organochlorine compounds and mercury in birds' eggs from the niagara peninsula, ontario. | eggs (307) were collected in 1971 from twenty species of birds with a variety of feeding habits from the niagara peninsula. this area of ontario is intensively developed for agriculture and heavy industry and has a large urban population. representative species were obtained from both the terrestrial and aquatic food chains. eggs were analyzed for organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and total mercury. eggs from carnivorous species at the top of the aquatic food chain had the ... | 1975 | 1155964 |
| a comparative study of deep avian foveas. | the foveas of nine avian species, initially selected for the presence of a deep fovea and representing a wide range of eye sizes and ecological habits, were studied with quantitative light microscope techniques. considerable variation was observed in the location and configuration of the avian foveas, although they appeared to be 'convexiclivate' in shape when compared with the fovea of the rhesus monkey. comparisons of foveal cell densities (receptor nuclei and ganglion cells) across species sh ... | 1975 | 811324 |
| the area of the nucleus isthmo-opticus in the american kestrel (falco sparverius) and the red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | 1975 | 1139294 | |
| unexpected reactions to the use of ct 1341 by red-tailed hawks. | 1975 | 1198883 | |
| a cephalic influence on gastric motility upon seeing food in domestic turkeys (melagris gallopavo), great-horned owls (bubo virginianus) and red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | strain gage transducers were permanently implanted on the muscular stomachs of 13 turkeys, 3 great-horned owls and 2 red-tailed hawks to monitor gastric motility before, during and after eating. following fasting, the sight of food resulted in significant increases in gastric contractile activity in all three species. gastric motility further increased when the birds were allowed to eat. in raptors, however, a brief interruption in gastric motility occurred immediately after eating. this is appa ... | 1976 | 1019075 |
| some infectious and parasitic diseases in oklahoma raptors. | blood films and sera samples from wild oklahoma raptors (strigiformes--36 birds, 3 species; falconiformes--50 birds, 7 species) were examined for hematozoa and tested for serologic antibody response to newcastle disease virus (ndv), encephalitis (eee and wee), ornithosis, and influenza. twenty-nine of 36 (80.5) strigiformes and 24 of 50 (48.0%) falconiformes showed the presence of one or more hematozoa. serologic testing revealed the serum of one adult male red-tailed hawk positive for antibody ... | 1977 | 410956 |
| normal fasting plasma glucose levels in some birds of prey. | blood samples taken from five great horned owls (bubo virginianus), eight red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis), four marsh hawks (circus cyaneus), two prairie falcons (falco mexicanus), five golden eagles (aquila chrysaetos), and five white leghorn chickens (gallus domesticus) that had been fasted for 24 h were used to determine plasma levels of glucose by the glucose oxidase method. the mean plasma glucose levels were: great horned owls 374.6 mg/100 ml, red-tailed hawks 346.5 mg/00 ml, marsh ha ... | 1978 | 739587 |
| effects of ketamine hydrochloride in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). ii--biochemical and hematologic. | 1978 | 28894 | |
| effects of ketamine hydrochloride in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). i--arterial blood gas and acid base. | 1978 | 26507 | |
| repair of a fractured humerus in a red-tailed hawk. | 1981 | 6914858 | |
| intraocular trauma in a red-tailed hawk. | 1982 | 7174471 | |
| tuberculosis in a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | 1982 | 7154222 | |
| variation in selected hematological parameters of captive red-tailed hawks. | diurnal and winter variations of four hematological parameters were examined in 10 red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). the mean values obtained were: 39.4% packed cell volume (pcv); 2.45 x 10(6) erythrocytes (rbc) per mm3 of blood; 5.73 mg of calcium and 1.44 mg of magnesium per 100 ml of plasma. only the pcv and rbc count showed significant diurnal variation. when the birds were sampled at a set time of day, from november through to february, no significant changes were detected in any of the ... | 1982 | 7201527 |
| toxicity of gentamicin in red-tailed hawks. | gentamicin sulfate at dosage levels of 10 and 20 mg/kg of body weight was administered twice daily iv to red-tailed hawks. clinical signs, water consumption, and changes in blood chemical values were monitored. tissues were examined grossly and ultrastructurally, using light and electron microscopy. clinical signs of weakness and apnea were attributed to gentamicin-induced neuromuscular blockade in the 20-mg/kg group. serum values of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, cholesterol, ino ... | 1983 | 6881667 |
| pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in birds of prey. | the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin, including half-life, apparent volume of distribution, total body clearance, and fraction of drug absorbed from im injection sites, were determined in 3 species of birds of prey (red-tailed hawks, great horned owls, and golden eagles). significant differences (p less than 0.05) between species were found for the half-life and total body clearance values for this broad-spectrum antibiotic. the values for apparent volume of distribution and fraction absorbed did ... | 1983 | 6881663 |
| the antibody responses to sheep red blood cells of the red-tailed hawk and great-horned owl. | 1984 | 6500143 | |
| use of whole blood lymphocyte stimulation test for immunocompetency studies in bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and great horned owls. | mitogen-induced whole blood lymphocyte stimulation tests for immunocompetency studies in bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus), red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis), and great horned owls (bubo virginianus) were developed. combinations of incubation times, blood dilutions, concentrations of [3h]thymidine and [125i]2-deoxyuridine, antibiotics, phytohemagglutinin-p, and concanavalin a were tested for their effects on the stimulation index (si). an antibiotic combination of gentamicin plus amphote ... | 1984 | 6524727 |
| pleuritis and peritonitis in a golden eagle. | a female golden eagle died despite intensive treatment after being struck by a vehicle. necropsy revealed poor body condition, with no fat stores. the proventriculus and ventriculus contained a pellet of fur and bone fragments, at the center of which was the leg of a red-tailed hawk. a talon on the leg had punctured the ventriculus, resulting in fatal pleuritis and peritonitis. | 1984 | 6749123 |
| oral capillariasis in a red-tailed hawk: treatment with fenbendazole. | 1985 | 4077635 | |
| dietary shifts of sympatric buteos during a prey decline. | diets of nesting red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) and ferruginous hawks (buteo regalis) were sampled before and after a decline in the hawks' principal prey species. diets of pairs that shared their foraging ranges with interspecifics were contrasted with those of pairs whose home ranges did not overlap with interspecifics. current theory predicts that diets should diverge during prey shortages and that overlap should be especially reduced in ranges shared with interspecifics. species compos ... | 1985 | 28310806 |
| comparative pharmacokinetics of antifungal drugs in domestic turkeys, red-tailed hawks, broad-winged hawks, and great-horned owls. | the present research was to test in vitro activity of thiabendazole, 5-fluorocytosine, and amphotericin b against 11 isolates of aspergillus fumigatus from avian species. additionally, the plasma concentrations of these drugs were determined in four avian species given a range of dosages by oral, intravenous, and intratracheal routes. thiabendazole inhibited most isolates in vitro at concentrations between 25 and 50 micrograms/ml; however, there were no detectable inhibitory concentrations in th ... | 1985 | 3907612 |
| hematozoa of raptors from southern new jersey and adjacent areas. | blood smears from 259 birds of 12 species, representing four families of raptors, from new jersey, pennsylvania, delaware, and virginia were examined for blood parasites. infected birds constituted 59.1% of the total. birds were infected with one or more of the following genera of protozoa: leucocytozoon (43.2%); haemoproteus (21.6%); plasmodium (1.2%); and trypanosoma (1.2%). blood culture of 142 raptors of 11 species for trypanosoma revealed a prevalence of 41.5%. plasmodium circumflexum is re ... | 1985 | 3981737 |
| avian pox in a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | 1985 | 2993682 | |
| a survey of free-living falconiform birds for salmonella. | of 105 migrating falconiform birds of 7 species examined for salmonella shedding in new jersey, 2 (1.9%) were positive for salmonella spp. both positive birds were immature red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). salmonella enteritidis and s newport were the serotypes isolated. neither serotype expressed multiple resistance when tested against a panel of 12 antimicrobial drugs. | 1986 | 3506002 |
| caryospora uptoni n. sp. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis borealis). | oocysts of caryospora uptoni n. sp. were described from the feces of red-tailed hawks, buteo jamaicensis borealis. sporulated oocysts were spherical or subspherical and measured 28.1 by 26.4 micron. the oocyst wall was composed of a yellowish outer layer and brownish inner layer and was about 1.5 micron thick. neither micropyle, polar granules, nor oocyst residuum were present. a single, spherical sporocyst 18.2 by 17.9 micron was present; a stieda body was absent. a spherical eccentrically loca ... | 1986 | 3806324 |
| breeding population fluctuations in some raptors. | we investigated differences in annual breeding population stability and its relationship to diversity in food habits for several species of raptors. chi-square tests showed no significant differences between observed and expected (based on logistic growth equation) breeding population sizes for peregrine falcons (falco peregrinus) during recovery from pesticide induced declines in 4 alaskan populations. this indicates that no major peregrine falcon population fluctuations occurred aside from the ... | 1987 | 28311134 |
| case histories of bald eagles and other raptors killed by organophosphorus insecticides topically applied to livestock. | since 1982 when secondary poisoning of a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) was documented following the recommended use of famphur applied topically to cattle, the patuxent wildlife research center has tested dead birds of prey for poisoning by famphur and other pour-on organophosphorus (op) insecticides. brain cholinesterase (che) activity was first determined, then if che was depressed greater than or equal to 50%, stomach and/or crop contents were evaluated for anti-che compounds. this repo ... | 1987 | 3586207 |
| isolation of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae from a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) with a concurrent pox virus infection. | erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from the spleen, liver, lung, heart, kidney, and skin of a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) which had a concurrent avian pox virus infection. the hawk had been housed on a farm with domestic turkeys, providing a possible source of the e. rhusiopathiae. | 1987 | 2824865 |
| frenkelia sp.-like infection in the small intestine of a red-tailed hawk. | developmental stages of a frenkelia sp.-like coccidium were observed in tissue sections of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of a naturally infected red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis borealis) that died and was examined at necropsy. developmental stages were located in the lamina propria of these tissues. thirty sporulated sporocysts measured 11.1 x 8.1 microns in tissue sections. four sporozoites were present in each sporulated sporocyst. the coccidial infection was not a contributing factor in ... | 1987 | 3119874 |
| ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in red-tailed hawks with antagonism by yohimbine. | five red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) were anesthetized at weekly intervals with intravenous ketamine hydrochloride (ket, 4.4 mg/kg) and xylazine hydrochloride (xyl, 2.2 mg/kg). twenty min after anesthesia, yohimbine hydrochloride (yoh, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.40 mg/kg) or a control was administered. all doses of yoh significantly reduced the head-up times (f = 20.84, df = 1,24, p less than 0.0001) and the standing times (f = 12.30, df = 1,24, p less than 0.0001), compared to the control grou ... | 1988 | 3373637 |
| caryospora uptoni and frenkelia sp.-like coccidial infections in red-tailed hawks (buteo borealis). | the feces from 16 red-tailed hawks (buteo borealis) were examined by fecal flotation for the presence of coccidial oocysts or sporocysts. oocysts of caryospora uptoni were found in five (31%), sporocysts of a frenkelia sp.-like coccidium were found in eight (50%), and mixed infections with both species of coccidia were found in three (19%) red-tailed hawks. neither oocysts nor sporocysts were found in six (38%) red-tailed hawks. sexual stages of c. uptoni were found in the duodenum and jejunum o ... | 1989 | 2503626 |
| sarcocystis sp. in mountain goats (oreamnos americanus) in washington: prevalence and search for the definitive host. | during october and november 1986, sarcocystis sp. was detected in 24 of 56 (43%) tongues from hunter-killed mountain goats (oreamnos americanus) in washington (usa). sarcocysts had an unusual sessile polyp-shaped branched wall. mean size of 154 sarcocysts was 71.3 x 37.8 microns (range, 20 to 248 x 10 to 120 microns), and the mean intensity was 2.3 (range, 1 to 28). in an attempt to identify the definitive host, infected tongues were fed to four coyotes (canis latrans), eight domestic dogs, four ... | 1989 | 2509738 |
| chlamydiosis in captive raptors. | chlamydia psittaci was isolated from four red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) that died suddenly and from seven birds that survived at a raptor rehabilitation center in california in 1983. one hundred captive raptors representing 14 species in five families were subsequently tested serologically and by direct cloacal culture. c. psittaci was isolated from seven clinically normal birds. forty-four percent of the raptors were considered positive using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), ... | 1990 | 2241695 |
| vaccinia recombinant virus expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein: safety and efficacy trials in canadian wildlife. | twenty-six meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus), ten woodchucks (marmota monax), thirteen grey squirrels (sciurus carolinensis), thirteen ring-billed gulls (larus delawarensis), six red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) and eight great horned owls (bubo virginianus) received vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (v-rg) by direct instillation into the oral cavity. each of ten coyotes (canis latrans) received the virus in two vaccine-laden baits. several voles and mo ... | 1990 | 2249183 |
| toxoplasma gondii infections in red-tailed hawks inoculated orally with tissue cysts. | the response to inoculation of toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts was examined in 3 red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). one hawk (hawk 1) was inoculated orally with 3.000 tissue cysts of the gt-1 isolate of t. gondii and 2 hawks (hawks 2 and 3) each were inoculated orally with 12,000 tissue cysts of a mixture of 8 isolates of t. gondii. none of the hawks developed clinical signs of toxoplasmosis. serum antibodies were measured with the modified direct agglutination test using formalin-fixed tachyz ... | 1991 | 2010868 |
| oxygen radical production by avian leukocytes. | oxygen radical production by heterophils of red-tailed hawks and chickens, and by neutrophils of calves, was evaluated in a chemiluminescence microassay. leukocytes were isolated by centrifugation of blood in capillary tubes and then challenged with opsonized zymosan in the presence of luminol. avian heterophils produced significantly fewer oxygen radicals than did bovine neutrophils. | 1991 | 1884301 |
| fine structure of the pecten oculi of the red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | the pecten oculi of the red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) has been examined by light and electron microscopy. in this species the pecten is very large and of the pleated type. it consists of 17-18 accordion folds which are joined apically by a heavily pigmented bridge of tissue which holds the pecten in a fan-like shape, widest at its base. it is situated over the optic nerve head and extends into the vitreous. within each fold are numerous capillaries, larger supply and drainage vessels and m ... | 1991 | 1796787 |
| distributions of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in the retinal layers of the red-tailed hawk and road runner. | the activities of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase were assayed in submicrogram samples from layers of red-tailed hawk and road runner retina. both enzyme activities were concentrated in and near the inner plexiform layer. within the inner plexiform layers of both species, activities of each enzyme were concentrated in two bands, one in each half of this layer. little choline acetyltransferase activity was found superficial to the middle third of the inner nuclear layer. the di ... | 1991 | 1706365 |
| orchard dormant sprays and exposure of red-tailed hawks to organophosphates. | 1991 | 1813086 | |
| effect of sublethal lead exposure on gastric motility of red-tailed hawks. | in order to determine the effects of low level lead exposure on gastric motility in raptors, strain gage transducers were surgically implanted on the serosal surface of the muscular stomach of three red-tailed hawks. the frequency and amplitude of gastric contractions during ingestion and early digestion were monitored for 1 week under control conditions and for 3 weeks while the birds were fed 0.82 or 1.64 mg lead (as lead acetate) per kg body weight each day. exposure to these doses did not ap ... | 1991 | 1898121 |
| effects of chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of lead acetate on heme synthesis and immune function in red-tailed hawks. | red-tailed hawks were exposed to sublethal levels of lead acetate for periods of 3 or 11 weeks. alterations in the heme biosynthetic pathway were demonstrated after the first week of exposure to 0.82 mg lead per kilogram body weight per day. activity of erythrocyte porphobilinogen synthase (aminolevulinic acid dehydratase) was depressed significantly and did not return to normal levels until 5 weeks after the termination of lead treatments. a rapid and relatively brief increase in erythrocyte fr ... | 1991 | 1898120 |
| retinal pigment epithelial fine structure in the red-tailed hawk (buto jamaicensis). | as part of a comparative morphological study, the fine structure of the retinal epithelium (rpe), choriocapillaris and bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) has been studied by electron microscopy in the red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). in this species the rpe consists of a single layer of low cuboidal cells which display numerous basal (scleral) infoldings and extensive apical (vitreal) processes which interdigitate with photoreceptor outer segments. these epithelial cells are joined lateral ... | 1992 | 1585991 |
| malignant melanomas in a penguin (eudyptes chrysolophus) and a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | 1992 | 1514222 | |
| the humeroscapular bone of the great horned owl (bubo virginianus) and other raptors. | a small, separate, bony density dorsal to the shoulder joint is radiographically visible in several species of large hawks and owls. gross dissection and histological examination show the bone to lie on the deep surface of the major deltoid muscle in intimate association with the dorsal coracohumeral ligament of the shoulder joint. the tendon of the supracoracoideus muscle passes immediately cranial to the humeroscapular bone. two ligaments distinct from the shoulder joint capsule attach the hum ... | 1992 | 1585989 |
| the red-tailed hawk, buteo jamaicensis, a native definitive host of frenkelia microti (apicomplexa) in north america. | oral inoculation of prairie voles, microtus ochrogaster, with coccidian sporocysts isolated from the feces of a red-tailed hawk, buteo jamaicensis, in kansas, usa, resulted in formation of frenkelia microti (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae) tissue cysts in the brains of the voles. five additional isolates of morphologically similar sporocysts collected from red-tailed hawks or other buteo spp. in kansas failed to result in detectable infections in rodents. these results are the first to verify that r ... | 1992 | 1548806 |
| chlamydiosis in a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) with signs of respiratory distress and diarrhea was captured in the manchac wildlife management area, louisiana (usa) and died the following day. at necropsy, the carcass was emaciated and there were splenomegaly, and fibrinous pericarditis, airsacculitis, and perihepatitis. microscopically, there were fibrinous pericarditis and airsacculitis, myocardial necrosis, necrotizing hepatitis, splenic necrosis with reticuloendothelial cell hyperplasia, interstitial ... | 1992 | 1602582 |
| prevalence of encysted toxoplasma gondii in raptors from alabama. | little is known about the prevalence of encysted toxoplasma gondii in wild birds. we examined the hearts and breast muscles from 101 raptors for encysted t. gondii. all of the raptors had been submitted for necropsy to the state veterinary diagnostic laboratory, auburn, alabama. tissues were digested in acid-pepsin solution and inoculated into groups of 3-5 laboratory mice. toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 27 of 101 (26.7%) raptors: 8 of 12 (66.7%) red-shouldered hawks (buteo lineatus), 13 of ... | 1993 | 8277379 |
| diabetes mellitus in a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | an adult, free-living female red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) with clinical signs of generalized weakness, polyuria, and polydipsia, was killed and necropsied. an ante mortem serum sample taken from the bird contained 54.3 mmole/1 glucose, and large amounts of glucose were found in the urine. at necropsy, the pancreas was small, pale pink with multiple, round, approximately 0.5 mm white foci. light and electron microscopic examination of the pancreas revealed markedly vacuolated islet cells. ... | 1993 | 18671046 |
| retinal photoreceptor fine structure in the red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | the retinal photoreceptors of the red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) consist of rods, single cones and double (unequal) cones present in a ratio of about 2:1:5. in the light-adapted state, the rods are slender elongated cells with outer segments that reach to the retinal epithelial (rpe) cells. the inner segment displays an ellipsoid of mitochondria, plentiful polysomes, some rough er and golgi zones. the rod nucleus is located deep within the outer nuclear layer and the synaptic spherule displ ... | 1993 | 8238950 |
| brachial plexus injury in two red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | two red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis), found near deltaville, virginia (usa), were evaluated because of inability to use a wing. results of needle electromyographic studies of the affected wing muscles in both hawks were compatible with denervation. on euthanasia, one hawk had extensive axon and myelin loss with multifocal perivascular lymphocytic inflammation of its brachial plexus and radial nerve. demyelination and axon loss in the dorsal white matter of the spinal cord on the affected sid ... | 1993 | 8383253 |
| survival of pigeon red blood cells after transfusion into selected raptors. | survival time of 51cr-labeled pigeon rbc transfused into 5 raptors was determined. mean +/- sd estimated rbc survival time was 0.51 +/- 0.19 days. this was considerably shorter than estimated survival time of autologous rbc in a red-tailed hawk (estimated survival, 35.1 days) and in a pigeon (estimated survival, 26.8 days). estimated survival time after homologous transfusion of rbc from one pigeon to another was 7.1 days. although single heterologous blood transfusions have been recommended as ... | 1994 | 8150703 |
| lead in hawks, falcons and owls downstream from a mining site on the coeur d'alene river, idaho. | mining and smelting at kellogg-smelterville, idaho, resulted in high concentrations of lead in coeur d'alene (cda) river sediments and the floodplain downstream, where american kestrels (falco sparverius), northern harriers (circus cyaneus), red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis), great horned owls (bubo virginianus), and western screech-owls (otus kennicotti) nested. nestling american kestrels contained significantly higher (p=0.0012) blood lead concentrations along the cda river (0.24 µg/g, wet ... | 1994 | 24221348 |
| apparent fatal snakebite in three hawks. | based on histories and gross and histologic findings, snakebite was diagnosed in three dead raptors submitted for post-mortem examination from northern florida and southern georgia (usa). two immature red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) were found next to dead and partially eaten venomous snakes. an adult cooper's hawk (accipiter cooperii) was found adjacent to a den containing a cotton-mouth (agkistrodon piscivorus) and an eastern diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus adamanteus). gross findings i ... | 1994 | 7760504 |
| tonometry of normal eyes in raptors. | an applanation tonometer was used to estimate intraocular pressure in normal eyes of several species of raptors. no bird had active injury or illness, though some were nonreleasable to the wild because of previous injury. mean (+/- sd) intraocular pressure was 20.6 (+/- 3.4) mm of hg in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis, n = 10), 20.8 (+/- 2.3) mm of hg in swainson's hawks (buteo swainsoni, n = 6), 21.5 (+/- 3.0) mm of hg in golden eagles (aquila chrysaetos, n = 7), 20.6 (+/- 2.0) mm of hg in ... | 1994 | 8017692 |
| intestinal intussusception in two red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | 1994 | 7941252 | |
| experimental oral inoculations in birds to evaluate potential definitive hosts of neospora caninum. | experimental oral inoculations to evaluate potential definitive hosts of neospora caninum were conducted by feeding infected rodent tissues to 9 carnivorous birds of 4 species. birds included 2 red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis), 2 turkey vultures (cathartes aura), 2 barn owls (tyto alba), and 3 american crows (corvus brachyrhynchus). the rodents (mice or rats) had been inoculated with 100,000 culture-derived tachyzoites of n. caninum 1-6 mo before feeding to the birds. fecal samples were coll ... | 1995 | 7472875 |
| winter poisoning of coyotes and raptors with furadan-laced carcass baits. | three bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus), a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis), and two coyotes (canis latrans) found in a field in north-central kansas (usa) in december 1992 were poisoned by flowable carbofuran (furadan 4f) placed on sheep (ovis aries) carcasses to kill coyotes. the carbofuran was placed on the carcasses in october 1992, but the coyotes and raptors apparently were killed in late december. thus, flowable furadan can cause direct and secondary deaths of wildlife under some ... | 1996 | 8722286 |
| poisoning of bald eagles and red-tailed hawks by carbofuran and fensulfothion in the fraser delta of british columbia, canada. | during the winter of 1990 in the fraser delta of british columbia, canada, nine birds of prey were found with symptoms of anticholinesterase poisoning. immediate surgical removal of crop contents of three birds decreased mortality and recovery time. chemical analysis was conducted on crop contents, which contained mainly duck parts. a bald eagle (haliaeetus leucocephalus) contained 200 micrograms/g and a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) 2.2 micrograms/g carbofuran, while the crop of another r ... | 1996 | 8827674 |
| a myelographic technique for avian species. | a post-mortem myelogram was used to diagnose a vertabral fracture in a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). this diagnosis led the authors to believe that myelography would be useful in live birds. in a pilot study using live adult female chickens (gallus domesticus), mammalian myelographic techniques were modified for avian anatomic differences. a thoracolumbar puncture site was used rather than the lumbar or cisternal site which is commonly used in mammals. the volume of contrast medium needed ... | 1997 | 9238789 |
| plasmodium forresteri n. sp., from raptors in florida and southern georgia: its distinction from plasmodium elongatum morphologically within and among host species and by vector susceptibility. | plasmodium forresteri n. sp. naturally infects eastern screech-owls (otus asio), great horned owls (bubo virginianus), barred owls (strix varia), bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus), red-shouldered hawks (buteo lineatus), broad-winged hawks (buteo platypterus), and red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) in florida and southern georgia. schizonts occur in mature or nearly mature erythrocytes, produce 2-6 merozoites arranged most commonly in fan or cruciform configuration, with mean dimensions am ... | 1997 | 9379302 |
| the pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular dose of amikacin in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | the pharmacokinetic parameters of amikacin were determined in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) following the i.m. administration of a single 20 mg/kg dose. after a rapid absorption phase, mean amikacin serum concentrations peaked at 65 +/- 12 micrograms/ml 30-45 min following injection. the serum amikacin concentrations decreased to 2.3 +/- 2 micrograms/ml at 12 hr postinjection. amikacin was eliminated with first-order kinetics characteristic of a single-compartment model with a half-life o ... | 1997 | 9226617 |
| age differences in the response of california ground squirrels (spermophilus beecheyi) to avian and mammalian predators. | the antipredator behavior of juvenile and adult california ground squirrels (spermophilus beecheyi) was videotaped in experiment 1 to measure the effects of age on assessment of a briefly presented live dog and a model red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) in simulated flight. adult squirrels treated the hawk as more dangerous than the dog, whereas juvenile squirrels showed less differentiation of the predator types. juvenile squirrels also perceived the dog as a more immediate danger than adult s ... | 1997 | 9170282 |
| further studies on allopurinol-induced hyperuricaemia and visceral gout in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). | to investigate the usefulness of allopurinol for the treatment of hyperuricemia in birds, experimental studies were performed using the physiologically occurring post-prandial hyperuricaemia in birds of prey as a model. pre-and post-prandial plasma concentrations of allopurinol, oxypurinol, xanthine, hypoxan-thine and uric acid were established by high performance liquid chromatography in red-tailed hawks (rth, buteo jamaicensis) at various time intervals after receiving allopurinol (50 mg/kg si ... | 1998 | 18484017 |
| vector ability of mosquitoes for isolates of plasmodium elongatum from raptors in florida. | three isolates of plasmodium elongatum were obtained from 3 species of raptors (red-tailed hawk [buteo jamaicensis], bald eagle [haliaeetus leucocephalus], and eastern screech owl [otus asio]) from florida using isodiagnostic techniques in pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos). six to 10 species of mosquitoes were tested for susceptibility to these 3 isolates. complete development of the sporogonic cycle of the 3 isolates of p. elongatum occurred in 3 species of mosquitoes, culex nigripalpus, culex r ... | 1998 | 9645854 |
| a retrospective study of morbidity and mortality of raptors in florida: 1988-1994. | a retrospective study was conducted on 390 raptors admitted to the university of florida veterinary medical teaching hospital (vmth) during 1988-1994. representatives of 20 species were admitted; the five most common species were the barred owl (strix varia, 72), eastern sreech owl (otus asio, 63), red-shouldered hawk (buteo lineatus, 49), bald eagle (haleaeetus leucocephalus, 43), and red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis, 38). a primary clinical diagnosis was determined in 340 (87%) of the 390 ra ... | 1998 | 9732030 |
| prevalence of encysted apicomplexans in muscles of raptors. | an acid-pepsin digestion technique was used to examine portions of breast muscle and heart from raptors for encysted protozoans. apicomplexan zoites were present in 52 (45.6%) of the 114 samples examined: 11 of 12 (91.7%) red-shouldered hawks (buteo lineatus), 20 of 34 (58.8%) red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis), two of seven (28.6%) cooper's hawks (accipiter cooperi), three of four (75%) sharp-shinned hawks (accipiter striatus), one (100%) mississippi kites (ictinia misisippiensis), one of two ... | 1999 | 9950339 |
| virulence of raptor-origin pasteurella multocida in domestic chickens. | pasteurella multocida belonging to somatic serotype 1 and capsular type a has been known to cause avian cholera in domestic poultry. pasteurella multocida serotype 1 has also been isolated from raptorial birds. however, the capsular type for these raptorial isolates remains unknown. moreover, the virulence of these raptorial isolates for domestic poultry has not been determined. the objectives of this study were to determine the capsular type of raptorial p. multocida serotype 1 isolates and to ... | 1999 | 10396641 |
| poisoning of wildlife with anticoagulant rodenticides in new york. | from 1971 through 1997, we documented 51 cases (55 individual animals) of poisoning of non-target wildlife in new york (plus two cases in adjoining states) (usa) with anticoagulant rodenticides--all but two of these cases occurred in the last 8 yrs. brodifacoum was implicated in 80% of the incidents. diphacinone was identified in four cases, bromadiolone in three cases (once in combination with brodifacoum), and chlorophacinone and coumatetralyl were detected once each in the company of brodifac ... | 1999 | 10231745 |
| synovial chondromatosis in raptors. | fourteen raptors, consisting of 13 great horned owls (bubo virginianus) and one red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis), from central and north central minnesota, western wisconsin, and eastern south dakota (usa) were admitted to a raptor rehabilitation center between june 1992 and june 1995, with perisynovial and synovial chondromatosis affecting multiple joints. birds were severely debilitated primarily due to loss of shoulder motion. the etiology of these lesions in raptors is unknown. | 1999 | 10073365 |
| pansteatitis in a free-ranging red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis). | a free-ranging juvenile female red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) that was unable to fly was admitted to a rehabilitation center and died 1 day later. hematology and serum chemistry abnormalities included moderate regenerative anemia, elevated creatine kinase, and hyperphosphatemia. necropsy revealed a generalized steatitis, and histology showed a necrotizing and granulomatous pansteatitis with intralesional pigment compatible with ceroid. there was also moderate diffuse myodegeneration, mild m ... | 1999 | 10749450 |
| pcb poisoning in a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) near a site of terrestrial contamination in new york state. | 2000 | 10606697 | |
| gliding flight: drag and torque of a hawk and a falcon with straight and turned heads, and a lower value for the parasite drag coefficient. | raptors - falcons, hawks and eagles in this study - such as peregrine falcons (falco peregrinus) that attack distant prey from high-speed dives face a paradox. anatomical and behavioral measurements show that raptors of many species must turn their heads approximately 40 degrees to one side to see the prey straight ahead with maximum visual acuity, yet turning the head would presumably slow their diving speed by increasing aerodynamic drag. this paper investigates the aerodynamic drag part of th ... | 2000 | 11076737 |
| recovery and identification of west nile virus from a hawk in winter. | west nile virus was recovered from the brain of a red-tailed hawk that died in westchester county, n.y., in february 2000. multiple foci of glial cells, lymphocytes, and a few pyknotic nuclei were observed in the brain. three to 4 days after inoculation of vero cells with brain homogenates, cytopathic changes were detected. the presence of west nile virus antigen in fixed cells or cell lysates was revealed by fluorescent antibody testing or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. furthe ... | 2000 | 10921991 |
| protein electrophoresis as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in raptor medicine. | plasma proteins of 139 healthy adult birds of prey from 10 species were separated by electrophoresis to characterize and document normal reference ranges and species-specific electrophoretic patternsand to evaluate the value of this technique for health screening, disease diagnosis, and prognostic indication. species studied included bald eagle (haliaeetus leucocephalus), red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis), barn owl (tyto alba), great horned owl (bubo virginianus), turkey vulture (cathartes aur ... | 2000 | 11428396 |
| pharmacokinetics of piperacillan after intramuscular injection in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) and great horned owls (bubo virginianus). | this study characterized and compared the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin after single 100 mg/kg i.m. injections in nine red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) and five great horned owls (bubo virginianus) over 48 hr by a modified agar well diffusion microbial inhibition assay. the mean maximum plasma piperacillin concentrations were 204 microg/ml and 221 microg/ml for the hawks and owls, respectively, and times of maximum concentrations were 15 min and 30 min, respectively. the calculated mean t ... | 2000 | 10884123 |
| investigations into the uricolytic properties of urate oxidase in a granivorous (columba livia domestica) and in a carnivorous (buteo jamaicensis) avian species. | to study the uricolytic properties of urate oxidase in granivorous and carnivorous birds, experiments were conducted in pigeons (columba livia domestica) and red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). plasma concentrations of allantoin and uric acid were determined at various times in experimental groups before and after receiving 100, 200, and 600 u/kg urate oxidase once daily and were compared with controls. all regimens caused a significant decrease in plasma uric acid concentrations within 2 days ... | 2002 | 12593740 |
| further studies on the use of allopurinol to reduce plasma uric acid concentrations in the red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) hyperuricaemic model. | the present paper reports the effects of allopurinol in a raptor hyperuricaemic model. the study was performed as a follow-up to previous experiments wherein allopurinol was used in doses of 100 and 50 mg/kg, and was proved to be toxic at these higher dose rates. to investigate whether 25 mg/kg (semel in die) s.i.d. allopurinol is a safe and effective dose in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) to reduce plasma uric acid concentrations, experimental studies were performed using the physiologica ... | 2002 | 12593739 |
| lead poisoning in upland-foraging birds of prey in canada. | we examined the degree of lead exposure, based on tissue-lead concentrations, in 184 raptors of 16 species found dead across canada. the most prevalent species available for examination were red-tailed hawks, great horned owls, and golden eagles (n = 131). the majority of individuals examined had very low lead accumulation, however 3-4% of total mortality in these 3 most commonly encountered species was attributed to lead poisoning. in addition, 1 of 9 bald eagles found dead far from aquatic env ... | 2003 | 12739854 |
| absence of humoral response in flamingos and red-tailed hawks to experimental vaccination with a killed west nile virus vaccine. | sixteen chilean flamingos, phoenicopterus chiles, and 10 red-tailed hawks, buteo jamacensis, were vaccinated in the pectoral muscle with 0.2 ml of a commercially produced killed west nile virus vaccine intended for use in horses. half the birds of each species received a booster vaccination 3 weeks after the first injection. three weeks after the booster vaccination, none of 13 birds surveyed had detectable antibody to west nile virus. | 2003 | 14562907 |
| fatal pox infection in a rough-legged hawk. | natural pox infection occurred in a free-living rough-legged hawk (buteo lagopus) in northeastern north dakota. gross, histological and electron microscopic findings were typical of pox infection, and characteristic lesions developed in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) but not in great horned owls (bubo virginianus) following inoculation with case material. death of the rough-legged hawk was attributed to starvation rsulting from inability to capture prey and to blood loss from foot lesions. | 2003 | 167207 |
| pharmacokinetics and anesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of propofol in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) and great horned owls (bubo virginianus). | to determine induction doses, anesthetic constant rate infusions (cri), and cardiopulmonary effects of propofol in red-tailed hawks and great horned owls and propofol pharmacokinetics in the owls during cri. | 2003 | 12828251 |
| experimental vacuolar myelinopathy in red-tailed hawks. | avian vacuolar myelinopathy (avm) was recognized in 1994 as a cause of wild bird mortality when 29 bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus) succumbed to the disease at degray lake, arkansas (usa). the cause of avm and its source remain undetermined despite extensive diagnostic and research investigations. two years later, when avm killed 26 eagles in the same area in arkansas, it became apparent that american coots (fulica americana) had identical neurologic signs and lesions, and it was hypothesi ... | 2003 | 12910768 |
| attempts to reproduce vacuolar myelinopathy in domestic swine and chickens. | avian vacuolar myelinopathy (avm) was first recognized as a cause of bald eagle (haliaeetus leucocephalus) mortality in 1994 in arkansas (usa) and has since caused over 90 bald eagle and numerous american coot (fulica americana) mortalities in five southeastern states. the cause of avm remains undetermined but is suspected to be a biotoxin. naturally occurring avm has been limited to wild waterbirds, raptors, and one species of shorebird, and has been reproduced experimentally in red-tailed hawk ... | 2004 | 15465715 |
| pathologic findings in red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) and cooper's hawks (accipiter cooper) naturally infected with west nile virus. | carcasses of 13 red-tailed hawks (rthas) and 11 cooper's hawks (cohas) were tested for west nile virus (wnv) using wnv-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) on fresh brain tissue and wnv-specific immunohistochemistry (ihc) on various organs. ten cohas (91%) and 11 rthas (85%) were positive for wnv rna by rt-pcr. all 11 cohas (100%) and 10 rthas (77%) were positive for wnv antigen by ihc. a triad of inflammatory lesions, including chronic lymphoplasmacytic and histiocy ... | 2004 | 15529979 |
| phylogenetic analysis of avian poxviruses among free-ranging birds of virginia. | polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify a portion of the avian poxvirus core 4b gene of infected free-ranging birds that presented at the wildlife center of virginia during the 2003 and early 2004 years. the species of bird infected were a great blue heron (ardea herodias), two american crows (corvus brachyrhyncos), two american robins (turdus migratorius), two mourning doves (zenaida macroura), a red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis), a blue-gray gnatcatcher (polioptila caerulea), a norther ... | 2005 | 16405007 |
| decreasing prevalence and seasonal variation of gunshot trauma in raptors admitted to the wildlife center of virginia: 1993-2002. | a retrospective study was conducted to identify the epidemiologic factors associated with gunshot injuries in raptors presented to the wildlife center of virginia from 1993 to 2002. of the 3,156 raptors admitted, 118 raptors (3.7%), representing 15 species, were admitted with gunshot trauma as the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. the majority of cases consisted of four species: red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis; 47%), red-shouldered hawk (buteo lineatus; 14%), turkey vulture (cathartes ... | 2005 | 17312769 |
| serologic evidence of west nile virus infection in three wild raptor populations. | we assayed for west nile virus (wnv) antibodies to determine the presence and prevalence of wnv infection in three raptor populations in southeast wisconsin during 2003-04. this study was conducted in the framework of ongoing population studies that started before wnv was introduced to the study area. for 354 samples, 88% of 42 adult cooper's hawks (accipiter cooperii), 2.1% of 96 nestling cooper's hawks, 9.2% of 141 nestling red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis), and 12% of 73 nestling great hor ... | 2005 | 16252490 |
| perceptual specificity in the alarm calls of gunnison's prairie dogs. | gunnison's prairie dogs have a complex alarm communication system. we show that the escape responses of prairie dogs to naturally occurring live predators differed depending upon the species of predator. we also show that playbacks of alarm calls that were elicited originally by the live predators produced the same escape responses as the live predators themselves. the escape responses fell into two qualitatively different categories: running to the burrow and diving inside for hawks and humans, ... | 2006 | 16529880 |
| comparison of wing morphology in three birds of prey: correlations with differences in flight behavior. | flight is the overriding characteristic of birds that has influenced most of their morphological, physiological, and behavioral features. flight adaptations are essential for survival in the wide variety of environments that birds occupy. therefore, locomotor structure, including skeletal and muscular characteristics, is adapted to reflect the flight style necessitated by different ecological niches. red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) soar to locate their prey, cooper's hawks (accipiter cooper ... | 2006 | 16477604 |
| natural and experimental west nile virus infection in five raptor species. | we studied the effects of natural and/or experimental infections of west nile virus (wnv) in five raptor species from july 2002 to march 2004, including american kestrels (falco sparverius), golden eagles (aquila chrysaetos), red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis), barn owls (tyto alba), and great horned owls (bubo virginianus). birds were infected per mosquito bite, per os, or percutaneously by needle. many experimentally infected birds developed mosquito-infectious levels of viremia (>10(5) wnv ... | 2006 | 16699143 |
| west nile virus in raptors from virginia during 2003: clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiologic findings. | sixty-one birds of prey admitted to the wildlife center of virginia (wcv; waynesboro, virginia, usa) from june to november 2003 were tested for west nile virus (wnv) infection. choanal and/or cloacal swabs were obtained and submitted to virginia's division of consolidated laboratory services (richmond, virginia, usa) for analysis with real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). forty birds of prey were positive for wnv by rt-pcr. five avian families and nine species of ra ... | 2006 | 16870856 |
| acoustic structures in the alarm calls of gunnison's prairie dogs. | acoustic structures of sound in gunnison's prairie dog alarm calls are described, showing how these acoustic structures may encode information about three different predator species (red-tailed hawk-buteo jamaicensis; domestic dog-canis familaris; and coyote-canis latrans). by dividing each alarm call into 25 equal-sized partitions and using resonant frequencies within each partition, commonly occurring acoustic structures were identified as components of alarm calls for the three predators. alt ... | 2006 | 16708970 |
| a new oligacanthorhynchid acanthocephalan described from the great horned owl, bubo virginianus (strigidae), and red-tailed hawk, buteo jamaicensis (accipitridae), from central arizona, u.s.a. | oligacanthorhynchus nickoli n. sp. (acanthocephala: oligacanthorhynchidae) is described from the great-horned owl, bubo virginianus (gmelin, 1788) (type host), and red-tailed hawk, buteojamaicensis (gmelin, 1788), collected in central arizona. the new species is most similar to oligacanthorhynchus iheringi and oligacanthorhynchus minor, but it differs from all congeners primarily by trunk length, proboscis size and armature, egg size, geographical range, and host species. it is distinguished fro ... | 2007 | 17436950 |
| raptor mortality due to west nile virus in the united states, 2002. | west nile virus (wnv) has affected many thousands of birds since it was first detected in north america in 1999, but the overall impact on wild bird populations is unknown. in mid-august 2002, wildlife rehabilitators and local wildlife officials from multiple states began reporting increasing numbers of sick and dying raptors, mostly red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) and great horned owls (bubo virginianus). commonly reported clinical signs were nonspecific and included emaciation, lethargy, ... | 2007 | 17495304 |
| ophthalmologic and oculopathologic findings in red-tailed hawks and cooper's hawks with naturally acquired west nile virus infection. | to assess ophthalmologic features and ocular lesions in red-tailed hawks and cooper's hawks naturally infected with west nile virus (wnv). | 2007 | 17937556 |
| pathology and epidemiology of natural west nile viral infection of raptors in georgia. | carcasses from 346 raptors found between august 2001 and december 2004 were tested for west nile virus (wnv) using virus isolation and immunohistochemistry; 40 were positive for wnv by one or both methods. of these 40 birds, 35 had histologic lesions compatible with wnv infection, one had lesions possibly attributable to wnv, and four had no histologic evidence of wnv. the most common histologic lesions associated with wnv infection were myocardial inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis; skeletal ... | 2007 | 17495305 |