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estrogenic effects of the extracts from the chinese yam (dioscorea opposite thunb.) and its effective compounds in vitro and in vivo.the aim of this study was to explore the estrogenic effects of the extracts from chinese yam and its effective compounds.201829360751
functional properties of chinese yam (dioscorea opposita thunb. cv. baiyu) soluble protein.in this study, yam soluble protein (ysp) was extracted from chinese yam (dioscorea opposita thunb. cv. baiyu) and the functional properties were investigated under the influence of ph and ionic strength. as results, ysp was highly soluble and had better emulsifying activity over a wide range of ph. the solubility of ysp decreased in 0.5 and 1.0 m nacl solution. an increment in nacl concentration reduced the emulsion activity index and emulsion stability index of ysp. the oil absorption capacity ...201829358831
characterisation of the mucilage polysaccharides from dioscorea opposita thunb. with enzymatic hydrolysis.the mucilage polysaccharides from dioscorea opposita (domp) were extracted and treated with a single/dual enzymatic hydrolysis. the characterisation and viscosity were subsequently investigated in this study. domp obtained 62.52% mannose and 23.45% glucose. after single protease and trichloroacetic acid (tca) treatments, the mannose content was significantly reduced to 3.96%, and glucose increased from 23.45% to 45.10%. dual enzymatic hydrolysis also decreased the mannose and glucose contents to ...201829287353
effects of planting and processing modes on the degradation of dithianon and pyraclostrobin in chinese yam (dioscorea spp.).the yam (dioscorea spp.) is widely cultivated in china. the degradation of dithianon and pyraclostrobin in yams with different planting and processing treatments was investigated in this article. an analytical method for two pesticides in yam and yam plant was developed, and recoveries were between 77% and 93%, with relative standard deviations from 0.8% to 7.4%, respectively. on the basis of this method, half-lives for plants grown on stakes versus plants grown without stakes were compared. the ...201729131625
effect of seyoeum on obesity, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of high-fat diet-fed c57bl/6 mice.this study was performed to evaluate the effect of seyoeum (sye), a novel herbal meal replacement, on insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) in obese mice fed with a high-fat diet (hfd).201729085434
diosgenin-rich yam extract enhances cognitive function: a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover study of healthy adults.diosgenin, a yam-derived compound, was found to facilitate the repair of axonal atrophy and synaptic degeneration and improve memory dysfunction in a transgenic mouse model of alzheimer's disease (ad). it was also found to enhance neuronal excitation and memory function even in normal mice. we hypothesized that diosgenin, either isolated or in an extract, may represent a new category of cognitive enhancers with essential activities that morphologically and functionally reinforce neuronal network ...201729064406
new bioactive compounds from aquatic endophyte chaetomium globosum.two new oxidation products-related aureonitol and cytochalasan were isolated from chaetomium globosum fermented in chinese yam (dioscorea opposita) and determined as 10,11-dihydroxyl- aureonitol (1) and yamchaetoglobosin a (2). compound 2 indicated significant inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in lps-activated macrophages, anti-acetylcholinesterase activity with the inhibition ratios of 92.5, 38.2% at 50 μm, and cytotoxicity to hl-60, a-549, smmc-7721, mcf-7 and sw480 with the range o ...201728927295
hypoglycemic effect of chinese yam (dioscorea opposita rhizoma) polysaccharide in different structure and molecular weight.three new chinese yam polysaccharides (namely hsy, huaishanyao in chinese) were isolated using the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system. their molecular weights were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography. three type yam polysaccharides in different molecular weight were isolated: hsy-i (>50 kda), hsy-ii (10 to 50 kda), hsy-iii (<10 kda). the monosaccharide and glycosidic b ...201728906544
immunomodulatory activity of the glycoprotein isolated from the chinese yam (dioscorea opposita thunb).the yam (dioscorea opposita thunb) is a well-known edible food and widely used as the traditional chinese medicine. the present investigation was designed to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of glycoprotein (dot) from yam and explore its possible molecular mechanisms. results showed that the dot could improve the cell immunity, humoral immunity and phagocytic system function of the normal mice. the dot could also increase the production of tnf-α, interleukin-6 and nitric oxide and enhance ...201728840617
exploring the immunopotentiation of chinese yam polysaccharide poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles in an ovalbumin vaccine formulation in vivo.biocompatible and biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (plga) has been approved by the us food and drug administration and has frequently been used to develop potential vaccine delivery systems. the immunoregulation and immunopotentiation of chinese yam polysaccharide (cyp) have been widely demonstrated. in the current study, cell uptake mechanisms in dendritic cells (dcs) were monitored in vitro using confocal laser scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometr ...201728776443
hepatic anti-inflammatory effect of hexane extracts of dioscorea batatas decne: possible suppression of toll-like receptor 4-mediated signaling.the hepatic anti-inflammatory potential of hexane extracts of dioscorea batatas decne edible part (edh-1e) and bark (edh-2b) were investigated in western-type diet-fed apolipoprotein e null [apoe (-/-)] mice and hepg2 cells. edh-1e and edh-2b suppressed the increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α), interleukin (il)-6, transforming growth factor beta 1 (tgf-β1), vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (vcam-1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1), and reduced infiltration of mo ...201728538192
the complete genome sequence of a novel virus, bellflower veinal mottle virus, suggests the existence of a new genus within the family potyviridae.a new virus was isolated from a bellflower (campanula takesimana) plant showing veinal mottle symptoms, and its complete genome sequence was determined. the viral genome consists of a positive-sense single-stranded rna of 8,259 ribonucleotides. electron microscopic observation revealed that the viral genome is packaged as a filamentous particle with an average length of approximately 760 nm. blast searches of protein databases showed that the encoded polyprotein has a maximum amino acid sequence ...201728434099
chemical components and emulsification properties of mucilage from dioscorea opposita thunb.the properties of mucilage obtained from dioscorea opposita, generated during industrial manufacturing were investigated in this study. characteristics such as monosaccharide content, amino acid content, molecular weight, and structural features were measured, whereas morphology was observed using a scanning/transmission electron microscope. additionally, emulsification properties at different concentrations (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0%) and under acidic and basic ph (5.0 and 9.0) condition ...201728317729
rheological properties of polysaccharides from dioscorea opposita thunb.this study investigated the chemical components and rheological properties of polysaccharides from dioscorea opposita thunb. graded alcohol precipitation was used to extract dioscorea opposita polysaccharide samples (s1, s2, s3 and s4). the monosaccharides, amino acid content and molecular weight of each sample were measured and compared. the rheological properties of the polysaccharide samples at different concentrations, temperatures and ph values were studied. the rheological properties of s1 ...201728274459
emulsification properties of polysaccharides from dioscorea opposita thunb.this study investigated the emulsification properties of polysaccharides from dioscorea opposita thunb. graded alcohol precipitation was used to extract dioscorea opposita polysaccharides fractions (4 samples) in different ranges of molecular weight. sample 3 contained more glucose and protein (80.13% and 0.34%, respectively), and molecular weight was approximately 34,790da, distributing narrowly. the droplet sizes and stabilities of emulsions made of gum arabic (ga) and polysaccharide samples a ...201727979295
oral administration with diosgenin enhances the induction of intestinal t helper 1-like regulatory t cells in a murine model of food allergy.although the development of t helper (th)1-like regulatory t (treg) cells under th1 inflammatory conditions has been reported, the role of th1-like treg cells in th2 allergic responses remains mostly unclear. we previously demonstrated that diosgenin, the major sapogenin contained in the chinese yam, attenuated food allergy and augmented th1 and treg immune responses. in this study, we hypothesized that diosgenin may enhance the induction of th1-like treg cells in the gut of mice with food aller ...201727886644
development of repaglinide microspheres using novel acetylated starches of bitter and chinese yams as polymers.tropical starches from dioscorea dumetorum (bitter) and dioscorea oppositifolia (chinese) yams were acetylated with acetic anhydride in pyridine medium and utilized as polymers for the delivery of repaglinide in microsphere formulations in comparison to ethyl cellulose. acetylated starches of bitter and chinese yams with degrees of substitution of 2.56 and 2.70 respectively were obtained. acetylation was confirmed by ftir, (1)h nmr spectroscopy. a 3(2) factorial experimental design was performed ...201727769931
study on effect of traditional chinese medicine jianpi chushi decoction and ointment on chronic eczema.to study the effects of traditional chinese medicine jianpi chushi decoction and ointment on chronic eczema.201627633311
complete genome sequence of chinese yam necrotic mosaic virus from dioscorea opposita in the republic of korea.the complete genome sequence of chinese yam necrotic mosaic virus (chynmv) consisting of 8,213 nucleotides containing one open reading frame was determined by the transcriptome data generated from discorea opposita this is the first report of the complete nucleotide sequence of chynmv from dioscorea opposita in the republic of korea.201627492000
preparation and characterization of chinese yam polysaccharide plga nanoparticles and their immunological activity.this paper first provides that chinese yam polysaccharide (cyp) is encapsulated by plga using a double emulsion solvent evaporation method and aims to screen the optimal preparation of cyp-plga nanoparticles (cypp) using response surface methodology (rsm). the volume ratio of the internal water phase to the organic phase (w1:o), the volume ratio of the primary emulsion to the external water phase (pe:w2) and the concentration of poloxamer 188 (f68) are deemed key variables for the encapsulation ...201627374200
identification and validation of reference genes for qrt-pcr studies of gene expression in dioscorea opposita.quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) is one of the most common methods for gene expression studies. data normalization based on reference genes is essential for obtaining reliable results for qrt-pcr assays. this study evaluated potential reference genes of chinese yam (dioscorea opposita thunb.), which is an important tuber crop and medicinal plant in east asia. the expression of ten candidate reference genes across 20 samples from different organs and development stages w ...201627314014
an integrated approach to safer plant production on metal contaminated soils using species selection and chemical immobilization.in order to examine the species specific accumulation of heavy metals in medicinal crops, seven different common medicinal plants were cultivated on a cd (55mgkg(-1)) and pb (1283mgkg(-1)) contaminated soil. subsequently, the effect of various immobilizing agents, applied in isolation and in combination, on cd and pb uptake by two medicinal plant species was examined. cadmium and pb root concentrations in medicinal plants grown in the control soil varied between 0.5 and 2.6mgkg(-1) for cd and 3. ...201627213564
antioxidant and antitumor activities of the extracts from chinese yam (dioscorea opposite thunb.) flesh and peel and the effective compounds.the aims of this study are to investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the water and ethanol extracts isolated from chinese yam (dioscorea opposite thunb.) flesh (cyf) and peel (cyp) and the effective compounds. it was found that all peel portions have a better effect on reactive oxygen (ros) scavenging assay than meat portions, especially for the water extract of chinese yam peel (cyp-w). its ic50 values for hydroxyl radical (oh•) scavenging assay (744.25 ± 3.46 μg/ml) and for 1, ...201627122252
high-throughput determination of multi-mycotoxins in chinese yam and related products by ultra fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry after one-step extraction.a simple, accurate and sensitive ultra fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (uflc-ms/ms) method was developed for high-throughput determination of aflatoxins (afb1, afb2, afg1 and afg2), ochratoxin a (ota), fumonisins (fb1 and fb2) and zearalenone (zea) in chinese yam, yam flours and yam-derived products. mycotoxins were extracted from the samples with methanol-water-formic acid (79:20:1, v/v/v) and no further cleanup step before analysis. after optimization of some c ...201627085799
antidiabetic effects of yam (dioscorea batatas) and its active constituent, allantoin, in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.the objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacies of crude yam (dioscorea batatas) powder (py), water extract of yam (ey), and allantoin (the active constituent of yam) in streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetic rats with respect to glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (glp-1), c-peptide, glycated hemoglobin (hbalc), lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. for this purpose, 50 rats were divided into five groups: normal control (nc), diabetic control (stz), and stz plus ...201526501316
prebiotic effect of diosgenin, an immunoactive steroidal sapogenin of the chinese yam.this study investigated the effect of diosgenin, a yam-derived phytochemical, on the growth of enteric lactic acid bacteria (lab). the in vivo effect of diosgenin on the density of intestinal flora was examined in a murine model of food allergy. oral administration with diosgenin markedly restored the diminished density of faecal lab associated with allergic reactions. the direct effect of diosgenin and several structure-related steroidal compounds on the growth of faecal anaerobes isolated from ...201226434311
a novel, stable, estradiol-stimulating, osteogenic yam protein with potential for the treatment of menopausal syndrome.a novel protein, designated as doi, isolated from the chinese yam (dioscorea opposita thunb.) could be the first protein drug for the treatment of menopausal syndrome and an alternative to hormone replacement therapy (hrt), which is known to have undesirable side effects. doi is an acid- and thermo-stable protein with a distinctive n-terminal sequence gly-ile-gly-lys-ile-thr-thr-tyr-trp-gly-gln-tyr-ser-asp-glu-pro-ser-leu-thr-glu. doi was found to stimulate estradiol biosynthesis in rat ovarian ...201526160710
a new fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dot system modified by the fluorophore-labeled ssdna for the analysis of 6-mercaptopurine and hg (ii).a simple, environmentally friendly hydrothermal method was used to prepare strongly luminescent, nitrogen-doped carbon dots (ncds) with the use of chinese yams as a source of carbon and nitrogen. such ncds have an average size of 2.7±1.4 nm; they emit blue light at 420 nm and have a quantum yield of up to 9.3%. thus, carboxyfluorescein (fam)-dna macro-molecules were assembled on the surfaces of the ncds, and stabilised by strong π-π stacking; the so formed hybrid nano-sensors were found to have ...201526120815
conformation and location of amorphous and semi-crystalline regions in c-type starch granules revealed by sem, nmr and xrd.the conformations and locations of amorphous and semi-crystalline regions in c-type starch granules from chinese yam were evaluated by a combination of morphology and spectroscopy studies during acid hydrolysis. scanning electron micrographs showed that amorphous or less crystalline areas were essentially located in the centre part of c-type starch granules, whereas the semi-crystalline and amorphous growth rings were found mainly in the outer part of the granules. (13)c cross-polarization magic ...200826050163
ultrastructure of underutilized tuber starches and its relation to physicochemical properties.starches from five underutilized tubers (canna, potato, chinese yam, water chestnut, and taro) were extracted to investigate quantitative structure-property relationships (qspr) in each starch using a combination of x-ray diffraction (xrd) and small-angle x-ray scattering (saxs). structural parameters of the tuber starches were determined using the paracrystalline model. swelling power (sp), water solubility index (wsi), amylose leaching (aml), and thermal properties were also measured. the xrd ...201526041241
complete nucleotide sequence of artichoke latent virus shows it to be a member of the genus macluravirus in the family potyviridae.complete genomic sequences of artichoke latent virus (arlv) have been obtained by classical or high-throughput sequencing for an arlv isolate from italy (itbr05) and for two isolates from france (fr37 and fr50). the genome is 8,278 to 8,291 nucleotides long and has a genomic organization comparable with that of chinese yam necrotic mosaic virus (cynmv), the only macluravirus fully sequenced to date. the cleavage sites of the viral polyprotein have been tentatively identified by comparison with c ...201525760520
a comparison of near- and mid-infrared spectroscopic methods for the analysis of several nutritionally important chemical substances in the chinese yam (dioscorea opposita): total sugar, polysaccharides, and flavonoids.the chinese yam (dioscorea opposita) is a basic food in asia and especially china. consequently, an uncomplicated, reliable method should be available for the analysis of the quality and origin of the yams. thus, near-infrared (nir) and mid-infrared (mid-ir) spectroscopic methods were developed to discriminate among chinese yam samples collected from four geographical regions. the yam samples were analyzed also for total sugar, polysaccharides, and flavonoids. these three analytes were used to c ...201525742643
prevention of enzymatic browning of chinese yam (dioscorea spp.) using electrolyzed oxidizing water.in this study, the effects of electrolyzed oxidizing water (eow) on the prevention of enzymatic browning of fresh-cut "jiu jinhuang" chinese yam were investigated. the yams were immersed in the inhibitors for 25 min at 20 °c. compared with the tap water (tw) treatment, the chromatic attributes were significantly different after 72 h of storage (p < 0.05). the activities of polyphenol oxidase (ppo, ec 1.10.3.1), peroxidase (pod, ec 1.11.1.7), and l -phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal, ec 4.3.1.5) w ...201525736015
glycaemic index and glycaemic load of selected popular foods consumed in southeast asia.the objective of the present study was to determine the glycaemic index (gi) and glycaemic load (gl) values of standard portion sizes of southeast asian traditional foods. a total of fifteen popular southeast asian foods were evaluated. of these foods, three were soft drinks, while the other twelve were solid foods commonly consumed in this region. in total, forty-seven healthy participants (eighteen males and twenty-nine females) volunteered to consume either glucose at least twice or one of th ...201525716365
dioscorea batatas extract attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice by decreasing expression of inflammatory cytokines.the objective of the present study was to determine whether dioscorea batatas (db) extract reduces visceral fat accumulation and obesity-related biomarkers in mice fed a high-fat diet (hfd) and whether genes associated with adipogenesis and inflammation could be modulated by a diet containing db extract.201525681821
purification and structural characterization of chinese yam polysaccharide and its activities.purification and structural characterization of chinese yam polysaccharide were investigated and its activities were analyzed. results indicated that a single component polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 16,619 da was obtained after hot water extraction with sequential sevage deproteinization, hsccc and sephadex g-100 size-exclusion chromatography. the ftir analysis showed that it had characteristic absorptive peaks and contained uronic acid. the methylation and gc-ms analysis showed that ...201525498730
preparation of oligosaccharides from chinese yam and their antioxidant activity.in the present study, the oligosaccharides from chinese yam were prepared by hydrolysis with hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), which can cleave the glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides. the hydrolysis conditions were optimised by using a central composite design (ccd) as follows: reaction time 4.02 h, temperature 84.35 °c, and h2o2 concentration 2.46%, under which the yield of chinese yam derived oligosaccharides (cyos) reached 11.73%, which was consistent with the predicted yield by analysis of the resu ...201525466131
changes in main nutrients and medicinal composition of chinese yam (dioscorea opposita) tubers during storage.the changes in the main nutrient and medicinal components during the storage of the chinese yam (dioscorea opposita) tubers were studied. the harvested tubers were stored under ambient conditions (10 °c to 18 °c, 60 % to 80 % relative humidity) and cold temperature and packaged conditions (4 °c, 60 % to 65 % relative humidity) for 45 day. the allantoin, starch, total alcohol-soluble sugar, reducing sugar, protein, and moisture contents of the samples were evaluated. their amylase activities were ...201425328193
yam (dioscorea batatas) root and bark extracts stimulate osteoblast mineralization by increasing ca and p accumulation and alkaline phosphatase activity.yam (dioscorea batatas) is widely consumed as functional food for health promotion mainly in east asia countries. we assessed whether yam root (tuber) or bark (peel) extracts stimulated the activity of osteoblasts for osteogenesis. mc3t3-e1 cells (mouse osteoblasts) were treated with yam root extracts (water or methanol) (study i) or bark extracts (water or hexane) (study ii) within 0~10 μg/ml during the periods of osteoblast proliferation (5~10 day), matrix maturation (11~15 day) and mineraliza ...201425320717
new and unusual forms of calcium oxalate raphide crystals in the plant kingdom.calcium oxalate crystals in higher plants occur in five major forms namely raphides, styloids, prisms, druses and crystal sand. the form, shape and occurrence of calcium oxalate crystals in plants are species- and tissue-specific, hence the presence or absence of a particular type of crystal can be used as a taxonomic character. so far, four different types of needle-like raphide crystals have been reported in plants. the present work describes two new and unusual forms of raphide crystals from ...201425139563
bioactive proteins and peptides isolated from chinese medicines with pharmaceutical potential.some protein pharmaceuticals from chinese medicine have been developed to treat cardiovascular diseases, genetic diseases, and cancer. bioactive proteins with various pharmacological properties have been successfully isolated from animals such as hirudo medicinalis (medicinal leech), eisenia fetida (earthworm), and mesobuthus martensii (chinese scorpion), and from herbal medicines derived from species such as cordyceps militaris, ganoderma, momordica cochinchinensis, viscum album, poria cocos, s ...201425067942
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of yam (dioscorea batatas decne.) on azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in f344 rats.yam (dioscorea batatas decne.) has long been used as a health food and oriental folk medicine because of its nutritional fortification, tonic, anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and expectorant effects. reactive oxygen species (ros), which are known to be implicated in a range of diseases, may be important progenitors of carcinogenesis. the aim of this study was to investigate the modulatory effect of yam on antioxidant status and inflammatory conditions during azoxymethane (aom)-in ...201425054106
a protocol for in vitro production of microtubers in chinese yam (dioscorea opposita).chinese yam (dioscorea opposita) is an important tuberous crop owing to its dual use as a food as well as a medicine. tissue culture techniques allow the rapid multiplication of virus-free plant materials. the use of microtubers offers an attractive alternative to in vitro-grown plantlets for the micropropagation and exchange of healthy chinese yam materials. a protocol for the in vitro production of chinese yam microtubers was developed in this study. though we tested both one-step and two-step ...201425036126
using "dioscorea batatas bean"-like silver nanoparticles based localized surface plasmon resonance to enhance the fluorescent signal of zinc oxide quantum dots in a dna sensor.we reported here the preparation of "dioscorea batatas bean"-like silver nanoparticles (agnps) and the unique structure provided the agnps good localized surface plasmon resonance (lspr) property. in addition, zinc oxide quantum dots (zno qds) were also synthesized and found with good fluorescent property. furthermore, the zno qds decorated exfoliated graphene oxide (ego-zno) was prepared via electrostatic interaction. the named nanomaterials were applied in a lspr-induced fluorescent dna sensor ...201424912034
polysaccharides from dioscorea ( shān yào) and other phytochemicals enhance antitumor effects induced by dna vaccine against melanoma.adjuvants can be used to enhance the immunogenicity of antigens and improve the efficacy of vaccines. potent adjuvant action is known to often correlate with the activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb). specific plant polysaccharides and a variety of phytochemicals from foods and traditional medicinal herbs have been shown to modulate nf-κb activation. in the present study, selected plant polysaccharides and phytochemicals were evaluated for use as a dna vaccine adjuvan ...201424872932
traditional chinese medicine herbal extracts of cibotium barometz, gentiana scabra, dioscorea batatas, cassia tora, and taxillus chinensis inhibit sars-cov replication.development of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (sars-cov) agents is pivotal to prevent the reemergence of the life-threatening disease, sars. in this study, more than 200 extracts from chinese medicinal herbs were evaluated for anti-sars-cov activities using a cell-based assay that measured sars-cov-induced cytopathogenic effect (cpe) in vitro on vero e6 cells. six herbal extracts, one each from gentianae radix ( lóng dǎn; the dried rhizome of gentiana scabra), dios ...201124716104
chinese yam extracts containing β-sitosterol and ethyl linoleate protect against atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice and inhibit muscular expression of vcam-1 in vitro.atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, which is associated with increased expression of adhesion molecules and monocyte recruitment into the arterial wall. this study evaluated whether hexane extracts from the edible part (db-h1) or bark region (db-h2) of dioscorea. batatas decne have anti-atherosclerotic properties in vivo and in vitro experiments. we also identified bioactive components in the hexane extracts. thirty-six apolipoprotein e (apoe(-/-) ) mice and 12 control (c57bl/6j) ...201424689699
antioxidant chinese yam polysaccharides and its pro-proliferative effect on endometrial epithelial cells.chinese yam polysaccharide (cyp) was successfully isolated from the rhizoma of dioscorea opposita and its chemical characteristics were determined. antioxidant and pro-proliferative activity of cyp on human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro were investigated. role of cyp on cell proliferation was also evaluated by examining pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins bax and bcl-2 by western blot analysis. chemical composition analysis indicated that cyp was mainly composed of mannose, glucose ...201424530337
interaction of some commercial teas with some carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes linked with type-2 diabetes: a dietary intervention in the prevention of type-2 diabetes.this study is aimed at assessing the inhibitory effect of teas on key enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) linked with type-2 diabetes and their antioxidant properties. four samples of three brands were used; infusions of green tea (gt), 2 brands of black tea (bt), and a formulated herbal preparation for diabetes (adt) (white tea, radix puerariae, radix ophiopogonis, hawthorn berry, chinese yam, and fragrant solomon seal rhizome) were prepared and subsequently analyzed for their total phenol, a ...201424527218
isolation of (+)-abscisin ii from dormant aerial tubers of dioscorea batatas.the occurrence of at least three growth inhibitors was demonstrated in the dormant aerial tubers of dioscorea. one of the inhibitors was isolated in crystalline form and identified as (+)-abscisin ii by the infrared and ultraviolet spectra as well as by the optical rotatory dispersion.196724522653
effect of polarity and kinetin on the browning reaction of dioscorea batatas and d. japonica. 196924515433
aqueous extract of dioscorea opposita thunb. normalizes the hypertension in 2k1c hypertensive rats.dioscorea opposita thunb. (huai shan yao, dot), a common staple food in china, has been used for more than 2000 years in traditional chinese medicine (tcm) to treat different systemic diseases including hypertension. the objective of this study was to investigate the possible antihypertensive effects of the aqueous extract of (dot) in renovascular hypertensive rats as well as the mechanism in reducing blood pressure.201424447776
inhibition of photosynthesis and respiration by batatasins.effects of batatasins i, iii and v, phenolic growth inhibitors occuring in dormant bulbils of dioscorea batatas decne., on photosynthetic reactions of chloroplasts from spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) and on respiration of mitochondria from potatoes (solanum tuberosum l.) were investigated. in chloroplasts, the batatasins effectively inhibited co2-dependent oxygen evolution and electron flow from water to acceptors such as dichlorophenolindophenol, ferricyanide and methylviologen. photosystem-i d ...197824414012
macrophage activation by glycoprotein isolated from dioscorea batatas.we demonstrate that glycoprotein isolated from dioscorea batatas (gdb) activates macrophage function. analysis of the infiltration of macrophages into peritoneal cavity showed gdb treatment significantly increased the recruitment of macrophages into the peritoneal cavity. in order to further confirm and investigate the mechanism of gdb on macrophage activation, we analyzed the effects of gdb on the cytokine expression including il-1β, tnf-α, and il-6 in mouse peritoneal macrophages. gdb increase ...201124278568
anther culture of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) f1's and their reciprocal crosses.anthers from three sets of wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell) f1's and their reciprocal crosses, made between parental lines differing greatly in their ability to produce microspore derived callus, were cultured on the chinese potato medium so that we could 1) more clearly define the role of nuclear or cytoplasmic factors within t. aestivum in transferring the ability to undergo in vitro androgenesis, and 2) to briefly review the gametic representation and disease screening potential of the ...198224270565
dioscorin pre-treatment protects a549 human airway epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) is a highly reactive oxygen species involved in lung and bronchial epithelium injury. increased h(2)o(2) levels have been reported in expired breath condensates of patients with inflammatory airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. protecting airway epithelial cells from oxidative stress is an important task in the prevention and management of airway diseases. previous studies demonstrate that yam (dioscorea batatas decne) has antioxidant and an ...201323575601
synergistic induction of inos by ifn-γ and glycoprotein isolated from dioscorea batatas.dioscorea species continue to be used in traditional chinese medicine, and represent a major source of steroid precursors for conventional medicine. in the previous study, we isolated glycoprotein (gdb) from dioscorea batatas, characterized, and demonstrated immunostimulating activity in c57bl/6 mice. the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism whereby gdb activates macrophages. macrophages activation by gdb was investigated by analyzing the effects of gdb on nitric oxide (no) product ...201223269906
[optimization of processing technology for pieces of sulfur-free chinese yam].to optimize the best gradient drying technology of pieces of sulfur-free chinese yam, and provide technique parameter for processing of pieces of sulfur-free chinese yam.201223236818
complete nucleotide sequence and construction of an infectious clone of chinese yam necrotic mosaic virus suggest that macluraviruses have the smallest genome among members of the family potyviridae.the complete nucleotide sequence of chinese yam necrotic mosaic virus (cynmv) was determined from cloned virus cdna. the cynmv genomic rna is 8224 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly(a) tail, and contains one long open reading frame encoding a large polyprotein of 2620 amino acids. cynmv has no counterpart to the p1 cistron and a short hc-pro cistron located at the 5' side of the potyvirus genome. a full-length cdna clone, pcynmv, was assembled under the control of the cauliflower mosaic v ...201222886278
the effects of chinese yam-epimedium mixture on respiratory function and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.to examine the clinical effects of a mixture of chinese yam and epimedium in patients with stable moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd).201222876444
suppression of adhesion molecule expression by phenanthrene-containing extract of bulbils of chinese yam in vascular smooth muscle cells through inhibition of mapk, akt and nf-κb.atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased expression of adhesion molecules in vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmcs). the objective of this study was to examine the in vitro effects of extract from aerial bulbil of dioscorea batatas decne (db-ex) on the ability to suppress the expression of adhesion molecules induced by tnf-α. we also identified bioactive components from a methanol extract. vsmcs pre-exposed to db-ex (10-100 μg/ml) were stimulated with tnf-α (10 n ...201222583650
extract from dioscorea batatas ameliorates insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet.the aim of this study was to investigate whether dioscorea batatas (db) extract attenuates high-fat diet (hfd)-induced insulin resistance in the visceral adipose tissues of mice, and by what mechanism(s). mice were fed a hfd for 4 weeks to induce the early development of insulin resistance. the db extract was administered to mice fed a hfd by oral gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight daily for 7 weeks. biochemical parameters in blood were measured using enzymatic kits, and the expression le ...201222424459
raw chinese yam (dioscorea opposita) promotes cecal fermentation and reduces plasma non-hdl cholesterol concentration in rats.we examined the effects of raw chinese yam (dioscorea opposita), containing resistant starch (rs), on lipid metabolism and cecal fermentation in rats. raw yam (ry) and boiled yam (by) contained 33.9% and 6.9% rs, respectively. male sprague-dawley rats were fed a cholesterol-free, control (c) diet supplemented with or without 15 and 30 g of ry or by/100 g for 3 wk. plasma total cholesterol concentrations in the tail vein of rats fed the 30% ry diet were significantly lower than in the c group thr ...201122293211
anti-inflammatory activity of 6-hydroxy-2,7-dimethoxy-1,4-henanthraquinone from tuberous roots of yam (dioscorea batatas) through inhibition of prostaglandin d₂ and leukotriene c₄ production in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells.6-hydroxy-2,7-dimethoxy-1,4-phenanthraquinone (paq) isolated from the tuberous roots of yam (dioscorea batatas) inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) and cyclooxygenase-1 (cox-1) dependent prostaglandin d(2) (pgd(2)) generation in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells in a concentration-dependent manner with ic(50) values of 0.08 μm and 0.27 μm, respectively. in the western blotting with specific anti-cox-2 antibodies, the decrease of the quantity of pgd(2) was accompanied by a decrease in the cox-2 ...201121975811
protective activity of 30kda phytoglycoprotein from glucose/glucose oxidase-induced cell death in primary cultured mouse thymocytes.dioscorea batatas decne (dbd) has been traditionally used as herbal agent in folk medicine. dbd glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 30kda consists of carbohydrate (83.75%) and protein (16.25%), and has a strong anti-oxidative activity. to understand the protection from thymocytes death, we evaluated the activity changes of pro-apoptotic factors [cytochrome c, caspase 3, poly(adp-ribose) polymerase (parp), ap-1, nf-+¦b and nitric oxide (no)] by dbd glycoprotein from glucose/glucose oxidase (g ...200821783844
batatasin i, a naturally occurring phenanthrene derivative, isolated from tuberous roots of dioscorea batatas suppresses eicosanoids generation and degranulation in bone marrow derived-mast cells.to find anti-inflammatory compounds from the tuberous roots of dioscorea batatas, we isolated 6-hydroxy-2,4,7-trimethoxyphenanthrene (batatasin i) from the dichloromethane (ch(2)cl(2)) fraction of this plant. batatasin i inhibited both the generation of prostaglandin d(2) (pgd(2)), leukotriene c(4) (ltc(4)) and degranulation reaction in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (bmmcs). this compound inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) dependent pgd(2) generation in a dose dependent manner, with ic(50 ...201121720007
apolipoprotein a5-12238 t>c gene polymorphism and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in the guo shan yao and the han populations. 201121707471
characterization and immunopotentiating effects of the glycoprotein isolated from dioscorea batatas.we demonstrate that glycoprotein isolated from dioscorea batatas (gdb) has immunostimulatory effects including macrophage activation. analysis of infiltration of inflammatory cells into peritoneal cavity showed gdb treatment significantly increased the recruitment of macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes into the peritoneal cavity. treatment of spleen cells isolated from c57bl/6 mice with gdb significantly increased the proliferation of b cells and t cells induced by lps and cona, ...201121660150
effects of a multi-herbal extract on type 2 diabetes. 201121375727
understanding the germination of bulbils from an ecological perspective: a case study on chinese yam (dioscorea polystachya).bulbils serve as a means of vegetative reproduction and of dispersal for many plants; this latter aspect making them analogous to seeds. however, germination of bulbils may differ considerably from seeds due to dissimilar anatomical structures and perhaps environmental cue perception. the few laboratory studies done on bulbils suggest that their germination is similar to that of seeds in the same habitats and to vegetative buds of winter-dormant plants. the present study is the first to examine ...201020880931
anti-inflammatory activity of bark of dioscorea batatas decne through the inhibition of inos and cox-2 expressions in raw264.7 cells via nf-κb and erk1/2 inactivation.we identified a bioactive herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory activity from an ethanol extract derived from the bark of dioscorea batatas decne (bdb) in raw264.7 cells. we examined the effects of bdb on nitric oxide (no) and prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)) production in lps-induced raw264.7 cells. bdb consistently inhibited both no and pge(2) production in a dose-dependent manner, with an ic(50) of 87-71 μg/ml, respectively. the reduction of no and pge(2) production were accompanied by a reductio ...201020691245
phylogenetic analyses of an isolate obtained from potato in 1985 revealed potato virus x was introduced to china via multiple events.potato virus x (pvx) is one of the most common plant viruses that cause great economic losses to solanaceous plants. we have previously reported the complete genomic sequence of the 2006 chinese potato isolate fx21 and demonstrated that pvx isolates cluster into two groups: eurasia and america. here, we present the complete genomic sequence of one pvx isolate collected from potato in 1985 (pvx-1985). the genome of pvx-1985 is identical to that of fx21 in length and has the same genomic structure ...201020221681
silage preparation and nutritive value of chinese yam by-product.the objective of this experiment was to determine the ensiling characteristics, nutrient composition and nutritive value of chinese yam by-product (cybp) silage treated without additive (control), with lactic acid bacteria (ly), with dried beet pulp (by), or with mixtures of lactic acid bacteria and dried beet pulp (lby) for a fermentation period of 150 days. the nutritive value of cybp silage was studied in an in vivo digestibility trial using wethers in a 4 x 4 latin square design. addition of ...200920163599
fermentation characterization of chinese yam polysaccharide and its effects on the gut microbiota of rats.rat was used to characterize chinese yam polysaccharides (cyps). in exp. 1, maximum volume and rate of gas production in cyp 3-supplemented group were higher than other cyp-supplemented groups and control group, while ph values and nh3 contents in cyp 2-, cyp 3-, and cyp 4-supplemented groups were lower than control group. contents of acetate, propionate and butyrate increased by supplementing cyp 3 or cyp 4 compared to other groups, except for glucose-supplemented group. contents of isobutyrate ...200919936111
evaluation of the material and tablet formation properties of modified forms of dioscorea starches.starches obtained from four different dioscorea species-namely, white yam (dioscorea rotundata), bitter yam (dioscorea dumetorum), chinese yam (dioscorea oppositifolia), and water yam (dioscorea alata)-were modified by cross-linking, hydroxypropylation, and dual modification-cross-linking followed by hydroxypropylation. the physicochemical, material, and tablet properties of the modified starches were investigated with the aim of understanding their properties to determine their potential use fo ...200919832640
evaluation of the phototoxic potential of plants used in oriental medicine.phototoxicity can be either harmful or beneficial. yet the phototoxicity of oriental medicinal plants is an understudied area. the purpose of this study is to fill in this gap.201019818392
the screening method of a bifidogenic dietary fiber extracted from inedible parts of vegetables.total dietary fiber (df) was extracted from the inedible parts of vegetables such as peel of taro and chinese yam, pea pod, broad bean pod, and broad bean testa. effects of these fibers on the growth of bifidobacteria were determined by two kinds of experiments: one was to determine the increase of bifidobacterium longum jcm1217 (b. longum) in medium containing df, the other was an in vitro fermentation of the df by anaerobic slurries of mixed human fecal or rat cecal microbiota. anaerobic cultu ...200919763042
carboxymethyl chinese yam starch: synthesis, characterization, and influence of reaction parameters.carboxymethyl starch (cms) was obtained as a product of the reaction of starch and monochloroacetic acid (mca) in the presence of sodium hydroxide. the influence of the molar ratio of naoh/agu, the molar ratio of mca/agu, the reaction time, reaction temperature, and the water content on the degree of substitution (ds) was studied. the optimal molar ratio of naoh/agu and mca/agu is 2.4 and 1.0, respectively. increase of the ratio of naoh/agu or mca/agu leads to an increase in ds, but only to cert ...200919665107
glycoprotein isolated from dioscorea batatas decne modulates expressions of il-4 and il-10 in primary-cultured mouse lymphocytes.in the present study, we investigated the anti-allergic activity of a glycoprotein isolated from dioscorea batatas decne (dbd glycoprotein, 30 kda) on ovalbumin (ova, 100 microg ml(-1))-induced t helper (th) type-2 response in primary cultured mouse lymphocytes. our results revealed that the dbd glycoprotein (200 microg ml(-1)) significantly attenuated the expressions of interleukin (il)-4 and il-10, whereas enhanced the expression of interferon (ifn)-gamma in ova (100 microg ml(-1))-treated pri ...200919548268
diosgenin attenuates allergen-induced intestinal inflammation and ige production in a murine model of food allergy.diosgenin, the major sapogenin contained in the chinese yam, has recently been shown to promote systemic t helper 1-type immunity in a murine model of airway hypersensitivity. in this study, we hypothesized that diosgenin might be effective in modulating food allergy. balb/c mice were either left untreated (naïve; na) or administered daily with vehicle (vh; olive oil) and/or diosgenin (100 or 200 mg/kg) by gavage throughout the experiment. except for the na group, the mice were sensitized with o ...200919343624
antioxidative ability, dioscorin stability, and the quality of yam chips from various yam species as affected by processing method.the antioxidative ability, stability of storage protein dioscorin, and the quality of fried yam chips from different cultivars of chinese yams influenced by various processing treatments were investigated. total phenolic content and dpph free radical scavenging effect were found to be the highest in mingchien (mc) and the lowest in keelung (kl) yam. following processing, freeze-dried yams of all varieties showed the least decrease in total phenolic compounds and dpph radical scavenging effect, w ...200919323725
[clinical observation on ziyin tongbi decoction in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia].to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ziyin tongbi decoction (ztd) in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph).200819317162
mannose-binding lectin from yam (dioscorea batatas) tubers with insecticidal properties against helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae).the amino acid sequence of mannose-binding lectin, named db1, from the yam (dioscorea batatas, synonym dioscorea polystachya) tubers was determined. the lectin was composed of two isoforms db1(cys86) and db1(leu86) consisting of 108 amino acid residues with 90% sequence homology between them. db1 showed a high sequence similarity to snowdrop (galanthus nivalis) bulb lectin, gna; especially, the carbohydrate-binding sites of gna were highly conserved in db1. db1 interacted with d-mannose residues ...200919271711
polysaccharides from dioscorea batatas induce tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion via toll-like receptor 4-mediated protein kinase signaling pathways.the bioactive polysaccharides (named zpf1) from yam ( dioscorea batatas) were chemically determined, suggesting repeating beta-1,4-mannan as mainly having a feature of acetylation on c2-oh and c3-oh, around 28%. the zpf1 participated in the stimulation of murine wild-type macrophages predominantly in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnfalpha). toll-like receptor 4 is proved to be one of the cellular receptors in zpf1-mediated tnfalpha secretion. reactive oxygen species transmission and pi3-kinase ar ...200818841980
relationship between the physicochemical properties of starches and the glycemic indices of some jamaican yams (dioscorea spp.).starch granules from round leaf yellow yam (ry), lucea yam (ly), white yam (wy), and chinese yam (cy) grown in jamaica were isolated and the relationship between starch amylose content, crystallinity, microscopic properties, in vitro digestibility, and the glycemic index (gi) of the tubers was investigated. the results indicate that ry had the highest amylose content (265.30 +/- 0.09 g/kg starch) while cy the lowest (111.44 +/- 0.03 g/kg starch). a corresponding variation in starch digestibility ...200818727011
plant glycoprotein modulates the expression of interleukin-1beta via inhibition of map kinase in hmc-1 cells.dioscorea batatas decne (dbd) is used to heal various disorders of the kidney and lungs as an herbal agent in korea. the purpose of the present study was to determine whether the dbd glycoprotein regulates the inflammatory reaction stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore a23187 (pmaci) in human mast cells (hmc-1). the results indicate that dbd glycoprotein decreased gene expression of interleukin (il)-1beta and cyclooxygenase (cox)-2 in pmaci-stimulated hmc-1 cells t ...200818685203
pharmacological interventions for clozapine-induced hypersalivation.clozapine is widely used for people with schizophrenia. although agranulocytosis, weight gain, and cardiac problems are serious problems associated with its use, hypersalivation, sometimes of a gross and socially unacceptable quantity, is also common (30-80%).200818646130
immunomodulatory effects of phytocompounds characterized by in vivo transgenic human gm-csf promoter activity in skin tissues.to investigate the immunomodulatory activities of phytocompounds for potential therapeutics, we devised an in vivo, transgenic, human cytokine gene promoter assay using defined epidermal skin cells as test tissue. test compounds were topically applied to mouse skin before or after gene gun transfection, using a cytokine gene promoter-driven luciferase reporter. croton oil, an inflammation inducer, induced transgenic gm-csf and tnf-alpha promoter activities in skin epidermis 6-fold and 3.4-fold, ...200818622761
inhibitory effect of 30-kda phytoglycoprotein on expression of tnf-alpha and cox-2 via activation of pkcalpha and erk 1/2 in lps-stimulated raw 264.7 cells.a 30-kda dbd glycoprotein, which consists of carbohydrate content (61%) and protein content (39%), is a naturally occurring phytoglycoprotein found in dioscorea batatas decne (dbd). in the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory potentials of the dbd glycoprotein on lipopolysaccharide (lps, 2 microg/ml)-induced pro-inflammatory signal transduction cascade in murine macrophage cell line (raw 264.7 cells). our results showed that the dbd glycoprotein significantly inhibits the translo ...200818566751
the interplay between yam (dioscorea sp.) starch botanical source, micromeritics and functionality in paracetamol granules for reconstitution.a comparative investigation of the interplay between starch botanical source, micromeritics and their functionality in formulated paediatric paracetamol granules for reconstitution was conducted using starches extracted from five local yam (dioscorea spp.) species. significant differences were observed in the physicochemical properties of the different starches studied (p<0.05). the observed differences in paracetamol dissolution correlated well with the physicochemical properties of the starche ...200818423995
identification of dioscorea batatas (sanyak) allergen as an inhalant and oral allergen.dioscorea batatas is widely used in asia as a herbal medicine or food product with potential health benefits. there have been several reports of occupational asthma caused by inhalation of d. batatas dust. however, there has been no report of systemic allergic reactions after oral administration of d. batatas. two patients with d. batatas allergy were enrolled. one had experienced severe urticaria and angioedema after indigestion, and the other had been exposed to d. batatas dust and was diagnos ...200818303202
effect of pilopool on forced swimming test in mice.pilopool is composed of high molecular weight water-soluble chitosan, allium sativum l. extract, mushroom extract, dioscorea batatas d., and purple bamboo salt. this study investigated the effect of pilopool on performance of forced swimming test (fst). first, the immobility time was decreased in pilopool-fed group in comparison with control group on fst. in blood serum, the contents of creatine kinase and lactic dehydrogenase were decreased and the contents of glucose and total protein were inc ...200818300010
blocking of intracellular ros production by phytoglycoprotein (30 kda) causes anti-proliferation in bisphenol a-stimulated chang liver cells.dioscorea batatas decne (dbd) is traditionally used to heal inflammatory disease as a folk medicine. it was reported that a glycoprotein (dbd glycoprotein) with a molecular weight of 30 kda was isolated from dbd and consists of carbohydrate (83.75%) and protein (16.25%) moieties. the previous results showed that it has a strong scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals without any pro-oxidant activity in the cell-free system. the purpose of the present study was to show whether or not the db ...200818246544
phytoglycoprotein inhibits interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated raw 264.7 cells.this study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of 30-kda glycoprotein isolated from dioscorea batatas decne (dbd glycoprotein), which consists of carbohydrate content (61%) and protein content (39%) on lipopolysaccharide (lps, 2 microg/ml)-stimulated raw 264.7 cells. we found that dbd glycoprotein (200 microg/ml) has an inhibitory effect on the production of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)), on the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase, ...200818204996
induction of growth hormone release by dioscin from dioscorea batatas decne.in this study, dioscin was isolated from dioscoreae rhizoma (dr), which is the rhizome of dioscorea batatas d(ecne). that inhabits broad areas of korea and japan. to determine whether dioscin induced growth hormone (gh) release, we evaluated its induction effects on gh release both in vitro and in vivo. the 70% methanol extract of dr, and its n-hexane and n-buoh fractions, induced rat gh (rgh) release in rat pituitary cells 10-fold, 8-fold, and 5- fold higher than the control (0.36 +/- 0.02 nm), ...200718047799
immunopotentiating effects of four chinese herbal polysaccharides administered at vaccination in chickens.this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 4 chinese herbal polysaccharides on the production of serum antibodies and the proliferation of peripheral t lymphocytes, including subpopulations in vaccinated chickens. a total of 450 chickens were randomly assigned to 9 groups at 14 d of age and vaccinated first with live newcastle disease (nd)-infectious bronchitis virus vaccine, and second with nd-infectious bronchitis oil adjuvant vaccine at 28 d of age. at the same time as the first vacc ...200718029798
[study on extraction of the total saponins of chinese yam].a method for the determination of total saponins of chinese yam was established. the dioscin was used as a standard compound, the vanillin-perchloric acid as chromogenic agent and glacial acetic acid as solvent. the extraction technique of asponins from chinese yam was studied by spectrometric method. extracting temperature, extracting time, ethanol concentration and the ratio of raw material and water were selected as four factors to design the orthogonal test, and the optical condition of extr ...200717944200
[quality comparison between two cultivated chinese yam-kunming yam and tiegun yam].to compare the quality of cultivated chinese yam (dioscorea polystachya turcz.) from yunnan (kunming yam) and henan (tiegum yam) by determining the content of dry substance in fresh sample and the contents of water extracts, ethanol extracts, starch, protein, crude-fat and polysaccharide in dry sample.200717727052
diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin, enhances antigen-specific igg2a and interferon-gamma expression in ovalbumin-sensitized balb/c mice.the effect of diosgenin, the most abundant sapogenin in chinese yam, on humoral immunity was investigated. ovalbumin (ova)-sensitized and challenged balb/c mice were administered daily with diosgenin for 34 days. the production of ova-specific serum igg2a was significantly enhanced by diosgenin treatment, whereas total ige and ova-specific igg1, igg2a and igm were unaffected. in parallel with the enhancement of igg2a, ova-induced ifn-gamma secretion and mrna expression were markedly elevated in ...200717566144
dioscorea opposita reverses dexamethasone induced insulin resistance.the effects of dioscorea opposita (huai shan yao, hsy) on dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance were investigated in vitro and in vivo. d. opposita extract reduced significantly the blood insulin and glucose levels in dexamethasone-induced diabetic rats. in vitro, hsy significantly enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3t3-l1 adipocytes. moreover, hsy increase the mrna expression of glut4 glucose transporter in 3t3-l1 adipocytes. these data suggest that d. opposita has insulin sensiti ...200717084991
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