| isotopic investigation of niche partitioning among native carnivores and the non-native coyote (canis latrans). | we employed stable carbon (δ(13)c) and nitrogen (δ(15)n) isotopes within a hypothetico-deductive framework to explore potential resource partitioning among terrestrial mammalian carnivores. isotope values were acquired using guard hair samples from bobcat (lynx rufus), coyote (canis latrans), gray fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus), and red fox (vulpes vulpes) in the adirondack park, ny, usa. enrichment along the δ(13)c axis was expected to reflect the use of human sources of food (reflecting a corn ... | 2014 | 24666214 |
| competition and intraguild predation among three sympatric carnivores. | we examined the relative roles of dominance in agonistic interactions and energetic constraints related to body size in determining local abundances of coyotes (canis latrans, 8-20 kg), gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus, 3-5 kg) and bobcats (felis rufus, 5-15 kg) at three study sites (hereafter referred to as np, cp, and sp) in the santa monica mountains of california. we hypothesized that the largest and behaviorally dominant species, the coyote, would exploit a wider range of resources (i.e ... | 2000 | 24595837 |
| serologic survey of trichinellosis in wild mammals kept in a mexico city zoo. | a serologic survey of trichinella infection was carried out to determine the prevalence of this parasitosis among wild mammals kept in captivity at the chapultepec zoo. this was prompted by the necropsy finding of a heavy trichinella infection in a canadian polar bear (ursus maritimus) that had been kept at the zoo for more than 11 years. the parasites recovered were identified as t. nativa (t2). a serologic study based on elisa and western blot analysis was performed in serum samples from two p ... | 1996 | 9017871 |
| [assessment of population differentiation using dna fingerprinting and modified wright's fst-statistics]. | using our results and literature data on multilocus dna fingerprinting, we propose a method of obtaining unbiased estimates of the between--population genetic similarity index and a measure of population subdivision based on modified wright's fst-statistics. on the basis of multiple comparison t2 hotelling's test and holmes' procedure, the fst-statistics was applied to assess differentiation of four (pacific and atlantic) subpopulations of humpback whale megaptera novaeangliae, six populations o ... | 2003 | 12669419 |
| seroepidemiology of bartonella infection in gray foxes from texas. | gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) were shown to be naturally infected with bartonella rochalimae, a bartonella species similar to bartonella clarridgeiae (b.c.), and bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii (b.v.berkhoffii) in northern california. a serological survey was performed to investigate the presence of bartonella infection in 132 gray foxes from west/central texas. using an immunofluorescence antibody test directed against b.v.berkhoffii and b.c., the antibody prevalence was 50% ( ... | 2012 | 22217178 |
| ixodid ticks on the coyote and gray fox at land between the lakes, kentucky-tennessee, and implications for tick dispersal. | | 1988 | 3357174 |
| genomic flatlining in the endangered island fox. | genetic studies of rare and endangered species often focus on defining and preserving genetically distinct populations, especially those having unique adaptations [1, 2]. much less attention is directed at understanding the landscape of deleterious variation, an insidious consequence of geographic isolation and the inefficiency of natural selection to eliminate harmful variants in small populations [3-5]. with population sizes of many vertebrates decreasing and isolation increasing through habit ... | 2016 | 27112291 |
| [relative abundance of the gray fox urocyon cinereoargenteus (carnívora: canidae) in veracruz central area, mexico]. | the gray fox, urocyon cinereoargenteus, is a medium-size canid widely distributed in méxico. most studies on this species focus on habitat use, home range, diet, intraguild competence, and lanscape distribution between urban and rural sites. in central veracruz, gray foxes are present in fragments of cloud forest and in shaded coffee plantations; nevertheless, its abundance has not yet been compared among other vegetation types found in the area, such as sugarcane plantations. in this study we d ... | 2016 | 28862421 |
| mitochondrial analysis of the most basal canid reveals deep divergence between eastern and western north american gray foxes (urocyon spp.) and ancient roots in pleistocene california. | pleistocene aridification in central north america caused many temperate forest-associated vertebrates to split into eastern and western lineages. such divisions can be cryptic when holocene expansions have closed the gaps between once-disjunct ranges or when local morphological variation obscures deeper regional divergences. we investigated such cryptic divergence in the gray fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus), the most basal extant canid in the world. we also investigated the phylogeography of thi ... | 2015 | 26288066 |
| morbidity and mortality of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) admitted to the wildlife center of virginia, 1993-2001. | the medical records of 48 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 35 gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) examined at the wildlife center of virginia (waynesboro, virginia, usa) from 1993 to 2001 were reviewed. the most common diagnosis in red foxes was orphaned (33%), followed by trauma (27%), undetermined diagnosis (23%), and sarcoptic mange (17%). trauma (46%) was the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in gray foxes followed by orphaned (23%), undetermined (20%), toxoplasmosis (6%), presum ... | 2003 | 12910780 |
| light preferences of young foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus). | | 1972 | 4650797 |
| susceptibility of the gray fox to fox encephalitis. | | 1947 | 20239454 |
| pelvic sexual dimorphism among species monomorphic in body size: relationship to relative newborn body mass. | females have larger pelves than males among eutherians to mitigate obstetrical difficulty. this study addresses 3 issues concerning pelvic sexual dimorphism using 8 species that are sexually monomorphic in nonpelvic size: aotus azarae , castor canadensis , dasypus novemcinctus , hylobates lar , saguinus geoffroyi , sciurus carolinensis , sylvilagus floridanus , and urocyon cinereoargenteus . using published data to compute the index of relative newborn body mass (rnbm = [newborn body mass/adult ... | 2016 | 30302031 |
| complete genome analysis confirms that the pygmy marmoset adenovirus is a variant of the skunk adenovirus 1 - short communication. | the complete genomic sequence along with phylogenetic analyses of an adenovirus (adv), isolated from a dead captive pygmy marmoset (callithrix pygmaea) from a hungarian zoo is reported. earlier, based on the phylogenetic analysis of the sequence of a pcr-amplified fragment from the dna polymerase gene, the pygmy marmoset adv (pmadv) has been reported to cluster closest to certain chiropteran advs. in the following years similar advs were discovered in additional mammalian hosts, including a skun ... | 2020 | 33128521 |
| cross-sectional evaluation of multiple epidemiological cycles of leptospira species in peri-urban wildlife in california. | to perform a cross-sectional survey to estimate prevalence of and potential risk factors for leptospira spp infection and exposure in peri-urban wildlife throughout california. | 2020 | 33021456 |
| of microbes and mange: consistent changes in the skin microbiome of three canid species infected with sarcoptes scabiei mites. | sarcoptic mange is a highly contagious skin disease caused by the ectoparasitic mite sarcoptes scabiei. although it afflicts over 100 mammal species worldwide, sarcoptic mange remains a disease obscured by variability at the individual, population and species levels. amid this variability, it is critical to identify consistent drivers of morbidity, particularly at the skin barrier. | 2019 | 31619277 |
| genetic characteristics of canine distemper viruses circulating in wildlife in the united states. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a highly contagious disease of wild and domestic mammals. maintenance of cdv among wildlife plays an important role in the disease epidemiology. wild animals, including raccoons (procyon lotor) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus), serve as reservoirs of cdv and hamper the control of the disease. recently, we discovered that at least three different cdv lineages (america-3 [edomex], america-4, and america-5] that are genetically different from the available v ... | 2020 | 31926508 |
| serosurvey for influenza virus subtypes h3n8 and h3n2 antibodies in free-ranging canids in pennsylvania, usa. | canine influenza virus (civ) subtypes h3n8 and h3n2 are endemic among domestic dog ( canis lupus familiaris ) populations in the northeastern us. infection of free-ranging carnivores with influenza virus has been sporadically reported. generalist mesocarnivores that exploit anthropogenic, peri-urban habitats share a wide interface with domestic dogs that allows for the transmission of infectious disease. to investigate the potential exposure of free-ranging canids to civ in pennsylvania, us, ser ... | 2019 | 30096030 |
| presence of trypanosomatid antibodies in gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) and domestic and feral dogs (canis lupus familiaris) in queretaro, mexico. | trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania spp. are vector-borne parasitic protozoa, the causative agents of chagas and leishmaniasis diseases, respectively. trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania spp. have been reported in a wide variety of mammals, including canids, which play an important role in the transmission of these parasites between urban and natural environments. currently, no studies have been conducted on trypanosomatids in wild canids in mexico. using a partially purified fraction of excreted iron ... | 2016 | 31014533 |
| oral vaccination of wildlife using a vaccinia-rabies-glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine (raboral v-rg®): a global review. | raboral v-rg® is an oral rabies vaccine bait that contains an attenuated ("modified-live") recombinant vaccinia virus vector vaccine expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein gene (v-rg). approximately 250 million doses have been distributed globally since 1987 without any reports of adverse reactions in wildlife or domestic animals since the first licensed recombinant oral rabies vaccine (orv) was released into the environment to immunize wildlife populations against rabies. v-rg is genetically ... | 2017 | 28938920 |
| distribution and host associations of ixodid ticks collected from wildlife in florida, usa. | a tick survey was conducted to document tick-host associations with florida (usa) wildlife, and to determine the relative abundance and distribution of ixodid ticks throughout the state. the survey was conducted using collection kits distributed to licensed florida hunters as well as the examination of archived specimens from ongoing state wildlife research programs. collected tick samples were obtained from 66% of florida counties and were collected from nine wildlife hosts, including black bea ... | 2017 | 29110170 |
| comparative metal analysis in a species assemblage of mammals from the southeastern united states. | metal pollution commonly occurs in many terrestrial environments and may pose a threat for the animals inhabiting such areas. here, we present concentrations of six metals (cadmium [cd], copper [cu], nickel [ni], lead [pb], selenium [se], and zinc [zn]) in the liver tissues of seven species of mammals obtained from a study that examined the impact of mesopredator removal on northern bobwhite (colinus virginianus) populations. a total of 1326 samples were collected from 2003 to 2006 at four sites ... | 2020 | 32323028 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infections and associated factors in sheep from costa rica. | the presence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum were analyzed in 392 sheep sera from ten costa rican ovine flocks using indirect immuno-enzymatic assays. additionally, general information about sheep management, environment, and clinical reproductive disorders was assessed through a questionnaire to inquire factors related to these apicomplexan parasites. a total of 161 (41.1%) serum samples reacted positive to t. gondii, 43 (10.9%) to n. caninum and 26 (6.63%) to both ... | 2019 | 30666319 |
| sarcoptic mange in a south american gray fox (chilla fox; lycalopex griseus ), chile. | mange, a prevalent disease of dogs in chile, is also a serious threat to wildlife. we report a case of sarcoptic mange in a south american gray fox or chilla fox ( lycalopex griseus ). further research is needed to understand the impact of mange in wildlife populations. | 2016 | 27310169 |
| effect of acute gamma radiation on wild opossum, gray fox, raccoon and bobcat. | | 1965 | 5884552 |
| [mammals' camera-trapping in sierra nanchititla, mexico: relative abundance and activity patterns]. | species conservation and their management depend on the availability of their population behavior and changes in time. this way, population studies include aspects such as species abundance and activity pattern, among others, with the advantage that nowadays new technologies can be applied, in addition to common methods. in this study, we used camera-traps to obtain the index of relative abundance and to establish activity pattern of medium and large mammals in sierra nanchititla, mexico. the st ... | 2011 | 21516657 |
| systemic aa amyloidosis in the red fox (vulpes vulpes). | amyloid a (aa) amyloidosis occurs spontaneously in many mammals and birds, but the prevalence varies considerably among different species, and even among subgroups of the same species. the blue fox and the gray fox seem to be resistant to the development of aa amyloidosis, while island foxes have a high prevalence of the disease. herein, we report on the identification of aa amyloidosis in the red fox (vulpes vulpes). edman degradation and tandem ms analysis of proteolyzed amyloid protein reveal ... | 2017 | 28791746 |
| assessment of the immunogenicity of rabies vaccine preserved by vaporization and delivered to the duodenal mucosa of gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus). | objective to assess the immunogenicity of thermostable live-attenuated rabies virus (rabv) preserved by vaporization (pbv) and delivered to the duodenal mucosa of a wildlife species targeted for an oral vaccination program. animals 8 gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus). procedures endoscopy was used to place rabv pbv (n = 3 foxes), alginate-encapsulated rabv pbv (3 foxes), or nonpreserved rabv (2 foxes) vaccine into the duodenum of foxes. blood samples were collected weekly to monitor the immu ... | 2017 | 28541146 |
| roads do not increase carrion use by a vertebrate scavenging community. | wildlife-vehicle collisions introduce a considerable amount of carrion into the environment, but scavenger use of this resource has not been extensively investigated. scavengers may use roads for reliable foraging opportunities, but might also use roads for other purposes and encounter carrion opportunistically. we examined scavenging of carrion along linear features by placing 52 rabbit carcasses in each of three treatments in forested habitat during winter (dec 2016-mar 2017) in south carolina ... | 2018 | 30397216 |
| seroprevalence for the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete borrelia turicatae among small and medium sized mammals of texas. | in low elevation arid regions throughout the southern united states, borrelia turicatae is the principal agent of tick-borne relapsing fever. however, endemic foci and the vertebrate hosts involved in the ecology of b. turicatae remain undefined. experimental infection studies suggest that small and medium sized mammals likely maintain b. turicatae in nature, while the tick vector is a long-lived reservoir. | 2018 | 30372445 |
| dental and temporomandibular joint pathology of the kit fox (vulpes macrotis). | skull specimens from 836 kit foxes (vulpes macrotis) were examined macroscopically according to predefined criteria; 559 specimens were included in this study. the study group consisted of 248 (44.4%) females, 267 (47.8%) males and 44 (7.9%) specimens of unknown sex; 128 (22.9%) skulls were from young adults and 431 (77.1%) were from adults. of the 23,478 possible teeth, 21,883 teeth (93.2%) were present for examination, 45 (1.9%) were absent congenitally, 405 (1.7%) were acquired losses and 1,1 ... | 2019 | 30898300 |
| biotic factors influencing the unexpected distribution of a humboldt marten (martes caurina humboldtensis) population in a young coastal forest. | pacific martens (martes caurina) are often associated with mature forests with complex structure for denning, resting, and efficient hunting. nonetheless, a small isolated population of the humboldt subspecies of pacific martens (martes caurina humboldtensis) occupies a narrow strip of young, coastal forest (< 70 years old) but not inland mature forest in the central oregon coast range. we examined factors contributing to this unexpected distribution of martens by 1) analyzing marten diets using ... | 2019 | 31042737 |
| infection of eight mesocarnivores in new hampshire and vermont with a distinct clade of canine distemper virus in 2016-2017. | three fishers (martes pennanti), 2 gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus), 1 mink (neovison vison), 1 skunk (mephitis mephitis), and 1 raccoon (procyon lotor), from vermont and new hampshire, had lesions on autopsy consistent with canine distemper virus (cdv) infections diagnosed in a 12-mo period in 2016-2017. lesions of cdv infection were most commonly noted in the lungs (8 of 8 animals), urothelium (5 of 8), biliary tract (5 of 8), gastrointestinal tract (4 of 7), and brain (4 of 6). splenic l ... | 2019 | 31023162 |
| additional progress in the development and application of a direct, rapid immunohistochemical test for rabies diagnosis. | laboratory-based surveillance is fundamental to effective rabies prevention and control. the direct fluorescent antibody (ab) test (fat) is the gold standard for rabies diagnosis. recently, additional tests besides the fat have been developed, such as the direct rapid immunohistochemical test (drit). in this study, our objective was to further refine technical aspects of the drit using a combination of two monoclonal abs (mabs), 502 and 802, conduct additional testing among rabies reference labo ... | 2018 | 29925781 |
| static allometry of a small-bodied omnivore: body size and limb scaling of an island fox and inferences for homo floresiensis. | island dwarfing is a paraphyletic adaptation across numerous mammalian genera. from mammoths to foxes, extreme body size reduction is shared by diverse organisms that migrate to an island environment. because it largely occurs owing to ecological variables, not phylogenetic ones, skeletal characters in a dwarfed taxon compared with its ancestor may appear abnormal. as a result, allometric patterns between body size and morphological traits may differ for an island dwarf compared with its ancesto ... | 2020 | 33137549 |
| concurrent infection of skunk adenovirus-1, listeria monocytogenes, and a regionally specific clade of canine distemper virus in one gray fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus) and concurrent listeriosis and canine distemper in a second gray fox. | one free-ranging gray fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus) underwent autopsy following neurologic disease, with findings including morbilliviral inclusions and associated lesions in numerous tissues, adenoviral intranuclear inclusions in bronchial epithelial cells, and septic pleuropneumonia, hepatitis, splenitis, and meningoencephalitis. molecular diagnostics on fresh lung identified a strain within a distinct clade of canine distemper that is currently unique to wildlife in new england, as well as t ... | 2020 | 32708148 |
| purging of strongly deleterious mutations explains long-term persistence and absence of inbreeding depression in island foxes. | the recovery and persistence of rare and endangered species are often threatened by genetic factors, such as the accumulation of deleterious mutations, loss of adaptive potential, and inbreeding depression [1]. island foxes (urocyon littoralis), the dwarfed descendants of mainland gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus), have inhabited california's channel islands for >9,000 years [2-4]. previous genomic analyses revealed that island foxes have exceptionally low levels of diversity and elevated le ... | 2018 | 30415705 |
| dental pathology of the grey fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus). | museum specimens from 637 grey foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) were examined macroscopically according to predefined criteria. of the 637 specimens, 569 were included for further examination. the study population included more males (n = 261, 45.9%) than females (n = 196, 34.4%) and animals of unknown sex (n = 112, 19.7%). additionally, 481 (84.5%) adults, 67 (11.8%) young adults and 21 (3.7%) individuals of unknown age comprised the study population, with juveniles and neonates excluded. the n ... | 2018 | 29422314 |
| dynamic occupancy modelling reveals a hierarchy of competition among fishers, grey foxes and ringtails. | determining how species coexist is critical for understanding functional diversity, niche partitioning and interspecific interactions. identifying the direct and indirect interactions among sympatric carnivores that enable their coexistence is particularly important to elucidate because they are integral for maintaining ecosystem function. we studied the effects of removing nine fishers (pekania pennanti) on their population dynamics and used this perturbation to elucidate the interspecific inte ... | 2018 | 29282715 |
| habitat selection and diurnal refugia of gray foxes in southwestern georgia, usa. | understanding habitat selection of gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) is essential to evaluate their potential response to changes in land use and predator communities. few studies have evaluated temporal habitat selection or explicitly identified habitats used by gray foxes for diurnal refugia. we used gps collars to obtain location data for 34 gray foxes (20 males and 14 females) from february 2014 to december 2015 to evaluate temporal (seasonal and diel) habitat selection and selection of ... | 2017 | 29040319 |
| drivers of canine distemper virus exposure in dogs at a wildlife interface in janos, mexico. | human population expansion has increased the contact between domestic animals and wildlife, thereby increasing the transmission of infectious diseases including canine distemper virus (cdv). here, we investigated the risk factors associated with cdv exposure in domestic and wild carnivores from the janos biosphere reserve (jbr), mexico. | 2021 | 33981441 |
| serosurvey of coyotes (canis latrans), foxes (vulpes vulpes, urocyon cinereoargenteus), and raccoons (procyon lotor) for exposure to influenza a viruses in the usa. | we tested coyote (canis latrans), fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus, vulpes vulpes), and raccoon (procyon lotor) sera for influenza a virus exposure. we found 2/139 samples (1 coyote, 1 raccoon) had iav antibodies and hemagglutination inhibition assays revealed the antibodies to the 2009/2010 h1n1 human pandemic virus or to the 2007 human seasonal h1n1 virus. | 2020 | 32320339 |
| endozoochorous dispersal of forest seeds by carnivorous mammals in sierra fría, aguascalientes, mexico. | some carnivorous mammals ingest fruit and disperse seeds of forest plant species capable of colonizing disturbed areas in ecosystems. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the dissemination of arctostaphylos pungens and juniperus deppeana seeds by the gray fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus), coyote (canis latrans), and other carnivores in the protected natural area sierra fría, in aguascalientes, mexico. scat collection was undertaken via transects using the direct search method, while ... | 2020 | 32211171 |
| invasive wild pigs as primary nest predators for wild turkeys. | depredation of wild turkey (meleagris gallopavo) nests is a leading cause of reduced recruitment for the recovering and iconic game species. invasive wild pigs (sus scrofa) are known to depredate nests, and have been expanding throughout the distributed range of wild turkeys in north america. we sought to gain better insight on the magnitude of wild pigs depredating wild turkey nests. we constructed simulated wild turkey nests throughout the home ranges of 20 gps-collared wild pigs to evaluate n ... | 2020 | 32060348 |