| potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from specific natural niches in food production and preservation. | autochthonous strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) have been isolated from traditionally homemade cheeses collected from specific ecological localities across serbia and montenegro. genetic and biochemical analysis of this lab revealed that they produce bacteriocins, proteinases and exopolysaccharides. lab produces a variety of antimicrobial substances with potential importance for food fermentation and preservation. apart from the metabolic end products, some strains also secrete antimicrobial ... | 2006 | 16764959 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi b isolates from environmental and human sources in galicia, spain. | salmonella serotype paratyphi b isolates obtained from shellfish and human infections in galicia (northwest spain) from 1998 were investigated by different phenotypic and genetic methods to evaluate their systemic or enteric nature. isolates were investigated for d-tartrate fermentation, presence of genes encoding the effector proteins sope1 and avra, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile, and antimicrobial susceptibility. systemic variant strains (dt-) were the dominant among the marine envi ... | 2006 | 16786846 |
| multi-drug resistant salmonella java infections acquired from tropical fish aquariums, australia, 2003-04. | antibiotic resistant salmonella infections are rare in australia. we investigated an increase in multidrug resistant salmonella paratyphi b biovar java (s. java) infections in australia during 2003-04. eighty-two per cent (18/22) of s. java cases enrolled into the study reported that they had been in contact with aquariums housing fish during their incubation period. seventy-two per cent (13/18) of cases were infected with strains that were resistant to apsmtccmsusp (ampicillin, streptomycin, te ... | 2006 | 16841504 |
| [construction of prokaryotic expression system of salmonella paratyphi a spao gene and immunogenicity and immunoprotection of the expressed product]. | to study the immunogenicity and immunoprotection of the recombinant expressing product (rspao) of s. paratyphi a spao gene, and to demonstrate the frequencies of spao gene carrying and expressing in s. paratyphi a isolates. | 2006 | 16875542 |
| bafoudiosbulbins a, and b, two anti-salmonellal clerodane diterpenoids from dioscorea bulbifera l. var sativa. | two clerodane diterpenoids, bafoudiosbulbins a 1, and b 2, together with five known compounds: tetracosanoic acid, 1-(tetracosanoyl)-glycerol, trans-tetracosanylferulate, beta-sitosterol and 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-beta-sitosterol were isolated from the tubers of dioscorea bulbifera l. var sativa. their structures were established by spectroscopic methods (1d and 2d-nmr, ms) and x-ray crystallographic diffraction analysis of compound 1. the ch2cl2-soluble portion of the crude extract and the t ... | 2006 | 16876211 |
| antibiogram, phage typing and biotyping of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a from rourkela, orissa. | | 2006 | 16926466 |
| fulminant hepatic failure caused by salmonella paratyphi a infection. | we report a case of fulminant hepatic failure associated with salmonella paratyphi a infection, in a 29-year-old patient who was admitted to the intensive care unit (icu) with fever of two days, headache and vomiting followed by behavioural changes and disorientation. on examination, the patient appeared acutely ill, agitated, confused, and deeply jaundiced. temperature 38.5 degrees of c, pulse 92/min, blood pressure 130/89 mmhg. both samples of blood grew s. paratyphi a, which was sensitive to ... | 2006 | 16937545 |
| a bimodal pattern of relatedness between the salmonella paratyphi a and typhi genomes: convergence or divergence by homologous recombination? | all salmonella can cause disease but severe systemic infections are primarily caused by a few lineages. paratyphi a and typhi are the deadliest human restricted serovars, responsible for approximately 600,000 deaths per annum. we developed a bayesian changepoint model that uses variation in the degree of nucleotide divergence along two genomes to detect homologous recombination between these strains, and with other lineages of salmonella enterica. paratyphi a and typhi showed an atypical and sur ... | 2007 | 17090663 |
| sanitation characteristics of some food processing industries. | the present investigation was carried out to evaluate the sanitary conditions surrounding the food throughout the production stages in some food plants. observation of the sanitary measures of the studied plants revealed that only 3 out of the 7 plants (42.9%) have acceptable sanitation that complies with the sanitary requirements specified by who. personal hygiene and storage conditions were the most critical problems found in the studied plants. laboratory examination of nasal and throat swabs ... | 1998 | 17219928 |
| evaluation of the growth inhibitory activities of triphala against common bacterial isolates from hiv infected patients. | the isolation of microbial agents less susceptible to regular antibiotics and the rising trend in the recovery rates of resistant bacteria highlights the need for newer alternative principles. triphala has been used in traditional medicine practice against certain diseases such as jaundice, fever, cough, eye diseases etc. in the present study phytochemical (phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid) and antibacterial activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of triphala and its individual components ( ... | 2007 | 17273983 |
| salmonella paratyphi a liver abscess--secondary infection of an amoebic liver abscess? | liver abscess is a rare complication of both enteric fever and non-enteric salmonella infection. we present an unusual case of salmonella paratyphi a liver abscess, where secondary bacterial infection of an amoebic liver abscess was suspected. | 2007 | 17298925 |
| typhoid fever in travelers: time for reassessment. | enteric fever (ef) is the most common bacteremic disease affecting travelers to the tropics. for more than a decade, fluoroquinolones have been considered the drugs of choice for ef. however, recent reports have raised concern about fluoroquinolone resistance. treatment with ciprofloxacin failed in a traveler with salmonella paratyphi ef who had recently returned from india. treatment failed despite minimum inhibitory concentrations of fluoroquinolones within the susceptible range. further in vi ... | 2007 | 17338970 |
| [molecular typing of salmonella paratyphi a isolates from four provinces with pulse-field gel electrophoresis]. | to analyze the molecular types of salmonella paratyphi a strains isolated in the recent years, and to construct the standard s. paratyphi a databank in the laboratory surveillance network pulsenet china. | 2006 | 17343181 |
| guillain-barré syndrome associated with salmonella paratyphi a. | a 31-year-old nepali man was admitted to the intensive care unit with a 3-day history of fever associated with four-limb weakness, followed by difficulty in swallowing. the patient came from nepal 20 days before admission. on examination the patient was conscious and appeared ill, with a temperature of 38.0 degrees c. his four limbs were weak (grades 2-3) and he was areflexic with mild facial weakness and absent gag reflex. brain ct and mri were normal. cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed high p ... | 2007 | 17349738 |
| mixed salmonella infection: case report and review of the literature. | mixed infection with multiple salmonella serotypes in the same patient is an unusual finding. we present a case of enteric fever in which both salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a were isolated from the blood of a patient traveling from india. | 2007 | 17367485 |
| phytochemisty and spermatogenic potentials of aqueous extract of cissus populnea (guill. and per) stem bark. | in vivo clinical trials involving the administration of crude extracts of cissus populnea to male subjects (normospermic, oligospermic, and azoopermic) in a 72-day study revealed that continuous exposure of the subjects to the extracts over this period did not significantly (p < or = 0.05) alter sperm count, morphology, motility, or volume. antimicrobial screening of the extract against some selected microbial isolates secondarily implicated in male infertility revealed total inactivity against ... | 2006 | 17370009 |
| a sudden rise in occurrence of salmonella paratyphi a infection in rourkela orissa. | | 2007 | 17377367 |
| microbial evaluation of foodservice surfaces in texas child-care centers. | children under the age of 5 years experience a disproportionately high rate of bacterial enteric infections. research has shown a relationship between inadequate child-care center sanitation and illnesses in children. this cross-sectional study assessed the sanitation levels of foodservice surfaces in a sample of 36 texas child-care centers via recovery and identification of selected enteric gram-negative bacteria. the centers in this study had the capacity to care for 50 to 332 children and rep ... | 2007 | 17467385 |
| mixed salmonella infection - a case report. | mixed infection with multiple salmonella serotypes in the same patient is an unusual finding. we present a case of enteric fever in which the blood culture was sterile and widal test was negative. the culture of the bone marrow yielded salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a. | 2002 | 17657047 |
| diverse genome structures of salmonella paratyphi c. | salmonella paratyphi c, like s. typhi, is adapted to humans and causes typhoid fever. previously we reported different genome structures between two strains of s. paratyphi c, which suggests that s. paratyphi c might have a plastic genome (large dna segments being organized in different orders or orientations on the genome). as many but not all host-adapted salmonella pathogens have large genomic insertions as well as the supposedly resultant genomic rearrangements, bacterial genome plasticity p ... | 2007 | 17718928 |
| serodiagnosis of salmonella enterica serovar typhi and s. enterica serovars paratyphi a, b and c human infections. | the aim of this study was to evaluate an immunoassay for the detection of human serum antibodies to the lps and flagellar antigens of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a, b and c, and to the vi capsular polysaccharide of s. typhi and s. paratyphi c. a total of 330 sera were used; these originated from 15 patients who were culture-positive for s. typhi and 15 healthy controls, together with 300 sera submitted to the laboratory of enteric pathogens for salmonella serodiagnosis. by sds-page ... | 2007 | 17761477 |
| vertical transmission of salmonella paratyphi a. | neonatal enteric fever is a rare but life-threatening illness. patients may present with varying severity, salmonella enterica serotype typhi causing more severe illness than salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a. salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a is considered to cause milder infection with fewer complications. we report a rare case of vertical transmission of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a with severe complications and high mortality. even though there are case reports of v ... | 2007 | 17785907 |
| acute transverse myelitis secondary to salmonella paratyphi b infection. | acute transverse myelitis (atm) is a rare entity with an annual incidence of 4.6 per one million people. its hallmark lesions are medullary perivenular inflammation and demyelination. the parainfectious form of atm constitutes the most common subset of this entity. we report a woman with atm secondary to salmonella paratyphi b infection (paratyphoid fever) who was successfully treated with a specific parenteral antibiotic. although, the association of salmonella typhi infection and atm is very r ... | 2008 | 17906841 |
| emergence of multidrug-resistant salmonella spp. and isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in kuwait and the united arab emirates. | kuwait and united arab emirates (uae) are 2 countries with worldwide significance in the context of global epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance. the extent of drug resistance in salmonella spp. isolated from these countries was investigated by determining their susceptibility to 9 antibiotics using the e-test method. amikacin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin had excellent activities against all kuwait and uae isolates with mic(90)s ranging between 0.056 and 4.5 microg/ ... | 2008 | 17931817 |
| salmonella paratyphi spondylitis: a case report. | this is a case report of acute l3/4 vertebral osteomyelitis due to salmonella paratyphi a confirmed by culture from vertebral needle biopsy. from a review of the literature this is the first reported case with bacteriological confirmation. the rarity of salmonella paratyphi spondylitis and the options for treatment are discussed. | 2008 | 18008092 |
| active immunization with purified somatic antigens of eberthella typhosa, salmonella paratyphi, and salmonella schottmuelleri. | | 1945 | 18016184 |
| emerging trends in enteric fever in nepal: 9124 cases confirmed by blood culture 1993-2003. | this was a retrospective study in an urban hospital in kathmandu, nepal to determine the changing burden of salmonella septicaemia, the proportion of salmonella paratyphi a, and the emergence of drug-resistant organisms. the participants were outpatients and inpatients over the period 1993-2003, and the main outcome measures were blood culture isolates and antibiotic sensitivity testing. the results showed that of 82467 blood cultures performed, a bacterium was isolated from 12252. salmonella ac ... | 2008 | 18023462 |
| temporary and chronic carriers of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi b. | | 1948 | 18122185 |
| [not available]. | | 1949 | 18130051 |
| osteomyelitis caused by salmonella paratyphi (bacillus paratyphosus a). | | 1949 | 18131981 |
| multinational salmonella paratyphi b variant java (salmonella java) outbreak, august - december 2007. | | 2007 | 18179762 |
| multistate outbreak of human salmonella infections associated with exposure to turtles--united states, 2007-2008. | turtles and other reptiles have long been recognized as a source of human salmonella infections. to prevent turtle-associated salmonella infections in humans, the sale and distribution of small turtles (i.e., those with a carapace length of less than 4 inches) has been prohibited in the united states since 1975. despite this prohibition, small turtles remain available to the public from various sources, including pet shops, flea markets, street vendors, and internet websites. in october 2007, th ... | 2008 | 18219268 |
| spinal subdural haematoma: a rare complication of low-molecular-weight heparin therapy. | a 52-year-old man presented with chest pain, diarrhoea, rash, and arthritis. the use of low-molecular-weight heparin for suspected pulmonary embolism or angina led to a spinal subdural haematoma 3 days later. he was retrospectively confirmed to have salmonella paratyphi infection. the clinical presentation and management of spinal subdural haematomas, and the incidence and manifestations of reactive arthritis related to salmonella infections are briefly discussed. | 2008 | 18239247 |
| etiological agents of bacteraemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in kathmandu model hospital. | the presence of bacteria in blood is simply known as bacteraemia. the main aim of this study is to determine the bacteraemia in patients visiting kathmandu model hospital and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates with special interest on ciprofloxacin. this prospective study was carried out in microbiology laboratory, kathmandu model hospital from april 2005 to june 2005. standard procedure was followed for blood sample collection. the bacteria were isolated and identified by standard mi ... | 2007 | 18274566 |
| the tubex test detects not only typhoid-specific antibodies but also soluble antigens and whole bacteria. | tubex (idl biotech) is a 5 min semiquantitative colorimetric test for typhoid fever, a widely endemic disease. tubex detects anti-salmonella o9 antibodies from a patient's serum by the ability of these antibodies to inhibit the binding between an indicator antibody-bound particle and a magnetic antigen-bound particle. herein, we report that tubex could also be used to specifically detect soluble o9 lipopolysaccharide in antigen-spiked buffer by the ability of the antigen to inhibit the same bind ... | 2008 | 18287294 |
| laboratory-based surveillance of paratyphoid fever in the united states: travel and antimicrobial resistance. | the incidence of paratyphoid fever, including paratyphoid fever caused by antimicrobial-resistant strains, is increasing globally. however, the epidemiologic and laboratory characteristics of paratyphoid fever in the united states have never been studied. | 2008 | 18422453 |
| salmonella infections in immunocompromised adults. | clinical syndromes caused by salmonella infection in humans are divided into typhoid fever, caused by salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi, and a range of clinical syndromes, including diarrhoeal disease, caused by a large number of non-typhoidal salmonella serovars (nts). typhoid is a human-restricted and highly adapted invasive disease, but shows little association with immunocompromise. in contrast, nts have a broad vertebrate host range, epidemiology that often involves food animals, an ... | 2008 | 18474400 |
| enteric fever: a retrospective 6-year analysis of 82 paediatric cases in a teaching hospital. | to evaluate the clinical and laboratory properties, to see the response to therapy, incidence of antimicrobial resistance and complications of enteric fever in children. | 2007 | 18604016 |
| further evaluation of a multiplex pcr for differentiation of salmonella paratyphi a from other salmonellae. | salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a is a causative agent of paratyphoid fever. the clinical syndrome caused by paratyphoid fever overlaps with other febrile illnesses and cannot be distinguished from typhoid fever. conventional methods used for diagnosis are time consuming, costly, and labor-intensive. we evaluated the specificity, sensitivity, and application of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) previously developed by the method (ou, h.y., teh, c.s.j., thong, k.l., et al., j. mol ... | 2008 | 18653978 |
| [a case of salmonella paratyphi a infection in poland]. | paratyphoid fever is an acute infection caused by salmonella paratyphi a, b or c. the disease is transmitted from person to person by fecal-oral way. typical for typhoid fever are splenomegaly, bradycardia, fever, constipation or mild diarrhoea oftten associated with abdominal tenderness. we present the case of patient who was infected by salmonella paratyphi c while his travelling in asia. | 2008 | 18663912 |
| antibacterial properties of fish mucus from channa punctatus and cirrhinus mrigala. | extracts and preparations made from the animal origin were used extensively in folk and modern medicine for treating many human diseases. in the present study efforts have been made to find the antimicrobial effect of the mucus of two bottom dwelling fresh water fishes namely, channa punctatus and cirrhinus mrigala. fish mucus were tested against ten pathogenic bacteria such as escherichia coli, klebsiella oxytoca, klebsiella pneumoniae, lactobacillus vulgaris, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aer ... | 2008 | 18700685 |
| enteric fever in mumbai--clinical profile, sensitivity patterns and response to antimicrobials. | enteric fever is endemic in mumbai and its diagnosis poses several problems. our main aim was to study the clinical profile, haematological features of culture proven typhoid cases, the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates and the time to defervescence with the treatment received. | 2008 | 18702385 |
| recombinant spao and h1a as immunogens for protection of mice from lethal infection with salmonella paratyphi a: implications for rational design of typhoid fever vaccines. | the vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine is one of two vaccines against typhoid recommended worldwide and is the vaccine generally used in china. however, in recent years a salmonella paratyphi a strain that is naturally devoid of capsule has caused frequent outbreaks of typhoid fever in southern china, leading to the need for identification of additional antigens that could be incorporated into new vaccines. spao acts as a major invasion factor of salmonella enterica spp. and h1a is the unique fl ... | 2008 | 18834913 |
| intestinal obstruction and perforation due to salmonella paratyphi. | | 1948 | 18884879 |
| distribution trends of salmonella serovars in india (2001-2005). | a total of 3079 samples were received and identified at the national salmonella and escherichia centre (nsec), central research institute, kasauli, india during 2001-2005. out of these, 2098 samples were from humans, 250 from animals, and 726 from meat, vegetables, seafood and the environment. the salmonella strains isolated were distributed among 35 different salmonella serovars. the most common serovars from humans were salmonella typhi (73%) and salmonella paratyphi a (24%) among typhoidal se ... | 2009 | 18950825 |
| [pneumonia in a traveller coming back from asia]. | a case of salmonella paratyphi a infection was diagnosed late in a patient treated for febrile pneumonia after his returning from india. this case was remarkable in two aspects: first, it illustrated the reemergence of s.paratyphi a infections in people having traveled to india, with increasing fluoroquinolone resistance, and second the difficulty of diagnosing this disease, since the patient was initially treated for pneumonia and flu-like syndrome. salmonella typhi or paratyphi infections shou ... | 2008 | 18951744 |
| emergence of salmonella paratyphi a as a major cause of enteric fever: need for early detection, preventive measures, and effective vaccines. | | 2008 | 19006508 |
| vertical transmission of salmonella paratyphi a. | | 2008 | 19011811 |
| enteric fever due to salmonella paratyphi a in greece: a case report. | abstract: | 2008 | 19087343 |
| salmonella paratyphi a: an important cause of typhoid fever in ludhiana. | | 2008 | 19125543 |
| isolation of salmonella paratyphi a from renal abscess. | intrarenal abscesses remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality as well as a diagnostic dilemma because a plethora of microorganisms can cause this condition. a definitive diagnosis is made by demonstrating the organisms from the aspirate and the success or failure of therapy depends upon the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. enteric fever is a multisystem disorder caused by invasive strains of salmonella. salmonellosis continues to be a major public health problem, especially in dev ... | 2009 | 19136804 |
| minimum inhibitory concentration of carbapenems and tigecycline against salmonella spp. | antimicrobial resistance in salmonella spp. is of grave concern, more so in quinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing isolates that cause complicated infections. the mic of azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, cefixime, cefepime, ceftriaxone, gatifloxacin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem and ofloxacin (e-test strip) and tigecycline and faropenem (agar dilution) against 210 salmonella spp. was determined. mic(90) (defined as the antimicrobial concentration that inhibited ... | 2009 | 19208884 |
| salmonella paratyphi c: genetic divergence from salmonella choleraesuis and pathogenic convergence with salmonella typhi. | background: although over 1400 salmonella serovars cause usually self-limited gastroenteritis in humans, a few, e.g., salmonella typhi and s. paratyphi c, cause typhoid, a potentially fatal systemic infection. it is not known whether the typhoid agents have evolved from a common ancestor (by divergent processes) or acquired similar pathogenic traits independently (by convergent processes). comparison of different typhoid agents with non-typhoidal salmonella lineages will provide excellent models ... | 2009 | 19229335 |
| an increase in enteric fever cases due to salmonella paratyphi a in & around chandigarh. | enteric fever is a major public health problem in india. it is classically caused by salmonella enterica serotype typhi. salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a which had been reported less frequently from cases of enteric fever has shown an increasing trend since 1996 in india. there is also variation in the antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella paratyphi a from different parts of the country. an attempt is therefore made to study the rate of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility pat ... | 2009 | 19287065 |
| characterization of pathogenic and resistant genome repertoire reveals two clonal lines in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b (+)-tartrate positive. | a total of 36 contemporary human, animal, and environmental (+)-tartrate-fermenting (dt+) salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b isolates, formerly called salmonella serovar java, and five related monophasic s. enterica serovar 4,5,12:b:- isolates from belgium, germany, the netherlands, and the united kingdom were investigated for clonality and antimicrobial resistance profiles, as well as their virulence and resistance gene repertoire. two major clonal lines, which could be phenotypically diff ... | 2009 | 19292689 |
| [molecular biological and phenotypical characterization of human isolates of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b dt+ or salmonella java]. | salmonella paratyphi b dt+ (or salmonella java) is an emerging public health problem. the study objective was to characterize phenotypically and genotypically 13 human isolates from sporadic cases of infection. | 2009 | 19358450 |
| gallbladder carriage of salmonella paratyphi a may be an important factor in the increasing incidence of this infection in south asia. | | 2009 | 19380862 |
| extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamases and ampc {beta}-lactamases in ceftiofur-resistant salmonella enterica isolates from food and livestock obtained in germany during 2003-07. | detection and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) and ampc-encoding genes was conducted in german salmonella isolated from different sources from 2003 to 2007. | 2009 | 19474065 |
| detecting snps and estimating allele frequencies in clonal bacterial populations by sequencing pooled dna. | summary: here, we present a method for estimating the frequencies of snp alleles present within pooled samples of dna using high-throughput short-read sequencing. the method was tested on real data from six strains of the highly monomorphic pathogen salmonella paratyphi a, sequenced individually and in a pool. a variety of read mapping and quality-weighting procedures were tested to determine the optimal parameters, which afforded > or =80% sensitivity of snp detection and strong correlation wit ... | 2009 | 19497932 |
| [permanent deafness following typhoid fever: case report from dakar, senegal]. | severe infections due to salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi are still common in sub-saharan africa where many patients are empirically treated for malaria. in addition to the usual clinical signs and complications of typhoid fever, clinicians practicing in high incidence areas must be aware of less common manifestations. the purpose of this report is to describe a case involving an 18-year-old boy who presented with quinine-resistant febrile coma. the final diagnosis was typhoid fever. af ... | 2009 | 19499740 |
| reliable means of diagnosis and serovar determination of blood-borne salmonella strains: quick pcr amplification of unique genomic loci by novel primer sets. | typhoid fever is becoming an ever increasing threat in the developing countries. we have improved considerably upon the existing pcr-based diagnosis method by designing primers against a region that is unique to salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi a, corresponding to the sty0312 gene in s. typhi and its homolog spa2476 in s. paratyphi a. an additional set of primers amplify another region in s. typhi ct18 and s. typhi ty2 co ... | 2009 | 19535522 |
| identification and distribution of accessory genome dna sequences from an invasive african isolate of salmonella heidelberg. | nontyphoidal salmonellae (nts) are a leading cause of invasive disease in young children in sub-saharan africa. we used suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) to identify 41 sequences within the accessory genome of an invasive strain of salmonella heidelberg from malawi. pcr assays and database searches, used to determine the distribution of 14 ssh sequences among a panel of african and uk nts isolates and published genomes, indicated that two were specific for s. heidelberg. however, we fo ... | 2009 | 19594621 |
| [epidemiological and etiological characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in ningbo during 1988 - 2007]. | to study the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in high epidemic areas. | 2009 | 19642380 |
| disseminated salmonella paratyphi infection in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with infliximab. | anti-tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha treatments are immunosuppressant and represent an important risk factor for developing infections. we report a case of salmonella paratyphi bacteraemia associated with soft tissue infection in a patient who used infliximab and had recently travelled to india. this case report provides supporting evidence, essentially based only on case reports, that patients receiving anti-tnf-alpha treatments have an increased susceptibility to salmonella infections, whic ... | 2010 | 19723134 |
| treatment of enteric fever. | enteric fever is systemic illness caused by salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a, b and c. it is believed to be a readily treatable illness by many clinicians in the developing world where it is endemic; however, with the emergence of drug resistance to fluoroquinolones, treatment is becoming increasingly difficult. while drugs such as cefixime, previously believed to be effective, have been proven otherwise, new agents such as gatifloxacin and azithromycin have proven to be promising. re ... | 2008 | 19745518 |
| decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in mutants of salmonella serovars other than typhimurium: detection of novel mutations involved in modulated expression of rama and soxs. | mutants of five salmonella enterica serovars were investigated for structural changes in regulatory regions known to be involved in the up-regulation of efflux pumps. | 2009 | 19778917 |
| ten years experience of salmonella infections in cambridge, uk. | review of all salmonella infections diagnosed in the cambridge area over 10 years. | 2010 | 19819256 |
| multistate outbreak of salmonella infections associated with small turtle exposure, 2007-2008. | turtle-associated salmonellosis was increasingly recognized in the united states during the 1960s, leading to a federal ban in 1975 on the sale of turtles <4 inches in carapace length (small turtles). although sporadic reports of turtle-associated salmonella are frequent, outbreaks are rare. in september 2007, several patients with salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi b var java infections reported recent turtle exposure. we conducted an investigation to determine the source and extent of the ... | 2009 | 19841114 |
| high-dose intravenous dexamethasone in the management of diarrheal patients with enteric fever and encephalopathy. | we conducted a retrospective chart analysis of diarrheal patients with enteric fever and encephalopathy (among survivors and non-survivors) to examine the role of high-dose, intravenous dexamethasone as an adjunct to appropriate antimicrobial therapy in their management. we studied all patients admitted to the special care ward (scw) of dhaka hospital between october 2006 and october 2007 with a diagnosis of encephalopathy in association with enteric fever. twenty-three cases were identified wit ... | 2009 | 19842390 |
| salmonella serotype distribution in the dutch broiler supply chain. | salmonella serotype distribution can give insight in contamination routes and persistence along a production chain. therefore, it is important to determine not only salmonella prevalence but also to specify the serotypes involved at the different stages of the supply chain. for this purpose, data from a national monitoring program in the netherlands were used to estimate the serotype distribution and to determine whether this distribution differs for the available sampling points in the broiler ... | 2009 | 19903970 |
| emerging salmonella paratyphi a enteric fever and changing trends in antimicrobial resistance pattern of salmonella in shimla. | this retrospective study incorporates a six years, six months (january 2000-june 2006) laboratory data comprising 258 isolates of salmonella. cultures were identified by standard methods. salmonella enterica serotype typhi (s.typhi) was the more frequent serotype isolated i.e., 61.62% with the remaining 38.37% being salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a (s. paratyphi a). there was emergence of s. paratyphi a as the predominant serotype in 2003-2004 with resurgence of serotype typhi thereon. a ... | 2010 | 20061765 |
| chronic subdural empyema and cranial vault osteomyelitis due to salmonella paratyphi a. | intracranial infections, especially subdural empyema, due to salmonella are rare. subdural empyema caused by salmonella paratyphi a has been documented only once earlier in the literature. hence, we report a case of subdural empyema and osteomyelitis of cranial vault due to s. paratyphi a. a 42- year-old male presented with headache and purulent discharge from right parietal burr hole wound site. patient gave a history of head injury two years ago. he underwent burr hole evacuation of chronic su ... | 2010 | 20061768 |
| conservative management of isolated splenic abscess in children. | isolated splenic abscesses (sas) are rare in children. we report a single-center experience with emphasis on their diagnosis, etiology, treatment, and outcome. | 2010 | 20152354 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of crude extracts from plants bryophyllum pinnatum and kalanchoe crenata. | extracts from the leaves of bryophyllum pinnatum and kalanchoe crenata were screened for their antimicrobial activities. solvents used included water, methanol, and local solvents such as palmwine, local gin (seaman's schnapps 40% alcoholic drink,) and "omi ekan-ogi" (sour water from 3 days fermented milled maize). leaves were dried and powdered before being soaked in solvents for 3 days. another traditional method of extraction by squeezing raw juice from the leaves was also employed. all extra ... | 2007 | 20161897 |
| evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of different parts of citrus aurantifolia (lime fruit) as used locally. | we investigated the potency of citrus aurantifolia (lime fruit), against pathogens, in the different forms in which this fruit plant is used locally (juice of the fruit, burnt rind of the fruit commonly known as "epa-ijebu" in the yoruba dialect) and the oil obtained from steam distillation of the fruit. the antimicrobial activity of "epa-ijebu" in different solvents was also compared. the solvents include palm-wine (a local alcoholic drink tapped from palm trees), seaman's schnapps 40% alcoholi ... | 2006 | 20162090 |
| burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in a densely populated urban community, dhaka, bangladesh. | we conducted blood culture surveillance to estimate the incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever among urban slum residents in dhaka, bangladesh. | 2010 | 20236850 |
| [not available]. | | 1946 | 20238837 |
| a case of enteric fever caused by salm. paratyphi a. | | 1947 | 20265985 |
| simple liver cyst as a focus of salmonella paratyphi abscess: a case report. | salmonellosis, endemic in various part of the world, is considered a differential diagnosis in a tropical traveller. although it usually presents as gastroenteritis, its various clinical syndromes may vary from mild gastroenteritis to severe septicaemia including abscess formation, the later two being the most common cause of morbidity and mortality. here we present a patient who returned to the uk after an overseas trip and was diagnosed with a pyogenic liver abscess with salmonella paratyphi a ... | 2009 | 20309421 |
| the growth of colpidium colpoda on strains of the bacterium, salmonella paratyphi a. | | 1946 | 20341486 |
| bone marrow culture vs. blood culture in fuo. | bone marrow culture is considered superior to blood culture in evaluation of fuo. the aim of this study was to compare the usefulness of these two cultures. | 2009 | 20387354 |
| screening of antibacterial potentials of some medicinal plants from melghat forest in india. | cyperus rotundus, caesalpinia bonducella, tinospora cordifolia, gardenia gummifera, ailanthus excelsa, acacia arabica, embelia ribes and ventilago maderspatana from melghat forest were screened for their antibacterial potential against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus vulgaris, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, salmonella paratyphi, salmonella typhimurium, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter aerogenes by disc diffusion method. out of these medicinal pla ... | 2009 | 20448847 |
| a multiplex single nucleotide polymorphism typing assay for detecting mutations that result in decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a. | decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones has become a major problem for the successful therapy of human infections caused by salmonella enterica, especially the life-threatening typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. | 2010 | 20511368 |
| conjugate vaccines for enteric fever: proceedings of a meeting organized in new delhi, india in 2009. | enteric fever is responsible for significant morbidity in south asia and high prevalence of severe disease is seen in children under two years of age. effective typhoid vaccines are available, but they cannot be used for children under two years of age and also have some limitations in older age groups. participants supported development of a salmonella typhi conjugate vaccine able to induce effective, long-lasting immunity in young children. the role of salmonella paratyphi a as a cause of ente ... | 2010 | 20601795 |
| enteric fever: a travel medicine oriented view. | enteric fever continues to be an important infection among populations in endemic countries and among travelers to these areas. this review aims to describe recent epidemiological trends and developments in diagnosis, treatment and prevention. | 2010 | 20613510 |
| an uncommon complication of salmonella paratyphi a infection. | | 2010 | 20645547 |
| the original blood group pioneers: the hirszfelds. | ludwik hirszfeld, together with his wife hanka, was the first to study the blood groups in large numbers of subjects (soldiers) during world war i at the macedonian front. they found significant differences in the distribution of the abo blood groups, that is, type a was more common in soldiers from north central europe, whereas type b was more common in those from eastern europe. their data were later (in the 1920s and 1930s) misused by german nationalists to support the concept of aryan suprem ... | 2010 | 20656191 |
| antibacterial effects of goat and chicken heart tissues against human pathogenic bacteria. | the crude buffer (tris buffer saline-i) extracts of muscles, liver, kidney and heart of goat and chicken (white leghorn) were screened against 16 clinical isolates. among the five tissues, the heart tissue of each animal showed significant bactericidal activities on many isolates. the acid extracted crude proteins of both heart tissues also showed significant antibacterial activities against many bacterial isolates. the crude proteins of goat heart tissues displayed strong bactericidal activitie ... | 2010 | 20726340 |
| an outbreak of salmonella paratyphi a in a boarding school: a community-acquired enteric fever and carriage investigation. | salmonella paratyphi a (spa) is rapidly becoming a common cause of enteric fever in south east asia. a large outbreak of spa occurred in a boarding middle school in china in 2004. there were 394 suspected cases; 95·5% were students. the highest incidence was in the youngest children (7th grade). forty-four of 151 (29%) blood cultures and 4/54 (7·4%) rectal swabs were positive for spa; three were from kitchen workers. the geometric mean levels of serum igg anti-lipopolysaccharide (anti-lps) from ... | 2010 | 20800009 |
| trends and disease burden of enteric fever in guangxi province, china, 1994-2004. | to determine the burden of enteric fever through trends in morbidity and mortality, bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance in guangxi, a southern, subtropical, coastal province of china with a disproportionally large burden of enteric fever. | 2010 | 20865074 |
| [bacteriological diagnosis of intestinal infections; a new variety of b. paratyphi a]. | | 1945 | 20984520 |
| meningitis due to salm. paratyphi c. | | 1946 | 21003094 |
| studies on the isolation of bact. typhosum and bact. paratyphosum b. | | 1945 | 21006731 |
| intestinal perforation in paratyphoid due to salmonella paratyphi b. | | 1946 | 21019994 |
| the influence of temperature on the adaptation of tetrathionase in washed suspensions of bact. paratyphosum b. | | 1945 | 21027117 |
| an uncommon complication of salmonella paratyphi a infection. | | 2010 | 21033312 |
| incidence of typhoid bacteremia in infants and young children in southern coastal pakistan. | the burden of typhoid fever in preschool children is not well recognized. the purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of typhoid bacteremia in pakistani children <5 years of age, with a focus on children younger than 2 years of age. this will help to inform prevention policies in highly endemic countries. | 2010 | 21046701 |
| [antibacterial antibodies in human immunoglobulins and sera: past and present]. | to measure levels of several types of antibacterial antibodies in preparations of normal human immunoglobulin as well as in samples of donor sera obtained in 1965 and 2009. | 2010 | 21061576 |
| [multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of salmonella paratyphi a isolates from 2000 to 2008, china]. | to analyze molecular and evolution characteristics of salmonella paratyphi a isolates from 2000 to 2008, china. | 2010 | 21092625 |
| the burden of vaccine-preventable invasive bacterial infections and pneumonia in children admitted to hospital in urban nepal. | protein-polysaccharide vaccines have made a significant impact on the burden of disease caused by encapsulated bacteria such as streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, neisseria meningitidis, and have the potential to do so for salmonella typhi. nepal is one of many resource-poor nations with limited information on the epidemiology of childhood infections caused by these pathogens. | 2010 | 21123100 |