Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| graft-induced polyclonal activation of b cells. ii. humoral response of renal allograft recipients (rar). | ig production by peripheral blood lymphocytes of renal allograft recipients was studied. it was demonstrated that lymphocytes of patients with acute graft rejection produce elevated numbers of pfc in culture in response to pwm (a t-cell dependent stimulus) and salmonella paratyphi b (a t-cell independent stimulus) as well as spontaneously. pfc responses were significantly higher in patients with acute rejection than in a group of patients with stable graft function. the b cells of the recipients ... | 1987 | 3334005 |
| severe rectal bleeding due to salmonella paratyphi b. | 1987 | 3113542 | |
| control of typhoid fever in bangkok, thailand, by annual immunization of schoolchildren with parenteral typhoid vaccine. | the number of cases of typhoid fever in bangkok, thailand, began to increase sharply in 1974 and peaked in 1976. in 1977, as part of a national typhoid immunization program, thai schoolchildren aged seven to 12 years began to receive annually a single 0.25-ml subcutaneous dose (2.5 x 10(8) organisms) of a heat/phenol-inactivated typhoid vaccine. isolations of salmonella typhi in bangkok decreased from 880 (4.6% of all blood cultures) in 1976 to 54 (0.3% of all blood cultures) in 1985. the case r ... | 1987 | 3438648 |
| [prevalence of lysotype no. 3 of salmonella paratyphi a in peru]. | sixty-nine s. paratyphi a strains isolated from peru were studied with the aid of the phage-typing system of banker. 55 strains (79.7%) showed specific lytic reactions of the phage-type no 3 and 12 strains (17.3%) those of the phage-type no 1; one strain was atypical and another untypable. all of these strains were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim. these results are compared with the data of the scientific literature on the worldwide distrib ... | 1987 | 3621392 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of salmonella typhi protein antigen. | a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was designed for the detection of salmonella typhi protein antigen. the optimal concentration of antibody for coating the plate was found to be 50 micrograms/ml. the optimum conditions for antibody coating and antigen and conjugate incubation were 37 degrees c for 3 h, 37 degrees c for 2 h, and 4 degrees c overnight, respectively. the enzyme-substrate reaction was allowed to take place at 30 degrees c for 1 h. the established e ... | 1987 | 3818924 |
| [d-tartrate-positive salmonella paratyphi b (var. java): lysotype of 1200 strains isolated in france (1975-1985)]. | the 1200 d-tartrate positive (dt+) strains of s. paratyphi b, isolated in france during the period 1975-1985, were studied with the aid of the felix and callow phage-typing system and the results were compared with those of the study of 1945 d-tartrate negative (dt-) strains of s. paratyphi b examined by means of the same phage-typing method. 2359 dt+ and dt- strains were typable and could be assigned to 25 recognized phage-types. a great variation in the number of strains of each biovar was obs ... | 1988 | 3407364 |
| distribution of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi b phage types in italy from 1974 through 1985. | the temporal changes in occurrence and distribution in salmonella typhi and paratyphi b phage types in italy during a twelve year period are considered. from 1974 to 1985, 2.075 isolates of salmonella typhi and 830 isolates of salmonella paratyphi b were phage typed at the national centre for enterobacteria in rome and the three regional centres for enterobacteria in milan, palermo and pisa. the most prevalent types of salmonella typhi were a, c1, d1, vi degraded strains e1, i+iv and c4. types a ... | 1988 | 3127661 |
| some properties of serratia marcescens, salmonella paratyphi a, and enterobacter cloacae with non-enzyme-dependent multiple resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, and quinolones. | non-enzyme-dependent multiple-drug resistance occurs preferentially in some genera of enterobacteriaceae, such as serratia, klebsiella, enterobacter, and salmonella. susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, quinolones, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol may be affected in various combinations in different mutants. proteins from the outer and inner membranes and lipopolysaccharides may be altered concomitantly. although porin alterations have been observed in all resistant mutan ... | 1988 | 3055181 |
| mutation of salmonella paratyphi a conferring cross-resistance to several groups of antibiotics by decreased permeability and loss of invasiveness. | a spontaneous one-step mutant of salmonella paratyphi a selected on ampicillin showed cross-resistance to all beta-lactam antibiotics except imipenem and to aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and quinolones. it also grew as small colonies. examination of the cell envelope of the mutant showed a quantitative decrease in three major outer membrane proteins of 40.6, 39.6 (presumably porins), and 24 kilodaltons and quantitative as well as qualitative modifications in the l ... | 1988 | 3364943 |
| impairment of in vitro natural antibacterial activity in hiv-infected patients. | circulating pbmc of healthy subjects possess an in vitro natural antibacterial (na) against enteropathogenic bacteria, including salmonella species. the effector cell of na activity is a cd: 4+, 8-, leu-8/tq-1+ t lymphocyte acting against bacteria via cytophylic iga in a mechanism similar to antibody-dependent cellular activity. because aids is a profound immunodeficiency caused by hiv involving primarily cd4 lymphocytes and in particular the leu-8/tq-1 subset, it was of interest to assess na ac ... | 1988 | 3262664 |
| evaluation of the mini-id enterobacteriaceae screen system. | a total of 932 typical and atypical enteric fermenters were used to evaluate the mini-id enterobacteriaceae screen/identification system. at 4 h, final identifications were available for only 13.3%, but an additional 71% were screened into the correct group, according to the product's database. at 24 h, 58.8% were correctly identified to the species level, often with the use of an additional tube. when 118 of the cultures were arranged into a weighted assortment, as might be found in a clinical ... | 1988 | 3068253 |
| in vitro and clinical evaluation of ofloxacin in urinary tract infection and enteric fever. | during 1984 to 1988, 35 patients with urinary tract infection (uti) and 37 patients with enteric fever were treated successfully with 400 mg ofloxacin twice a day for 7 to 10 days. clinical cure or improvement was observed in 31 of the 35 patients with uti; 32 patients were bacteriologically assessed and eradication was achieved in all of them. ofloxacin was particularly effective in the treatment of enteric fever in 35 patients; eradication was achieved in all of them; 34 patients were clinical ... | 1988 | 3266853 |
| types of salmonella paratyphi b and their phylogenetic significance. | the substrates inositol, rhamnose, d-tartrate and m-tartrate used in fermentation tests with 338 cultures of salmonella paratyphi b differentiated strains in some phage types to give information that could be used in epidemiological investigations. xylose in bitter's medium, the fifth substrate by which 13 of a potential 32 biotypes were identified, differentiated few cultures with the negative character. the possession of a specific type of outer-membrane protein receptor for colicin m or bacte ... | 1988 | 2456390 |
| o-antigen variation in salmonella spp.: rfb gene clusters of three strains. | the o antigens of salmonella serogroups a, b, and d differ structurally in their side-chain sugar residue. these genes encoding o-antigen biosynthesis are clustered in the rfb operon. we report here the molecular cloning and analysis of the rfb operons of salmonella paratyphi a (serogroup a) and s. typhi (serogroup d). the regions of dna nonhomology between the rfb operons of these serogroup a, b, and d representatives are identified, and the evolutionary derivation of serogroup a from a serogro ... | 1988 | 2447059 |
| detection with monoclonal antibody of salmonella typhi antigen 9 in specimens from patients. | monoclonal antibodies were raised against barber antigen (ba) of salmonella typhi 0901. antibodies produced to antigen 9 of group d salmonellae were used in double- and triple-sandwich antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for detecting antigen 9 in urine and plasma specimens from three groups of patients and 49 controls. the triple-antibody elisa detected the antigen in urine samples from 11 of 18 (65%) patients with hemoculture-proven typhoid (group 1) and 12 of 39 (31%) patient ... | 1988 | 3183027 |
| monoclonal antibodies delineate multiple epitopes on the o antigens of salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide. | fifteen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against salmonella typhi were produced and characterized. the specificities of the antibodies were determined by their binding patterns in an enzyme immunoassay, with a panel of lipopolysaccharides isolated from different bacteria. seven mabs reacted with s. typhi, salmonella enteritidis, and salmonella dublin (all belonging to serogroup d). one mab also reacted with salmonella paratyphi a and s. paratyphi b. five mabs reacted with s. typhi, s. enter ... | 1988 | 2466868 |
| [clinical studies on patients with legal communicable diseases encountered from 1981 to 1986]. | patients with legal communicable diseases admitted to kawasaki municipal hospital between 1981 and 1986 were studied. ages of patients were over 15 year-old. during this period 115 patients were admitted. out of these patients 84 had shigellosis, and 9 had amebiasis. out of 20 salmonellosis, 18 were due to salmonella typhi and 2 were due to salmonella paratyphi-a, respectively. two were admitted because of cholera. out of the patients with shigellosis, 27 were domestic and 57 were foreign infect ... | 1989 | 2504839 |
| [antibiotics used for paratyphi b infections resistant to classical treatment and the results of their use]. | salmonella paratyphi b is a pathogenic agent causing outbreaks and keeping epidemiologic importance. the classical treatment of this disease is made by ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole in resistant strain. the resistant strains tends to cause a treatment problem. we report treatment and antibiogram results of 48 patients exactly diagnosed as paratyphi b infection by clinic and laboratory evaluation. these patients came to pediatric clinic of erzincan state hospital from erzincan t ... | 1989 | 2516600 |
| numerical index of the discriminatory ability of biotyping for strains of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella paratyphi b. | an index of discrimination was used to assess the discriminatory power of biotyping for salmonellas of selected serotypes. three collections of phage-typed strains of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella paratyphi b, previously tested for biotype, were examined. the results established that the discrimination index was high when full biotyping alone was used for differentiation of strains from international series. when biotyping was combined with phage typing, the discrimination achieved was g ... | 1989 | 2691264 |
| isolation of salmonella paratyphi a from thyroid abscess--a case report. | s. paratyphi a isolated from aberrant site i.e. thyroid abscess which is an unusual manifestation of focal salmonella infection. it is reported for its rare complications. | 1989 | 2504670 |
| characterization of the salmonella paratyphi c vi polysaccharide. | the vi capsular polysaccharide (vi) is both a virulence factor and a protective antigen of salmonella typhi; its pathogenic role for salmonella paratyphi c is less well understood. we found no differences between the antigenic and immunogenic properties and the structure of the vi from representative strains of s. paratyphi c, s. typhi, and citrobacter freundii. there were, however, differences in both the amount produced per cell and the degree of association with the cell among the vi from the ... | 1989 | 2506132 |
| an outbreak of paratyphoid fever in the uk associated with a fish-and-chip shop. | an outbreak of salmonella paratyphi b infection in the uk associated with a fish-and-chip shop is reported. the source of infection for the first three cases was believed to be a food handler who was infected overseas 6 years earlier. his wife whose faeces and urine were originally culture negative continued to run the shop but subsequently her faeces became positive on one occasion. she was considered to have been the source of two further cases, and secondary household spread of infection from ... | 1989 | 2514109 |
| [sternocostoclavicular osteoarthritis]. | on observation of a case of infectious osteoarthritis which was remarkable both because of its site, the sternoclavicular joint, and of the germ involved, which was salmonella paratyphi a is reported. | 1989 | 2516129 |
| paratyphoid fever presenting with renal failure and nephrotic syndrome. | a previously healthy 39-year-old woman had a short, febrile illness that culminated in severe, acute renal failure in association with features of the nephrotic syndrome. salmonella paratyphi b was isolated from her blood and stool. treatment with chloramphenicol, dialysis, heparin and steroids was followed by gradual but complete recovery. paratyphoid is usually more benign than typhoid fever, but is not without danger and may be complicated by potentially fatal renal disease. | 1989 | 2517555 |
| [veterinary aspects of zoonose-related diseases in humans]. | the paper presents the possibilities, difficulties and inabilities of veterinary medicine in the prophylaxis of zoonotic diseases in humans. with reference to this, the author characterized salmonella paratyphi induced alimentary toxicon-infections, q fever and chlamydiosis. the article also discusses current views on some neoplastic diseases in animals and their possible transmission to humans. | 1989 | 2510217 |
| genetic population structure, clonal phylogeny, and pathogenicity of salmonella paratyphi b. | genetic diversity and relationships among 123 strains of salmonella paratyphi b (serotype 1,4,[5],12:b:[1,2]) were estimated from an assessment of electrophoretically demonstrable allelic variation at 24 chromosomal enzyme gene loci. fourteen electrophoretic types, marking clones, were distinguished, the phylogeny of the clonal lineages was reconstructed, and biotype and other phenotypic characters were mapped onto this structure. most d-tartrate-negative strains are members of an abundant, glob ... | 1990 | 2341183 |
| lytic effect of vibrio cholerae elastase on gram-positive and -negative bacteria. | elastase of vibrio cholerae caused the lysis of freshly grown cells of gram-negative (pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus vulgaris, salmonella paratyphi a and klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria. gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus and s. epidermidis) organisms were resistant to this enzyme. heat killed and lyophilized gram-positive and -negative bacteria (except s. aureus and s. epidermidis) showed higher sensitivity to elastase. both gram-negative and -positive bacteria were lyzed maximally by elasta ... | 1990 | 2210489 |
| treatment of salmonella paratyphi a infection with oral ofloxacin. | a patient with paratyphoid fever relapsed bacteriologically during the treatment with chloramphenicol, and was treated with daily doses of 600 to 800 mg of ofloxacin for 14 days. salmonella paratyphi a was eradicated. ofloxacin appears to be an effective drug for the eradication of s. paratyphi a. | 1990 | 2125669 |
| the effect of oral and parenteral typhoid vaccination on the rate of infection with salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a among foreigners in nepal. | we studied the incidence of enteric fever among travelers and foreign residents who attended an expatriate clinic in kathmandu, nepal, from february 1987 to june 1988. there were 42 cases of enteric fever; 20 were caused by salmonella typhi and 22 by salmonella paratyphi a. among 18 unvaccinated foreigners who had enteric fever, s typhi was isolated from 67%, and s paratyphi a from 33%, a ratio similar to the local nepalese population. among 22 vaccinated foreigners, s typhi was isolated from 35 ... | 1990 | 2105702 |
| [diarrhea acquired abroad--traveller's diarrhea. admissions to medical department c, odense hospital, during the period 1977-1988]. | a total of 106 out of 267 patients admitted with acute gastroenteritis to medical department c, odense hospital, during the period 1977-1988 had acquired the condition abroad. this group was investigated retrospectively. during the period of investigation, the number of patients with "traveller's diarrhoea" increased but compurized constantly approximately 40% of the patients admitted with acute gastroenteritis. the patients were investigated routinely for pathogenic intestinal bacteria and para ... | 1990 | 2219516 |
| quinolone antibiotics in the treatment of salmonella infections. | the 4-fluoroquinolones are a new class of antimicrobial agents that possess broad in vitro antibacterial activity, including efficacy against enteric pathogens such as salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, yersinia, and vibrio species. these drugs are clinically effective against both drug-sensitive and multiresistant strains of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi that cause enteric fever. in salmonella enterocolitis, the quinolones--unlike older antimicrobial agents that may have little im ... | 1990 | 2237130 |
| production of specific monoclonal antibodies to salmonella typhi flagellin and possible application to immunodiagnosis of typhoid fever. | four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to salmonella typhi flagellin were produced. these mabs did not react with eight other enterobacterial strains tested: salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium, salmonella paratyphi a, escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei, yersinia enterocolitica, and campylobacter jejuni. all four mabs cross-reacted with salmonella muenchen flagellin indicating specificity for d antigenic flagellar epitope. one mab (c4) was selected to develop a dou ... | 1990 | 2295860 |
| growth inhibition of selected food-borne bacteria, particularly listeria monocytogenes, by plant extracts. | six extracts from chinese medicinal plants: tin men chu, sey lau pai, siu mao heung, bak tao yung, kam chin chiu and liao ya, were tested for their inhibitory effect on selected food-borne bacteria by the well assay technique. among them, tin men chu, siu mao heung and sey lau pai inhibited the growth of staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumonia, escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, streptococcus faecalis, salmonella paratyphi, salm. enteritidis, enterobacter aerogenes, pseudomonas fluorescens ... | 1990 | 2127264 |
| association between the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and infection with salmonella typhi or salmonella paratyphi in an endemic typhoid area. | eight cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever were identified during a 4-year period in a cohort of 117 patients who were positive for human immunodeficiency virus in lima, peru. asymptomatic patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and patients with the lymphadenopathy syndrome had a typical clinical presentation and response to therapy. patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who were culture positive for salmonella typhi or salmonella paratyphi presented with fulminant ... | 1991 | 1899554 |
| [salmonella paratyphi a urinary infection in schistosoma mansoni bilharziasis]. | the authors report a case of urinary tract infection caused by salmonella paratyphi a in a patient with schistosoma mansoni bilharziasis and describe the symbiotic relationship between these two micro-organisms. the association was not fortuitous: schistosomes behave as reservoirs of bacteria and can cause bacterial discharges followed by a long carrying period. | 1991 | 1906630 |
| how long should patients with salmonella typhi or salmonella paratyphi be followed-up? a comparison of published guidelines. | records were examined for 242 individuals infected with salmonella typhi or s. paratyphi identified in birmingham between 1981 and 1988, with a total of 335 person years of follow-up. of these cases 77 and 78 per cent respectively were followed beyond the point at which surveillance would have ceased under guidelines published by the american public health association and by the public health laboratory service for england and wales. under these two sets of guidelines only seven (3.8 per cent) a ... | 1991 | 1906719 |
| the widal test in a normal healthy population in the sudan. | the widal test was performed in 114 normal individuals from the gezira area in sudan. salmonella typhi o agglutinins were found at a titre of 1.320 in 12 (10.5%) of them. salmonella paratyphi a agglutinins were found at 1.160 in 5 (4.3%) and salmonella paratyphi b "o" agglutinins were found in 6 (5.3%) at a titre of 1.160. none of these individuals had a history of typhoid fever or vaccination with tab vaccine. the following points emerged: (i) normal healthy people in the sudan have high antibo ... | 1991 | 1914976 |
| use of rambach propylene glycol containing agar for identification of salmonella spp. | when grown on rambach propylene glycol containing agar (rambach agar), 216 of 230 (93.9%) salmonella organisms isolated from patients and 54 of 62 (87.1%) salmonella stock cultures produced a crimson-colored growth. of the 14 clinical salmonella isolates which displayed colors other than crimson, 8 were salmonella typhi, 2 were salmonella paratyphi a, and 4 belonged to other commonly isolated serotypes. all eight salmonella stock cultures which failed to produce a crimson color belonged to rarel ... | 1991 | 1939598 |
| bile duct carcinoma in egypt: possible etiological factors. | contrary to an old belief, bile duct carcinoma is not a rare disorder in egypt. among 730 patients referred for an ercp examination, twenty-nine consecutive patients were diagnosed as having bile duct carcinoma. the cause of this type of carcinoma remains unknown. in the present study, only seven of the 29 (24.1%) with bile duct carcinoma patients had associated gallstones. in order to investigate the possible association between typhoid carrier state and bile duct carcinoma, stool cultures were ... | 1991 | 1657750 |
| oral immunisation against typhoid fever in indonesia with ty21a vaccine. | when tested under conditions of moderate transmission of typhoid fever, a liquid formulation of the oral typhoid fever vaccine ty21a had a protective efficacy of 96% in egypt, and an enteric coated capsule formulation had an efficacy of 67% in chile. we compared the two formulations under conditions of intense transmission of typhoid fever in indonesia in a randomised, double-blind trial. 20,543 subjects (age range 3-44 years) received either three doses of enteric coated capsules containing pla ... | 1991 | 1681365 |
| salmonella neck abscess associated with jugular vein thrombosis. | an unusual case of synergistic infection caused by salmonella paratyphi and anaerobic streptococcus resulting in necrotizing cervical infection associated with deep neck abscess and internal jugular vein thrombosis, is presented. salmonella acting as an oxygen consumer in the infected tissues, facilitates the growth of anaerobic cocci, hence the development of a devastating soft tissue infection. the precipitating cause was a tonsillar infection developing due to 'post-anginal sepsis'. the aetio ... | 1991 | 1761958 |
| characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies against serogroup b salmonellae and application as serotyping reagents. | six murine hybridoma monoclonal antibodies reactive with lipopolysaccharide antigens of salmonella typhimurium were obtained from a fusion of immune spleen cells from mice immunized with s. typhimurium and ns1 myeloma cells. four antibodies appeared to be specific for serogroup b salmonellae, while the remaining two antibodies were found to be cross-reactive with salmonella paratyphi a. the exquisite specificities of the salmonella serogroup b monoclonal antibodies were demonstrated by their uni ... | 1991 | 1774314 |
| [ofloxacin in the treatment of infection caused by salmonella paratyphi a]. | we reported a case of salmonellosis treated with ofloxacin (oflx) which showed excellent clinical and bacteriological effect in a 22 year-old japanese male with salmonellosis paratyphi a. he had stayed in india from sept. 6, 1990 to oct. 13, 1990. on oct. 25, 1990, he complained of a high fever and headache. on oct. 29, he was admitted to our hospital and was diagnosed as salmonellosis paratyphi a by the blood culture. he was treated with 2.0 g/day of chloramphenicol (cp) for 7 days, but the cli ... | 1991 | 1791334 |
| salmonella phage types in bombay from 1983 to 1987. | a total of 156 strains of salmonella isolated at t.n. medical college and b.y.l. nair ch. hospital, bombay over a period of 5 years from 1983 to 1987 were subjected to phage typing. out of the 111 salmonella typhi strains, phage type a was found in highest proportion (45.95%), followed by phage type e1 (15.32%), 0(9.91%), deg. vi. (9.91%) and c5(5.41%). salmonella paratyphi a had phage type pattern of 1(60.0%), 2(22.86%) and untypable (14.29%). majority of the salmonella typhimurium isolates (90 ... | 1991 | 1794901 |
| study on the ph of ogi, nigerian fermented weaning food, and its effect on enteropathogenic escherichia coli, salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi. | the ph values of both cooked and uncooked ogi samples were determined and the survival of nalidixic acid-resistant enteropathogenic escherichia coli ob 26 34/20, salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a when seeded into cooked ogi were studied. the ph values of ogi ranged from ph 3.0 to 3.9. cooked ogi had a slightly lower ph value than uncooked ogi. our survival experiments showed that the inoculated enteric pathogens were considerably inhibited in cooked ogi during storage for 24 h. the ant ... | 1991 | 1880821 |
| research note: incidence, number, and serotypes of salmonella on frozen broiler chickens at retail. | two similar trials were conducted to evaluate broiler carcasses at retail for incidence, number, and serotypes of salmonellae. twelve frozen carcasses were purchased from each of three retail outlets on two sampling days. two of the brands purchased were produced and processed conventionally, but the third brand was produced and processed under organic conditions. the frozen carcasses were tempered to 4.4 c prior to microbiological sampling. all carcasses were sampled using a mechanical shaker a ... | 1991 | 1886849 |
| present phage types and antibiotic susceptibility of salmonellae. | a total of 168 strains of salmonella were isolated in the command pathology laboratory (wc) delhi cantt during the year 1990. out of this, 143 were salmonella typhi, 17 salmonella paratyphi a, 7 salmonella typhimurium and 1 salmonella manhattan. the commonest phage type and biotype of salmonella typhi was type e1 and type 1 respectively. the dominant biotype of salmonella paratyphi a was type i. there was a very high degree of multidrug resistance of most of the strains. but all the strains were ... | 1992 | 1344225 |
| [survival of salmonella paratyphi b and pseudomonas aeruginosa in seawater after incubation or washing in the presence of osmolytes]. | the authors have compared the survival in seawater of salmonella paratyphi b and pseudomonas aeruginosa cells grown at low or high osmolarity, in the presence of organic osmolytes: glycine betaine, choline, proline, and glutamate. the four substrates enhanced the survival potential of s. paratyphi b while only glycine betaine protected p. aeruginosa. in addition only s. paratyphi b cells were more resistant after a preliminary growth at high osmolarity. both bacteria were sensitive to osmotic do ... | 1992 | 1356607 |
| eradication of a multiple drug resistant salmonella paratyphi a causing meningitis with ciprofloxacin. | a previously healthy breast-fed baby was admitted at 10 days of age to a hospital in the north of pakistan with diarrhoea and fever. he was treated for suspected sepsis with intravenous cefotaxime and tobramycin. cultures of blood and faeces at that time proved negative. at 12 days of age, seizures began and examination of csf revealed evidence of pyogenic meningitis but bacteria were neither seen microscopically nor isolated in culture. ceftazidime was substituted for cefotaxime and carbenicill ... | 1992 | 1431177 |
| [changes in culture and biochemical characteristics of salmonella paratyphi b after incubation in seawater]. | after incubation in seawater salmonella paratyphi b cells rapidly became unable to grow on bacteriological media. previous adaptation to high osmolarity conditions greatly slowed down this process. strains isolated from seawater microcosms after varying incubation periods were qualitatively different and showed changes in some of their growth (colony shape and size) and biochemical properties (acidification of some sugars, gelatinase activity, acetoin production, nitrate reduction). because of t ... | 1992 | 1458377 |
| [outbreak of paratyphoid fever among peruvian naval personnel]. | a retrospective epidemiological study was conducted in connection with an outbreak of paratyphoid fever at a peruvian naval installation in callao. the study sought to determine the magnitude of the outbreak, the source of infection, the attack rates, the persistence of bacilli excretion, and the clinical picture of the disease. the source of salmonella paratyphi b infection had been a meal of chicken and rice served to around 400 members of the naval police. over a period of three weeks, 21 per ... | 1992 | 1610504 |
| [a laparoscopic approach to a paratyphoid ovarian abscess]. | a case report of a 29-year-old nulligravid patient with a ovarian typhoid abscess managed endoscopically is presented. puncture and drainage of the pelvic mass was performed laparoscopically. the infrequency of salmonella paratyphi as an etiologic agent of pelvic inflammatory disease is discussed and a review of the literature regarding endoscopic management of purulent pelvic collections is presented. | 1992 | 1342457 |
| enoxacin in the treatment of typhoid fever. | enoxacin 400 mg twice daily was given orally to 40 patients who had salmonella typhi- or salmonella paratyphi-positive blood or bone marrow cultures. one patient was switched to parenteral therapy within 48 hours of study enrollment, but the remaining 39 patients were given enoxacin for 10 to 14 days. all 39 patients were cured by enoxacin, even though 23 (58.9%) strains were resistant to cotrimoxazole and 16 (41%) strains were multiply resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole ... | 1992 | 1286490 |
| monoclonal antibodies against salmonella porins: generation and characterization. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated against porins, one of the major outer membrane proteins of salmonella typhi. six clones, designated mp1, mp2, mp3 (igg2ak), mpn4, mpn6 (igg1k) and mpn5 (igg2bk) were characterized by enzyme immunoassay (elisa) for their reactivity to porins from s. typhi, salmonella paratyphi a, s. paratyphi b, s. paratyphi c, salmonella choleraesuis, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella krefeld, salmonella panama, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli b, shigella fl ... | 1992 | 1280248 |
| [phagotypes of the salmonella paratyphi b strains isolated in czechoslovakia 1986-1991]. | the author presents an account of phagotypes of 70 strains of salmonella paratyphi b isolated in 1986-1991 incl., from patients suffering from typhus b and registered carriers, isolates from river water and also from three new cases of carriers in czechoslovakia. these isolated strains were sent for typing of salmonellae to a bratislava department for phagotyping. according to lytic findings with standard bacteriophages the strains were classified into 8 types. another group is formed by strains ... | 1992 | 1291113 |
| multi-drug resistance in salmonellae isolated from enteric fever cases at porur--a semi urban area near madras city. | a total of 249 isolations of salmonella were made during 1991, of which 67.46 per cent were resistant to chloramphenicol. resistance to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and amoxycillin was higher (82.91, 77.69, 81.42 per cent respectively). salmonella typhi was predominant agent forming 94.78 per cent and salmonella paratyphi a caused the remaining infections. 44.98 per cent of the isolations were in children. this outbreak has been discussed in the light of other reports from india. | 1992 | 1296946 |
| salmonella paratyphi c osteomyelitis: report of two separate episodes 17 years apart. | osteomyelitis secondary to salmonella infection is well documented in the literature. infection in more than one focus has also been described. to the best of our knowledge this is the first report of recurrent osteomyelitis in a normal host (a 35-year-old man) with the same organism (s. paratyphi c) in different sites 17 years apart. | 1992 | 1287814 |
| the tonb-dependent ferrichrome receptor fcua of yersinia enterocolitica: evidence against a strict co-evolution of receptor structure and substrate specificity. | a yersinia enterocolitica receptor mutant was isolated which is impaired in ferrichrome uptake. the receptor-encoding gene fcua was cloned in escherichia coli k-12. a fcua mutant of y. enterocolitica could be complemented by the cloned dna fragment. the fcua-encoding region was sequenced and an open reading frame encoding 758 amino acids including a signal sequence of 36 amino acids was found. fcua shared 34.6% amino acid sequence homology with fata, the anguibactin receptor of vibrio anguillaru ... | 1993 | 8384682 |
| specific detection of salmonella spp. by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | three sets of oligonucleotide primers were used in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay to detect salmonella species. phop primers specific to the phop/phoq loci of coliform pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella, shigella, escherichia coli, and citrobacter species served as presumptive indicators of enteric bacteria. in addition to the phop primers, the hin and the h-1i primers, which targeted a 236-bp region of hin/h2 and a 173-bp region of the h-1i flagellin gene, respectively, were used ... | 1993 | 8517741 |
| genotypic typing and phylogenetic analysis of salmonella paratyphi b and s. java with is200. | salmonella paratyphi b and salmonella java are biovars of common serotype 1,4,[5],12:b:1,2 which respectively cause human paratyphoid fever and gastroenteritis. in order to define genotypes and phylogenetic relationships in this group, we examined representative strains for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) in and around the 16s ribosomal rna (rrn) genes, and the five to eleven insertion sites of the salmonella-specific dna insertion sequence is200. one of four 16s rrn profiles w ... | 1993 | 8254310 |
| epidemiology of salmonellosis and its sensitivity in karachi. | over the past five years 25,000 blood cultures were screened for septicaemia. of these 6.7% were positive for salmonella species, the commonest being salmonella typhi accounting for 92% of total salmonella isolates. over the years, s. typhi showed a gradual decline ranging from 96.7 to 87%. while salmonella paratyphi a has shown a gradual increase ranging from 2.5% to 11.4%. salmonellosis peaked in the year 1990 suggesting an epidemic. the antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed a gradual increase ... | 1993 | 8283597 |
| genomic mapping with i-ceu i, an intron-encoded endonuclease specific for genes for ribosomal rna, in salmonella spp., escherichia coli, and other bacteria. | construction of physical maps of genomes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis requires enzymes which cut the genome into an analyzable number of fragments; most produce too many fragments. the enzyme i-ceu i, encoded by a mobile intron in the chloroplast 23s ribosomal rna (rrl) gene of chlamydomonas eugametos, cuts a 26-bp site in the rrl gene. this enzyme digests dna of salmonella typhimurium at seven sites, each corresponding to one of the rrl genes of the rrn operons, but at no other site. the ... | 1993 | 8341713 |
| surgical management of complicated gastrointestinal salmonellosis in children. | from january 1984 to october 1991, 11 consecutive patients with complication of salmonella infection received surgical intervention at our hospital. the age at operation ranged from 4 days to 8 years old, with a mean of 1 year and 8 months. most of them (64%) were under the age of one year. eight cases were male, 3 cases were female. the most common pathogen was salmonella paratyphi gr. b (73%); the most common presenting symptoms and signs were abdominal pain (82%), pyrexia (82%) and muscle gua ... | 1993 | 8372676 |
| [current epidemiological status of salmonellosis of humans in germany]. | infections caused by salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi b have special epidemiological significance. however, the enteritis caused by salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium dominates. a complex typing of these serovars is the prerequisite for both, an effective surveillance of salmonellosis and the detection of occurring replacements and variations of the pathogens. the increasing occurrence of salmonella in spices since 1993 is epidemiologically remarkable. in this connection, ... | 1994 | 7927464 |
| the xbai-blni-ceui genomic cleavage map of salmonella paratyphi b. | the genomic cleavage map of salmonella paratyphi b was determined through digestion with endonucleases and separation of the fragments by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. the chromosome has 19 xbai sites, 10 blni sites, and 7 ceui sites. the fragments were arranged in order through excision of fragments from the gel, redigestion with a second enzyme, end labelling with 32p, and reelectrophoresis. tn10 transposons inserted in 61 different genes of s. typhimurium lt2 were transduced by use of bac ... | 1994 | 8106312 |
| ventricular septal defect with endocarditis caused by salmonella paratyphi a. | 1994 | 8134948 | |
| randomized comparison of aztreonam and chloramphenicol in treatment of typhoid fever. | patients with clinical typhoid fever plus a blood, bone marrow, or bile positive for salmonella typhi or salmonella paratyphi were included in an open clinical trial to compare the efficacy of aztreonam (6 g/day [2 g intravenously every 8 h]) given for 10 days with that of chloramphenicol (50 mg/kg of body weight per day [intravenously or orally]) administered for 14 days. a total of 44 patients, 22 in each group, were included in the study, and both groups were comparable in terms of baseline p ... | 1994 | 8203854 |
| comparison of ofloxacin and ceftriaxone for short-course treatment of enteric fever. | an open, randomized comparison of ofloxacin (200 mg, every 12 h) given orally for 5 days and ceftriaxone (3 g, once daily) given intravenously for 3 days in the treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever was conducted in ho chi minh city, vietnam. salmonella paratyphi type a was isolated from six patients. salmonella typhi was isolated from 41 patients; 63% of these isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and tetracycline. of th ... | 1994 | 7986000 |
| drug sensitivity of salmonella paratyphi a isolated from a suspected outbreak of enteric fever in duliajan. | an outbreak of paratyphoid fever due to salmonella paratyphi a occurred during june 1991 to march 1992 in duliajan, assam. s paratyphi a was isolated from blood, stool, urine and gall bladder content. most of the strains (92%) were resistant to ampicillin and a few (10%) to chloramphenicol. most of the strains belonged to phage type i. | 1994 | 8071554 |
| molecular recognition of a salmonella trisaccharide epitope by monoclonal antibody se155-4. | the binding site of monoclonal antibody se155-4, which has been the object of successful crystallographic and antibody-engineering studies, is shown by solid-phase immunoassays to be complementary to a branched trisaccharide, alpha-d-galp(1-->2) [alpha-d-abep(1-->3)]-alpha-d-manp(1, rather than to the tetrasaccharide repeating unit alpha-d-galp(1-->2) [alpha-d-abep(1-->3)]-alpha-d-manp(1-->4) alpha-l-rhap(1- of the bacterial antigen. specificity for the 3,6-dideoxy-d-xylo-hexose (3,6-dideoxy-d-g ... | 1994 | 7513555 |
| an outbreak of salmonella paratyphi b in france. | 1994 | 7522821 | |
| immunological detection of salmonella paratyphi a in raw prawns. | a slot blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using monoclonal antibodies specific only for salmonella paratyphi a, to detect s. paratyphi a contamination in raw prawns has been established. when artificially contaminated prawn samples were tested. s. paratyphi a contamination could be identified correctly within 20 h. no false positives from samples artificially contaminated by other microorganisms were obtained. the sensitivity was such that as few as 1 s. paratyphi a organism per g of raw pr ... | 1994 | 7811098 |
| emergence of multi-drug resistance among beta-lactamase producing salmonella. | multi-drug resistant strains of salmonella isolated from blood and bone marrow cultures of pyrexial patients received from physicians, hospitals and different clinics were studied from may to november, 1993. of 2143 samples collected, 424(20%) cases yielded the growth of different organisms. out of these 266(63%) were positive for salmonella strains. the strains isolated were salmonella typhi 239(90%) and salmonella paratyphi a 27(10%). two hundred twenty (82%) strains of salmonella showed incre ... | 1994 | 7830302 |
| antimicrobial antibodies in danish slaughterhouse workers and greenhouse workers. | as a consequence of contact with animals and animal products slaughterhouse workers might be at risk of infection with pathogenic microorganisms. this hypothesis has been supported by some earlier studies. in this study 217 slaughtermen and a control group of 113 greenhouse workers were investigated for the prevalence of serum antibodies to toxoplasma gondii, campylobacter jejuni (iga and igg), yersinia enterocolitica types 3 and 9, yersinia pseudotuberculosis types i, ii, iii, iv, and v, salmon ... | 1994 | 8034365 |
| nontyphoidal salmonellal septicemia in gabonese children infected with schistosoma intercalatum. | relapses of enteric fever induced by schistosoma intercalatum have been observed to occur in central africa. in libreville, gabon, 70 children (ages, 2.1-15.9 years) who were seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus and were hospitalized for septicemic salmonellosis underwent rectal biopsy for diagnosis of s. intercalatum infection. a nontyphoidal salmonella species was isolated from 53 of the 70 patients: salmonella typhimurium in 14 cases; salmonella enteritidis in 7 cases; salmonella gal ... | 1994 | 8054417 |
| ciprofloxacin resistance in salmonella paratyphi a. | 1994 | 7928825 | |
| multiresistant salmonella paratyphi 'a' infection in coastal karnataka. | 1994 | 7868513 | |
| molecular cloning and expression of salmonella paratyphi a 52 kda specific protein gene. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to salmonella paratyphi a have been established by our group in 1989. these mabs were proven to be species-specific for 52 kda protein of s. paratyphi a but the nature of this protein is unknown. however, our group have proved that the 52 kda protein which is specific to s. typhi was flagellin. this present study has characterized the 52 kda protein of s. paratyphi a and identified its encoded gene. the plasmid containing the specific 52 kda antigen gene was ... | 1994 | 7872990 |
| salmonella paratyphi--an unusual cause of primary septic arthritis of the hip. | salmonella paratyphi is an extremely rare cause of primary septic arthritis of the hip, especially in the u.k. the presentation is no different from other causative organisms. a case is described illustrating that uncommon organisms can cause septic arthritis and that for successful treatment correct organism identification is paramount. | 1994 | 7984984 |
| [outbreak of salmonella paratyphi b infections in connection with consumption of smoked fish]. | in the period from 2-10 august 1991 an outbreak caused by s. paratyphi b occurred in five rural areas of the district of leipzig. eleven patients and one excreter were involved, and mild forms of disease were observed in most cases. in three of the patients a mixed infection with s. litchfield was diagnosed. moreover at the same time 21 cases of enteritis caused by s. litchfield and three excreters associated with this serovar were registered in these five rural areas. both infections with s. pa ... | 1994 | 8019069 |
| false positive widal reaction in high-titer disseminated bcg infection. | false-positive widal reactions following certain non-typhoid salmonella infections may occur commonly. the case of a patient who developed miliary tuberculosis secondary to intravesical bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) immunotherapy for bladder carcinoma is described. very high titers of typhoid and paratyphoid agglutinins were obtained with the widal test; these titers returned to normal after successful anti-tuberculous treatment. this case of high-titer, false-positive salmonella typhi and salm ... | 1994 | 8050442 |
| identification of salmonella spp. with rambach agar in conjunction with the 4-methylumbelliferyl caprylate (mucap) fluorescence test. | the utility of rambach agar to identify salmonella spp. was examined relative to its usefulness in clinical microbiology. forty-four of 54 (82%) salmonella organisms isolated from faecal cultures and 66 of 82 (84%) salmonella stock cultures produced bright red colour colonies after 24 h incubation at 37 degrees c, whereas 48 of 54 (89%) salmonellae isolated from faecal cultures, and 74 of 82 (90%) salmonella stock cultures, yielded the bright red colour when the incubation time was extended to 4 ... | 1994 | 7841836 |
| salmonella abscess of the ovary. | a 13-year-old patient with an ovarian abscess caused by salmonella paratyphi c1-7 had positive stool cultures for the same organism. she recovered after surgical removal of the abscess and intravenous antibiotics. | 1995 | 7847540 |
| the chromosome of salmonella paratyphi a is inverted by recombination between rrnh and rrng. | salmonella paratyphi a, a human-adapted bacterial pathogen, causes paratyphoid enteric fever. we established the genome map of strain atcc 9150 by the use of four endonucleases, xbai, i-ceui, avrii (= blni), and spei, which generated 27, 7, 19, and 38 fragments, respectively; the sum of the fragments in each case indicates a genome size of ca. 4,600 kb. with phage p22, we transduced tn10 insertions in known genes from salmonella typhimurium lt2 to s. paratyphi a atcc 9150 and located these inser ... | 1995 | 7592437 |
| survivability of salmonella paratyphi b var java on experimentally infected cockroaches. | cockroaches are inhabitant of sewers and frequent visitors of kitchen and stores in the night to feed on left over. it is liable to disseminate a number of pathogens by contaminating kitchen surface, feeding vessels and food items left open. salmonella paratyphi b var java a common pathogen of man and animal was used in the study to evaluate its survival and excretion in cockroaches. the host when fed on semisolid feed containing 1 x 10(7) cfu of s. paratyphi b var java g-1, it was found that th ... | 1995 | 7558200 |
| [bactericidal activity of 6 antibiotics and 3 combinations against 6 strains of salmonella isolated from blood]. | the bactericidal activity of 6 antibiotics and 3 combinations was evaluated against 6 salmonella strains isolated from blood: 3 sensitive to all antibiotics tested (1 salmonella typhi, 1 salmonella paratyphi a et 1 salmonella enteritidis) and 3 harbouring a tem penicillinase (1 salmonella typhi, 1 salmonella virchow et 1 salmonella typhimurium). mics of 6 antibiotics, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ciprofloxacin, amikacin and chloramphenicol were determined by microdilution method in mue ... | 1995 | 7567112 |
| role of a large plasmid in mediation of multiple drug resistance in salmonella typhi and paratyphi a in bangladesh. | from 405 patients of suspected typhoid fever, 94 salmonella typhi and 17 salmonella paratyphi a, were isolated from blood and/or stool at the institute of postgraduate medicine and research, dhaka during march 1992 to february 1993. forty seven percent of the isolates were resistant to multiple drugs which included amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole. a large plasmid of 140 mda was isolated from 73% of multidrug resistant (mdr) strains. however, no plasmid was isolated fr ... | 1995 | 7575344 |
| thrombosis of cerebral veins dural sinuses after paratyphi. | a 20 year old woman was admitted to our department 15 days after the onset of typhoid fever treated with chloramphenicol. the patient showed intracranial hypertension with generalized seizures, slight right hemiparesis and a left vi cranial nerve deficit with diplopia. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) showed occlusion of the superior longitudinal, right transverse, right sigmoid sinus combined with a single hemorrhagic infarct in the left occipito-parietal area. serum tests were positive for sal ... | 1995 | 7591678 |
| monoclonal antibodies against protein antigens of salmonellae causing paratyphoid fever and their diagnostic application. | hybrid clones producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for salmonella paratyphi a (72 clones), s. paratyphi b (9 clones) and s. paratyphi c (8 clones) were produced by using the affinity purified salmonella protein (bp) as immunogens. mabs to s. paratyphi a and s. paratyphi b reacted specifically with the 52 kda homologous flagellin protein components while those to s. paratyphi c reacted with a 61 kda flagellin protein component. the mabs against s. paratyphi a and s. paratyphi b were us ... | 1995 | 7488347 |
| simultaneous infection by a sensitive and a multiresistant strain of salmonella paratyphi a. | 1995 | 7636290 | |
| streptococcus pyogenes peritonitis associated with genital swelling and gastroenteritis caused by cryptosporidium and salmonella paratyphi b in an hiv infected patient on capd. | 1995 | 7724018 | |
| salmonella paratyphi a induced pancytopenia--a new association. | a case of salmonella paratyphi a fever with reversible pancytopenia in a 15 years old boy who presented with history of high grade continuous fever, epistaxis and haemoptysis, relative bradycardia and splenomegaly is described here. a brief review of the literature on possible causes of reversible pancytopenia in this case is also discussed. | 1995 | 8523646 |
| culture of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi from blood and bone marrow in suspected typhoid fever. | we studied the yield of blood and bone marrow (bm) cultures in 145 patients clinically suspected of typhoid fever (tf) in indonesia. the objectives were to compare the positivity of blood culture using 3 ml versus 10 ml of blood and to examine in how far specific antibiotic treatment for tf interfered with the positivity of bm culture. blood for culture was collected before antibiotic treatment was initiated in hospital and bm 1 to 10 days after the start of treatment. cultures were performed wi ... | 1995 | 8560588 |
| salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi antibodies in kenya. | the distribution of salmonella typhi, s. paratyphi a. and s. paratyphi c. agglutinins among 364 sera from a randomly selected group of healthy individuals in nairobi and naivasha (kenya) were analysed in relation to bacteriologically confirmed cases of typhoid fever at the kenyatta national hospital (knh). out of these, 30% of the healthy individuals had no detectable widal titres. overall agglutinin titres obtained for the healthy population showed that 96% of the individuals had low level reac ... | 1995 | 8689970 |
| urinary tract infection at a specialist hospital in saudi arabia. | midstream specimens of urine from inpatients and out patients at king fahd specialist hospital in buraidah, saudi arabia, were collected over a period of 12 months to determine prospectively the frequencies of different causative organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility. a total of 854 from 4157 specimens (20.54%) gave significant bacterial counts i.e., counts greater than 10(5) organisms per millilitre. escherichia coli was the commonest organism (50.11%) followed by klebsiella spp. (28 ... | 1995 | 8754285 |
| development of nested pcr based on the viab sequence to detect salmonella typhi. | for a rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever, we developed a nested pcr based on the nucleotide sequence encoding the vi antigen. all salmonella typhi strains along with a salmonella paratyphi c strain were pcr positive. this assay was able to detect s. typhi at the single-cell level. | 1995 | 7751397 |
| clinical importance of salmonella paratyphi a infection to enteric fever in nepal. | background: enteric fever in nepal is caused by infection with salmonella typhi or salmonella paratyphi a. the clinical presentation of these two illnesses has never been compared in a population of travelers and expatriates. if the illnesses are clinically comparable, and if s. paratyphi a infection is sufficiently common, the choice of typhoid vaccine for nepal may have to take into account the vaccine's efficacy in preventing infection with s. paratyphi a. methods: nonnepalese patients presen ... | 1995 | 9815378 |
| urgent need for effective vaccine against salmonella paratyphi a, b and c. | 1995 | 8719526 | |
| drug resistance in salmonella strains isolated from domestic wastewater before and after treatment in stabilization ponds in an arid region (marrakech, morocco). | some 118 salmonella strains isolated before and after treatment in stabilization ponds were tested for antimicrobial resistance. in the treatment plant, which decreases the abundance of salmonella by 99%, a significantly lower level of antibiotic resistance (p<0.01) was identified at the system's inflow point (19%) than at its outflow (29%). the serotypes most frequently identified as having multiple antibiotic resistance were salmonella paratyphi b and s. typhimurium. high tetracycline resistan ... | 1995 | 24414649 |
| treatment of enteric fever with pefloxacin for 7 days versus 5 days: a randomized clinical trial. | in this prospective study of enteric fever, 22 patients received 400 mg of pefloxacin twice daily for 5 days (group a) and 24 received 400 mg of pefloxacin twice daily for 7 days (group b). causative microorganisms were salmonella typhi (8 in group a, 11 in group b) and salmonella paratyphi b (14 in group a, 13 in group b). the clinical cure and bacterial eradication rates were 96% (21 of 22) in group a and 100% in group b. in conclusion, 5-day oral administration of pefloxacin was as effective ... | 1996 | 9124864 |