Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| the strataa study protocol: a programme to assess the burden of enteric fever in bangladesh, malawi and nepal using prospective population census, passive surveillance, serological studies and healthcare utilisation surveys. | invasive infections caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi a are estimated to account for 12-27 million febrile illness episodes worldwide annually. determining the true burden of typhoidal salmonellae infections is hindered by lack of population-based studies and adequate laboratory diagnostics.the strategic typhoid alliance across africa and asia study takes a systematic approach to measuring the age-stratified burden of clinical and subclinical disease caused by typhoidal s ... | 2017 | 28674145 |
| the distribution of carbapenem- and colistin-resistance in gram-negative bacteria from the tamil nadu region in india. | the occurrence of carbapenem- and colistin-resistance among gram-negative bacteria is increasing worldwide. the aim of this study was to understand the distribution of carbapenem- and colistin-resistance in two areas in tamil nadu, india. | 2017 | 28671537 |
| serotyping and antimicrobial drug resistance of salmonella isolated from lettuce and human diarrhea samples in burkina faso. | in burkina faso dirty water in particular those of the stoppings and the gutter ones are used for vegetables irrigation in the gardens. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of salmonella serotypes from humans and lettuce samples inburkina faso. materials and methods:salmonella strains isolated from patients in 2009 to 2015 and lettuce samples in 2014 in burkina faso were serotyped using specific antisera. all strains were subjected to a set of 14 an ... | 2017 | 28670637 |
| hepatitis a with superadded salmonella paratyphi a infection presenting with exudative pleural effusion and acalculous cholecystitis. | 2017 | 28667735 | |
| microcontact imprinted plasmonic nanosensors: powerful tools in the detection of salmonella paratyphi. | identification of pathogenic microorganisms by traditional methods is slow and cumbersome. therefore, the focus today is on developing new and quicker analytical methods. in this study, a surface plasmon resonance (spr) sensor with a microcontact imprinted sensor chip was developed for detecting salmonella paratyphi. for this purpose, the stamps of the target microorganism were prepared and then, microcontact s. paratyphi-imprinted spr chips were prepared with the functional monomer n-methacrylo ... | 2017 | 28608810 |
| what were the risk factors and trends in antimicrobial resistance for enteric fever in london 2005-2012? | a study was undertaken to determine the risk factors and trends in antimicrobial resistance for enteric fever. | 2017 | 28590238 |
| rapid diagnostic tests for typhoid and paratyphoid (enteric) fever. | differentiating both typhoid (salmonella typhi) and paratyphoid (salmonella paratyphi a) infection from other causes of fever in endemic areas is a diagnostic challenge. although commercial point-of-care rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) for enteric fever are available as alternatives to the current reference standard test of blood or bone marrow culture, or to the widely used widal test, their diagnostic accuracy is unclear. if accurate, they could potentially replace blood culture as the world hea ... | 2017 | 28545155 |
| overview of the impact of typhoid and paratyphoid fever. utility of ty21a vaccine (vivotif®). | cases of diarrhoeal disease number from 1.7 to 5 billion per year worldwide. one of the main causes of diarrhoeal disease is typhoid fever, which is a potentially life-threatening multi-systemic illness. according to the most recent estimates, a total of 26.9 million typhoid fever episodes occurred in 2010. the geographical distribution of the disease differs widely; in developed countries, the incidence rate per 100,000 per year varies from < 0.1 to 0.3, and the disease mainly affects people wh ... | 2017 | 28515625 |
| regional transmission of salmonella paratyphi a, china, 1998-2012. | to explore transmission patterns and genetic relationships of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a in china, we conducted a genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis on the strains in the 4 provinces in which incidence was highest during 1998-2012. markedly phylogeographic clustering suggested regional virus circulation after introduction from areas in southeastern china. | 2017 | 28418315 |
| genomic analysis of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a during an outbreak in cambodia, 2013-2015. | in 2013, an unusual increase in the number of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a (salmonella paratyphi a) infections was reported in patients in phnom penh, cambodia, and in european, american and japanese travellers returning from cambodia. epidemiological investigations did not identify a common source of exposure. to analyse the population structure and genetic diversity of these salmonella paratyphi a isolates, we used whole-genome sequencing on 65 isolates collected from 1999 to 2014: ... | 2016 | 28348832 |
| treatment response in enteric fever in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance: an individual patient data analysis of 2092 participants enrolled into 4 randomized, controlled trials in nepal. | enteric fever, caused by salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a, is the leading cause of bacterial febrile disease in south asia. | 2017 | 28329181 |
| pattern of antimicrobial drug resistance of salmonella typhi and paratyphi a in a teaching hospital in islamabad. | to see the pattern of antimicrobial drug resistance among salmonella serovars. | 2017 | 28303985 |
| characterisation of antimicrobial resistance in salmonellae during 2014-2015 from four centres across india: an icmr antimicrobial resistance surveillance network report. | the main purpose of this study was to establish 'antimicrobial resistance surveillance network' in india and to monitor the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of clinical isolates to establish a national network across the country for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in salmonella. | 2017 | 28303820 |
| [an outbreak of paratyphoid fever in a county of yunnan province, 2010-2011]. | objective: to identify the source and to comment on control program regarding an outbreak of paratyphoid a fever in a county, through field studies. methods: descriptive epidemiological methods were adopted to describe the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak, which occurred in yuanjiang county, yunan province between 2010-2011, china. case-control study with environmental investigation was performed to identify related risk factors and pathogens while isolation and susceptibility on ... | 2017 | 28231666 |
| evaluation of the clinical and microbiological response to salmonella paratyphi a infection in the first paratyphoid human challenge model. | to expedite the evaluation of vaccines against paratyphoid fever, we aimed to develop the first human challenge model of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a infection. | 2017 | 28158395 |
| infection dynamics and antimicrobial resistance profile of salmonella paratyphi b d-tartrate positive (java) in a persistently infected broiler barn. | the infection dynamics of s. java were examined in three consecutive rearing periods on a broiler farm in northwestern germany which had been persistently infected with s. java for more than five years. the barn was investigated for salmonella occurrence after cleaning and disinfection to verify the persistent contamination of the broiler house with s. java before the start of the first rearing cycle. confirmation of salmonella absence in day-old chicks (time-point 1) as well as early establishm ... | 2017 | 28117713 |
| characterization of two polyvalent phages infecting enterobacteriaceae. | bacteriophages display remarkable genetic diversity and host specificity. in this study, we explore phages infecting bacterial strains of the enterobacteriaceae family because of their ability to infect related but distinct hosts. we isolated and characterized two novel virulent phages, sh6 and sh7, using a strain of shigella flexneri as host bacterium. morphological and genomic analyses revealed that phage sh6 belongs to the t1virus genus of the siphoviridae family. conversely, phage sh7 was cl ... | 2017 | 28091598 |
| analysis of anti-bacterial and anti oxidative activity of azadirachta indica bark using various solvents extracts. | herbal medications have been used for relief of symptoms of disease. regardless of the great advances observed in current medicine in recent decades, plants still make a significant contribution to health care. an alarming increase in bacterial strains resistant to a number of antimicrobial agents demands that a renewed effort be made to seek antibacterial agents effective against pathogenic bacteria resistant to or less sensitive to current antibiotics. anti-bacterial activity of azadirachta in ... | 2017 | 28053565 |
| purification and antigenic detection of o-specific polysaccharides of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a isolate from pakistan: an emerging threat. | paratyphoid fever caused by salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a is becoming a serious health problem in asian countries particularly pakistan, china and india and situation is aggravated by current unavailability of a licensed vaccine. this study was designed to purify the o-specific polysaccharides (osp) produced by an isolate of salmonella paratyphi a from pakistan and detect antigenicity of extracted lipopolysaccharide (lps) and purified osp pioneerly in south asian region as candidate fo ... | 2016 | 27933236 |
| enteric fever in barcelona: changing patterns of importation and antibiotic resistance. | enteric fever's incidence is decreasing among residents of high-income countries, although it's rising in travelers coming from low-resource endemic settings. the study's aim is to describe epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of patients with enteric fever. | 2017 | 27890811 |
| sonochemical fabrication of edible fragrant antimicrobial nano coating on textiles and polypropylene cups. | we report on a simple and effective ultrasound-assisted deposition of vanillin nanoparticles (∼50nm in size), raspberry ketone (rk) nanoparticles (∼40nm in size) and camphor nanoparticles (width ∼30nm, length ∼40nm in size) on textiles and on polypropylene surfaces. the excellent antibacterial and antifungal activity of the fragrant coatings on cotton bandages, and polypropylene surface against escherichia coli (e. coli), salmonella paratyphi a (s. paratyphi a) and the yeast candida albicans (c. ... | 2016 | 27569647 |
| blood culture isolates and antibiogram of salmonella: experience of a tertiary care hospital. | enteric fevers contribute majorly to the burden of morbidity from infectious diseases in the developing world. due to growing antibiotic resistance seen in their management, salmonella and its various species are required to be periodically tested for sensitivity and resistance patterns, to guide the clinical management at the local level. this will also enable planning of antibiotic recycling wherever feasible. | 2016 | 27546970 |
| enteric fever in a tertiary paediatric hospital: a retrospective six-year review. | enteric fever is a multisystemic infection which largely affects children. this study aimed to analyse the epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of paediatric enteric fever in singapore. | 2016 | 27523510 |
| outbreak of enteric fever due to salmonella paratyphi a variety durazzo (2,12:a:-) in a hilly region of north india: a report of 43 cases. | enteric fever due to salmonella paratyphi a (spa) is a global problem occurring as outbreaks at times. an unusual spa (2,12:a:-) variety durazzo has been reported rarely. we report an outbreak of enteric fever due to this variety affecting 43 individuals. the blood samples grew unusual mucoid, lactose non-fermenting colonies with atypical biochemical reactions in sugar fermentation and amino acid decarboxylation. isolates had sensitivity to ceftriaxone, chloramphenical, cotrimoxazole, intermedia ... | 2017 | 27514969 |
| emerging enteric fever due to switching biotype of salmonella (paratyphi a) in eastern odisha. | typhoid fever is classically caused by salmonella enterica serotype typhi.recently the frequency of isolation of s. paratyphi a (spa) has been increased in comparison to s. typhi in indian scenario. | 2017 | 27510670 |
| antibiogram of salmonella isolates: time to consider antibiotic salvage. | enteric fever is a major problem especially in developing countries. timely and appropriate treatment plays a very important role in reducing the mortality. fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins are the treatment options for enteric fever. recent studies have shown that it is time to reconsider the use of earlier antibiotics. | 2016 | 27437211 |
| [clinical epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of nontyphoidal salmonella enteric infections in children: 2012-2014]. | to understand the clinical epidemiology and manifestation of nontyphoidal salmonella (nts)enteric infections and serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns of nts in children. | 2016 | 27412737 |
| six cases of paratyphoid fever due to salmonella paratyphi a in travelers returning from myanmar between july 2014 and august 2015. | we report six cases of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a infections in travelers returning from myanmar. in 2015, 31 cases of paratyphoid fever were reported in japan, and 54.8% of those traveled to myanmar. among them, six patients presented to our hospital. they had traveled to myanmar from july 2014 to august 2015 for business purposes. all six isolates were phage type 1, and they were resistant to nalidixic acid. | 2016 | 27352874 |
| antibacterial metabolites secreted under glucose-limited environment of the mimicked proximal colon model by lactobacilli abundant in infant feces. | the most abundance of anti-salmonella lactic acid bacteria (lab) was found in feces of naturally born, exclusively breastfed thai infants. six strains of lactobacillus plantarum and one strain of lactobacillus paracasei were selected and identified. in the co-cultivation assay, l. plantarum subsp. plantarum i62 showed the strongest and broadest antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, shigella sonnei, salmonella paratyphi a, and salmonella typhimurium sa 2093 under the mimicked proximal ... | 2016 | 27188778 |
| [drug tolerance and pfge molecular typing of salmonella paratyphi a isolated in dengfeng, henan province, 2009-2015]. | to investigate the drug tolerance and pfge patterns of salmonella(s.)paratyphi a strains isolated from sentinel hospitals in dengfeng, henan province, during 2009-2015. | 2016 | 27188369 |
| case series of imported enteric fever at a referral center in tokyo, japan: antibiotic susceptibility and risk factors for relapse. | owing to the increase in salmonella strains with decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in the endemic areas, we have been treating enteric fever with intravenous ceftriaxone empirically since 2007. in this study, we reevaluated our treatment protocol. this retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single institute in tokyo, japan, between january 2006 and december 2013. enteric fever was defined as isolation of salmonella typhi or salmonella paratyphi a, b, and c from the blood and/or sto ... | 2016 | 27162265 |
| production of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps)-dependent siderophore by aeromonas isolates. | aeromonas species are gram-negative ubiquitous bacteria, facultative anaerobic rods that infect both invertebrates and vertebrates. various fish species develop hemorrhagic disease and furunculosis due to aeromonas spp. aeromonas strains generate certain active compounds such as siderophores, which are the final products of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) activity. the present study attempted to investigate the prevalence of aeromonas isolates in marketed fish sources. we also examined t ... | 2016 | 27155016 |
| preventing invasive salmonellosis in children through vaccination. | vaccination is an important strategy to control endemic enteric fever (ef) and to interrupt transmission during outbreaks. the main aim of this paper is to discuss the efficacy of available ef vaccines in children and to highlight novel vaccination possibilities against ef and non-typhoid invasive salmonelloses. | 2016 | 27140662 |
| detection of the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene conferring colistin resistance in human and food isolates of salmonella enterica and escherichia coli in england and wales. | in response to the first report of transmissible colistin resistance mediated by the mcr-1 gene in escherichia coli and klebsiella spp. from animals and humans in china, we sought to determine its presence in enterobacteriaceae isolated in the uk. | 2016 | 27090630 |
| status of paratyphoid fever vaccine research and development. | salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi (s. paratyphi) a and b cause enteric fever in humans. of the paratyphoid group, s. paratyphi a is the most common serovar. in 2000, there were an estimated 5.4 million cases of s. paratyphi a worldwide. more recently paratyphoid fever has accounted for an increasing fraction of all cases of enteric fever. although vaccines for typhoid fever have been developed and in use for decades, vaccines for paratyphoid fever have not yet been licensed. sever ... | 2016 | 27083427 |
| antimicrobial resistance trends in blood culture positive salmonella paratyphi a isolates from pondicherry, india. | enteric fever is a public health problem with the upsurge in the occurrence of salmonella isolates that are resistant to ciprofloxacin. in this study, a total of 284 blood culture isolates of s. paratyphi a were investigated. of these isolates, 281 (98.9%) were nalidixic acid resistant. a high rate (6.3%) of high-level resistance (≥ 4 μg/ml) was found to ciprofloxacin. the isolates with ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of ≥ 12 μg/ml had 4 mutations, 2 mutations within the q ... | 2016 | 27080779 |
| enteric fever in a multicultural canadian tertiary care pediatric setting: a 28-year review. | we undertook a 28-year review of enteric fever at a large tertiary care pediatric center. most cases occurred in children who visited friends and relatives in the indian subcontinent, and there was significant antibiotic resistance. documented vaccination rates were low, and many cases also had evidence of delays in diagnosis and treatment. | 2017 | 26952095 |
| a multicountry molecular analysis of salmonella enterica serovar typhi with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in sub-saharan africa. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi is a predominant cause of bloodstream infections in sub-saharan africa (ssa). increasing numbers of s. typhi with resistance to ciprofloxacin have been reported from different parts of the world. however, data from ssa are limited. in this study, we aimed to measure the ciprofloxacin susceptibility of s. typhi isolated from patients with febrile illness in ssa. | 2016 | 26933020 |
| development and evaluation of a blood culture pcr assay for rapid detection of salmonella paratyphi a in clinical samples. | enteric fever remains an important cause of morbidity in many low-income countries and salmonella paratyphi a has emerged as the aetiological agent in an increasing proportion of cases. lack of adequate diagnostics hinders early diagnosis and prompt treatment of both typhoid and paratyphoid but development of assays to identify paratyphoid has been particularly neglected. here we describe the development of a rapid and sensitive blood culture pcr method for detection of salmonella paratyphi a fr ... | 2016 | 26930553 |
| antibacterial activity of an acidic phospholipase a2 (nn-xib-pla2) from the venom of naja naja (indian cobra). | the resistance of bacteria against the use of conventional antibiotics has become a serious threat to public health and considering the associated side effect with antibiotics; new strategies to find and develop new molecules with novel modes of action has received grate attention in recent years. in this study, when the antibacterial potential of an acidic protein-nn-xib-pla2 (naja naja venom phospholipase a2 fraction-xib) of naja naja venom was evaluated, it showed significant bactericidal act ... | 2016 | 26885465 |
| azithromycin and ceftriaxone combination treatment for relapsed salmonella paratyphi a bacteraemia. | 2016 | 26858276 | |
| [characteristics of drug resistance and molecular type of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi isolated in henan province, 2009-2011]. | to investigate the antibiotic resistance and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns of clinical isolates of salmonella (s.) typhi and s. paratyphi in henan province during 2009-2011. | 2016 | 26822656 |
| salmonella burden in lebanon. | salmonellosis is a disease that represents a major public health concern in both developing and developed countries. the aim of this article is to evaluate the public health burden of salmonella illness in lebanon. the current scope of the salmonella infection problem was assessed in relation to disease incidence and distribution with respect to age, gender and district. factors that provide a better understanding of the magnitude of the problem were explored and highlighted. data reported to th ... | 2016 | 26743045 |
| the ecological dynamics of fecal contamination and salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a in municipal kathmandu drinking water. | one of the un sustainable development goals is to achieve universal access to safe and affordable drinking water by 2030. it is locations like kathmandu, nepal, a densely populated city in south asia with endemic typhoid fever, where this goal is most pertinent. aiming to understand the public health implications of water quality in kathmandu we subjected weekly water samples from 10 sources for one year to a range of chemical and bacteriological analyses. we additionally aimed to detect the eti ... | 2016 | 26735696 |
| structural characterization and biomedical properties of sulfated polysaccharide from the gladius of sepioteuthis lessoniana (lesson, 1831). | sulfated polysaccharide was extracted from the internal shell (gladius) of sepioteuthis lessoniana. the sulfated polysaccharide contained 61.3% of carbohydrate, 0.8% of protein, 28.2% of ash and 1.33% of moisture respectively. the elemental composition was analyzed using chns/o analyzer. the molecular weight of sulfated polysaccharide determined through page was found to be as 66 kda. monosaccharides analysis revealed that sulfated polysaccharide was composed of rhamnose, galactose, xylose and g ... | 2016 | 26724686 |
| [distribution in different salmonella serovars and integration sites of salmonella paratyphi c phage spc-p1]. | to determine the prevalence of salmonella paratyphi c phage (spc-p1) in different salmonella serovars and to identify the integration sites in host genome. | 2015 | 26679650 |
| the impact of carvacrol on ammonia and biogenic amine production by common foodborne pathogens. | the impact of carvacrol at different levels (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%) on ammonia (amn) and biogenic amines (bas) production by 8 common foodborne pathogens (fbps) (staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterococcus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria monocytogenes, aeromonas hydrophila, and salmonella paratyphi a) was studied using a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method. significant differences among bacteria (p < 0.05) in amn and ba production were obs ... | 2015 | 26580308 |
| filament formation of salmonella paratyphi a accompanied by ftsz assembly impairment and low level ppgpp. | previously, we reported that salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a strain s602 grew into multinuclear, nonseptate, and nonlethal filaments on agar plates containing nitrogenous salts. strain s602 was more sensitive to osmotic and oxidative stress than the reference strain 3p243 of nonfilamentous salmonella paratyphi a. strain s602 had an amber mutation (c154t) in rpos. the revertant of this mutant, sr603, was repressed to form filaments under conditions with abundant nitrogenous salts. however ... | 2015 | 26549184 |
| breast abscess by salmonella paratyphi a: case report and literature review. | a case of suspicious breast mass due to salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a in a non-lactating, diabetic female is being described. the infection was successfully treated with a combination of surgical drainage and antibiotic treatment. this case highlights the fact that a focal salmonella infection involving the breast should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis for breast malignancy and submission of specimens for microbiological analysis may be helpful in establishment of an ac ... | 2015 | 26500907 |
| multiple-site mutations of phage bp7 endolysin improves its activities against target bacteria. | the widespread use of antibiotics has caused serious drug resistance. bacteria that were once easily treatable are now extremely difficult to treat. endolysin can be used as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of drug-resistant bacteria. to analyze the antibacterial activity of the endolysin of phage bp7 (bp7e), a 489-bp dna fragment of endolysin bp7e was pcr-amplified from a phage bp7 genome and cloned, and then a pet28a-bp7e prokaryotic expression vector was constructed. two amino ... | 2015 | 26490045 |
| detection of typhoidal and paratyphoidal salmonella in blood by real-time polymerase chain reaction. | the gold standard for diagnosis of enteric fever caused by salmonella typhi or salmonella paratyphi a or b is bone marrow culture. however, because bone marrow aspiration is highly invasive, many hospitals and large health centers perform blood culture instead. as blood culture has several limitations, there is a need for novel typhoid diagnostics with improved sensitivity and more rapid time to detection. | 2015 | 26449938 |
| elevated guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate level inhibits bacterial growth and interferes with ftsz assembly. | ftsz, a protein essential for prokaryotic cell division, forms a ring structure known as the z-ring at the division site. ftsz has a gtp binding site and is assembled into linear structures in a gtp-dependent manner in vitro. we assessed whether guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppgpp), a global regulator of gene expression in starved bacteria, affects cell division in salmonella paratyphi a. elevation of intracellular ppgpp levels by using the rela expression vector induced repression of ... | 2015 | 26449557 |
| construction of recombinant pichia pastoris carrying a constitutive avbd9 gene and analysis of its activity. | avian beta-defensin 9 (avbd9) is a small cationic peptide consisting of 41 amino acids that plays a crucial rule in innate immunity and acquired immunity in chickens. owing to its wide antibacterial spectrum, lack of a residue, and failure to induce bacterial drug resistance, avbd9 is expected to become a substitute for conventional antibiotics in the livestock and poultry industries. using the preferred codon of pichia pastoris, the mature avbd9 peptide was designed and synthesized, based on th ... | 2015 | 26370794 |
| management of children with travel-related illness evaluated in a pediatric emergency room. | children travelling are potentially exposed to a wide spectrum of illness, which includes not only mild self-limiting disease but also severe illness requiring hospitalization. risk factors for hospitalization need to be analyzed to inform prevention and treatment strategies for travel-related disease, to make travelling for children-from a medical perspective-more secure. | 2015 | 26368057 |
| salmonella on raw poultry in retail markets in guatemala: levels, antibiotic susceptibility, and serovar distribution. | the objective of this study was to determine salmonella numbers on retail raw chicken carcasses in guatemala and to phenotypically characterize the isolates (serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility). in total, 300 chicken carcasses were collected from seven departments in guatemala. salmonella numbers were determined using the most-probable-number method following the u. s. department of agriculture's food safety and inspection service protocol. in total, 103 isolates were obtained, all of whic ... | 2015 | 26319717 |
| a large-scale community-based outbreak of paratyphoid fever caused by hospital-derived transmission in southern china. | since the 1990s, paratyphoid fever caused by salmonella paratyphi a has emerged in southeast asia and china. in 2010, a large-scale outbreak involving 601 cases of paratyphoid fever occurred in the whole of yuanjiang county in china. epidemiological and laboratory investigations were conducted to determine the etiology, source and transmission factors of the outbreak. | 2015 | 26186586 |
| increase in paratyphoid fever cases in japanese travellers returning from cambodia in 2013. | in 2013, an unusual increase of paratyphoid fever cases in travellers returning from cambodia was reported in japan. from december 2012 to september 2013, 18 cases of salmonella paratyphi a infection were identified. microbiological analyses revealed that most isolates had the same clonal identity, although the epidemiological link between these cases remains unclear. it was inferred that the outbreak was caused by a common and persistent source in cambodia that was likely to have continued duri ... | 2016 | 26169980 |
| salmonella paratyphi b mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta in an hiv-infected patient: a case report. | an hiv-infected 49-year-old man was admitted with polyuria, fever, chills and a dull left lumbar pain. laboratory tests showed increased c-reactive protein while urine analysis and abdomen ultrasound scan were negative. blood cultures revealed a salmonella paratyphi b, identified through maldi-tof mass spectrometry. targeted antibiotic therapy with intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam was started and a multi-phase contrast-enhanced abdomen ct-scan was performed at 24 hours from admission showing ... | 2015 | 26110299 |
| typhidot - a blessing or a menace. | typhoid remain an increasing problem in third world countries like pakistan. a reliable, easy and affordable rapid diagnostic test is a need for our clinicians, many of whom consider typhidot to be promising. typhidot has been used as the only tool to diagnose typhoid fever by general practitioners and consultants despite its low sensitivity and specificity causing misdiagnosis and treatment. we therefore conducted this study to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of typhidot in patients wi ... | 2017 | 26101507 |
| understanding paratyphoid infection: study protocol for the development of a human model of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a challenge in healthy adult volunteers. | this study will develop the first human challenge model of paratyphoid infection which may then be taken forward to evaluate paratyphoid vaccine candidates. salmonella paratyphi a is believed to cause a quarter of the estimated 20 million cases of enteric fever annually. epidemiological evidence also suggests that an increasing proportion of the enteric fever burden is attributable to s. paratyphi infection meriting further attention and interest in vaccine development. assessment of paratyphoid ... | 2015 | 26082464 |
| antimicrobial impacts of essential oils on food borne-pathogens. | the antimicrobial activity of twelve essential oil (pine oil, eucalyptus, thyme, sage tea, lavender, orange, laurel, lemon, myrtle, lemon, rosemary and juniper) was tested by a disc diffusion method against food borne pathogens (escherichia coli, salmonella paratyphi a, klebsiella pneumoniae, yersinia enterocolitica, pseudomonas aeruginosa, aeromonas hydrophila, campylobacter jejuni, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus). the major components in essential oils were monoterpenes hydrocarb ... | 2015 | 26072990 |
| impact of cell-free supernatant of lactic acid bacteria on putrescine and other polyamine formation by foodborne pathogens in ornithine decarboxylase broth. | conversion of ornithine to putrescine by salmonella paratyphi a, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli was investigated in ornithine decarboxylase broth (odb) using cell-free supernatants (cfss) obtained from leuconostoc mesenterodies subsp. cremoris, pediococcus acidilactici, lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, streptococcus thermophilus. two groups of cell-free supernatants (25 or 50%) and control (only odb) were prepared to investigate putrescine (put) and other po ... | 2015 | 26043863 |
| antibacterial potential of a basic phospholipase a2 (vrv-pl-viiia) from daboia russelii pulchella (russell's viper) venom. | microbial/bacterial resistance against antibiotics poses a serious threat to public health. furthermore, the side effects of these antibiotics have stimulated tremendous interest in developing new molecules from diverse organisms as therapeutic agents. this study evaluates the antibacterial potential of a basic protein, vipera russellii venom phospholipase a2 fraction viiia (vrv-pl-viiia), from daboia russelii pulchella venom against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | 2015 | 26042153 |
| antimicrobial resistance and management of invasive salmonella disease. | invasive salmonella infections (typhoidal and non-typhoidal) cause a huge burden of illness estimated at nearly 3.4 million cases and over 600,000 deaths annually especially in resource-limited settings. invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (ints) infections are particularly important in immunosuppressed populations especially in sub-saharan africa, causing a mortality of 20-30% in vulnerable children below 5 years of age. in these settings, where routine surveillance for antimicrobial resistance i ... | 2015 | 25912288 |
| towards sustainable public health surveillance for enteric fever. | enteric fever that results from infection by the typhoidal salmonellas (salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a, b and c) is a life-threatening preventable illness. surveillance of enteric fever is important to understand current burden of disease, to track changes in human health burden from increasing antimicrobial resistance and to assess the impact of efforts to reduce disease burden. since enteric fever occurs predominantly in low income communities, expensive surveillance is not sustai ... | 2015 | 25912287 |
| live attenuated vaccines for invasive salmonella infections. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi produces significant morbidity and mortality worldwide despite the fact that there are licensed salmonella typhi vaccines available. this is primarily due to the fact that these vaccines are not used in the countries that most need them. there is growing recognition that an effective invasive salmonella vaccine formulation must also prevent infection due to other salmonella serovars. we anticipate that a multivalent vaccine that targets the following serovars wi ... | 2015 | 25902362 |
| molecular characterization of salmonella paratyphi b dt+ and salmonella heidelberg from poultry and retail chicken meat in colombia by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | salmonella paratyphi b dt+ variant (also termed salmonella java) and salmonella heidelberg are pathogens of public health importance that are frequently isolated from poultry. as a step toward implementing the colombian integrated program for antimicrobial resistant surveillance, this study characterized molecular patterns of salmonella paratyphi b dt+ and salmonella heidelberg isolated from poultry farms, fecal samples, and retail chicken meat using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the ... | 2015 | 25836408 |
| acute pancreatitis and aseptic meningitis: rare complications of salmonella paratyphi infection. | 2015 | 25817826 | |
| antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized by marine ochrobactrum sp. | metal nanoparticle synthesis is an interesting area in nanotechnology due to their remarkable optical, magnetic, electrical, catalytic and biomedical properties, but there needs to develop clean, non-toxic and environmental friendly methods for the synthesis and assembly of nanoparticles. biological agents in the form of microbes have emerged up as efficient candidates for nanoparticle synthesis due to their extreme versatility to synthesize diverse nanoparticles with varying size and shape. in ... | 2014 | 25763025 |
| a highly sensitive elisa and immunochromatographic strip for the detection of salmonella typhimurium in milk samples. | murine monoclonal antibodies to target salmonella typhimurium flagellin and lipopolysaccharide (lps) were prepared and characterized. for the immunological detection of s. typhimurium, different pairs of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were tested in a sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) format. after comparison, a sandwich elisa and immunochromatographic strip based on lps mabs was established to detect s. typhimurium. the determination limits of the immunochromatographic strip in p ... | 2015 | 25746094 |
| salmonella l-forms: formation in human bile in vitro and isolation culture from patients' gallbladder samples by a non-high osmotic isolation technique. | bacterial l-forms have always been considered as osmotic-pressure-sensitive cell-wall-deficient bacteria and isolation culture of l-forms must use media with high osmotic pressure. however, isolation culture of stable l-forms formed in humans and animals is very difficult because they have adapted to the physiological osmotic pressure condition of the host. we use a non-high osmotic isolation technique to isolate stable l-forms of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a from bile-inducer cul ... | 2015 | 25703211 |
| pyrosequencing analysis of microbial community and food-borne bacteria on restaurant cutting boards collected in seri kembangan, malaysia, and their correlation with grades of food premises. | this study adopts the pyrosequencing technique to identify bacteria present on 26 kitchen cutting boards collected from different grades of food premises around seri kembangan, a city in malaysia. pyrosequencing generated 452,401 of total reads of otus with an average of 1.4×10(7) bacterial cells/cm(2). proteobacteria, firmicutes and bacteroides were identified as the most abundant phyla in the samples. taxonomic richness was generally high with >1000 operational taxonomic units (otus) observed ... | 2015 | 25679309 |
| should close contacts of returning travellers with typhoid fever be protected by vaccination? | increasing international travel to areas endemic for typhoid fever correlates with increased risk for travellers to contract the disease. at home, the acutely ill/convalescent patients may pose some risk to their close contacts. in finland an unofficial guideline suggests vaccination for close contacts of patients with acute typhoid fever; in other developed countries, routine typhoid vaccinations are only recommended to contacts of chronic carriers. this paper discusses the possibilities and li ... | 2015 | 25678244 |
| a case of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a from india. | enteric fever caused by salmonella enterica is a systemic infection with high rates of morbidity and mortality. increasing antibiotic resistance in s. enterica has led to shift in the choice of antibiotics used against this organism from chloramphenicol and ampicillin to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones, and extended-spectrum cephalosporins. resistance to cephalosporins, due to the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls), is the cause of serious concern worldwide. ... | 2015 | 25673610 |
| structural analysis of the o-acetylated o-polysaccharide isolated from salmonella paratyphi a and used for vaccine preparation. | salmonella paratyphi a is increasingly recognized as a common cause of enteric fever cases and there are no licensed vaccines against this infection. antibodies directed against the o-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide of salmonella are protective and conjugation of the o-polysaccharide to a carrier protein represents a promising strategy for vaccine development. o-acetylation of s. paratyphi a o-polysaccharide is considered important for the immunogenicity of s. paratyphi a conjugate vacc ... | 2015 | 25665787 |
| comparative efficacy of chloramphenicol loaded chondroitin sulfate and dextran sulfate nanoparticles to treat intracellular salmonella infections. | salmonella paratyphi a is a food-borne gram-negative pathogen and a major public health challenge in the developing world. upon reaching the intestine, s. paratyphi a penetrates the intestinal epithelial barrier; and infects phagocytes such as macrophages and dendritic cells. s. paratyphi a surviving within macrophages is protected from the lethal action of antibiotics due to their poor penetration into the intracellular compartments. hence we have developed chloramphenicol loaded chondroitin su ... | 2015 | 25645750 |
| successful endoscopic hemoclipping of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding from paratyphoid a fever. | paratyphoid fever can be complicated by massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding with ileocolonic ulcerations, which are commonly localized using colonoscopy. the most common manifestations include multiple, variable-sized, round or oval-shaped, punched-out ulcers. occasionally, massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding can occur from erosion of blood vessels. we present a rare case of severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding due to paratyphoid a fever that was successfully controlled with hemoclippi ... | 2015 | 25624745 |
| antibacterial efficacy of five medicinal plants against multidrug-resistant enteropathogenic bacteria infecting under-5 hospitalized children. | to evaluate in vitro antibacterial effectiveness of five medicinal plants used by an indian aborigine, against 8 multidrug-resistant (mdr) enteropathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples of under-5 hospitalized children. | 2015 | 25609371 |
| mix-infection of s. typhi and paratyphi a in typhoid fever and chronic typhoid carriers: a nested pcr based study in north india. | enteric fever is a systemic disease caused by salmonella organism such as serotypes typhi and paratyphi a, b, c. salmonella paratyphi a contributes more than 50% of all the enteric fever cases and it has recently been projected as an emerging pathogen. | 2014 | 25584217 |
| detection of salmonella in blood by pcr using irob gene. | salmonella, a genus of more than 2500 serological variants (serovars), includes many organisms that can cause human disease. enteric fever remains an important public health problem in developing countries. non typhoidal salmonella generally produce a self limited gastroenteritis in healthy individuals whereas in extremes of age and immunocompromised cause severe fatal disease. the protean manifestations make this disease a true diagnostic challenge. | 2014 | 25584214 |
| antibacterial potential of a basic phospholipase a2 (vrv-pl-v) of daboia russellii pulchella (russell's viper) venom. | microbial/bacterial resistance against antibiotics is considered as a potentially serious threat to public health. further, as these antibiotics elicit side effects, there is interest in developing new molecules with novel modes of action from diverse organisms. along these lines, in this study the antibacterial potential of the basic protein vrv-pl-v (vipera russellii venom phospholipase a2 fraction v) of daboia russellii pulchella venom was evaluated. vrv-pl-v demonstrated a potent antibacteri ... | 2014 | 25540009 |
| separation, purification, and identification of flagellin, and preparation of its antisera. | the aim of this study was to separate, purify, and identify salmonella paratyphi a flagellin, and to prepare its antisera. primary flagellin was isolated from s. paratyphi a using the acid lysis method. the flagellin was purified with weak anion exchange chromatography and the protein was identified with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), western blot, and negative staining with phosphotungstic acid with scanning electron microscopy (sem). the production of the ... | 2014 | 25501138 |
| the influence of the cell free solution of lactic acid bacteria on tyramine production by food borne-pathogens in tyrosine decarboxylase broth. | the function of cell-free solutions (cfss) of lactic acid bacteria (lab) on tyramine and other biogenic amine production by different food borne-pathogens (fbps) was investigated in tyrosine decarboxylase broth (tdb) using hplc. cell free solutions were prepared from four lab strains. two different concentrations which were 50% (5 ml cfs+5 ml medium/1:1) and 25% (2.5 ml cfs+7.5 ml medium/1:3) cfs and the control without cfs were prepared. both concentration of cfs of streptococcus thermophilus a ... | 2015 | 25465993 |
| physiological characteristics of crab portunus sanguinolentus egg mass extract from southeast coast of india. | the present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the physiological characteristics of crab egg mass (portunus sanguinolentus) crude extract. | 2015 | 25423672 |
| re-emergence of susceptibility to conventional first line drugs in salmonella isolates from enteric fever patients in nepal. | enteric fever is endemic in nepal and poses a significant public health burden. the first-line drugs ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole have not been part of empirical therapy for two decades due to the development of multidrug-resistant salmonella strains. the objective of this study was to determine the antibiogram pattern of salmonella serovars isolated from the blood of clinically suspected enteric fever patients. | 2014 | 25390062 |
| complex adaptive immunity to enteric fevers in humans: lessons learned and the path forward. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi), the causative agent of typhoid fever, and s. paratyphi a and b, causative agents of paratyphoid fever, are major public health threats throughout the world. although two licensed typhoid vaccines are currently available, they are only moderately protective and immunogenic necessitating the development of novel vaccines. a major obstacle in the development of improved typhoid, as well as paratyphoid vaccines is the lack of known immunological correlat ... | 2014 | 25386175 |
| bacterial etiologies of five core syndromes: laboratory-based syndromic surveillance conducted in guangxi, china. | under the existing national surveillance system in china for selected infectious diseases, bacterial cultures are performed for only a small percentage of reported cases. we set up a laboratory-based syndromic surveillance system to elucidate bacterial etiologic spectrum and detect infection by rare etiologies (or serogroups) for five core syndromes in the given study area. | 2014 | 25360596 |
| a novel tool for capture and detection of typhoid fever using ag-labeled nanocomposites. | this work investigated a simple and versatile modification to a solid substrate to develop antibody recognition using nanoparticles. the new immobilized metal ion affinity adsorbent containing nanoparticles and hydrophilic resins is proposed here to improve the binding of antigen on its surface. the light-scattering properties of submicroscopic metal particles ranging from 100 to 120 nm in diameter were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. we found that synthesized nanoparticles have an in ... | 2014 | 25338205 |
| salmonella paratyphi a-infected ovarian cyst in returning traveller--an unusual complication of enteric fever. | we report a case of salmonella paratyphi a enteric fever in a returned new zealand traveller complicated by an infected ovarian cyst, which resulted in clinical and microbiological relapse despite appropriate antibiotic treatment. extraintestinal manifestations of enteric fever are infrequent but should be considered in situations where treatment response to first-line antibiotics for adequate duration is suboptimal. | 2014 | 25225762 |
| synergistic and antagonistic effect of lactic acid bacteria on tyramine production by food-borne pathogenic bacteria in tyrosine decarboxylase broth. | the effect of lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains on tyramine (tyr) and also other biogenic amines (ba) production by eight common food-borne pathogen (fbp) in tyrosine decarboxylase broth (tdb) was investigated by using a rapid hplc method. significant differences were observed among the fbp strains in ammonia (amn) and ba production apart from tryptamine, histamine (his) and spermine formation (p<0.05). salmonella paratyphi a was characterised as the main amine producer. lab had an important sy ... | 2011 | 25214109 |
| the function of lactic acid bacteria and brine solutions on biogenic amine formation by foodborne pathogens in trout fillets. | the influences of lactic acid bacteria and brine solutions on the biogenic amine formation by staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterococus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria monocytogenes, aeromonas hydrophila and salmonella paratyphi a in fermented trout fillets were investigated. fish fillets were divided into four groups, group 1 without any lactic acid bacteria inoculation, group 2 and group 3 with different salt concentration inoculated with lactic aci ... | 2011 | 25212358 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhi and the pathogenesis of typhoid fever. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi, the cause of typhoid, is host restricted to humans. s. typhi has a monophyletic population structure, indicating that typhoid in humans is a relatively new disease. antimicrobial usage is reshaping the current s. typhi global population and may be driving the emergence of a specific haplotype, h58, that is well adapted to transmission in modern settings and is able to resist antimicrobial killing more efficiently than other s. typhi. evidence gathered through g ... | 2014 | 25208300 |
| collagenases in an ether extract of bacterial metabolites used as an immunostimulator induces tnf-α and ifn-γ. | non-specific immunostimulation by bacterial extracts and their components are widely accepted for the prevention and treatment of several infectious diseases. an ether extract of the metabolites of ß-streptococcus, staphylcoccus albus, staphylcoccus aureus, escherichia coli, haemophilus influenza, moraxella caterhalis, salmonella typhi (standard o & h), salmonella paratyphi (a & b) and diptheroid bacilli along with bile lipids is used as a licensed drug for immunostimulation. while characterizin ... | 2014 | 25203593 |
| gastroenteritis due to typhoidal salmonella: a decade of observation at an urban and a rural diarrheal disease hospital in bangladesh. | the study aimed to compare the socio-demographic, host and clinical characteristics, seasonality and antimicrobial susceptibility of typhoidal salmonella (salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi) (ts) with diarrhea between urban and rural bangladesh. | 2014 | 25098316 |
| case report: failure under azithromycin treatment in a case of bacteremia due to salmonella enterica paratyphi a. | limited information is available regarding the clinical efficacy of azithromycin for the treatment of enteric fever due to fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi among travelers returning to their home countries. | 2014 | 25041573 |
| extra-intestinal salmonellosis in a tertiary care center in south india. | the present study is a retrospective analysis of a total of 36 cases of bacteriologically proven extra-intestinal salmonellosis, managed at nizam's institute of medical sciences, between 1987 and 2012 (25 years). the extra-intestinal sites involved were the skin, cerebrum, spleen, ovary, synovium, and the skeletal muscle. | 2014 | 25022292 |
| comparative evaluation of various tests for diagnosis of concurrent malaria and typhoid fever in a tertiary care hospital of northern india. | malaria and typhoid are two major infectious diseases, still prevalent in most of the tropical countries including india. millions of individuals residing in these endemic cases contact these diseases either concurrently or as acute infection superimposed on a chronic one. | 2014 | 24995183 |
| honing in on enteric fever. | the use of metabolomics could lead to improved diagnostics for enteric fever. | 2014 | 24986861 |
| a colonisation-inhibition culture consisting of salmonella enteritidis and typhimurium δhilassraflig strains protects against infection by strains of both serotypes in broilers. | consumption of contaminated poultry meat is still an important cause of salmonella infections in humans and there is a need for control methods that protect broilers from day-of-hatch until slaughter age against infection with salmonella. colonisation-inhibition, a concept in which a live salmonella strain is orally administered to day-old chickens and protects against subsequent challenge, can potentially be used as control method. in this study, the efficacy of a salmonella typhimurium δhilass ... | 2014 | 24975814 |
| paratyphoid fever: splicing the global analyses. | the incidence of enteric fever caused by salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a (s. paratyphi a) is increasing in many parts of the world. although there is no major outbreak of paratyphoid fever in recent years, s. paratyphi a infection still remains a public health problem in many tropical countries. therefore, surveillance studies play an important role in monitoring infections and the emergence of multidrug resistance, especially in endemic countries such as india, nepal, pakistan and china ... | 2014 | 24904229 |