Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| efficacy and safety of echinacea in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized controlled trial. | echinacea is a widely used herbal remedy for treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (uris). however, there are few data on the efficacy and safety of echinacea in treating uris in children. | 2003 | 14657066 |
| enhancement of the humoral immune response by echinacea purpurea in female swiss mice. | various preparations of the plant echinacea purpurea have been investigated for their potential to enhance immune function, primarily through activation of innate immune responses. few studies have examined the potential for enhancement of humoral immunity. using female swiss mice we administered a volumetric dose of a glycerine extract of e. purpurea by oral gavage, to evaluate effects on the igm specific antibody forming cell (afc) response. four days of treatment following immunization with s ... | 2003 | 14686797 |
| efficacy of a standardized echinacea preparation (echinilin) for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | recently, echinacea has regained popularity as one of the treatments chosen most commonly by consumers with the expectation that it will reduce the severity and duration of the common cold. however, the results from a limited number of clinical trials for this application have thus far been inconclusive. this incongruity may be the result of investigators utilizing poorly standardized echinacea products, likely devoid of sufficient quantities of active constituents necessary to exert a definitiv ... | 2004 | 14748902 |
| the effect of echinacea (echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome p450 activity in vivo. | echinacea is a widely available over-the-counter herbal remedy. tinctures of echinacea have been shown to inhibit cytochrome p450 (cyp) in vitro. the effect of echinacea (echinacea purpurea root) on cyp activity in vivo was assessed by use of the cyp probe drugs caffeine (cyp1a2), tolbutamide (cyp2c9), dextromethorphan (cyp2d6), and midazolam (hepatic and intestinal cyp3a). | 2004 | 14749695 |
| comparative controlled study of andrographis paniculata fixed combination, kan jang and an echinacea preparation as adjuvant, in the treatment of uncomplicated respiratory disease in children. | a three-arm study comparing the efficacy of kan jang, a fixed herbal combination containing standardized andrographis paniculata (n.) sha-10 extract, with immunal, a preparation containing echinacea purpurea (l.) extract, in uncomplicated common colds was carried out in 130 children aged between 4 and 11 years over a period of 10 days. the study was designed as an adjuvant treatment of kan jang and immunal with a standard treatment. the patients were assigned to one of the three groups. in contr ... | 2004 | 14750201 |
| [applied fundamental research of echinacea species]. | echinacea is a most famous "immune herb" in western countries, and continues to be the best selling herb for many years. for the last five years, our research group has cooperated with institute of medicinal plants in huairou district of beijing, carrying out studies on echinacea purpurea, which involved botany, cultivation, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology and toxicology of the species. two other species introduced from canada, echinacea angustifolia and echinacea pa ... | 2004 | 14970897 |
| planting densities and bird and rodent absence affect size distributions of four dicots in synthetic tallgrass communities. | variability in the size distributions of populations is usually studied in monocultures or in mixed plantings of two species. variability of size distributions of populations in more complex communities has been neglected. the effects of seeding density (35 or 350 seeds/species/m2) and presence of small vertebrates on the variability of size distributions were studied for a total of 1,920 individuals of 4 species in replicated synthetic communities of 18 species in northern illinois. end-of seas ... | 2004 | 14986097 |
| [immuno-modulating properties of medicinal plant preparation from echinacea purpurea]. | 2003 | 15002179 | |
| dual induction rather than intermediate daylength response of flowering in echinacea purpurea. | echinacea purpurea cv. bravado and magnus have been reported to be intermediate daylength plants (idp) which flower in response to photoperiods between 13 and 16 h. the present experiments with e. purpurea cv. bravado show that e. purpurea is actually a dual induction short-long-day plant which flowers promptly and consistently when grown in short day (sd) followed by long day (ld) conditions, but not with the reverse sequence of photoperiods. the flowering response increased with increasing dur ... | 2004 | 15032865 |
| genetic diversity of echinacea species based upon amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. | the taxonomy of echinacea is based on morphological characters and has varied depending on the monographer. the genus consists of either nine species and four varieties or four species and eight varieties. we have used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflp) to assess genetic diversity and phenetic relationships among nine species and three varieties of echinacea (sensu mcgregor). a total of 1086 fragments, of which approximately 90% were polymorphic among echinacea taxa, were generated f ... | 2004 | 15060607 |
| an approach to the in vitro evaluation of potential for cytochrome p450 enzyme inhibition from herbals and other natural remedies. | herbals and other natural remedies could affect the disposition of conventional pharmaceuticals through inhibition of human cytochrome p-450 (cyp) enzymes. we have developed an approach to the problem of determining a critical potential for cyp enzyme inhibition by commercial herbal remedies etcetera using standardised extraction procedures in combination with commercially available human cyp enzyme 3a4, 2d6 and 2c19 inhibition assays. we present a survey of commercially available natural remedi ... | 2004 | 15070158 |
| cytokine production by non-adherent mouse splenocyte cultures to echinacea extracts. | echinacea is commonly used in oral dosage as an immune stimulant to increase resistance to viral, bacterial and fungal infections of the upper respiratory tract. it has been suggested that echinacea is able to stimulate innate immune responses, including those regulated by macrophages and natural killer cells. indeed, macrophages respond to purified polysaccharide and alkylamide preparations. however, the mechanisms for stimulation of cells responsible for adaptive immunity have not been fully e ... | 2004 | 15115689 |
| echinacea purpurea for prevention of experimental rhinovirus colds. | a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the ability of echinacea purpurea to prevent infection with rhinovirus type 39 (rv-39). forty-eight previously healthy adults received echinacea or placebo, 2.5 ml 3 times per day, for 7 days before and 7 days after intranasal inoculation with rv-39. symptoms were assessed to evaluate clinical illness. viral culture and serologic studies were performed to evaluate the presence of rhinovirus infection. a total ... | 2004 | 15156472 |
| echinacea purpurea therapy for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. | echinacea purpurea stimulates the immune response and is promoted to reduce symptom severity and the duration of upper respiratory tract infections. we sought to determine the efficacy of a standardized preparation of e purpurea in reducing symptom severity and duration of the common cold. | 2004 | 15197051 |
| herbal remedies in the united states: potential adverse interactions with anticancer agents. | interest in the use of herbal products has grown dramatically in the western world. recent estimates suggest an overall prevalence for herbal preparation use of 13% to 63% among cancer patients. with the narrow therapeutic range associated with most anticancer drugs, there is an increasing need for understanding possible adverse drug interactions in medical oncology. | 2004 | 15197212 |
| [compensatory reactions of immune system and action of purple coneflower (echinacea purpurea (l.) moench) preparations]. | the objective of the study was to investigate the mechanisms of action of purple coneflower (echinacea purpurea (l.) moench) preparations on the immune system and to define which part of the plant is the most effective as an immunostimulator. | 2004 | 15252231 |
| antioxidant and immuno-enhancing effects of echinacea purpurea. | we studied the protective effects of echinacea purpurea against radiation by evaluating changes in the peripheral blood cell count and peripheral blood antioxidant activity. e. purpurea administration had a suppressive effect on radiation-induced leukopenia, especially on lymphocytes and monocytes, and resulted in a faster recovery of blood cell counts. mouse peripheral blood antioxidant activity was increased by e. purpurea, and a relationship between the suppressive effect on radiation-induced ... | 2004 | 15256730 |
| complementary and alternative interventions in asthma, allergy, and immunology. | to review which herbs are most commonly used as complementary and alternative medicine (cam) for treatment of asthma, allergy, and immunologic conditions. | 2004 | 15330011 |
| monoclonal antibodies against an arabinogalactan-protein from pressed juice of echinacea purpurea. | pressed juices of the aerial parts of echinacea purpurea are used as non-specific immunostimulants, and arabinogalactan-proteins (agps) have been shown to be part of the active principle. monoclonal antibodies against an agp from pressed juice of echinacea purpurea with complement-stimulating activity have been established by means of hybridoma techniques. to test the specificity of the antibodies, several other arabinogalactan-proteins from suspension cultures of echinacea purpurea, the roots o ... | 2004 | 15386194 |
| ocular side effects from herbal medicines and nutritional supplements. | to review the more significant herbal and nutritional agents of clinical importance to ophthalmologists and describe the ocular side effects for each. world health organization (who) classification and guidelines for clinicians are provided. | 2004 | 15488795 |
| in vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome p450 phenotypes: citrus aurantium, echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto. | phytochemical-mediated modulation of cytochrome p450 (cyp) activity may underlie many herb-drug interactions. single-time point phenotypic metabolic ratios were used to determine whether long-term supplementation of citrus aurantium , echinacea purpurea , milk thistle (silybum marianum), or saw palmetto (serenoa repens) extracts affected cyp1a2, cyp2d6, cyp2e1, or cyp3a4 activity. | 2004 | 15536458 |
| the effect of echinacea purpurea extract on sexual glands of male rats. | fifty percent of men over the age of fifty are diagnosed benign prostate hyperplasia. it is caused by disorders in the balance of androgens and estrogens, depending on the activity of sexual glands; therefore it is advisable to examine the functioning of these organs and to determine the pathogenetic mechanism of effect of this pathology. the antiandrogenic effect of echinacea preparations was examined in our previous study and hypoplasia of histological structures and the mass reduction of pros ... | 2004 | 15630349 |
| the arabinogalactan-proteins from pressed juice of echinacea purpurea belong to the hybrid class of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins. | pressed juices from echinacea purpurea are used as non-specific immunostimulants, and arabinogalactan-proteins (agps) are part of the active principle. an agp fraction was isolated from pressed juice of e. purpurea by precipitation with ss-glucosyl yariv reagent, followed by gel-permeation chromatography. polyclonal antibodies directed against the carbohydrate moiety of this agp fraction showed a preferential specificity for e. purpurea agps from pressed juice over those extracted from e. purpur ... | 2005 | 15678375 |
| use of echinacea in upper respiratory tract infection. | the significant burden of upper respiratory tract infection in adults and children, coupled with a lack of specific treatment options, invites the use of alternative therapies. echinacea is an herb widely used for the prevention or treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. this review article examines the mechanism of action, dose, and types of echinacea used for these purposes. the principal mode of action of echinacea is through immunostimulation. most echinacea studies were done in germ ... | 2005 | 15813158 |
| [effectiveness of echinacin in therapy of chronic recurrent respiratory disease]. | echinacea purpurea (echinacin) is frequently used in the therapy of chronic recurrent respiratory disease. the aim of this study was to show whether treatment of chronic recurrent respiratory disease with echinacin has a greater benefit in terms of effectiveness than therapy without an immunomodulator. | 2005 | 15856390 |
| high-resolution method for regulatory control of echinacea species in nutraceuticals by cd-mekc. | one problem in the international regulatory control of echinacea, a therapeutic nutraceutical, is recognition of caffeoyl solutes and alkamides in different products. cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (cd-mekc) has been applied to echinacea spp. in combination with pattern recognition of some caffeoyl solutes. a novel metric based on relative migration time (rmt) data has been developed in ce to address the problem of variable reported migration time. the cd-mekc metho ... | 2005 | 15862662 |
| echinacea alkamide disposition and pharmacokinetics in humans after tablet ingestion. | echinacea is a widely used herbal remedy for the treatment of colds and other infections. however, almost nothing is known about the disposition and pharmacokinetics of any of its components, particularly the alkamides and caffeic acid conjugates which are thought to be the active phytochemicals. in this investigation, we have examined serial plasma samples from 9 healthy volunteers who ingested echinacea tablets manufactured from ethanolic liquid extracts of echinacea angustifolia and echinacea ... | 2005 | 15919096 |
| efficiency of echinacea purpurea on performance and immune status in pigs. | the aim of the present investigation was to examine the inclusion of the dried herb echinacea purpurea (l.) moench as feed additive in diets of sows, piglets, and grower/finisher pigs on growth performance, blood picture, plasma enzymes including proliferation of lymphocytes, antibody status, and protein and immune globulin content of colostrum. the control groups were supplemented with alfalfa meal. the sows (total 36) received 0%, 1.2%, or 3.6% echinacea cobs in the diet from day 85 to day 110 ... | 2005 | 15972074 |
| analysis of the inhibitory potential of ginkgo biloba, echinacea purpurea, and serenoa repens on the metabolic activity of cytochrome p450 3a4, 2d6, and 2c9. | to study the potential of three top-selling herbal products, ginkgo biloba, echinacea purpurea, and serenoa repens to inhibit the in vitro enzymatic activity of three of the most important drug metabolizing enzymes, cytochrome p450 (cyp) 3a4, 2d6, and 2c9. | 2005 | 15992226 |
| enhancement of natural killer cells and increased survival of aging mice fed daily echinacea root extract from youth. | in spite of echinacea-based products being among the best-selling herbs in the world to date, to allay assorted ailments, the debate is still on-going with respect to the efficacy of ingesting the herb intermittently, continuously, or only at the beginning of an affliction. we sought, therefore, to find out if mice, receiving dietary echinacea daily, throughout life, from youth until late middle-age, demonstrated any longevity/survival differences, and/or any differences in their various populat ... | 2005 | 16041619 |
| echinacea species (echinacea angustifolia (dc.) hell., echinacea pallida (nutt.) nutt.,echinacea purpurea (l.) moench): a review of their chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties. | this paper reviews the chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties of echinacea species used medicinally. the echinacea species echinacea angustifolia, echinacea pallida and echinacea purpurea have a long history of medicinal use for a variety of conditions, particularly infections, and today echinacea products are among the best-selling herbal preparations in several developed countries. modern interest in echinacea is focused on its immunomodulatory effects, particularly in the prevention ... | 2005 | 16102249 |
| randomized trial of a fixed combination (kanjang) of herbal extracts containing adhatoda vasica, echinacea purpurea and eleutherococcus senticosus in patients with upper respiratory tract infections. | the clinical efficacy of kanjang oral solution, a fixed combination of standardised extracts of echinacea purpurea, adhatoda vasica and eleutherococcus senticosus, was compared with the combined extracts of echinacea purpurea and eleutherococcus senticosus alone (echinacea mixture) in a controlled, double blind, randomized trial, and with bromhexine (a standard treatment) in a controlled, open, randomized clinical trial on patients with non-complicated acute respiratory tract infections. many of ... | 2005 | 16121513 |
| [technology of extract improving the immune system]. | the article deals with the production of the extract of echinacea purpurea herbs when selecting an extractant concentration, the size of particles in a raw material and the method of extraction. using 60% (v/v) ethanol for production of the immune system enhancing extract, the extract becomes green due to pigmental substances; therefore, 60% (v/v), 70% (v/v), and 96% (v/v) ethanol was not used for extraction. it is recommended to use 50% (v/v) ethanol for extraction. using 40% (v/v) ethanol not ... | 2005 | 16160418 |
| a proprietary extract from the echinacea plant (echinacea purpurea) enhances systemic immune response during a common cold. | in a previous paper, it was reported that echinilin (factors r & d technologies, burnaby, british columbia, canada) a formulation prepared from freshly harvested echinacea purpurea plants and standardized on the basis of three known active components (alkamides, cichoric acid and polysaccharides) is effective for the treatment of a naturally acquired common cold. however, the mechanism by which this effect is achieved remains unknown. in the present study, echinilin or placebo were administered ... | 2005 | 16177972 |
| effect of oral administration of freshly pressed juice of echinacea purpurea on the number of various subpopulations of b- and t-lymphocytes in healthy volunteers: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study. | in a recent double-blind placebo-controlled crossover-study the "immune stimulatory" effects (activation of macrophages leading to enhanced phagocytosis and production of several cytokines) of echinacea purpurea preparations (epp) which were observed in vitro experiments and following parenteral administration could not be confirmed following oral application of the drug in healthy volunteers. the aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not oral epp has any effect on important lym ... | 2005 | 16194048 |
| effect on prolactin secretion of echinacea purpurea, hypericum perforatum and eleutherococcus senticosus. | it has been recently reported that prolactin (prl) plays an important role in immune system regulation. in this study we investigated the activity of three natural drugs with immunomodulatory activity: echinacea purpurea (ep), hypericum perforatum (hp) and eleutherococcus senticosus (es) on prl production. male rats were orally treated with two different doses (30 and 100 mg/kg) of extract of these drugs for 3 or 15 days. a 3-day treatment was not able to modify prl serum levels, whereas a 15-da ... | 2005 | 16194051 |
| dietary echinacea purpurea during murine pregnancy: effect on maternal hemopoiesis and fetal growth. | the medicinal benefits of echinacea sp. plants in several disease conditions, including insect bites, respiratory ailments, and even cancer and aids, have been touted for decades. echinacea sp.-based phytoceuticals are among the top selling herbals in the western marketplace today. however, evidence is very scant concerning the effects of using echinacea species herbals during pregnancy. while available data indicates that fetal malformations do not occur during pregnancy in humans consuming thi ... | 2006 | 16210848 |
| human gene expression as a tool to determine horticultural maturity in a bioactive plant (echinacea purpurea l. moench). | a phenological study was conducted to determine the impact of harvest maturity on the immune-modulating properties of echinacea purpurea. the aerial parts of this plant were collected during seven stages of development and were assayed for a common botanical marker for this species, cichoric acid. plants of selected development stages were also assayed for total polysaccharides and compared for their immune-modulating effects on the thp-1 monocyte/macrophage cell line by means of a gene expressi ... | 2005 | 16218658 |
| high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for simultaneous analysis of alkamides and caffeic acid derivatives from echinacea purpurea extracts. | extracts of the plant echinacea purpurea are widely used for medicinal purposes. effective quality control of these extracts requires rapid methods to determine their chemical composition. a new method for analysis of caffeic acid derivatives and alkamides from echinacea extracts has been developed. with this method, isomeric isobutylamides and 2-methylbutylamides can be distinguished, a capability that previously published methods have lacked. quantitative analyses carried out with this method ... | 2006 | 16298376 |
| synergistic antioxidative effects of alkamides, caffeic acid derivatives, and polysaccharide fractions from echinacea purpurea on in vitro oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins. | preparations of echinacea are widely used as alternative remedies to prevent the common cold and infections in the upper respiratory tract. after extraction, fractionation, and isolation, the antioxidant activity of three extracts, one alkamide fraction, four polysaccharide-containing fractions, and three caffeic acid derivatives from echinacea purpurea root was evaluated by measuring their inhibition of in vitro cu(ii)-catalyzed oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein (ldl). the antioxidant ... | 2005 | 16302756 |
| floral nectar production and nectary anatomy and ultrastructure of echinacea purpurea (asteraceae). | in spite of the impressive species diversity in the asteraceae and their widespread appeal to many generalist pollinators, floral-nectary ultrastructure in the family has rarely been investigated. to redress this, a study using echinacea purpurea, a plant of horticultural and nutraceutical value, was undertaken. nectar secretion of disc florets was compared with floral nectary ultrastructure taking into account nectar's potential impact upon the reproductive success of this outcrossing species. | 2006 | 16339769 |
| preparative separation of cichoric acid from echinacea purpurea by ph-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. | ph-zone-refining counter-current chromatography was successfully applied to the separation of cichoric acid from echinacea purpurea (l.) moench. a 3.0 g quantity of sample was separated using the following two-phase solvent system: mtbe-ch3cn-water (4:1:5, v/v), 10 mm trifluoroacetic acid in organic stationary phase and 10 mm ammonia in aqueous mobile phase. the obtained fractions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. ... | 2006 | 16364342 |
| [composite tincture from the tops of the purple coneflower (echinacea purpurea) and the fruits of the dog rose (rosa canina): technology of production and evaluation of quality]. | this paper aimed to elaborate the technology of the production of a composite tincture with an immunostimulatory and adaptogenic effect, to select suitable methods of quality evaluation, and perform stability tests. the tops of the purple coneflower (echinaceae herba) and fruits of the dog rose (cynosbati fructus) in a ratio of 1:1 were employed to prepare the tincture. the tincture itself was prepared in a ratio of 1:5. the experiment revealed that ethanol 50% was the most suitable extracting a ... | 2005 | 16383189 |
| echinacea purpurea for prevention of upper respiratory tract infections in children. | the aim of this study was to determine whether echinacea purpurea given to children for the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection (uri) was effective in reducing the risk of subsequent uri. | 2005 | 16398593 |
| commercial seed lots exhibit reduced seed dormancy in comparison to wild seed lots of echinacea purpurea. | seed germination patterns were studied in e. purpurea (l.) moench grouped by seed source, one group of seven lots from commercially cultivated populations and a second group of nine lots regenerated from ex situ conserved wild populations. germination tests were conducted in a growth chamber in light (40 μmol·m(-2)·s(-1)) or darkness at 25 °c for 20 days after soaking the seeds in water for 10 minutes. except for two seed lots from wild populations, better germination was observed for commercial ... | 2005 | 16429595 |
| patterns of variation in alkamides and cichoric acid in roots and aboveground parts of echinacea purpurea (l.) moench. | we investigated patterns of variation in alkamides and cichoric acid accumulation in the roots and aboveground parts of echinacea purpurea (l.) moench. these phytochemicals were extracted from fresh plant parts with 60% ethanol and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis. concentrations of alkamides and cichoric acid were measured on a dry-weight basis (mg·g(-1)). for total alkamides, concentrations among individual plants varied from 5.02 to 27.67 (mean = 14.4%) in ... | 2005 | 16429598 |
| echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold. | preparations of the plant echinacea (family compositae) are widely used in some european countries and in north america for common colds. most consumers and physicians are not aware that products available under the term echinacea differ appreciably in their composition, mainly due to the use of variable plant material, extraction methods and addition of other components. | 2006 | 16437427 |
| echinacea extracts modulate the pattern of chemokine and cytokine secretion in rhinovirus-infected and uninfected epithelial cells. | extracts of echinacea purpurea are among the most widely used herbal medicines throughout europe and north america for the prevention or treatment of common cold, coughs, bronchitis and other upper respiratory infections. popular preparations include expressed juice from the aerial parts of the plant (which contain polysaccharides) and alcoholic tinctures from roots (containing caffeic acid derivatives and alkylamides). since immune modulation has been reported for similar extracts, cytokine ant ... | 2006 | 16444669 |
| genetic diversity in seed populations of echinacea purpurea controls the capacity for regeneration, route of morphogenesis and phytochemical composition. | the production of new varieties and higher quality products from echinacea spp. requires a greater understanding of the regulation of plant growth and the production of specific phytometabolites. the current studies were designed to generate elite varieties of echinacea purpurea based on regeneration efficiency and chemical profile. clonal propagation of seedling-derived regenerants and screening for antioxidant potential and concentrations of caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, cichoric acid, cyna ... | 2006 | 16477405 |
| structure and accumulation of phenolics in elicited echinacea purpurea cell cultures. | echinacea purpurea cell cultures have been established for the production of secondary and possibly bioactive compounds using elicitation techniques. different elicitors including yeast elicitor, methyl jasmonate, glutathione, and manganese ions were used and compared for their effects on the formation of phenolics in the cell cultures. the accumulation of phenolics in the medium after elicitation with glutathione and manganese ions showed similar patterns as detected by hplc in control medium. ... | 2006 | 16534730 |
| immuno-suppressive effect of blocking the cd28 signaling pathway in t-cells by an active component of echinacea found by a novel pharmaceutical screening method. | aftir (after flowing through immobilized receptor) is a novel method for screening herbal extracts for pharmaceutical properties. using aftir, we identified cynarin in echinacea purpurea by its selective binding to chip immobilized cd28, a receptor of t-cells, which is instrumental to immune functioning. the results of surface plasma resonance show that binding between immobilized cd28 and cynarin is stronger than the binding between cd28 and cd80, a co-stimulated receptor of antigen presenting ... | 2006 | 16539370 |
| determination of the structure and degree of polymerisation of fructans from echinacea purpurea roots. | highly water soluble fructans have been isolated from echinacea purpurea (l.) moench. roots by hot water extraction and precipitation at three different ethanol concentrations (80% v/v, 60% v/v and 40% v/v). the structure of the fructans has been characterised by three analytical methods: gc of silylated oxime derivatives and partially methylated alditol acetates, respectively, as well as 13c nmr analysis. the mean degree of polymerisation (mean dp) of each fructan has been determined by the glu ... | 2006 | 16631147 |
| isolation, culture, and plant regeneration from echinacea purpurea protoplasts. | a plant regeneration system from the isolated protoplasts of echinacea purpurea l. using an alginate solid/liquid culture is described in the chapter. viable protoplasts were isolated rom 100 mg of young leaves of 4-wk-old seedlings in an isolation mixture containing 1.0% cellulase onozuka r-10, 0.5% pectinase, and 0.3 mol/l mannitol. after isolation and purification, the mesophyll protoplasts were embedded into 0.6% na-alginate at the density 1 x 10(-5) ml and cultured in modified murashige and ... | 2006 | 16673918 |
| echinacea alkylamides inhibit interleukin-2 production by jurkat t cells. | alkylamides present in echinacea species have reported immunomodulatory actions, yet their direct effects on t lymphocytes, key mediators of antiviral immunity, are poorly understood. we hypothesized that constituents present in ethanolic extracts of echinacea species exert direct immunomodulatory effects on human jurkat t cells. modulation of il-2 production by submaximally stimulated jurkat cells was determined in response to treatment with extracts prepared from dried aerial parts of echinace ... | 2006 | 16714226 |
| does treatment with echinacea purpurea effectively shorten the course of upper respiratory tract infections in children? | 2006 | 16714733 | |
| binding studies of an arabinogalactan-protein from echinacea purpurea to leucocytes. | flow cytometric investigations show binding of an isolated arabinogalactan-protein (agp) from pressed juice of the aerial parts of echinacea purpurea to the cell surface of human leucocytes. agp demonstrates binding to lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes of different donors (n=8). competition assays with two antibodies, directed against cd4 and cd8, revealed no interaction of agp with these receptors, leading to the conclusion that binding of agp to leucocytes is mediated via other structure ... | 2006 | 16716912 |
| development and validation of a high-throughput based on liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorption and mass spectrometry detection method for quantitation of cichoric acid in echinacea purpurea aerial-based dietary supplements. | a new, rapid, and reproducible reversed-phased liquid chromatography (lc) method with ultraviolet (uv) absorption and/or mass spectrometry (ms) detection has been developed and validated for quantitation of cichoric acid, a major constituent of echinacea spp. the method involves the use of a short phenomenex hydro-rp c18 column (4 microm, 50 mm x 3.0 mm id) and a simple isocratic mobile phase profile. both uv (diode array detector) and selective-ion monitoring (sim) at m/z 472.8 were used for qu ... | 2013 | 16792059 |
| the effect of echinacea purpurea, astragalus membranaceus and glycyrrhiza glabra on cd69 expression and immune cell activation in humans. | the increasing use of medicinal herbs among the general public has piqued the need for scientific-based research to determine the mechanism of action of herbs administered orally in human subjects. the ability of three herbs, echinacea purpurea, astragalus membranaceus and glycyrrhiza glabra, to activate immune cells in human subjects was assessed in this pilot study. the effect of these herbs when ingested for 7 days was measured both when administered singly, and in combination, using flow cyt ... | 2006 | 16807880 |
| modulation of cytokine expression by traditional medicines: a review of herbal immunomodulators. | modulation of cytokine secretion may offer novel approaches in the treatment of a variety of diseases. one strategy in the modulation of cytokine expression may be through the use of herbal medicines. a class of herbal medicines, known as immunomodulators, alters the activity of immune function through the dynamic regulation of informational molecules such as cytokines. this may offer an explanation of the effects of herbs on the immune system and other tissues. for this informal review, the aut ... | 2006 | 16813462 |
| modulatory effects of resveratrol, citroflavan-3-ol, and plant-derived extracts on oxidative stress in u937 cells. | phytochemicals and plant extracts, present in fruit, vegetables, plants, herbs, and beverages, have been shown to have antioxidant potential that may modulate the etiology of certain chronic diseases. the objective of the present study was to determine the concentration of compound that inhibited cell growth by 50% (ic(50)) of a range of phytochemicals and plant extracts and to investigate their antioxidant and genoprotective effects under conditions of oxidative stress in u937 cells. two phytoc ... | 2006 | 16822204 |
| a comparison study of effects of echinacea extract and levamisole on phenytoin-induced cleft palate in mice. | there are many reports that the teratogenic effects of phenytoin, especially cleft palate can be decreased by stimulation of maternal immune system. also, there is some evidence that echinacea extract and levamisole are immunomodulator drugs. so, in this study, we compared the prophylactic effects of levamisole and echinacea extract on teratogenic effects of phenytoin. this study was performed on 32 pregnant mice that were divided into four groups. the first group (control group) received normal ... | 2006 | 16889880 |
| thidiazuron-induced regeneration of echinacea purpurea l.: micropropagation in solid and liquid culture systems. | the goals of this study were to investigate thidiazuron (tdz)-induced morphogenesis of echinacea purpurea l. and to assess the possibility of developing a liquid-based protocol for rapid micropropagation. callus development and root organogenesis were observed on leaf explants cultured on media containing 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid or dicamba, but no plantlets were regenerated. addition of tdz to the culture medium as the sole growth regulator resulted in the production of regenerable callu ... | 2007 | 16897009 |
| genetic transformation of echinacea purpurea with agrobacterium rhizogenes and bioactive ingredient analysis in transformed cultures. | a method of the transformed hairy roots cultures of echinacea purpurea was established by infecting different types of explants with three type strains of agrobacterium rhizogenes (a4, r1601 and r1000) in this paper. we obtained that the transformed percentage of e. purpurea leaves with a4, r1601 and r1000 were 80%, 60%, 40%, respectively and that of e. purpurea leafstalks were 10%, 30%, 45%, respectively. the contents of polysaccharides and phenolic compounds were measured in transformed hairy ... | 2006 | 16982176 |
| bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of echinacea purpurea preparations and their interaction with the immune system. | echinacea is a widely used herbal remedy for the prevention and treatment of the common cold. recently, many new insights concerning the molecular mode of action of the main lipophilic constituents, the alkamides, have renewed interest in this plant. in order to compare the bioavailability of alkamides from liquid and tablet preparations of e. purpurea (echinaforce) in humans and to study the effects on ex vivo stimulated blood cells, a randomized, single-dose, crossover study with 10 (8 test, 2 ... | 2006 | 16995328 |
| echinacea extracts modulate the production of multiple transcription factors in uninfected cells and rhinovirus-infected cells. | extracts of echinacea purpurea are widely used for the prevention and treatment of common colds, coughs, bronchitis and other upper respiratory infections, many of which are caused by rhinoviruses (rvs). recent reports have indicated that rhinoviruses can stimulate the release of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from cultured nasal and bronchial human epithelial cells, and several transcription factors (tfs) have been implicated in this process. the effects of echinacea treatmen ... | 2006 | 17009208 |
| modulatory effects of echinacea purpurea extracts on human dendritic cells: a cell- and gene-based study. | echinacea spp. are popularly used as an herbal medicine or food supplement for enhancing the immune system. this study shows that plant extracts from root [r] and stem plus leaf [s+l] tissues of e. purpurea exhibit opposite (enhancing vs inhibitory) modulatory effects on the expression of the cd83 marker in human dendritic cells (dcs), which are known as professional antigen-presenting cells. we developed a function-targeted dna microarray system to characterize the effects of phytocompounds on ... | 2006 | 17011161 |
| cytotoxic effects of echinacea root hexanic extracts on human cancer cell lines. | echinacea is one of the most widely used alternative medicine in the world. intake of echinacea preparations is common among patients with advanced malignancies enrolled onto phase i chemotherapy trials; however, to our knowledge, no data are available regarding the possible direct effect of echinacea species on human cancer cells. the purpose of the present study was to investigate potential in vitro cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic properties of hexanic root extract of the three medicinal echinacea ... | 2007 | 17052874 |
| growing environment and nutrient availability affect the content of some phenolic compounds in echinacea purpurea and echinacea angustifolia. | medicinal plant production is different from other agricultural production systems in that the plants are grown for the production of specific phytochemical(s) for human use. to address this need, a good manufacturing practice (gmp)-compliant, controlled-environment production system was developed for production of echinacea purpurea and echinacea angustifolia. within the prototype facility, the growing systems, nutrient availability, water and physical environment were highly controlled. the cu ... | 2006 | 17054043 |
| liver enzyme-mediated oxidation of echinacea purpurea alkylamides: production of novel metabolites and changes in immunomodulatory activity. | the medicinal plant echinacea is widely used to treat upper respiratory infections and is reported to stimulate the human immune system. a major constituent class of echinacea, the alkylamides, has immunomodulatory effects. recent studies show that alkylamides are oxidized by cytochrome p450 enzymes, but the immunomodulatory activity of these products is unknown. the objectives of this study were to characterize the products formed by incubation of an echinacea extract and an isolated alkylamide ... | 2006 | 17054047 |
| caffeic acid derivatives production by hairy root cultures of echinacea purpurea. | inoculation of leaf explants of echinacea purpurea (moench) with agrobacterium rhizogenes induced hairy roots with the capacity to produce biologically active caffeic acid derivatives (cads), especially cichoric acid. the kinetics of growth, the uptake of macronutrients, and the accumulation of cads were investigated in heterotrophically cultured hairy roots for a 50 day period. a maximum of 12.2 g l(-1) dry biomass was achieved in ms nutrients supplemented with 30 g l(-1) sucrose on day 40. the ... | 2006 | 17061821 |
| immunomodulatory effects of arabinogalactan-proteins from baptisia and echinacea. | the influences of different arabinogalactan-proteins (agps) on proliferation and igm-production of mouse lymphocytes as well as nitrite- and il6-production of mouse macrophages were investigated in vitro. agps have been isolated and purified from roots of baptisia tinctoria and echinacea pallida and suspension culture of echinacea purpurea. comparing the agps, there are differences with regard to fine structure as well as to activities. agps from roots of b. tinctoria and e. pallida show high ac ... | 2006 | 17085292 |
| open, multicenter study to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of echinaforce forte tablets in athletes. | this open, multicenter study investigated the tolerability and efficacy of a new tablet formulation of echinacea purpurea extract (echinaforce forte; a. vogel, bioforce ag, roggwil, switzerland) in 80 subjects actively involved in sports. most investigators (97.5%) rated the treatment as having "very good" or "good" tolerability. about 75% of patients and investigators rated its efficacy during a common cold as "very good" or "good," and 71% of subjects were free of cold episodes. this study is ... | 2006 | 17142219 |
| echinacea purpurea supplementation stimulates select groups of human gastrointestinal tract microbiota. | the objective of this research was to determine the effects of the dietary supplement echinacea purpurea on aerobic and anaerobic bacteria common to the human gastrointestinal (gi) tract. botanical extracts have shown in vitro antimicrobial effects against certain pathogenic bacteria. it is uncertain if medicinal herbs have any effect against pathogenic bacteria or on the native gi microbiota. | 2006 | 17176365 |
| proliferative activity of echinacea angustifolia root extracts on cancer cells: interference with doxorubicin cytotoxicity. | doxorubicin is an anticancer drug that causes apoptosis in cells, but cardiotoxicity limits the cumulative dose that can remain in the blood. echinacea extracts have been prescribed to supplement cancer chemotherapy. in a recent study, it was reported that echinacea purpurea extracts protected noncancerous cells from apoptosis. our study aimed to determine interference with doxorubicin chemotherapy, and if fractions and compounds from echinacea angustifolia roots protected the cells. cervical an ... | 2006 | 17193302 |
| alkamide stability in echinacea purpurea extracts with and without phenolic acids in dry films and in solution. | degradation of the major alkamides in e. purpurea extracts was monitored under four different accelerated storage conditions, phenolic-depleted and phenolic-rich dry e. purpurea extracts and phenolic-depleted and phenolic-rich dmso e. purpurea extracts at 70, 80, and 90 degrees c. degradation of alkamides followed apparent first-order reaction rate kinetics. alkamides degraded faster in dry films than in dmso solution. the phenolic acids acted as antioxidants by limiting the loss of the alkamide ... | 2007 | 17199322 |
| ocular adverse effects associated with systemic medications : recognition and management. | this article reviews several retrospective case series and reported adverse events regarding common ocular adverse effects related to systemic therapy. it is not intended as a comprehensive summary of these well described adverse drug reactions, nor is it intended to cover the complete spectrum of all ocular adverse effects of systemic therapy. many systemic drugs may produce ocular toxicity, including bisphosphonates, topiramate, vigabatrin, isotretinoin and other retinoids, amiodarone, ethambu ... | 2007 | 17209665 |
| the induction of cyp1a2, cyp2d6 and cyp3a4 by six trade herbal products in cultured primary human hepatocytes. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro inductive potential of six commonly used trade herbal products on cyp1a2, cyp2d6 and cyp3a4 metabolic activities. herbal components were extracted from the trade products in a way that ensured a composition equal to that present in the original product. primary human hepatocytes and specific cyp substrates were used. classic inducers were used as positive controls and herbal extracts were added in in vivo-relevant concentrations. metabolites wer ... | 2007 | 17214607 |
| oral echinacea purpurea extract in low-grade, steroid-dependent, autoimmune idiopathic uveitis: a pilot study. | the aim of to test efficacy and safety of echinacea purpurea (echinacea) extract in the control of low-grade uveitis. | 2006 | 17238809 |
| alkamide levels in echinacea purpurea: a rapid analytical method revealing differences among roots, rhizomes, stems, leaves and flowers. | a rapid extraction, clean-up, and rplc procedure suitable for routine quantitative analyses of alkamide levels in echinacea purpurea extracts is described. the 13c-nmr spectra of the main diene-diyne alkamides in e. purpurea are reported. alkamide levels differed significantly among roots, rhizomes, stems, leaves, and flowers of e. purpurea. roots were distinguished from other plant parts by higher levels of the c12 diene-diyne alkamides, whereas levels of the c12 tetraene alkamides and c11 dien ... | 1997 | 17252329 |
| mekc analysis of different echinacea species. | the distribution pattern of caffeic acid derivatives in echinacea species is complex, and problems with the identity of each drug have been recognized. micellar electrokinetic chromatography (mekc) has been applied to define the fingerprints of echinacea angustifolia, echinacea pallida, and echinacea purpurea, and their mixtures. the results obtained evidence that mekc is a valuable tool for the characterization of these drugs. | 1998 | 17253306 |
| tlc and hplc analysis of alkamides in echinacea drugs1,2. | hplc and tlc methods are presented for the analysis of the alkamides in echinacea purpurea, e. angustifolia, and e. pallida. the roots of e. purpurea and e. angustifolia contain different structural types of alkamides, while the roots of e. pallida were almost void of amides. in contrast, the aerial parts of the three echinacea species yielded very similar alkamide patterns. the methods are suitable for the analytical characterization and standardization of the three species. | 1989 | 17262436 |
| further derivatives of caffeic acid from echinacea purpurea. | in addition to 2,3-dicaffeoyltartaric acid 2-caffeoyl-3-feruoyltartaric acid, three further caffeic acid derivatives were isolated for the first time from the epigeous parts of e. purpurea. their structures were established on the basis of total hydrolysis and spectroscopic methods. | 1988 | 17265236 |
| a germacrene alcohol from fresh aerial parts of echinacea purpurea. | 1988 | 17265332 | |
| comparison of echinacea alkylamide pharmacokinetics between liquid and tablet preparations. | the relative oral bioavailability of alkylamides from two different echinacea dosage forms (liquid and tablet) were compared in a small two-way crossover study in humans (n=3). the liquid preparation investigated contained a mixture of echinacea purpurea root (300 mg/ml) and echinacea angustifolia root (200 mg/ml) extracted in 60% ethanol. the tablet preparation investigated was also a mixture of e. purpurea root (675 mg/tablet) and e. angustifolia root (600 mg/tablet), but was prepared from the ... | 2007 | 17289362 |
| effects of plant extracts on antioxidant status and oxidant-induced stress in caco-2 cells. | experimental evidence suggests that most herbs and spices possess a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities that may protect tissues against o2-induced damage. the objectives of the present study were: first, to determine the effects of plant extracts on the viability, membrane integrity, antioxidant status and dna integrity of caco-2 cells and second, to investigate the cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of these plant extracts against oxidative stress in caco-2 cells. th ... | 2007 | 17298701 |
| the fate of trans-caftaric acid administered into the rat stomach. | trans-caftaric acid is the most abundant nonflavonoid phenolic compound in grapes and wines. it occurs in chicory and is one of the bioactive components of echinacea purpurea. in order to fill the gap of knowledge about its bioavailability in mammals, we investigated its absorption, tissue distribution, and metabolism in rats. assuming that the stomach is a relevant site of absorption of dietary polyphenols, a solution of trans-caftaric acid was maintained in the ligated stomach of anaesthetized ... | 2007 | 17300159 |
| ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in british columbia, canada. | the use of medicinal plants is an option for livestock farmers who are not allowed to use allopathic drugs under certified organic programs or cannot afford to use allopathic drugs for minor health problems of livestock. | 2007 | 17324258 |
| immunologically active polysaccharides from tissue cultures of echinacea purpurea. | 1986 | 17345391 | |
| light-enhanced caffeic acid derivatives biosynthesis in hairy root cultures of echinacea purpurea. | light plays an important role in almost all plant developmental processes and provides the fundamental building blocks for growth, development, primary and secondary metabolism. the effects of light on growth rate and caffeic acid derivative (cads) biosynthesis in hairy root cultures of echinacea purpurea (moench) were assessed. light-grown hairy roots accumulated increased levels of anthocyanins, which became visible in outer cell layer of the cortex as a ring of purple color. the light-grown r ... | 2007 | 17396238 |
| assessment of the effect of echinacea purpurea (l.) moench on apoptotic and mitotic activity of liver cells during intoxication by cadmium. | cadmium (cd(2+)) is an important industrial pollutant, although its mechanism of toxicity has not been completely clarified. cd(2+) is toxic to a wide range of organs and tissues, however, the primary target organs of cd(2+) toxicity are the liver and kidney. echinacea purpurea stimulating one or another tread of the immune system stimulates the expression of immunoglobulins and interferons. the experiments were performed on white laboratory mice using intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections 0.05 ld(5 ... | 2007 | 17404071 |
| influence of echinacea purpurea (l.) moench extract on the toxicity of cadmium. | echinacea purpurea (l.) moench (ep) has many beneficial features, especially strengthening the immune system. cadmium (cd) is a ubiquitous metal and cumulative poison that may cause liver and kidney damage and the formation of neoplasia. in this article, the changes in organs and metabolism, the accumulation of various levels of cd in tissues, and the effects of ep liquid extract on cd-induced changes in mice were investigated. experiments were carried out on the white laboratory mice. solution ... | 2007 | 17404072 |
| use of ethylenediurea (edu) to ameliorate ozone effects on purple coneflower (echinacea purpurea). | purple coneflower plants (echinacea purpurea) were placed into open-top chambers (otcs) for 6 and 12 weeks in 2003 and 2004, respectively, and exposed to charcoal-filtered air (cf) or twice-ambient (2x) ozone (o3) in 2003, and to cf, 2x or non-filtered (nf), ambient air in 2004. plants were treated with ethylenediurea (edu) weekly as a foliar spray. foliar symptoms were observed in >95% of the plants in 2x-treated otcs in both years. above-ground biomass was not affected by 2x treatments in 2003 ... | 2007 | 17412467 |
| cytochrome p450 inhibitory action of echinacea preparations differs widely and co-varies with alkylamide content. | echinacea preparations are one of the best selling herbal medicinal products with a well established therapeutic use in the prophylaxis of upper respiratory tract infections. their consumption is increasing, but information about their ability to inhibit cytochrome p450 enzymes (cyp) is fragmentary. the picture is further complicated by a lack of phytochemical characterization of previously tested preparations. due to its well characterized immunomodulatory activity, the standardized swiss regis ... | 2007 | 17430641 |
| echinacea purpurea and mucosal immunity. | this investigation examined the effects of echinacea purpurea on mucosal immunity and the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract infection (urti). 32 subjects completed an exercise protocol known to affect mucosal immunity. saliva was collected prior to and five minutes after completion of exercise testing. subjects then took either a placebo (c) or echinacea supplement (e) for 4 weeks and the testing procedure was repeated. each time, s-iga concentrations and saliva flow rate were me ... | 2007 | 17436202 |
| the mode of action of thidiazuron: auxins, indoleamines, and ion channels in the regeneration of echinacea purpurea l. | the biochemical mechanisms underlying thidiazuron (tdz)-induced regeneration in plant cells have not been clearly elucidated. exposure of leaf explants of echinacea purpurea to a medium containing tdz results in undifferentiated cell proliferation and differentiated growth as mixed shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. the current studies were undertaken to determine the potential roles of auxin, indoleamines, and ion signaling in the dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of plant cel ... | 2007 | 17483954 |
| antioxidant capacity changes and phenolic profile of echinacea purpurea, nettle (urtica dioica l.), and dandelion (taraxacum officinale) after application of polyamine and phenolic biosynthesis regulators. | the changes of the antioxidant (aoa) and antiradical activities (ara) and the total contents of phenolics, anthocyanins, flavonols, and hydroxybenzoic acid in roots and different aerial sections of echinacea purpurea, nettle, and dandelion, after treatment with ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, a polyamine inhibitor (o-phosphoethanolamine, kf), and a phenol biosynthesis stimulator (carboxymethyl chitin glucan, cchg) were analyzed spectrophotometrically; hydroxycinnamic acids content was analyze ... | 2007 | 17579437 |
| large-scale cultivation of adventitious roots of echinacea purpurea in airlift bioreactors for the production of chichoric acid, chlorogenic acid and caftaric acid. | adventitious roots of echinacea purpurea were cultured in airlift bioreactors (20 l, 500 l balloon-type, bubble bioreactors and 1,000 l drum-type bubble bioreactor) using murashige and skoog (ms) medium with 2 mg indole butyric acid l(-1) and 50 g sucrose l(-1) for the production of chichoric acid, chlorogenic acid and caftaric acid. in the 20 l bioreactor (containing 14 l ms medium) a maximum yield of 11 g dry biomass l(-1) was achieved after 60 days. however, the amount of total phenolics (57 ... | 2007 | 17589811 |
| ethnoveterinary medicines used to treat endoparasites and stomach problems in pigs and pets in british columbia, canada. | this paper documents the medicinal plants used to treat endoparasites and stomach problems in dogs, cats and pigs in british columbia, canada. ethnoveterinary data was collected over a 6-month period in 2003. the majority of the information on pets came from 2 naturopaths, 10 herbalists, 5 dog trainers, breeders and pet shop owners, 9 holistic veterinarians and 6 of 27 organic farmers. two pig farmers joined the study in the final stages. the following plants were used as anthelmintics: artemisi ... | 2007 | 17628343 |
| effects of echinacea on electrocardiographic and blood pressure measurements. | the effects of echinacea purpurea on electrocardiographic and blood pressure measurements in healthy volunteers were evaluated. | 2007 | 17646564 |
| [effect of echinacea purpurea tincture and its polysaccharide complex on the efficacy of cytostatic therapy of transferred tumors]. | experiments on c57lb/6 mice with transplanted luis lung carcinoma showed that the officinal echinacea purpurea preparation did not influence the efficacy of cytostatic therapy. this echinacea preparation did not change the development of metastases and even stimulated the tumor growth. in contrast, a hydrophilic polysaccharide complex isolated from echinacea increased the antitumor and antimetastatic activity of cyclophosphamide. | 2007 | 17650630 |