Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the respiratory quotient of gammarus pulex l. | 1976 | 182 | |
| relative susceptibility of stream macroinvertebrates to temephos and chlorpyrifos, determined in laboratory continuous-flow systems. | laboratory techniques are described for evaluating the lethal and behavioral impact of pesticides on a range of stream macroinvertebrates under continuous through-flow and simulated stream conditions. the same basic test unit has been used, with slight modifications, to study the reactions of both simulium larvae and non-target stream invertebrates. on the basis of a standard 1-hr exposure period to different concentrations followed by a 24-hr holding period in a continuous flow of clean water, ... | 1978 | 79339 |
| [the life cycl of maritrema pyrenaica deblock et combes, 1965, a parasite of insectivorous micromammals in the pyrences (author's transl)]. | the life cycle of maritrema pyrenaica is described. m. pyrenaica develops to the sporocyst stage in the snail bythinella reyniesii. the xiphidio-cercaria, monostomous, anenterous in type, is liberated in water and actively penetrates a crustacea gammarus pulex where it encysts. from the point of view of epidemiology, the focuses of m. pyrenaica are divided into two different areas: the area where the parasites multiply (that we call "l'endemiotope") coinciding with the bythinella biotope and the ... | 1979 | 533111 |
| catecholaminergic innervation of muscles in the hindgut of crustaceans. an ultrastructural study. | the crustacean species pacifastacus leniusculus and gammarus pulex were investigated by electron microscopy in a search for possible neuromuscular junctions in the hindgut, which has a rich supply of catecholaminergic fibres. true neuromuscular synapses were found in both species between nerve terminals containing dense-core vesicles (80-110 nm in diam.) and muscle fibres. we suggest that the dense-core vesicle terminals contain a catecholamine, and this is supported by ultrahistochemical tests ... | 1978 | 657243 |
| catecholaminergic salivary glands in gammarus pulex (crustacea, amphipoda): an electron microscopic and microspectrofluorometric study. | 1978 | 702630 | |
| [the life cycle of microphallus gracilis baer, 1943, a parasite of neomys fodiens in the pyrenees. modalities of the transmission of the digenea in nature (author's transl)]. | microphallus gracilis develops to the sporocyst stage in the digestive gland of the snail bythinella reyniesii. the xiphidio-cercaria monostomous, anenterous in type, is liberated in water and actively penetrates a crustacea gammarus pulex where it encysts. from the point of view of the transmission ecology, the natural focuses of m. gracilis are composed of two different areas: an area where the parasite multiplies coinciding with biotope bythinella and an area limited to the length of the rive ... | 1977 | 931318 |
| potential impact of watercress farm discharges on the freshwater amphipod, gammarus pulex l. | 1992 | 1581680 | |
| cadmium resistance in gammarus pulex (l.). | the ability of gammarus pulex to develop cadmium resistance through physiological acclimation was investigated. organisms were found to be significantly more tolerant to acute cadmium toxicity after pre-exposure to sublethal concentrations of cadmium and zinc. the induced elevation in cadmium tolerance was shown to be associated with an increase in the body concentration of a metallothionein-like protein. pre-exposure had no apparent effect on cadmium uptake, although it did influence the distri ... | 1992 | 1616317 |
| toxicity of four common pollutants to the freshwater macroinvertebrates chironomus riparius meigen (insecta:diptera) and gammarus pulex (l.) (crustacea: amphipoda). | the lethal toxicities of the four pollutants 3,4-dichloroaniline (dca), atrazine, copper, and lindane were determined for the 2nd larval instar of the insect chironomus riparius meigen and the juvenile stage (2nd or 3rd moult) of the crustacean gammarus pulex (l.). median lethal concentrations (lc50s) were determined over a 240 h test period. the order of toxicity of the test chemicals is different for each species. for c. riparius, lindane was the most toxic, followed by copper, dca, and atrazi ... | 1991 | 1719943 |
| [lethal activity of benzamido-2 nitro-5 thiazole and its derivatives against lymnaea peregra ovata müller (mollusca: pulmonata) and gammarus pulex pulex l. (crustacea: amphipoda)]. | the toxicity of benzamido-2-nitro-5-thiazole (bnt) and 3 derivatives was studied on lymnaea peregra ovata and gammarus pulex pulex. these results were compared with the toxicity obtained by application of a basic product, niclosamide. the evaluation of lc50 (50% lethality concentration) was studied to evaluate the toxicity of each product after 4 different assay periods: 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. the compounds had a high toxicity against snails. molluscicidal effect was higher than the lethal activit ... | 1991 | 1809214 |
| effects of phthalate esters on the locomotor activity of the freshwater amphipod gammarus pulex. | 1991 | 2001487 | |
| effect of stress on a freshwater benthic detritivore: scope for growth in gammarus pulex. | scope for growth (sfg), a measure of energy balance (between food intake and metabolic output) within animals, has been used as an indicator of pollution stress in marine systems. however, it has not been used commonly in freshwater systems and here we investigate the sensitivity of sfg in gammarus pulex, a benthic freshwater crustacean, under conditions often associated with pollution. the effects of four specific substances were investigated; a metal (zinc), an organic (3,4-dichloroaniline), a ... | 1990 | 2364911 |
| field deployment of a scope for growth assay involving gammarus pulex, a freshwater benthic invertebrate. | scope for growth (sfg) is a measure of the energy balance of an animal (i.e., the difference between energy intake and metabolic output). the sfg of marine invertebrates, particularly the mussel mytilus edulis, has been successfully used as the basis of a field bioassay to detect a range of stresses both natural (temperature, food, salinity) and anthropogenic (hydrocarbons, sewage sludge). sfg of the freshwater amphipod gammarus pulex was found to be a sensitive indicator of stress under laborat ... | 1990 | 2364912 |
| behavioral changes in gammarus pulex and its significance in the toxicity assessment of very low levels of environmental pollutants. | 1990 | 2400842 | |
| short-term experimental acidification of a welsh stream: toxicity of different forms of aluminium at low ph to fish and invertebrates. | a 24-hr dosing experiment was carried out in a soft-water stream in upland wales during which four separate zones were created by the simultaneous addition of sulphuric acid, aluminium sulphate, and citric acid. an upstream control zone (a), an acid zone ph 4.9 (b), an aluminium and acid (total filterable aluminium 0.27 mg/l, ph 4.9) zone (c) and a downstream zone (d) of aluminium complexed with citrate at low ph (total filterable aluminium 0.23 mg/l, ph 4.9). test species exposed in all zones w ... | 2013 | 2923492 |
| use of gammarus pulex (l.) in safety evaluation tests: culture and selection of a sensitive life stage. | a simple and effective method for the laboratory culture of gammarus pulex is described. over 70% of juveniles survived, reaching sexual maturity within 130 days at 13 degrees c, and animals of different ages were available for toxicity tests throughout the year. the acute toxicity of cadmium to cultured animals of several known ages and to field-collected animals of unknown age was determined. juveniles (1 day old, 48 hr lc50 0.019 mg cd liter-1) were found to be almost 250 times more sensitive ... | 1988 | 3168873 |
| [comparative study of the toxicity of metal chlorides and a synthetic organic molluscacide, n-tritylmorpholine, in 2 fresh-water amphipods, gammarus pulex and echinogammarus berilloni]. | the effects of three metal salts (bacl2, cucl2, zncl2) and of n-trityl-morpholine (triphenmorph) were studied on two aquatic amphipod species, gammarus pulex and echinogammarus berilloni. experiments were made up in eucalcic and oligocalcic waters for determining the lc50 at different exposure times. the order of toxicity was the same in eucalcic water with the two species: triphenmorph greater than cu2+ greater than zn2+ greater than ba2+. this order was the same in oligocalcic water with echin ... | 1986 | 3827145 |
| [temperature and shell calcium recovery following moult in echinogammarus berilloni. comparative study with gammarus pulex pulex]. | 1972 | 4651600 | |
| the effect of the acanthocephalan pomphorhynchus laevis upon the respiration of its intermediate host, gammarus pulex. | 1974 | 4826717 | |
| regulation of water and some ions in gammarids (amphipods). ii. gammarus pulex. | 1971 | 5114027 | |
| the development of the body wall of polymorphus minutus (acanthocephala) in its intermediate host gammarus pulex. | 1969 | 5770075 | |
| effects of water hardness, water temperature, and size of the test organism on the susceptibility of the freshwater shrimp, gammarus pulex (l.), to toxicants. | 1983 | 6196066 | |
| species variation and the mechanism of pressure-anaesthetic interactions. | the mechanism of general anaesthesia has proved difficult to elucidate (see ref. 1 for a review), although the relative potencies of anaesthetic agents have been used to establish that the site at which anaesthetics act is hydrophobic in nature. one further clue to their mode of action is that the effects of anaesthetics on vertebrates can be eliminated by pressures of approximately 100 atm (refs 3, 4). however, the effects of anaesthetics are not always reversed in model systems, where there is ... | 2006 | 6332278 |
| acute toxicity of thiram in gammarus pulex: effect of a one-hour contamination and degradation of an aqueous suspension. | 1982 | 7126913 | |
| the effect of calcium on cadmium toxicity in the freshwater amphipod, gammarus pulex (l.). | adult intermolt gammarus pulex were exposed to a range of cadmium concentrations in an artificial stream water containing 20 mg calcium 1(-1). 96 hr and 48 hr lc-50 values obtained were 0.12 and 0.68 mg cd 1(-1), respectively. the influence of external calcium level on cadmium toxicity was investigated at a cadmium concentration of 0.5 mg 1(-1). calcium had an antagonistic effect on cadmium toxicity, and at a calcium concentration of 200 mg 1(-1) experimental animals failed to reach 50% mortalit ... | 1981 | 7259300 |
| effects of 3,4-dichloroaniline on the growth of two freshwater macroinvertebrates in a stream mesocosm. | the growth of the freshwater macroinvertebrates gammarus pulex (l.) and chironomus riparius meigen exposed to 3,4-dichloroaniline in chambers within stream mesocosms was determined. dca significantly affected the growth of neonate g. pulex and third instar c. riparius over 25 and 12 days, respectively. the no-observed-effect concentrations (noecs) obtained in the tests were 0.08 mg dca liter-1 (g. pulex) and 0.76 mg dca liter-1 (c. riparius) and these are compared to toxicity data from other inv ... | 1994 | 7529166 |
| use of a gammarus pulex bioassay to measure the effects of transient carbofuran runoff from farmland. | there is now much information on the presence of pesticides in surface waters, but very little about their actual effects on aquatic life. this paper reports on the transient concentrations of a carbamate insecticide carbofuran, which were observed in a head-water stream draining treated farmland, and describes the resulting effects on a bioassay organism. one month after an application of 3 kg carbofuran/ha as broadcast granules to an oilseed rape crop, carbofuran concentrations of up to 26 mic ... | 1995 | 7539363 |
| effects of lindane on macroinvertebrates and periphyton in outdoor artificial streams. | a system of six outdoor artificial streams (dimensions 5.0 x 0.35 x 0.25 m) was used to study the biological effects of lindane in flowing water. lindane was continuously applied during 28 days to four of the streams while two were left as untreated controls. the nominal concentrations were 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, and 32.0 micrograms liter-1 and the mean measured concentrations of lindane in stream water over 28 days were 3.1, 5.7, 11.1, and 20.3 micrograms liter-1. effects were observed on population d ... | 1993 | 7682922 |
| gammarus pulex (l.) feeding bioassay--effects of parasitism. | 1995 | 8555691 | |
| design of an electronically operated flow-through respirometer and its use to investigate the effects of copper on the respiration rate of the amphipod gammarus pulex (l.). | 1996 | 8694880 | |
| colonization and establishment of pomphorhynchus laevis (acanthocephala) in an isolated english river. | the successful colonization, establishment and spread of pomphorhynchus laevis in a small, isolated, devon river 128 km from the parasite's nearest focus in dorset was followed over 11 years from 1985. the parasite was first detected in anguilla anguilla and platichthys flesus in 1988: by 1995 it had attained prevalence levels of 22.6% in a. anguilla and 43.6% in p. flesus and also occurred in 100% salmo trutta, 50% cottus gobio and noemacheilus barbatulus. as judged by prevalence, abundance, pr ... | 1996 | 8991914 |
| a scanning electron microscope investigation of the effects of pollutants on the hepatopancreatic ceca of gammarus pulex (l.). | scanning electron microscope studies were performed on the peripheral muscle network (myoepithelium) of the hepatopancreatic ceca of gammarus pulex (l.) exposed to lindane, copper, or 3, 4-dichloroaniline (3,4-dca) for a 24-hr period. the structural integrity of the myoepithelium of gammarids from control and test treatments was assessed using semiquantitative techniques. the lowest observed effect concentrations for structural changes were determined as 29.8 microg liter-1 lindane, 55 microg li ... | 1996 | 9006995 |
| the influence of fresh water pollutants and interaction with asellus aquaticus (l.) on the feeding activity of gammarus pulex (l.). | the feeding response of juvenile amphipod gammarus pulex (l.) was investigated following exposure to freshwater pollutants. the method employed is nondestructive, provides a rapid indication of the status of groups of individuals, and is based on a time-response analysis of the consumption of the eggs of artemia salina and the determination of median feeding times or ft50s. the feeding activity of juvenile g. pulex was found to be a sensitive response criterion for use in assessing the sublethal ... | 1998 | 9419272 |
| effects of lead on the activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in gammarus pulex. | 1998 | 9595201 | |
| uptake of lead by pomphorhynchus laevis cystacanths in gammarus pulex and immature worms in chub (leuciscus cephalus). | the uptake of lead by cystacanths of the acanthocephalan pomphorhynchus laevis in naturally infected amphipods, gammarus pulex, and by immature parasites in experimentally infected fish, leuciscus cephalus, was examined following 3-week experimental exposures (0.01 and 0.1 mg l(-1) pb2+). both g. pulex and the cystacanths of p. laevis accumulated lead but concentrations in the parasites were lower than in the host tissues at the low lead dose and significantly lower at the high dose. p. laevis f ... | 1998 | 9694375 |
| patterns of evolutionary change in baikalian gammarids inferred from dna sequences (crustacea, amphipoda). | the baikalian gammarids (crustacea, amphipoda) are the most widely known and most spectacular example of an adaptive radiation among contemporary freshwater invertebrates. to study the phylogeny of the baikalian gammarids we sequenced a 622-bp-long fragment of the nuclear gene coding for 18s rrna from species of 18 endemic baikalian genera and gammarus pulex-a non-baikalian taxon. some important morphological characters appear independently in both lineages and suggest parallelism in the develop ... | 1998 | 9878227 |
| parasite-altered behavior in a crustacean intermediate host: field and laboratory studies. | the effects of the acanthocephalan parasite pomphorhynchus laevis on the behavior of its crustacean intermediate host, the amphipod echinogammarus stammeri, were studied. a drift study revealed that infected amphipods were disproportionately represented in drift samples taken throughout a 24-hr period; infection with more than 1 parasite enhanced this effect. infection also interacted with the daily timing of drift, with parasitized amphipods beginning to drift earlier in the evening. two distin ... | 1998 | 9920297 |
| ttagg telomeric repeats in chromosomes of some insects and other arthropods. | we studied the occurrence of the ttagg telomere repeats by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (fish) and southern hybridization in ten insect species and two other arthropods. (ttagg)n-containing telomeres were found in three lepidoptera species, the silkworm bombyx mori (in which the telomeric sequence was recently discovered), the flour moth ephestia kuehniella, and the wax moth galleria mellonella, in one species of hymenoptera, the honey bee apis mellifera, in one species of coleoptera, the ... | 1999 | 10560968 |
| development of methods for evaluating toxicity to freshwater ecosystems. | this article presents a summary of a collaborative research program involving five european research groups, that was partly funded by the european commission under its environmental research program. the objective of the program was to develop aquatic toxicity tests that could be used to obtain data for inclusion at level 2 of the risk evaluation scheme for the notification of substances as required by the 7th amendment to ec directive 79/831/eec. currently only a very limited number of test me ... | 2000 | 10648133 |
| the role of ion regulation in the control of the distribution of gammarus tigrinus (sexton) in salt-polluted rivers. | fluctuating salinities at different sites on the german salt-polluted rivers werra and weser were compared with extracellular ion levels of specimens of gammarus tigrinus (sexton; amphipoda, crustacea), collected at the same sites. g. tigrinus regulated haemolymph concentrations of inorganic anions (cl-, so(4)2-, po(4)3-) and cations (na+, k+, mg2+, ca2+) during fluctuations of salt pollution in the upper weser. this capacity to regulate varying levels of salt pollution in the upper weser, corre ... | 2000 | 10707328 |
| conflict between co-occurring manipulative parasites? an experimental study of the joint influence of two acanthocephalan parasites on the behaviour of gammarus pulex. | when two parasite species are manipulators and have different definitive hosts, there is a potential for conflict between them. selection may then exist for either avoiding hosts infected with conflicting parasites, or for hijacking, i.e. competitive processes to gain control of the intermediate host. the evidence for both phenomena depends largely on the study of the relative competitive abilities of parasites within their common intermediate host. we studied the effects of simultaneous infecti ... | 2000 | 10874725 |
| the effect of the acanthocephalan parasite pomphorhynchus laevis on the lipid and glycogen content of its intermediate host gammarus pulex. | besides conspicuous changes in behaviour, manipulative parasites may also induce subtle physiological effects in the host that may also be favourable to the parasite. in particular, parasites may be able to influence the re-allocation of resources in their own favour. we studied the association between the presence of the acanthocephalan parasite, pomphorhynchus laevis, and inter-individual variation in the lipid and glycogen content of its crustacean host, gammarus pulex (amphipoda). infected g ... | 2001 | 11306112 |
| runoff simulation with particle-bound fenvalerate in multispecies stream microcosms: importance of biological interactions. | multispecies stream microcosms were used to test the toxicity of the pyrethroid fenvalerate (fv) associated with suspended particles in order to simulate a typical runoff exposure scenario. stream microcosms were exposed for 1 h in triplicate to 0.0, 13.6, 136, or 1,365 microg/kg fv and effects were monitored for 93 d. experimental design allowed for detection of interspecific effects on the emergence and thus survival of the caddisfly species limnephilus lunatus curtis and of intraspecific effe ... | 2001 | 11345450 |
| survival and precopulatory behaviour of gammarus pulex (l.) exposed to two xenoestrogens. | the effects of the xenoestrogens ethinylestradiol (ee) and bisphenol a (bpa) on the survival and reproductive behaviour of the amphipod gammarus pulex were determined in a series of bioassays. acute toxicity of the test chemicals was determined under static conditions, revealing 10 d median lethal concentrations (lc50s) of 0.84 and 1.49 mg/l for ee and bpa, respectively. several aspects of the reproductive behaviour including the ability of males and females to detect each other, form precopulat ... | 2001 | 11394767 |
| differential influence of pomphorhynchus laevis (acanthocephala) on the behaviour of native and invader gammarid species. | although various species of acanthocephalan parasites can increase the vulnerability of their amphipod intermediate hosts to predation, particularly by altering their photophobic behaviour, their influence on the structure of amphipod communities and the success of invader species has so far received little attention. we compared the prevalence and behavioural influence of a fish acanthocephalan parasite, pomphorhynchus laevis, in two species of amphipods, gammarus pulex and gammarus roeseli in ... | 2000 | 11428335 |
| abnormalities in sexual development of the amphipod gammarus pulex (l.) found below sewage treatment works. | increasing numbers of widely used industrial, agricultural, and natural chemicals are known to elicit endocrine-disrupting effects in a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate species. the objective of this study was to determine whether the sexual development of the freshwater crustacean gammarus pulex (l.) was affected below sewage treatment works (stw) previously known to contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals in their effluent. the gonadal structure, external sexual characteristics, and si ... | 2001 | 11491564 |
| acute and chronic effects of particle-associated fenvalerate on stream macroinvertebrates: a runoff simulation study using outdoor microcosms. | agricultural edge-of-field runoff usually contaminates surface waters with particle-associated pesticides. however, the acute and chronic effects on the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities have rarely been addressed. outdoor flow-through stream microcosms were exposed for 1 h in triplicate to approximately 3.1 g/l of total suspended solids spiked with 0.0, 13.6, 136, or 1,365 microg/kg of the pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate (fv). the effects on eight species typical of agricultural streams ... | 2001 | 11525490 |
| effects of chronic ammonium and nitrite contamination on the macroinvertebrate community in running water microcosms. | in the present study, during a three-month exposure lethal and sublethal effects of ammonium and its products on typical brook organisms (gammarus pulex, amphipoda; radix ovata, gastropoda; limnephilus lunatus trichoptera) were monitored in microcosms approximating field conditions. every 24 h during this period the microcosms were contaminated with ammonium at five different nominal concentrations, which by chemical reactions produced a mixture of the toxic products ammonia and nitrite. g. pule ... | 2001 | 11547871 |
| bioenergetics of juveniles of red swamp crayfish (procambarus clarkii). | procambarus clarkii is an endemic north american crayfish species that was introduced into spain in 1973 for aquacultural and fishing purposes. although p. clarkii is a well-studied species for commercial production, there is a great gap in the knowledge of the bioenergetics of juveniles. the aims of this study were to quantify the elements of the energy flow for juveniles of p. clarkii when fed in the laboratory on four different diets. the diets used were: (1) trade commercial feed; (2) variou ... | 2001 | 11672681 |
| [a comparative study on the sensitivity and specificity of cholinesterase and glutathione s-transferase in gammarus pulex l]. | studies on the influences of lindane, pirimiphos methyl, permethrin, zinc and dodecyl linear alkybenzene sulfonate (las) on the activity and toxicity of cholinesterase (che) and glutathione s-transferase (gst) in gammarus pulex l. showed that only pirimiphos methyl caused a change in che activity in gammarus, with a significant reduction in enzyme activity after 24 h and 48 h exposure. both lindane and permethrin caused a change in gst activity in gammarus, with a significant increase in enzyme ... | 2001 | 11758396 |
| patterns of intermediate host use and levels of association between two conflicting manipulative parasites. | for many parasites with complex life cycles, manipulation of intermediate host phenotypes is often regarded as an adaptation to increase the probability of successful transmission. this phenomenon creates opportunities for either synergistic or conflicting interests between different parasite species sharing the same intermediate host. when more than one manipulative parasite infect the same intermediate host, but differ in their definitive host, selection should favour the establishment of a ne ... | 2002 | 11796118 |
| evaluation of the gammarus pulex in situ feeding assay as a biomonitor of water quality: robustness, responsiveness, and relevance. | biomonitoring using benthic macroinvertebrates has been used to assess water quality in europe since the early 20th century. most methods use community-level measurements, and the use of single-species responses has been limited, despite their potential benefits as sensitive, early warning indicators. here we evaluate a single-species in situ assay in which the response is feeding inhibition of the freshwater amphipod gammarus pulex. the assay was deployed in uncontaminated reference sites to qu ... | 2002 | 11833806 |
| population responses of the freshwater amphipod gammarus pulex (l.) to an environmental estrogen, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol. | the effects of the environmental estrogen 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (ee) on mixed populations of 90 individual gammarus pulex were examined following a 100-d exposure in a flow-through system. counts of total animal numbers revealed that, in all treatment groups, population size dramatically increased due to recruitment, with neonate and juvenile gammarids the most abundant. at concentrations of 1 and 10 microg/l ee, the recorded mean population sizes of 385 and 411, respectively, were significan ... | 2002 | 11833814 |
| parasitic infection and developmental stability: fluctuating asymmetry in gammarus pulex infected with two acanthocephalan species. | several studies have reported a negative association between developmental stability and parasitic infection. however, the host-parasite associations examined so far consist only of a limited number of parasite taxa, and developmental stability was appraised on definitive hosts. the present study examines the association between infection by 2 acanthocephalan parasites. pomphorhynchus laevis and polymorphus minutus, and the developmental stability of their common intermediate host gammarus pulex ... | 2002 | 12053979 |
| effects of two acanthocephalan parasites on the fecundity and pairing status of female gammarus pulex (crustacea: amphipoda). | acanthocephalan parasites are known to alter the reproductive biology and physiology of their hosts in various ways. in this study we investigated the influence of two acanthocephalan parasites, pomphorhynchus laevis and polymorphus minutus, on the fecundity and pairing success of female gammarus pulex. the results show that p. laevis and p. minutus affect female intermediate host reproduction in different ways. females infected with p. minutus were totally castrated, whereas those infected with ... | 2002 | 12095239 |
| derivation of a toxicity-based model to predict how water chemistry influences silver toxicity to invertebrates. | the effect of altering water chemistry on acute silver toxicity to three invertebrate species, two daphnids, daphnia magna and daphnia pulex, as well as an amphipod gammarus pulex was assessed. in addition, the physiological basis of ag(i) toxicity to g. pulex was examined. daphnia magna and d. pulex were more sensitive than g. pulex and 48 h lc(50) values in synthetic ion poor water were 0.47, 0.65 and 2.1 microg ag(i) l(-1), respectively. increasing water [cl(-)] reduced ag(i) toxicity in all ... | 2002 | 12356532 |
| biomarkers as diagnostic tools for evaluating effects of unknown past water quality conditions on stream organisms. | the following biomarkers were investigated in stream populations of juvenile brown trout (salmo trutta f. fario) and gammarids (gammarus pulex) to determine if crayfish mortality could have been confounded by pollutants: (1) alterations of fish liver ultrastructure, (2) fish gill and kidney histopathology, (3) stress protein (hsp70) expression in fish liver and gills and in gammarids, and (4) changes in various blood parameters of brown trout. in addition, the following measurements were conduct ... | 2002 | 12521141 |
| parasite altered micro-distribution of gammarus pulex (crustacea: amphipoda). | in a river survey, gammarus pulex amphipods both unparasitised and parasitised with the acanthocephalan echinorhynchus truttae were distributed similarly with respect to flow regimen, tending to be more abundant in faster, shallower, riffle patches. however, there was a higher prevalence of parasitism in faster, shallower areas than in slower, deeper areas and abundance correlated with macrophyte coverage for unparasitised but not parasitised amphipods, indicating subtle differences in habitat u ... | 2003 | 12547346 |
| identification of endocrine-disrupting effects in aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates: report from the european idea project. | the eu-funded project idea aimed to evaluate (a) what parameters and endpoints allow the detection of endocrine-mediated developmental and reproductive effects of (xeno)estrogens in life cycle- and life stage-specific toxicity tests with the zebrafish danio rerio, a small laboratory fish used in many ecotoxicity test guidelines, and (b) whether substances that act as estrogens in vertebrates may also adversely affect the development, differentiation, and reproduction of aquatic invertebrates. th ... | 2003 | 12651186 |
| a predator's dilemma: prey choice and parasite susceptibility in three-spined sticklebacks. | the acanthocephalan parasite pomphorhynchus laevis is transmitted by a suitable intermediate host such as the amphipod gammarus pulex to its definitive fish host. parasite-induced alterations in both appearance and behaviour concur to render infected gammarids more vulnerable to predation, thus promoting parasite transmission. experimental infection of laboratory bred full- and half-sib groups of three-spined sticklebacks (gasterosteus aculeatus) provided evidence that the parasite imposes a sur ... | 2003 | 12741513 |
| uptake and depuration of 4-nonylphenol by the benthic invertebrate gammarus pulex: how important is feeding rate? | the major exposure and uptake route for soluble toxins by aquatic organisms is generally considered to be through the water column. in the case of hydrophobic chemicals, exposure and uptake through diet often take on greater importance as the chemicals adsorb onto organic sediments and food. a chemical that has recently come under close scrutiny because of its toxicity and possible endocrine disrupting effects in aquatic life is 4-nonylphenol (np). it has been detected in environmental water and ... | 2003 | 12785530 |
| the effect of copper on osmoregulation in the freshwater amphipod gammarus pulex. | the influence of copper on osmoregulation in the freshwater amphipod gammarus pulex was determined from the analysis of water permeability, haemolymph sodium concentration, sodium influx and gill na(+)/k(+) atpase and mg(2+) atpase activity. exposure to nominal copper concentrations of 100 microg l(-1) or greater caused a significant reduction in both haemolymph sodium concentration and sodium influx within 4 h. measurements of water permeability, expressed as the half-time of exchange of body w ... | 2003 | 12890543 |
| [histologic peculiarities of the basal membrane of the mesenteron of gammarus pulex]. | 1954 | 13161248 | |
| [the sex determinating effects of color alleles in gammarus pulex ssp subterraneus (schneider)]. | 1957 | 13496908 | |
| [genetic and histological studies on the eye pigment system of gammarus pulex l. (crust. amph)]. | 1959 | 13660248 | |
| [total chlorine and water content of gammarus pulex pulex (l.) and echinogammarus berilloni (c.) living in fresh water and diluted sea water]. | 1964 | 14186954 | |
| the envelope surrounding polymorphus minutus (goeze, 1782) (acanthocephala) during its development in the intermediate host, gammarus pulex. | 1964 | 14227633 | |
| [protein hydrolysates, obtained from crustaceans by an electrochemical method, as a basis for microbiological culture media]. | the utility of protein hydrolysates extracted electrochemically from crustaceans (gammarus pulex and shrimp) as major components of microbiological nutrient media was demonstrated. saprophytic soil bacteria of the genera bacillus and pseudomonas and the family enterobactericeae displayed a good growth and typical morphology of their colonies on the experimental media in question. | 2003 | 14520973 |
| dt-diaphorase [nad(p)h: (quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase] in gammarus pulex: kinetics and some biochemical properties. | 2003 | 14567578 | |
| overview and quantification of the factors affecting the upstream and downstream movements of gammarus pulex (amphipoda). | human activities have severely deteriorated the flemish river systems, and many functions such as drinking water supply, fishing, ... are threatened. because their restoration entails drastic social (e.g. change in habits with regard to water use and discharge, urban planning) and economical (e.g. investment in nature restoration, wastewater treatment system installation) consequences, the decisions should be taken with enough forethought. ecosystem models can act as interesting tools to support ... | 2003 | 14696234 |
| differential phenoloxidase activity between native and invasive gammarids infected by local acanthocephalans: differential immunosuppression? | manipulative endoparasites can alter the behaviour and the physiology of their intermediate hosts in ways that increase the probability of successful transmission to the final host. this requires that the parasite is able to circumvent its host's immune defence. successful immune evasion may depend on host-parasite coevolutionary history and the appearance of new hosts invading the local host population may promote local parasite maladaptation. to test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of ... | 2003 | 14700193 |
| larval morphology, genetic divergence, and contrasting levels of host manipulation between forms of pomphorhynchus laevis (acanthocephala). | studies on parasite species with a wide geographic and ecological range may be confounded by still equivocal taxonomic identification. here, we investigated genetic polymorphism and behavioural changes induced in a common intermediate host, in two different forms of pomphorhynchus laevis based on the morphology of the larval infective stage (cystacanth). a 'smooth type' (s) and a 'wrinkled type' (w) of cystacanth were distinguished based on their surface and shape. we analysed sequence divergenc ... | 2004 | 14711589 |
| northward distribution of gammarus pulex (l.). | 1951 | 14852990 | |
| occurrence of larval helminths in gammarus pulex (l.) from the braid burn, edinburgh. | 1952 | 14941034 | |
| subsurface tile drainage loss of modern pesticides: field experiment results. | the concentration and loss of two herbicides (bentazone and mcpa), two fungicides (fenpropimorph and propiconazole) and two insecticides (dimethoate and pirimicarb) were measured in tile drainage water from a 2,813 m2 experimental grass field from may to august 2001. three different pesticides were applied to the field and subsequently a rainfall of 10 mm was simulated during the first experiment and 16 mm during the second experiment. bromide was applied as a conservative tracer in the first ex ... | 2004 | 15053109 |
| consequences of a short pulse of pesticide exposure for survival and reproduction of gammarus pulex. | the aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a short and environmentally realistic pulse exposure of different life stages of the freshwater amphipod, gammarus pulex, to the pyrethroid insecticide, esfenvalerate. we were particularly interested in determining the extent to which detectable effects on key life-history traits persisted following cessation of a brief exposure to this pesticide. our results indicate that environmentally realistic exposure concentrations of this widely ... | 2004 | 15063077 |
| the impact of airport de-icing on a river: the case of the ouseburn, newcastle upon tyne. | the damaging effects of airport de-icers to adjacent waterways have been suggested by a number of studies, but none have been able to demonstrate these effects in a field situation. the ouseburn is a part-urban and partrural catchment of varied land-use and includes a tributary which drains the newcastle international airport. the tributary contributes only 3-5% of the river's average flow, yet it had a disproportionately adverse impact upon the river. this paper demonstrates how this was linked ... | 1995 | 15091545 |
| responses of gammarus pulex (amphipoda, crustacea) to metalliferous effluents: identification of toxic components and the importance of interpopulation variation. | this study was designed to evaluate the ability of an in-situ bioassay to assess the impact of complex effluents on freshwaters and to identify toxic components. reductions in the feeding rate of gammarus pulex proved to be a sensitive indicator of the impact of metalliferous effluents on receiving water quality. the effluents contained a mixture of five potentially toxic metals. by combining information on feeding rates with bioaccumulation data, two metals, iron and manganese, were identified ... | 1994 | 15091723 |
| state-dependent pairing behaviour in male gammarus pulex (l.) (crustacea, amphipoda): effects of time left to moult and prior pairing status. | because mating can be costly in terms of time and energy, an individual's propensity to engage in courtship and mating activities might be modulated by its physiological state. however, so far, state-dependent mate choice has received little attention the present study examined the effect of both prior pairing status and time left to the moult on the ability of male gammarus pulex (crustacea, amphipoda) to enter in precopula with receptive females. in the lab, males that were freshly collected i ... | 2004 | 15110915 |
| a stream mesocosm study on the ecological effects of a c12-15 linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactant. | the responses of fish, invertebrates, and periphyton during a 56-day exposure to a c(12-15) linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactant were studied in stream mesocosms. an individual stream consisted of a slow-flowing pool section and a faster-flowing riffle section. the surfactant has an average distribution of nine ethoxylate groups per mole of alcohol. eight stream mesocosms were used to test the effects of seven concentrations of the surfactant. time-averaged, mean, measured concentrations were 20 ... | 2004 | 15157571 |
| effects of lead as an environmental pollutant on erod enzyme in gammarus pulex (l.) (crustacea: amphipoda). | 2004 | 15199989 | |
| carotenoids of two freshwater amphipod species (gammarus pulex and g. roeseli) and their common acanthocephalan parasite polymorphus minutus. | carotenoid compositions of two freshwater gammarus species (crustacea: amphipoda) and of their common acanthocephalan parasite polymorphus minutus were characterized. the effect of carotenoid uptake by the parasite was addressed by comparing the carotenoid content of uninfected and infected female hosts. using high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc), co-chromatography of reference pigments and electron ionization mass spectrometry of collected hplc fractions (ei-ms), several xanthophylls and ... | 2004 | 15364296 |
| aquatic risk assessment of a realistic exposure to pesticides used in bulb crops: a microcosm study. | the fungicide fluazinam, the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin, and the herbicides asulam and metamitron were applied to indoor freshwater microcosms (water volume approximately 0.6 m3). the treatment regime was based on a realistic application scenario in tulip cultivation. concentrations of each pesticide were equal to 0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 2%, and 5% spray drift emission of label-recommended rates. contribution of compounds to the toxicity of the pesticide package was established by expressing their c ... | 2004 | 15376534 |
| biochemical properties of glutathione peroxidase in gammarus pulex. | 2004 | 15386063 | |
| acute and sublethal toxicity tests to monitor the impact of leachate on an aquatic environment. | in this study, a specific landfill leachate (1200 mg l(-1) cod and 600 mg l(-1) bod(5)) was used to develop a standardised short-term acute and longer-term sublethal ex-situ toxicity testing programme, in order to determine the potential ecological implications of leaching contaminants reaching the water table. bioassays were undertaken with juvenile gammarus pulex and asellus aquaticus macro-invertebrates. preliminary acute test variables included static and static renewed flow rates for 96-h, ... | 2005 | 15661294 |
| macroinvertebrate community response to pulse exposure with the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin using in-stream mesocosms. | pesticides are constantly being applied to agricultural catchments, but little is known about their impact on aquatic biota during natural exposure. in the present study, the impact of the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin was studied in an in-stream mesocosm setup. twice during the summer of 2002, the natural macroinvertebrate community was exposed in situ to a 30-min pulse of lambda-cyhalothrin. pyrethroid doses were released through a modified drip set with nominal concentrations of 0.10, 1.00, a ... | 2005 | 15779757 |
| relationship between biochemical biomarkers and pre-copulatory behaviour and mortality in gammarus pulex following pulse-exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin. | the impact of the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin was studied in an in-stream mesocosm placed in a natural riffle of a danish stream. twice during summer 2002, the natural macroinvertebrate community was exposed in situ to a 30-min pulse of lambda-cyhalothrin. during exposure, nets caught macroinvertebrates in drift. exposed and unexposed individuals of the amphipod gammarus pulex (l) were transferred to aquaria in the laboratory and monitored for biochemical changes (ie biomarkers), pre-copulator ... | 2005 | 15825219 |
| acute and sub-lethal toxicity of landfill leachate towards two aquatic macro-invertebrates: demonstrating the remediation potential of air stripping. | a specific leachate that contained 1.036 mg l(-1) of 2-chlorobiphenyl was used in the study (255 mg l(-1) cod and 133 mg l(-1) bod5). bench scale (20 l) air stripping trials were used to simulate on a small-scale the treatment potential of this method. air stripping effectively reduced the leachates cod concentration. regardless of the volume of air supplied (1-5 l of air per minute) the leachates cod reached a <50 mg l(-1) equilibrium after 96-h exposure, however, increasing the volume of air a ... | 2005 | 15946742 |
| an evaluation of mixed species in-situ and ex-situ feeding assays: the altered response of asellus aquaticus and gammarus pulex. | mixed species feeding assays were undertaken with pollution sensitive (gammarus pulex) and tolerant (asellus aquaticus) macro-invertebrates during august 2003 and april 2004. the purpose of this study was to establish if a test animals' response is comparable during in-situ and ex-situ toxicity tests. seven test sites were established along an undisclosed stream, which received leachate discharge from an unlined, disused uk landfill site. sampling points a-b were upstream of the contamination, c ... | 2006 | 15949846 |
| effects of lambda-cyhalothrin in two ditch microcosm systems of different trophic status. | the fate and effects of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin were compared in mesotrophic (macrophyte-dominated) and eutrophic (phytoplankton-dominated) ditch microcosms (approximately 0.5 m3). lambda-cyhalothrin was applied three times at one-week intervals at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 100, and 250 ng/l. the rate of dissipation of lambda-cyhalothrin in the water column of the two types of test systems was similar. after 1 d, only 30% of the amount applied remained in the water phas ... | 2005 | 16050585 |
| stream macroinvertebrate drift response to pulsed exposure of the synthetic pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin. | outdoor experimental channels were used to study the behavioral changes of stream macroinvertebrates exposed to a pulse of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin. the primary end point was the number of macroinvertebrates drifting, but the mobility of macroinvertebrates caught in the drift also was assessed. a specified number of two insect species, baetis rhodani and leuctra fusca/digitata, and of the amphipod gammarus pulex were introduced into small replicated subsections of the experi ... | 2005 | 16161113 |
| ecological impacts of the microsporidian parasite pleistophora mulleri on its freshwater amphipod host gammarus duebeni celticus. | the microsporidian parasite, pleistophora mulleri, infects the abdominal muscle of the freshwater amphipod gammarus duebeni celticus. we recently showed that p. mulleri infection was associated with g. d. celticus hosts being more vulnerable to predation by the invasive amphipod gammarus pulex. parasitized g. d. celticus also had a reduced ability to prey upon other co-occurring amphipods. we suggested the parasite may have pervasive influences on host ecology and behaviour. here, we examine the ... | 2005 | 16178354 |
| application of artificial neural network models to analyse the relationships between gammarus pulex l. (crustacea, amphipoda) and river characteristics. | this study aimed at analysing the relationship between river characteristics and abundance of gammarus pulex. to this end, four methods which can identify the relative contribution and/or the contribution profile of the input variables in neural networks describing the habitat preferences of this species were compared: (i) the "pad" ("partial derivatives") method consists of a calculation of the partial derivatives of the output in relation to the input variables; (ii) the "weights" method is a ... | 2005 | 16311829 |
| ecological effects of spring and late summer applications of lambda-cyhalothrin on freshwater microcosms. | the aim of the study was to compare the effects of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (treated at 10, 25, 50, 100, 250 ng active ingredient a.i./l) on a drainage ditch ecosystem in spring and late summer. microcosms (water volume approximately 430 l) were established using enclosures in a 50-cm-deep experimental ditch system containing communities typical of macrophyte-dominated freshwater ecosystems. effects on macroinvertebrates, zooplankton, phytoplankton, macrophytes, and communit ... | 2006 | 16392018 |
| development of a new low cost high sensitivity system for behavioural ecotoxicity testing. | the amphipod gammarus pulex has been extensively used for ecotoxicological studies. however, the tests used are either labourious to perform and/or require relatively expensive equipment. we report the development of a new low cost infra red actograph system that measures relative activity, and can detect the behavioural effects of very low concentrations of heavy metals. trials demonstrated that the home built system can distinguish significantly different behaviour between g. pulex exposed to ... | 2006 | 16426686 |
| gill na(+), k(+)-atpase in a series of hyper-regulating gammarid amphipods: enzyme characterisation and the effects of salinity acclimation. | the enzyme na(+), k(+)-atpase was investigated in the gills of selected hyper-regulating gammarid amphipods. gill na(+), k(+)-atpase was characterised with respect to the main cation and co-factor concentrations for the freshwater amphipod gammarus pulex. the optimum cation and co-factor concentrations for maximal gill na(+), k(+)-atpase activity in g. pulex were 100mm na(+), 15mm k(+), 15mm mg(2+) and 5mm atp, at ph 7.2. the effects of salinity acclimation on gill na(+), k(+)-atpase activity an ... | 2006 | 16516515 |
| avoidance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments by the freshwater invertebrates gammarus pulex and asellus aquaticus. | contamination of sediments is a serious problem in most industrialized areas. sediments are often contaminated with trace metals and organic contaminants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). bioassays are often used to determine the effect of contaminants on biota. however, survival or growth may not be the most sensitive endpoints. behavioral changes often occur at much lower concentrations. our study aimed to assess the effect of pahs on habitat ch ... | 2006 | 16519306 |
| behavioural responses of gammarus pulex (crustacea, amphipoda) to low concentrations of pharmaceuticals. | the continuous discharge of pharmaceuticals and personal care products into the environment results in a chronic exposure of aquatic organisms to these substances and their metabolites. as concentrations in surface waters are in the ng/l range, and sometimes in the low microg/l range, they are not likely to result in lethal toxicity. however, prolonged exposure to low concentrations of anthropogenic chemicals may lead to sublethal effects, including changes in behaviour. the aim of this study wa ... | 2006 | 16624423 |
| disturbance, biological legacies and community development in stream mesocosms. | disturbances reduce the biota in stream ecosystems, and leave biological legacies, including remnant species, which potentially influence post-disturbance community development but are poorly understood. we investigated whether three remnant species, the snail radix peregra, the mayfly serratella ignita and the freshwater shrimp gammarus pulex, affected community development in mesocosms that mimicked disturbed habitat patches in streams. following 21 days of colonisation, we found that the occu ... | 2006 | 16639570 |
| relative toxicological importance of aqueous and dietary metal exposure to a freshwater crustacean: implications for risk assessment. | aquatic organisms can take up toxicants from water (aqueous exposure) and from food (dietary exposure), yet current environmental regulations often fail to consider the toxic effects of dietary exposure. such unrealistic exposure scenarios may lead to ineffective water-quality standards or discharge consents that fail to provide adequate protection of the receiving water. both dietary and aqueous exposure routes contributed to the bioaccumulation of zinc by gammarus pulex, and both influenced th ... | 2006 | 16833140 |