Publications

control strategies for endemic childhood scabies.	human scabies is a major global public health issue, with an estimated 300 million cases per year worldwide. prevalence rates are particularly high in many third-world regions and within various indigenous communities in developed countries. infestation with sarcoptes scabiei is associated with group-a streptococcal pyoderma which in turn predisposes to rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis and their respective long-term sequelae: rheumatic heart disease and chronic renal insufficiency. the ...	2011	21283575
assessment of sarcoptes scabiei viability in vivo by reflectance confocal microscopy.		2011	21318343
determination of oxidative status and apoptosis in peripheral blood of dogs with sarcoptic mange.	the aim of the present study was to determine the erythrocytic oxidant/antioxidant balance and apoptosis of peripheral blood leukocytes of dogs with natural sarcoptes scabiei var. canis mite infestation. a total of twenty four clinically sarcoptes-infested dogs were examined and used to execute the study. while another twenty four healthy dogs free of any ecto-parasite were used as controls. peripheral blood samples were obtained from each infested only once on the day of dermatological examinat ...	2011	21324594
the curative and antioxidative efficiency of ivermectin and ivermectin + vitamin e-selenium treatment on canine sarcoptes scabiei infestation.	the objective of the present study was to investigate the curative and antioxidative efficacy of ivermectin and ivermectin + vitamin e-selenium, and the influence of these agents on oxidative stress parameters in canines infested by sarcoptes scabiei. twenty two sarcoptic mites infested dogs and nine healthy dogs of 6 months to 2 years of age were divided into three groups. group i comprised of healthy dogs (n=9) whereas animals in group ii (n=11) and iii (n=11) were positive for scabies. group ...	2011	21336571
plant extracts, isolated phytochemicals, and plant-derived agents which are lethal to arthropod vectors of human tropical diseases--a review.	the recent scientific literature on plant-derived agents with potential or effective use in the control of the arthropod vectors of human tropical diseases is reviewed. arthropod-borne tropical diseases include: amebiasis, chagas disease (american trypanosomiasis), cholera, cryptosporidiosis, dengue (hemorrhagic fever), epidemic typhus (brill-zinsser disease), filariasis (elephantiasis), giardia (giardiasis), human african trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), isosporiasis, leishmaniasis, lyme di ...	2011	21432748
sarcoptes-world molecular network (sarcoptes-wmn): integrating research on scabies.	parasites threaten human and animal health globally. it is estimated that more than 60% of people on planet earth carry at least one parasite, many of them several different species. unfortunately, parasite studies suffer from duplications and inconsistencies between different investigator groups. hence, groups need to collaborate in an integrated manner in areas including parasite control, improved therapy strategies, diagnostic and surveillance tools, and public awareness. parasite studies wil ...	2011	21454116
comparison of dermoscopy, skin scraping, and the adhesive tape test for the diagnosis of scabies in a resource-poor setting.	scabies is a parasitic skin disease endemic in resource-poor communities in low-income countries. the best ways to diagnose scabies in this setting have not been investigated.	2011	21482897
canine scabies in humans: a case report and review of the literature.	background:sarcoptes scabiei causes mange in many domestic and wild mammals, and it has been reported to be transmitted from animals to humans. canine scabies is known to infest humans, as well. case report: we report a 27-year-old woman who presented with severe pruritic papules on the trunk and arms. the patient reported that she had just bought a puppy which was also itchy. direct microscopy from the dog showed scabies mites. the patient was treated by 5% permethrin which accomplished full re ...	2011	21540570
the first scientific dermatologic communication?		2011	21566555
new techniques for an old disease: sarcoptic mange in the iberian wolf.	sarcoptic mange, a parasitic skin infection caused by the burrowing mite sarcoptes scabiei, has been reported in over 100 mammals, including humans. in endangered species, mange causes conservation concerns because it may decimate isolated populations and contribute to extinction. the iberian peninsula still maintains one of the largest wolf (canis lupus) populations in europe. in iberia, sarcoptic mange is endemic in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and the first confirmed wolf mange cases were recent ...	2011	21600696
mange mites causing scabies in egyptian buffaloes at giza governorate, egypt.	in the present study, 560 buffaloes from a private animal farm in giza governorate were examined over one year for scabies infestation. the results showed that 466 buffaloes (83.2%) were infested with two mange mites; psoroptes natalensis and sarcoptes scabiei. the highest prevalence rate of infestation was during winter (90.4%), and lowest was in summer (71.4%). the infestation on females was 90.4%, while on males was 80.8%. the mites were predominant on the withers, lumber, back, croup and the ...	2011	21634242
european guideline for the management of scabies, 2010.	transmission of the mite sarcoptes scabiei generally occurs by protracted direct body contact; although in crusted scabies, transmission also occurs via infected clothing or bedding. diagnosis is usually clinical and topical antiscabietics are the mainstay of treatment. oral ivermectin is not licensed in most countries, but may have a role in certain patients. treatment of sexual contacts is indicated.	2011	21680661
pharmacokinetics of moxidectin in the southern hairy-nosed wombat (lasiorhinus latifrons).	sarcoptic mange, caused by sarcoptes scabiei var. wombati, could be a significant threat to populations of southern hairy-nosed wombats (lasiorhinus latifrons; shnw) in australia. treatment is currently based on the off-label use of various parasiticidal drugs, with limited clinical efficacy trials. our primary aim was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of a macrocyclic lactone, moxidectin, to assist in the development of effective treatment protocols. pharmacokinetic parameters were de ...	2011	21719829
hematology and serum biochemistry in debilitated, free-ranging raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) infested with sarcoptic mange.	frequent outbreaks of sarcoptes scabiei infestation in raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) have been reported in japan. although many raccoon dogs are brought to kanazawa zoological garden (yokohama, kanagawa, japan) because of s. scabiei infestation and debilitation, some of them die of asthenia. the clinical status of severely debilitated raccoon dogs must be determined to save their lives. in this study, we compared hematological and serum biochemical values between severely debilitated a ...	2011	21749931
temporal stability in the genetic structure of sarcoptes scabiei under the host-taxon law: empirical evidences from wildlife-derived sarcoptes mite in asturias, spain.	abstract: background: implicitly, parasite molecular studies assume temporal genetic stability. in this study we tested, for the first time to our knowledge, the extent of changes in genetic diversity and structure of sarcoptes mite populations from pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica) in asturias (spain), using one multiplex of 9 microsatellite markers and sarcoptes samples from sympatric pyrenean chamois, red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and red fox (vulpes vulpes). ...	2011	21794141
reflectance confocal microscopic features of dermatophytes, scabies, and demodex.		2011	21844478
widespread exposure to sarcoptes scabiei in wild european rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) in spain.	sarcoptic mange was recently described in the wild european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus) in north-eastern mediterranean spain, the first such infection reported in this species anywhere in the world. this finding has created concern in conservationists and game managers given that an outbreak of mange after a translocation would have catastrophic consequences for naïve rabbit populations in other parts of spain. a retrospective serosurvey using an 'in house' elisa test based on the use of a re ...	2012	21852039
Clinical, dermatoscopic, and microscopic findings of infestation with Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis.		2011	21878592
neonatal norwegian scabies: three cooperating causes.	norwegian or crusted scabies is seldom reported in infancy, usually in immune deficient patients.	2009	21886727
prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods on wild animals and cattle in the las merindades area (burgos, spain).	this paper reports the prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods in sampled groups of wild (n = 128; 16 species) and domestic (n = 69; 3 species) animals in the las merindades area of the province of burgos, spain. the study revealed that wild animals were more infested and with a wider variety of ectoparasites than domestic animals. the parasitic prevalence was 67% for wild animals and 48% for livestock. in this way, 39% of animals were infected by ticks. ixodes ricinus and ixodes hexagonus were t ...	2011	21894267
The detection of Sarcoptes scabiei in human skin by in vivo confocal microscopy.		2011	21926039
the curse of the prey: sarcoptes mite molecular analysis reveals potential prey-to-predator parasitic infestation in wild animals from masai mara, kenya.	recently, there have been attempts to understand the molecular epidemiology of sarcoptes scabiei, to evaluate the gene flow between isolates of s. scabiei from different hosts and geographic regions. however, to our knowledge, a molecular study has not been carried out to assess the molecular diversity and gene flow of sarcoptes mite in a predator/prey ecosystem.	2011	21978557
Scabies mite peritrophins are potential targets of human host innate immunity.	Pruritic scabies lesions caused by Sarcoptes scabiei burrowing in the stratum corneum of human skin facilitate opportunistic bacterial infections. Emerging resistance to current therapeutics emphasizes the need to identify novel targets for protective intervention. We have characterized several protein families located in the mite gut as crucial factors for host-parasite interactions. Among these multiple proteins inhibit human complement, presumably to avoid complement-mediated damage of gut ep ...	2011	21980545
sarcoptic mange in a wild swamp wallaby (wallabia bicolor).	a wild adult male swamp wallaby from victoria was found to be infested with sarcoptes scabiei. hyperkeratotic skin lesions were confined predominantly to the head and shoulders. this is the first report of sarcoptic mange in a swamp wallaby.	2011	22008126
a diagnostic test for scabies: ige specificity for a recombinant allergen of sarcoptes scabiei.	scabies infestations are difficult to diagnose clinically and current serologic tests have less than 50% accuracy. to develop more reliable diagnosis of scabies, specific ige antibodies to a major scabies antigen recombinant sar s 14.3 (rsar s 14.3) were measured in 140 plasma samples from scabies-infested and control subject groups using dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescent immunoassays (delfia). levels of rsar s 14.3-specific ige were quantified, and cross-reactivity with its house dus ...	2011	22018936
acute phase protein response in the capybara (hydrochoerus hydrochaeris).	we evaluated the acute phase protein response in capybaras (hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). three animal groups were used: 1) healthy animals (n=30), 2) a group in which experimental inflammation with turpentine was induced (n=6), and 3) a group affected with sarcoptic scabies (n=14) in which 10 animals were treated with ivermectin. haptoglobin (hp), acid-soluble glycoprotein (asg) and albumin were analyzed in all animals. in those treated with turpentine, hp reached its maximum value at 2 wk with a ...	2011	22102653
The opportunistic Sarcoptes scabiei: A new episode from giraffe in the drought-suffering Kenya.	The ubiquitous Sarcoptes mite is unexplainable emerging and re-emerging parasite, threatening biodiversity and human health. When a new outbreak occurs, it is not clear if it is a genuine emergence resulting from a new incidence or apparent emergence resulting from increased detection. In this paper we report, for the first time to our knowledge, an outbreak of sarcoptic mange in giraffes in the wild. Three decaying carcasses and five free-ranging subadult reticulated giraffes were observed to h ...	2011	22137348
quantitative pcr-based genome size estimation of the astigmatid mites sarcoptes scabiei, psoroptes ovis and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.	the lack of genomic data available for mites limits our understanding of their biology. evolving high-throughput sequencing technologies promise to deliver rapid advances in this area, however, estimates of genome size are initially required to ensure sufficient coverage.	2012	22214472
acaricidal activity of extract from eupatorium adenophorum against the psoroptes cuniculi and sarcoptes scabiei in vitro.	the possible acaricidal activity of eupatorium adenophorum was analyzed using extracts created by water decocting, ethanol thermal circumfluence, and steam distillation. the toxic effect of each extract was tested against psoroptes cuniculi and sarcoptes scabiei in vitro. ethanol thermal circumfluence extract had strong toxicity against mites, killing all s. scabiei at 0.5 and 1.0 g/ml (w/v) concentration, while 1g/ml extract was also found to kill all p. cuniculi within a 4-h period. similarly, ...	2011	22244533
acaricidal activity of petroleum ether extract of neem (azadirachta indica) oil and its four fractions separated by column chromatography against sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi larvae in vitro.	the petroleum ether extract of neem oil and its four fractions separated by column chromatography was diluted at different concentrations with liquid paraffin. the acaricidal bioassay was conducted using a dipping method. the results indicated that the median lethal concentration (lc50) of the petroleum ether extract (at the concentration of 500.0ml/l) was 70.9ml/l, 24h after treatment. at concentrations of 500.0, 250.0, 125.0, 62.5 and 31.2ml/l, the median lethal times (lt50) of the petroleum e ...	2012	22349080
potential application of serological tests on fluids from carcasses: detection of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii and sarcoptes scabiei in red foxes (vulpes vulpes).	serological surveys for disease investigation of wild animal populations require obtaining blood samples for analysis, which has logistic, ethic and economic difficulties. applying serological test to fluids collected from dead animals is an alternative. the aim of this study was to assess if antibodies could be detected in two types of fluids collected from 56 carcasses of red foxes (vulpes vulpes): pleural fluid and lung extract.	2012	22380986
treatment of scabies: comparison of permethrin 5% versus ivermectin.	scabies is an ectoparasitic, highly contagious skin disease caused by a mite called sarcoptes scabiei. the insecticides ivermectin and permethrin are commonly used for treatment of scabies. this study aimed at comparing the efficacy of oral ivermectin with topical permethrin in treating scabies. two hundred and forty-two patients with scabies attending the dermatology outpatient department of sina hospital, tabriz university of medical sciences were admitted. patients were divided into two group ...	2012	22385121
scabies in animals and humans: history, evolutionary perspectives, and modern clinical management.	scabies, a mite infestation frequently sexually transmitted, dates back to antiquity but remains a challenging parasite for study in clinical practice and community settings. its history is one of centuries of slow progress to recognize the mite and to finally establish its nexus to the clinical syndrome of pruritis with several protean manifestations and different epidemiological patterns. contemporary methods of management are briefly reviewed, with the future promise of improved evolutionary ...	2011	22417107
management of scabies.	scabies is a common contagious parasitic dermatosis. transmission of the mite sarcoptes scabiei var hominis generally occurs by skin-to-skin contact, but with crusted scabies it may also occur through fomites, such as infected clothing or bedding. diagnosis is usually clinical. a 2010 updated cochrane review concluded that management of scabies is based on topical scabicides, mainly 5% permethrin. however, oral ivermectin, although not licensed in many countries, may be useful, particularly for ...	2012	22446818
[resistance of the itch mites sarcoptes scabiei de geer, 1778 to scabicides].	the paper gives the data available in the literature on cases of the resistance of human itch mites to acaricides from different groups of chemicals. it considers major mechanisms for s. scabiei resistance to the scabicides commonly used in the world.	2012	22536746
effect of karela (momordica charantia) powder in jarah (scabies).	jarab (scabies) is an itchy dermatosis caused by human mite sarcotes scabiei. it usually involves inter digital spaces of hands and the flexor surface of the wrists. in severe infection, the dorsal surface of the elbows, anterior axillary folds, female breasts, periumblical area, genital area and buttocks are involved. night itching in particular and secondary infection with postulation and lichenification in general are the main clinical features.according to greeco-arabian concept, conversion ...	2001	22557016
reflectance confocal microscopy for quantification of sarcoptes scabiei in norwegian scabies.	in vivo reflectance-mode confocal microscopy (rcm) can be used for the diagnosis of scabies. this study quantifies s. scabiei and its eggs and droppings in a patient affected by norwegian scabies (ns), and describes their distribution within the epidermis and in different body areas.	2013	22621304
efficacy of an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar against fleas, ticks, mites and lice on dogs.	the studies reported here were conducted to ascertain the efficacy of imidacloprid/flumethrin incorporated in a slow-release matrix collar, against infestations of dogs by fleas, ticks, mites and lice. efficacy was evaluated against the flea ctenocephalides felis felis, the ticks rhipicephalus sanguineus, ixodes ricinus, ixodes scapularis, dermacentor reticulatus and dermacentor variabilis, the mite sarcoptes scabiei and the biting louse trichodectes canis.	2012	22647530
scabies: important clinical consequences explained by new molecular studies.	in 2004, we reviewed the status of disease caused by the scabies mite sarcoptes scabiei at the time and pointed out that very little basic research had ever been done. the reason for this was largely the lack of availability of mites for experimental purposes and, to a degree, a consequent lack of understanding of its importance, resulting in the trivial name 'itch mite'. scabies is responsible for major morbidity in disadvantaged communities and immunocompromised patients worldwide. in addition ...	2012	22726646
detection of living sarcoptes scabiei larvae by reflectance mode confocal microscopy in the skin of a patient with crusted scabies.	scabies is an intensely pruritic disorder induced by a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction to infestation of the skin by the mite sarcoptes scabiei. the diagnosis of scabies is established clinically and confirmed by identifying mites or eggs by microscopic examination of scrapings from the skin or by surface microscopy using a dermatoscope. reflectance-mode confocal microscopy is a novel technique used for noninvasive imaging of skin structures and lesions at a resolution compatible to that ...	2012	22734726
porcine ear necrosis syndrome: a preliminary investigation of putative infectious agents in piglets and mycotoxins in feed.	the aim of this study was to identify the causative factors of porcine ear necrosis syndrome (pens) in 72 pigs, 5.5-10 weeks in age housed on nine farms. biopsy samples of ear pinnae were collected from all piglets for bacteriology, histopathology and in situ hybridization for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). at the same time, serum samples were taken for serological analysis and viral pcr, and feed was sampled for mycotoxin analysis. the initial lesion of pens seemed to be a focal epidermal ne ...	2012	22784419
novel scabies mite serpins inhibit the three pathways of the human complement system.	scabies is a parasitic infestation of the skin by the mite sarcoptes scabiei that causes significant morbidity worldwide, in particular within socially disadvantaged populations. in order to identify mechanisms that enable the scabies mite to evade human immune defenses, we have studied molecules associated with proteolytic systems in the mite, including two novel scabies mite serine protease inhibitors (smss) of the serpin superfamily. immunohistochemical studies revealed that within mite-infec ...	2012	22792350
characterization and evaluation of a sarcoptes scabiei allergen as a candidate vaccine.	sarcoptic mange caused by the mite sarcoptes scabiei is a worldwide disease affecting both humans and animals. here we report the molecular characterization and evaluation of a recombinant s. scabiei tropomyosin (sstm) protein in a vaccination trial in rabbits.	2012	22897929
epidemiology of sarcoptic mange in free-ranging raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) in yokohama, japan.	free-ranging raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) from nogeyama zoological gardens, kanazawa zoological gardens, and yokohama zoological gardens frequently rescued dogs having sarcoptes scabiei infestation. however, the epidemiology of s. scabiei infestation has not yet been elucidated. in the present study, we investigated the epidemiology of s. scabiei infestation in raccoon dogs and its influence on the population of masked palm civets in yokohama, japan. we examined records of raccoon dog ...	2013	22902260
experimental infection of wild-caught european rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) with sarcoptes scabiei from a naturally infected wild rabbit.	scabies was recently reported for the first time in the european wild rabbit, oryctolagus cuniculus (lagomorpha: leporidae). we experimentally exposed 10 seronegative wild-caught rabbits to skin from a mangy wild rabbit. serological, physiological, parasitological and histopathological changes were recorded. three rabbits developed antibodies at 2-5 weeks post-infection (w.p.i.), two of which then developed lesions at 7 w.p.i. one of these had a small area of alopecia on the hind limb that heale ...	2013	22958077
parasite invasion following host reintroduction: a case study of yellowstone's wolves.	wildlife reintroductions select or treat individuals for good health with the expectation that these individuals will fare better than infected animals. however, these individuals, new to their environment, may also be particularly susceptible to circulating infections and this may result in high morbidity and mortality, potentially jeopardizing the goals of recovery. here, using the reintroduction of the grey wolf (canis lupus) into yellowstone national park as a case study, we address the ques ...	2012	22966139
sarcoptic mange and cheetah conservation in masai mara (kenya): epidemiological study in a wildlife/livestock system.	the sanitary control of threatened wild animals is of pivotal interest for their conservation. this task, however, is highly complex in wildlife/livestock systems. in this paper we report findings from a 2-year cross-sectional study of the epidemiology and attempted control of a sarcoptes mite infestation in the threatened cheetah population in masai mara (kenya), and discuss its interaction with sympatric wild (lion, wildebeest and thomson's gazelle) and domestic (dog, cattle and sheep) animals ...	2012	23036718
participatory epidemiology to assess sarcoptic mange in serow of taiwan.	we used participatory epidemiology (pe) in remote areas to understand the observed distribution and prevalence of infestation by sarcoptic mange mites (sarcoptes scabiei) on wild formosan serow (capricornis swinhoei) in taiwan. a semistructured interview protocol was used for 37 interviews during june-december 2008. serow with skin lesions consistent with sarcoptic mange were reported within a latitudinal range of approximately 24°00'n to 22°40'n on the central mountain range of taiwan. the obse ...	2012	23060488
a survey of ectoparasite infestation in dogs in tehran, iran.	this survey was conducted to identify and estimate the frequencies of ectoparasites of dogs in tehran, iran. a total of 143 dogs attended at the small animal hospital of the veterinary school, the university of tehran, were examined for the presence of ectoparasites and dermatological lesions. ectoparasite specimens and blood samples were sent to parasitology and hematology laboratories, respectively. ticks were the most frequent ectoparasite (36.4%, 52/143), followed by fleas (29.4%, 42/143), m ...	2012	23070452
vaccination with recombinant actin from scab mites and evaluation of its protective efficacy against psoroptes cuniculi infection.	the mite psoroptes cuniculi is globally widespread and has a serious impact on commercial rabbit breeding. current treatment methods are based on chemotherapy. because of the disadvantages of these methods, alternative measures are required, and vaccination is one of the most promising strategies. here, we cloned and expressed the recombinant p. cuniculi actin gene (rpc-act). antiserum levels against rpc-act in rabbits were used to locate actin distribution in mite sections. challenge trials wer ...	2013	23078134
scratching the itch: new tools to advance understanding of scabies.	scabies remains a significant public health problem worldwide. research into aspects of sarcoptes scabiei biology and host-parasite interactions has been impeded by an inability to maintain mites in vitro and by limited access to parasite material and infected subjects. the generation of comprehensive expressed sequence tag libraries has enabled the initial characterisation of molecules of interest to diagnostics, vaccines, and drug resistance. the recent development and utilisation of animal mo ...	2013	23088958
on the aggregated nature of chronic sarcoptes scabiei infection in adult pigs.	the prevalence and body distribution of sarcoptes scabiei and associated dermatitis was investigated in sows and boars from four herds with long standing mange. macroscopic hyperkeratotic dermatitis (crusted mange) was present in 1-6% of herd sows. mite estimated prevalence (95% ci) in ear scrapings was 11% (6-17%) including 100% (13/13) and 2% (3/134) in sows with and without crusted mange, respectively, and the later had very few mites compared to the former. s. scabiei body distribution and d ...	2013	23131577
crusted scabies-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.	despite the widely accepted association between crusted scabies and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infection, crusted scabies has not been included in the spectrum of infections associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in hiv-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy.	2012	23181485
the treatment of bovine sarcoptic mange (sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis) using eprinomectin extended-release injection.	the efficacy of eprinomectin in an extended-release injection (eri) formulation was evaluated in cattle harbouring induced infestations of sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis (sarcoptic mange) in three studies conducted in germany (two studies) and austria (one study). a total of 44 cattle were included in the studies, 12 in one study and 16 in each of the other two studies. approximately eight weeks following initial induced infestation, cattle in each study were formed into replicates of two animals ...	2013	23273586
a survey on ectoparasite infestations in companion dogs of ahvaz district, south-west of iran.	the objective was to determine the prevalence of ectoparasite infestations in referred companion dogs to veterinary hospital of shahid chamran university of ahvaz, from 2009 to 2010.	2012	23293781
pathology of sarcoptic mange in red foxes (vulpes vulpes): macroscopic and histologic characterization of three disease stages.	sarcoptic mange is a highly contagious skin disease that can have a devastating impact on affected wild mammal populations. there are notable variations in the clinical and pathologic picture of sarcoptic mange among species and among conspecifics. however, the origin of these variations is unclear. we propose a classification scheme for skin lesions associated with sarcoptes scabiei infestation to provide a basis for a subsequent risk factor analysis. we conducted a case-control study focused o ...	2013	23307375
smallholder pig production: prevalence and risk factors of ectoparasites.	a cross-sectional study was carried out in the mbeya region, tanzania, with the aim of describing the distribution and diversity of ectoparasites on pigs, within confinement and free-range production systems of smallholder farms. a total of 128 farms were surveyed, with 96 practising confinement and 32 practising free-range production systems. the prevalence of ectoparasites on pigs within confinement and free-range production systems was 24% and 84%, respectively. logistic regression analyses r ...	2013	23357599
novel insights into an old disease: recent developments in scabies mite biology.	scabies is a serious disease of both humans and other animals caused by infestation of the skin with the ectoparasitic mite sarcoptes scabiei. our current understanding of scabies mite biology and disease processes is far outweighed by the significant, worldwide impact of the disease. this review summarizes the recent data which furthers our knowledge of mite biology, host specificity and parasite host evasion mechanisms.	2013	23385639
comparison of oral ivermectin versus crotamiton 10% cream in the treatment of scabies.	scabies is a relatively contagious infection caused by a tiny mite (sarcoptes scabiei). products used to treat scabies are called scabicides because they kill scabies mites; some also kill mite eggs. the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of oral ivermectin versus crotamiton 10% cream for the treatment of scabies.	2014	23431958
clinical efficacy of botanical extracts from eupatorium adenophorum against the sarcoptes scabiei (sarcoptidae: sarcoptes) in rabbits.	the aims of present study were to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of extracts from eupatorium adenophorum against sarcoptes scabiei. a 30-day experiment was performed using new zealand rabbits that were naturally infested with s. scabiei in the toes (n=30) or artificially infected in the external ear margin with s. scabiei (n=30). rabbits were randomly divided into five groups (6 animals per group, a-e groups for rabbits of naturally infested and f-j groups for artificially infected rabbits), ...	2013	23518619
the acaricidal efficacy of aqueous neem extract and ivermectin against sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi in experimentally infested rabbits.	sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi is one of the most important veterinary ectoparasites in rabbits and results in considerable loss of weight, productivity, and wool quality. the acaricidal activity of aqueous leaf extract of neem (can) and ivermectin (ivr) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo against s. scabiei var. cuniculi. rabbits were classified into four groups (ten rabbits each). the first group (group 1) was designated as the negative control group. each rabbit of the other groups was exper ...	2013	23572045
efficacy and safety of tinospora cordifolia lotion in sarcoptes scabiei var hominis-infected pediatric patients: a single blind, randomized controlled trial.	to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of tinospora cordifolia lotion including its cure rate and clearance time compared with permethrin lotion.	2013	23662023
genetic epidemiology of sarcoptes scabiei in the iberian wolf in asturias, spain.	during the last decades, attempts have been made to understand the molecular epidemiology of sarcoptes scabiei, and to detect and clarify the differences between isolates from different hosts and geographic regions. two main phenomena have been described: (i) host-taxon derived-sarcoptes mite infection in european wild animals (revealing the presence of three separate clusters, namely herbivore-, carnivore- and omnivore-derived sarcoptes populations in europe) and (ii) prey-to-predator sarcoptes ...	2013	23664709
variable performance of a human derived sarcoptes scabiei recombinant antigen elisa in swine mange diagnosis.	the performance of an indirect elisa test based on sarcoptes scabiei var hominis recombinant antigen ssλ20δb3 (rec-elisa), to diagnose pig mange was investigated in 15 experimentally infected and non-infected pigs and 692 commercial pigs from 16 herds in southeast spain. these latter animals included 6-7 month old fatteners (13 herds), 11-12 month old replacement sows (1 herd) and ≥24 month old breeding sows (7 herds). all pigs were examined for mites in ear skin scrapings and the presence of s. ...	2013	23683576
a review of pig pathology in tanzania.	the approximately 1.58 million pigs in tanzania represent 3.7% of the national population of quadruped meat-producing animals. pigs are kept mainly by small producers who own 99.5% of the national stock in units that average 3.04 animals (range 2-48). government policy has had little practical application. african swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease and cysticercosis are important diseases. the first two are notifiable diseases under tanzania legislation; the last has widespread distribution and ...	2013	23733144
antibody responses to sarcoptes scabiei apolipoprotein in a porcine model: relevance to immunodiagnosis of recent infection.	no commercial immunodiagnostic tests for human scabies are currently available, and existing animal tests are not sufficiently sensitive. the recombinant sarcoptes scabiei apolipoprotein antigen sar s 14.3 is a promising immunodiagnostic, eliciting high levels of ige and igg in infected people. limited data are available regarding the temporal development of antibodies to sar s 14.3, an issue of relevance in terms of immunodiagnosis. we utilised a porcine model to prospectively compare specific ...	2013	23762351
feline sarcoptic mange in taiwan: a case series of five cats.	sarcoptes scabiei infestation is rare in cats.	2013	23782002
efficacy of ivermectin and oxfendazole against taenia solium cysticercosis and other parasitoses in naturally infected pigs.	smallholder semi-confined pig production is a fast growing practice in sub-saharan africa with an unfortunate outcome of high prevalence of taenia solium cysticercosis and other parasitoses. the widely used anthelmintic for control of endo and ecto-parasites in pigs in the area is ivermectin at a recommended dose of 0.3mg/kg. this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety in pigs after subcutaneous injection of ivermectin (ivm, 0.3mg/kg) and orally administration of oxfendazole (of ...	2013	23806569
intense nocturnal itching should raise suspicion of scabies.	scabies is caused by infestation with a parasitic mite sarcoptes scabiei var hominis. the itch and rash appear to be largely the result of a delayed (type iv) allergic reaction to the mite, its eggs and excreta. scabies is spread by a mite transferring to the skin surface of an unaffected person, usually by skin to skin contact with an infested person, but occasionally via contaminated bed linen, clothes or towels. in crusted scabies, mites are also dispersed within shed scales, enabling the con ...	2013	23808128
identification and expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in sarcoptes scabiei.	macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine produced by many mammalian tissues including skin. it is also found in many invertebrate parasites of mammals including ticks and may function to aid the parasite to evade the innate and adaptive immune responses in the host. in this study, the cdna for a mif gene was sequenced from sarcoptes scabiei, the scabies mite, using rt-pcr and race molecular techniques. the resulting nucleotide sequence had a length o ...	2013	23831036
prevalence and zoonotic aspects of small ruminant mange in the lateritic and waterlogged zones, southern benin.	an epidemiological survey was undertaken from march to september 2010 to assess the prevalence and zoonotic aspects of scabies in small ruminants in two agro-ecological zones in southern benin. small ruminant (n = 444) smallholders and 1,807 of their animals (1,233 west african dwarf goats and 574 west african dwarf sheep) were included in the study. the animals underwent physical examination and, when scabies-like lesions were found, crusts and integument scrapings were collected for microscopi ...	2013	23856728
in vivo imaging of sarcoptes scabiei infestation using optical coherence tomography.	sarcoptes scabiei can be visualized with different imaging tools. optical coherence tomography (oct) may have the potential to describe the changes in skin morphology due to scabies infestation and visualize the parasite.	2013	23874291
characterisation and analysis of thioredoxin peroxidase as a potential antigen for the serodiagnosis of sarcoptic mange in rabbits by dot-elisa.	scabies caused by sarcoptes scabiei is a widespread but a neglected tropical zoonosis. in this study, we characterised a s. scabiei thioredoxin peroxidase (sstpx) and evaluated a recombinant sstpx as a diagnostic antigen in rabbits.	2013	23875925
diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of scabies.	scabies remains a public health problem, especially in developing countries, with a worldwide incidence of approximately 300 million cases each year. prolonged skin-to-skin contact is necessary to allow the transmission of the causative mite, sarcoptes scabiei. classic scabies presents with burrows, erythematous papules, and generalized pruritus. clinical variants include nodular scabies and crusted scabies, also called norwegian scabies. the diagnosis is based mainly on history and physical exa ...	2013	23904181
sarcoptes scabiei mites modulate gene expression in human skin equivalents.	the ectoparasitic mite, sarcoptes scabiei that burrows in the epidermis of mammalian skin has a long co-evolution with its hosts. phenotypic studies show that the mites have the ability to modulate cytokine secretion and expression of cell adhesion molecules in cells of the skin and other cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems that may assist the mites to survive in the skin. the purpose of this study was to identify genes in keratinocytes and fibroblasts in human skin equivalents (hses ...	2013	23940705
the use of radio-collars for monitoring wildlife diseases: a case study from iberian ibex affected by sarcoptes scabiei in sierra nevada, spain.	wildlife radio tracking has gained popularity during the recent past. ecologists and conservationists use radio-collars for different purposes: animal movement monitoring, home range, productivity, population estimation, behaviour, habitat use, survival, and predator-prey interaction, among others. the aim of our present study is to highlight the application of radio-collars for wildlife diseases monitoring. the spread of wildlife diseases and the efficacy of management actions for controlling t ...	2013	23965311
relationship between the prevalence of ectoparasites and associated risk factors in free-range pigs in kenya.	a cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites and possible risk factors in free-range pigs from 135 farms of busia district, kenya. three hundred and six pigs were examined for presence of external parasites using standard parasitological methods. data on management practices including housing and history of acaricide spraying were also collected. the ectoparasites found in the pigs were haematopinus suis (96.1%), sarcoptes scabiei (63.7%), and ticks (29.7%) ...	2013	23984085
molecular survey of knockdown resistance to pyrethroids in human scabies mites.	there are growing concerns about the emergence of resistance of sarcoptes scabiei to permethrin and other pyrethroid derivatives. sarcoptes scabiei mites collected from 40 patients visiting two hospitals near paris, france, were genotypically characterized considering two parts of their voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene. no nucleotide polymorphism resulting in a codon change at codon 733 or other positions associated with knockdown resistance in other arthropods has been identified. these da ...	2014	23991892
acaricidal properties of an ailanthus altissima bark extract against psoroptes cuniculi and sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi in vitro.	the potential acaricidal properties of an ailanthus altissima bark extract were assessed against two common species of animal ectoparasitic mites, psoroptes cuniculi and sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi, in vitro. a. altissima bark extract was obtained by ethanol thermal circumfluence and tested at four concentrations (1.0, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 g/ml) on mites collected from rabbits. compared to the fenvalerate treatment group, the a. altissima bark exhibited significant acaricidal properties for b ...	2014	24052400
a novel clinical grading scale to guide the management of crusted scabies.	crusted scabies, or hyperinfestation with sarcoptes scabiei, occurs in people with an inadequate immune response to the mite. in recent decades, data have emerged suggesting that treatment of crusted scabies with oral ivermectin combined with topical agents leads to lower mortality, but there are no generally accepted tools for describing disease severity. here, we describe a clinical grading scale for crusted scabies and its utility in real world practice.	2013	24069468
scalp involvement by sarcoptes scabiei var hominis resembling seborrhoeic dermatitis in two immunocompromised patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.	scabies is a common condition in new zealand but scalp infestation by the mite is not often considered. topical treatments traditionally do not involve the scalp. we report two cases of immunocompromised patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) who had scalp infestation clinically mimicking seborrhoeic dermatitis.	2013	24126752
crusted scabies misdiagnosed as erythrodermic psoriasis in a 3-year-old girl with down syndrome.	scabies is a highly contagious infestation with the sarcoptes scabiei var hominis mite. the variety of clinical presentations make timely, accurate diagnosis problematic. we report the case of a 3-year-old girl with down syndrome and crusted scabies initially misdiagnosed as erythrodermic psoriasis.	2014	24138478
treatment of scabies: the topical ivermectin vs. permethrin 2.5% cream.	human scabies is caused by an infestation of the skin by the human itch mite (sarcoptes scabiei va. hominis). it is commonly treated with topical insecticides, but the treatment of choice is still controversial. the aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of topical ivermectin vs. permethrin 2.5% cream for the treatment of scabies. in total, 380 patients with scabies were enrolled, and randomized into two groups: the first group received 1% ivermectin applied topically to the affected skin ...	2013	24171301
case for diagnosis.	human scabies is an intensely pruritic skin infestation caused by sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. crusted scabies (previously known as norwegian scabies) is a rare form, very contagious and transmitted by direct contact with the skin. despite being readily treatable, a delayed diagnosis often leads to widespread infestation of contacts, and therefore difficult to restrain. this case concerns a patient where dermoscopy (with scabetic burrows and a visible hand-glider structure), together with dir ...	2015	24173196
[diagnosis of scabies by high-magnification dermoscopy: the "delta-wing jet" appearance of sarcoptes scabiei].		2013	24206810
an aspartic protease of the scabies mite sarcoptes scabiei is involved in the digestion of host skin and blood macromolecules.	scabies is a disease of worldwide significance, causing considerable morbidity in both humans and other animals. the scabies mite sarcoptes scabiei burrows into the skin of its host, obtaining nutrition from host skin and blood. aspartic proteases mediate a range of diverse and essential physiological functions such as tissue invasion and migration, digestion, moulting and reproduction in a number of parasitic organisms. we investigated whether aspartic proteases may play role in scabies mite di ...	2013	24244770
bullous scabies in an adult: a case report with review of literature.	scabies is an infestation caused by sarcoptes scabiei, characterized by polymorphous lesions that may include burrows, papules, nodules, excoriation, and crusts. vesicular and bullous lesions are rather rare. bullous scabies is regarded as a distinct subtype of scabies, closely resembling bullous pemphigoid. here, we report a case of bullous scabies in an adult male and review the literature.	2013	24350014
norwegian crusted scabies: an unusual case presentation.	scabies is a contagious condition that is transmitted through direct contact with an infected person and has been frequently associated with institutional and healthcare-facility outbreaks. the subtype norwegian crusted scabies can masquerade as other dermatologic diseases owing to the heavy plaque formation. successful treatment has been documented in published reports, including oral ivermectin and topical permethrin. few case studies documenting the treatment of norwegian crusted scabies have ...	2016	24370484
advances in studies of disease-navigating webs: sarcoptes scabiei as a case study.	the discipline of epidemiology is the study of the patterns, causes and effects of health and disease conditions in defined anima populations. it is the key to evidence-based medicine, which is one of the cornerstones of public health. one of the important facets of epidemiology is disease-navigating webs (disease-nw) through which zoonotic and multi-host parasites in general move from one host to another. epidemiology in this context includes (i) classical epidemiological approaches based on th ...	2014	24406101
therapeutic management of sarcoptic mange in a sheep flock.	sarcoptic mange infested sheep showed pruritis, excoriation, crusts, lichenification and secondary alopecia on face and ears. all the infested sheep were treated successfully with ivermectin at 200 μg/kg body weight and complete recovery of skin was observed between 10th and 14th day post treatments. sarcoptic mange is highly contagious and the spread of sarcoptes scabiei is usually by close contact but in goats not same because it has natural resistance against sheep mange.	2013	24431584
validation of pcr assay for identification of sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis.	infestation of the skin by the "itch mite" sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis results in a contagious skin infection in humans called "scabies". by resolving morphology issues, the present study was designed to be acquainted with itch mite by molecular markers.	2013	24454438
vaccine against scabies: necessity and possibility.	scabies is an infectious disease that is endemic in poorly resourced communities, and also common in industrialized countries. although the disease, which is caused by infestation of sarcoptes scabiei, is generally mild, the need for a vaccine against s. scabiei is proposed. the immunological mechanisms that control s. scabiei infection are discussed and the current status of scabies vaccine development reviewed. future directions for scabies vaccine development are also addressed.	2014	24476932
interventions for preventing the spread of infestation in close contacts of people with scabies.	scabies, caused by sarcoptes scabiei variety hominis or the human itch mite, is a common parasitic infection. while anyone can become infected, it causes significant morbidity in immunocompromised hosts and it spreads easily between human hosts where there is overcrowding or poor sanitation. the most common symptom reported is itch which is worse at night. as the symptoms are attributed to an allergic reaction to the mite, symptoms usually develop between four to six weeks after primary infectio ...	2014	24566946
infections with cardiopulmonary and intestinal helminths and sarcoptic mange in red foxes from two different localities in denmark.	monitoring parasitic infections in the red fox is essential for obtaining baseline knowledge on the spread of diseases of veterinary and medical importance. in this study, screening for cardiopulmonary and intestinal helminths and sarcoptic mange (sarcoptes scabiei) was done on 118 foxes originating from two distinct localities in denmark, (copenhagen) greater area and southern jutland. fifteen parasite species were recorded in 116 foxes (98.3%), nine parasitic species are of zoonotic potential. ...	2014	24570055
control of scabies outbreaks in an italian hospital: an information-centered management strategy.	scabies is a dermatologic infestation caused by sarcoptes scabiei. in industrialized countries, hospitals and other health structures can sometimes be hit. the optimal management of scabies outbreaks still has to be established, mass prophylaxis being one possible option.	2014	24581020
acaricidal activity of 9-oxo-10,11-dehydroageraphorone extracted from eupatorium adenophorum in vitro.	the acaricidal activity of the 9-oxo-10,11-dehydroageraphorone (euptox a), a cadenine sesquiterpene from eupatorium adenophorum (e. adenophorum) against sarcoptes scabiei and psoroptes cuniculi was tested in vitro. a complementary log-log (cll) model was used to analyze the data of the toxicity tests in vitro. the results showed euptox a had strong toxicity against mites, killing all s. scabiei at 3 and 4 mg/ml (m/v) concentration, while 4 mg/ml euptox a was also found to kill all p. cuniculi wi ...	2014	24631419
primary and secondary experimental infestation of rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) with sarcoptes scabiei from a wild rabbit: factors determining resistance to reinfestation.	studies of sarcoptic mange and immunity are hampered by lack of mite sources and natural infestation models. we have investigated the clinical and pathological signs, specific igg response and acquired immunity in naïve new zealand white rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) experimentally infested with sarcoptes scabiei originally isolated from a clinically affected free-living european wild rabbit. twenty rabbits were infested using two methods, direct contact for a 24 h period with a seeder rabbit ...	2014	24690250
isolated itching of the genitals.	a 38-year-old man, returned from ivory coast 2 months ago and presented with a 3-month history of pruritus exclusively on the scrotum. itching was continuous during the day and no pruritus was described in his wife and son. clinical examination of the genitals revealed several nodules on the scrotum, a chancrous lesion was seen on the penis, and multiple excoriations were noted. dermoscopy exam with a dermatoscope of the whole body was performed and no papules, nodules, or burrow were found. mic ...	2014	24696404
abul- hasan al-tabari: a review of his views and works.	abul-hasan al-tabari was a 10th century persian physician born in tabaristan. he was a creative and innovative physician who avoided emulating treatments without investigating and examining them. tabari was an encyclopedist and had a holistic view to medicine. investigation of the views of this great persian scholar indicated that his scientific and moral characteristics contain: paying adequate attention to philosophy and medical ethics, citing other scholars' works, attention to the necessity ...	2014	24724609
preliminary molecular characterizations of sarcoptes scaibiei (acari: sarcoptidae) from farm animals in egypt.	little is known about the genetic diversity of sarcoptes scabiei mites in farm animals in egypt. in this study, we characterized s. scabiei in 25 skin scrapes from water buffalo, cattle, sheep, and rabbits at the nuclear marker its2 and mitochondrial markers cox1 and 16s rrna. sequences of the its2 showed no host segregation or geographical isolation, whereas those of the mitochondrial cox1 and 16s rrna genes indicated the presence of both host-adapted and geographically segregated populations o ...	2014	24728386