Publications

simple method of detecting sarcoptes scabiei var hominis mites among bedridden elderly patients suffering from severe scabies infestation using an adhesive-tape.	scabies infestation is very common among bedridden elderly patients. the standard method of diagnosis for scabies by scraping the skin requires some skill. therefore, dermatologists employ this method. however, dermatologists are usually not present in most long-term nursing units. thus, we tried to catch mites using a strong transparent adhesive tape commercially available for packing use as an alternative method for the diagnosis of severe scabies infestation.	2006	16908942
the occurrence of parasitic arthropods in two groups of european bison in the białowieza primeval forest.	within 1992-2000, a total of 181 białowieza forest bison were examined from two winter herds. twelf parasitic arthropod species were observed, a high infestation being typical of demodex bisonianius, chorioptes bovis, ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus, and bisonicola sedecimdecembrii. the infestation in section 422 herd being higher for b. sedecimdecembrii, i. ricinus, d. reticulatus, ch. bovis. d. bisonianus was slightly more prevalent in the section 391 herd, the intensity being, however ...	2001	16886430
[parasitic acari of wild boar (sus scrofa l.) from pomerania lake district].	in years 1994-1998, 553 wild boars (sus scrofa l.) were examined in the area of north-western part of poland. four species of parasitic acarids were found: demodex phylloides, sarcoptes scabiei, dermacentor reticulatus and ixodes ricinus. the highest infestation was observed in the case of d. phylloides (30%), the next from the top was presented by ixodes ricinus (17%). s. scabiei and d. reticulatus occured seldom.	2000	16886367
potential pathogens carried by spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) in southern spain.	the spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) population of southern spain was surveyed for potential pathogens associated with the conjunctiva, external ear canal, as well as reproductive and upper respiratory tracts. we sampled 321 ibex (131 adult males, 100 adult females, and 90 yearlings); these included 271 apparently healthy animals and 50 that were naturally infected with sarcoptes scabiei. a total of 688 bacterial isolates were identified (377 gram-negatives, 225 gram-positives, and 86 my ...	2006	16870855
identification of auto-antigens in skin scrapings from scabies-infected pigs.	sarcoptes scabiei continues to cause major health and economic problems in a large range of animals and humans. although the inflammatory response to the mite and its antigens is known to cause the main pathology, little work has been carried out on this response at the site of infection. this report presents an initial analysis of the proteins found in skin scrapings and their antigenic responsiveness in pigs. skin scrapings and mite extracts were isolated from chronically infected sows while i ...	2006	16842794
outbreak: 10 tips to make scabies scamper.	problem: most nursing homes are aware of the pandemonium an outbreak of scabies can cause-the laundry alone occupies staff for days. debilitated residents and those who have poor selfcare skills require considerable help with the activities associated with the eradication of sarcoptes scabiei. how can a consultant pharmacist help? solution: consultant pharmacists should cultivate a "high index of suspicion" for scabies. scabies mites live their entire lives on the human host as obligate parasite ...	2006	16824000
molecular characterization, expression and localization of tropomyosin and paramyosin immunodominant allergens from sheep scab mites (psoroptes ovis).	cdnas encoding the immunodominant allergens tropomyosin and paramyosin were amplified from rna extracted from the sheep scab mite psoroptes ovis. the tropomyosin cdna contained an open reading frame (orf) of 852 bp which encoded a predicted protein with 98% and 97% identity to the house dust mite allergens der f 10 and der p 10 respectively. the complete paramyosin orf generated by rt-pcr was 2625 bp in length and encoded an 875aa predicted protein of 102.6 kda with 97%, 95% and 89% identity to ...	2006	16817997
prevalence and regional distribution of scab, lice and blowfly strike in great britain.	the prevalence of psoroptic mange (sheep scab), louse infestation and blowfly strike in sheep in great britain between march 2003 and february 2004 was investigated by means of a retrospective postal survey, stratified by region. of the 3530 questionnaires sent out, 1067 were returned completed, a response rate of 30.2 per cent. overall, 9 per cent of the farmers reported at least one outbreak of scab, 10.7 per cent reported an outbreak of lice and 75 per cent reported at least one case of blowf ...	2006	16751308
presence of host immunoglobulin in the gut of sarcoptes scabiei (acari: sarcoptidae).	sarcoptes scabiei (de geer) mites burrow in the nonliving stratum corneum of the epidermis of their mammalian hosts. these mites ingest extracellular fluid (serum) that seeps into the burrow from the lower vascular dermis. a strong host antibody response occurs when mites die in the skin. this suggests internal immunogenic proteins are released into the host at this time. vaccination with internal antigens may be an approach to protect against this mite if host antibody to internal antigens that ...	2006	16739413
scabies.	scabies is a neglected parasitic disease that is a major public health problem in many resource-poor regions. it causes substantial morbidity from secondary infections and post-infective complications such as acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. disease control requires treatment of the affected individual and all people they have been in contact with, but is often hampered by inappropriate or delayed diagnosis, poor treatment compliance, and improper use of topical compounds such as per ...	2006	16731272
comparison of scratching behaviour of growing pigs with sarcoptic mange before and after treatment, employing two distinct approaches.	in a closed pig breeding and finishing herd suffering from sarcoptic mange, two selected groups of pigs were filmed during a period of 10 days before and after treatment. the observation always commenced each hour and lasted for 15 min. before treatment, observations was done round the clock, after treatment from 8:00 to 22:15. before treatment the pens were stocked with 11 (pen a) and 10 (pen b) growing pigs (large whitexlandrace sows; 5 months old) with an average weight of approximately 70 kg ...	2006	16713095
[a case of very serious sarcoptes mange in alpacas (lama pacos)].	after the diagnosis sarcoptic mange in four alpaca's (lama pacos) we have tried to control this infection. despite three treatments with doramectin, three with ivermectin, four with amitraz and two with diazinon we were unable to get the animals free of sarcoptes mites and their condition deteriorated. one animal died six month after the first treatment. the three remaining animals were euthanized one month thereafter.	2006	16673637
scabies presenting with bullous pemphigoid-like lesions.	a wide range of clinical manifestations may be seen in scabies, from classic pruritic papules and burrows to secondary features such as impetigo. bullus lesions are a less frequent. twenty cases of scabies presenting with bullae have been reported so far in the medical literature. differentiating this subtype of scabies from the immunobullous disease bullus pemphigoid is a diagnostic challenge. a 42-year-old man was referred to our dermatology outpatient clinic with 3-month history of severe pru ...	2006	16638387
clinical practices. scabies.		2006	16625010
evidence that scabies mites (acari: sarcoptidae) influence production of interleukin-10 and the function of t-regulatory cells (tr1) in humans.	we performed experiments to determine whether an extract of sarcoptes scabiei (de geer) influenced cytokine expression by human t-lymphocytes. peripheral blood mononuclear cells from five sensitized donors and four donors without sensitization to scabies mites were challenged with a t-cell mitogen alone, with scabies extract (ss) alone, or with mitogen and ss together. supernatants were analyzed for the cytokines interferon-gamma (ifngamma), interleukin (il)-2, il-4, and il-10. no il-2 or il-4 w ...	2006	16619612
development and bayesian evaluation of an elisa to detect specific antibodies to sarcoptes scabiei var suis in the meat juice of pigs.	samples of ear scrapings, serum and diaphragmatic muscle were collected from 271 fattening pigs at the slaughterhouse. the scrapings were examined for the presence of mites, and tests for specific antibodies to sarcoptes scabiei var suis in the serum and meat juice were made with an experimental elisa. the cut-off value for the meat-juice elisa was estimated at an optical density of 0.5 by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, on the basis of the cut-off value for the serum elisa of ...	2006	16617041
pcr-based assay to survey for knockdown resistance to pyrethroid acaricides in human scabies mites (sarcoptes scabiei var hominis).	permethrin, in the form of a topical cream, is being increasingly used for community-based programs to control endemic scabies. the development of resistance has reduced the use of pyrethroids for the control of many arthropods of economic and health importance. the best recognized form of pyrethroid resistance, known as knockdown resistance or kdr, has been linked to specific mutations in the target of these agents, the para-homologous voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene (vssc). to develop to ...	2006	16607000
progress and opportunities in the development of vaccines against mites, fleas and myiasis-causing flies of veterinary importance.	despite the potential benefits offered by vaccination against ectoparasites, there have been few commercial successes with this strategy, in spite of sustained efforts using increasingly sophisticated techniques. this review outlines the progress and challenges offered by recent research into vaccination against some of the major ectoparasites of veterinary importance, and provides an insight into the opportunities arising from our increased understanding of the immunology of host-parasite relat ...	2006	16542318
prevalence of pediculosis and scabies in preschool nursery children of afyon, turkey.	scabies and pediculosis are ubiquitous, contagious, and debilitating parasitic dermatoses. the tendency of high prevalence of pediculosis and scabies among school and preschool age children has prompted us to conduct a head louse and scabies prevalence survey among preschool nursery children in our district. a school-based, crosssectional study was performed, with 1,134 children chosen for evaluation. all cases were evaluated by physical examination and a detailed, structured questionnaire. the ...	2006	16514290
the efficacy of an imidacloprid/moxidectin combination against naturally acquired sarcoptes scabiei infestations on dogs.	the study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the efficacy of an imidacloprid (10% w/v)/moxidectin (2.5% w/v) combination (advocate bayer healthcare, animal health) with that of selamectin for the treatment of sarcoptes scabiei on dogs. thirty naturally infested dogs, of which one was later withdrawn because of distemper, were allocated to two equal groups and individually housed. the dogs in each group were treated twice, four weeks apart, with either the combination product (0.1 ml/kg body ...	2006	16498829
preparation and use of a scabies skin scraping kit.		2006	16477160
identification of abc transporters in sarcoptes scabiei.	we have identified and partially sequenced 8 abc transporters from an est dataset of sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, the causative agent of scabies. analysis confirmed that most of the known abc subfamilies are represented in the est dataset including several members of the multidrug resistance protein subfamily (abc-c). although p-glycoprotein (abc-b) sequences were not found in the est dataset, a partial p-glycoprotein sequence was subsequently obtained using a degenerate pcr strategy and libr ...	2006	16454864
characterization of an atypical antigen from sarcoptes scabiei containing an madf domain.	we have cloned a cdna encoding a novel antigen from a sarcoptes scabiei (acari) cdna library by immunoscreening with sera from s. scabiei-infected dogs. the antigen is encoded by a 2,157 bp mrna with a predicted open reading frame of 719 amino acids (molecular weight 79 kda). our sequence analysis identified the presence of a madf domain in the n-terminus, and downstream of this domain there was a region of low sequence complexity. this latter region contained several blocks of triplets and quad ...	2006	16393360
identification and characterization of sarcoptes scabiei and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus glutathione s-transferases: implication as a potential major allergen in crusted scabies.	the astigmatid mite sarcoptes scabiei is the causative agent of scabies, a highly infectious parasitic disease of the skin. although the mite causes marked hypersensitivity reactions, particularly in crusted (severe) scabies, little is known about the specific scabies mite molecules involved in such immunologic responses. we have identified six genes encoding scabies mite homologues of mu and delta-like glutathione s-transferases (gsts) as well as novel house dust mite gsts. a mu class s. scabie ...	2005	16282315
the rise and fall of psoroptic scabies in bighorn sheep in the san andres mountains, new mexico.	between 1978 and 1997, a combination of psoroptic scabies (psoroptes spp.), mountain lion (puma concolor) predation, and periodic drought reduced a population of native desert bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) in the san andres mountains (sam), new mexico, from >200 individuals to a single ewe. in 1999, this ewe was captured, ensured to be psoroptes-free, and released back into the sam. eleven radio-collared rams were translocated from the red rock wildlife area (rrwa) in new mexico into the sam r ...	2005	16244062
[management of scabies in long term care facilities].	regularly, cases of scabies are diagnosed. old institutionalized persons with depressed immunity are particularly sensitive to this type of infestation. scabies is an ectoparasitose related to sarcoptes scabiei. clinical picture can be highly variable depending of the type of scabies (typical scabies, profuse one or norvegian scabies). even if the etiologic agent is the same, each type has its own characteristics and is different as far as the contagiosity is concerned. diagnostic of scabies can ...	2005	16240873
reflectance-mode confocal microscopy for the in vivo detection of sarcoptes scabiei.		2005	16230583
efficacy and safety of imidacloprid 10% plus moxidectin 2.5% spot-on in the treatment of sarcoptic mange and otoacariosis in dogs: results af a european field study.	efficacy and safety of treatment with imidacloprid 10%+moiddectin 2.5% spot-on (advocate, advantage multi; bayer ag, leverkusen, germany) were tested in dogs naturally infested with sarcoptes scabiei or otodectes cynotis in a multi-centre, controlled, randomized, blinded field study conducted in france, germany, albania and the uk. the study was performed according to a non-inferiority design to demonstrate that the efficacy of imidacloprid/moxidectin spot-on was not inferior to that of a contro ...	2005	16228280
[acaricidal activity of "medifox" against the human itch mites sarcoptes scabiei].	the acaricidal activity of medifox was evaluated in terms of the itch mites to lend support to the validity of its regimen to treat human scabies. experiments using mainly females, eggs, and larvae withdrawn from the burrows on the skin of patients with scabies were performed. permethrin contained in 0.4% aqueous medifox emulsion was found to affect an itch mite by contact and intestinal routes, without a marked knock-down effect; however, the signs of intoxication are irreversible and lead to t ...	2005	16212099
epidemiological study of scabies in different environmental conditions in central poland.	the goal of the research was to determine the spreading of sarcoptes scabiei and the incidence of scabies in the residents of particular districts of the swietokrzyskie voivodeship (central europe) from 1990 to 1998.	2006	16198600
navigating parasite webs and parasite flow: emerging and re-emerging parasitic zoonoses of wildlife origin.	wildlife are now recognised as an important source of emerging human pathogens, including parasites. this paper discusses the linkages between wildlife, people, zoonotic parasites and the ecosystems in which they co-exist, revisits definitions for 'emerging' and 're-emerging', and lists zoonotic parasites that can be acquired from wildlife including, for some, estimates of the associated global human health burdens. the paper also introduces the concepts of 'parasite webs' and 'parasite flow', p ...	2005	16168994
failure to protect goats following vaccination with soluble proteins of sarcoptes scabiei: evidence for a role for ige antibody in protection.	developing an anti-scabies vaccine is thought to be a feasible alternative to chemical control, since animals which have recovered from sarcoptic mange become resistant against mite reinfestation. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective value of immune responses developed in animals after immunisation with soluble mite proteins. soluble proteins from sarcoptes scabiei were extracted then subjected to ion exchange chromatography, and proteins from the column were eluted step-wise ...	2005	16118041
use of doramectin for treatment of sarcoptic mange in five angora rabbits.	the efficacy of administering doramectin after moxidectin treatment, which has previously proved only partially effective, was evaluated in five angora rabbits naturally infested with sarcoptes scabiei mange. evaluations included physical examination for clinical signs of sarcoptic mange and collection of skin scrapings for determination of mites. the rabbits first received two subcutaneous injections, 10 days apart, of moxidectin 1% injectable solution at a dosage of 0.2 mg kg(-1) of bodyweight ...	2005	16101801
oral ivermectin for the treatment and prophylaxis of scabies in prison.	oral ivermectin has been widely used to treat various human diseases, such as filariasis, myiasis, larva migrans, strongyloidiasis and scabies (both the common and crusted forms). however, there are only a small number of papers on the effects of this drug for the control of scabies in infested environments. the current study shows the results obtained with the collective treatment of inmates of a public jail.	2005	16096178
sperm structure and phylogeny of astigmata.	the astigmata, a large and variable group, is still a subject of taxonomic dispute. particularly, their origin from ancestors of the lower oribatid mites (e.g., malaconothroidea) seems well documented by many lines of evidence. the structure of spermatozoa has been successfully applied to phylogenetic investigations in many animal groups. the aim of our study was to provide new data on spermatozoon structure in astigmata and to consider its appropriateness in phylogenetic studies. the study reve ...	2005	16086405
scrotal mange.		1969	16030665
sarcoptes scabiei infection on an alpaca (lama pacos).		2005	16012592
sarcoptic mange in free-ranging raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) in japan.	sarcoptes scabiei infestation was diagnosed in three freshly dead free-ranging raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) in kanagawa prefecture, japan. the dogs presented with an alopecic pruritic skin disease, with signs of alopecia on the ears, muzzle, around the eyes, elbow, thigh and the neck, and hyperpigmented and crusted skin lesions, which had a severe malodour. skin scrapings revealed the presence of the mite sarcoptes scabiei. histopathology of lesions demonstrated marked acanthosis, hyp ...	2005	15960631
a closer look at sarcoptes scabiei.		2005	15913439
unusual laboratory findings in a case of norwegian scabies provided a clue to diagnosis.	the diagnosis of norwegian scabies was missed for a year for an elderly long-term-care facility resident. serpiginous tracks were noted on the surface of sabouraud dextrose agar used for fungal culture of the skin scrapings. this unusual laboratory manifestation must alert clinical microbiologists to the possible diagnosis of scabies.	2005	15872307
sarcoptes scabiei in infundibulum of nodular scabies.		2005	15841668
parasitic zoonoses in papua new guinea.	relatively few species of zoonotic parasites have been recorded in humans in papua new guinea. a greater number of potentially zoonotic species, mostly nematodes, occur in animals but are yet to be reported from humans. protozoa is the best represented group of those infecting man, with giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium parvum, cyclospora cayetanesis, toxoplasma gondii, sarcocystis spp., entamoeba polecki, balantidium coli and, possibly, blastocystis hominis. the only zoonotic helminths infect ...	2005	15831107
analysis of sarcoptes scabiei finds no evidence of infection with wolbachia.	the endosymbiont wolbachia has been detected in a range of filarial nematodes and parasitic mites and is known to affect host reproductive compatibility and potentially evolutionary processes. pcr of wolbachia surface protein (wsp), ftsz and 16srrna genes from individual sarcoptes scabiei mites obtained from a series of individual hosts, and database searches of an s. scabiei var. hominis est library failed to detect wolbachia genes. therefore, wolbachia appears not to be involved in the genetic ...	2004	15710433
crossreacting igg antibodies against fox mite antigens in human scabies.	scabies continues to be an important parasitic disease of mammals. there remain, however, major gaps in the understanding of the human host immune response, and a simple diagnostic test is lacking. in contrast to human mites, red fox mites (sarcoptes scabiei var. vulpis) can be collected easily and have been used, due to crossreactivity, for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) studies in dogs and pigs. we wanted to investigate the possibility that crossreactivity might also exist for the h ...	2004	15650895
prevalence, risk factors and economic importance of infestations with sarcoptes scabiei and haematopinus suis in sows of pig breeding farms in hesse, germany.	a cross-sectional survey was performed in 110 randomly selected pig-breeding farms of southern hesse, germany to estimate the prevalence of ectoparasite infestations and to find possible risk factors. ear scrapings of, if available, 10 sows per farm were examined for sarcoptes scabiei var. suis (de geer) (acaridida: sarcoptidae) by the potassium hydroxide digestion method, and a total of 2754 sows was inspected for skin lesions and infestations with haematopinus suis (l.) (anoplurida: haematopin ...	2004	15642002
functional analysis and localisation of a delta-class glutathione s-transferase from sarcoptes scabiei.	the mite sarcoptes scabiei causes sarcoptic mange, or scabies, a disease that affects both animals and humans worldwide. our interest in s. scabiei led us to further characterise a glutathione s-transferase. this multifunctional enzyme is a target for vaccine and drug development in several parasitic diseases. the s. scabiei glutathione s-transferase open reading frame reported here is 684 nucleotides long and yields a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 26 kda. through phylogenetic analy ...	2004	15619514
[infantile acropustulosis].	from a clinical point of view: infantile acropustulosis is a rare and little known dermatosis affecting young children. clinically, it consists of prurigenous vesiculo-pustular lesions characteristically localised on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. no confusion should exist: the principle differential diagnosis is scabies. the other differential diagnosis is neonatal pustulosis. a controversial hypothesis: the aetiopathogenesis is unknown, but some cases of infantile acropustul ...	2004	15615244
sarcoptes scabiei in a sexually transmitted infections unit: a 15-year study.	few epidemiologic studies of scabies in sexually transmitted infection (sti) unit attenders exist.	2004	15608592
ectoparasitic sexually transmitted diseases: scabies and pediculosis.	scabies and pediculosis are diagnosed on an almost daily basis in many dermatology offices. whether the patient seeks medical attention because of the often unbearable itch of scabies or because of the fear of lice infestations, the physician should be on the lookout for these ectoparasitic infestations. secondary bacterial infection, resistance to medication, and the risk of spread of the infestations to family members and other close contacts may complicate the problem. patients frequently hav ...	2004	15596323
the effect of antimicrobial growth promoter withdrawal on the health of weaned pigs in finland.	the use of the antimicrobial growth promoters (agps) carbadox and olaquindox has been banned in the european union (eu) since september 1999. we studied the effects of the withdrawal on the health of weaned piglets on two types of piglet-producing farms (farrowing herds and farrow-to-finish herds) from the different regions of finland. farms with no major problems with post-weaning diarrhoea were selected for the study to better evaluate the effect of agps alone. data on production, medication a ...	2004	15579342
outbreak of scabies in human beings, acquired from chamois (rupicapra rupicapra).		2004	15559427
norwegian scabies in the immunocompromised patient.	norwegian, or crusted, scabies can be defined as a generalized severe scabies (sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis) infestation usually affecting the immunocompromised patient that is most commonly seen with the leukemia-lymphoma group of neoplasms. the diagnosis is commonly missed, which can lead to mismanagement. we describe a patient with norwegian scabies involving the lower extremities. the patient circumstances and treatment, as well as a review of the literature, are presented. the diagnosis o ...	2004	15547127
biotin-avidin amplified elisa for detection of antibodies to sarcoptes scabiei in chamois (rupicapra spp.).	scabies is a major threat to the well being of mountain-dwelling bovid hosts, rupicapra rupicapra and rupicapra pyrenaica. severe outbreaks are in progress over a significant part of their distribution area and resource managers demand improved methods to monitor, analyse and possibly forecast the spread and effects of scabies at the population level. an amplified capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect antibodies to sarcoptes scabiei in chamois (rupicapra spp.) serum. ...	2004	15535959
scabies: new future for a neglected disease.	scabies is a disease of global proportions in both human and animal populations, resulting from infestation of the skin with the "itch" mite sarcoptes scabiei. despite the availability of effective chemotherapy the intensely itching lesions engender significant morbidity primarily due to secondary sepsis and post-infective complications. some patients experience an extreme form of the disease, crusted scabies, in which many hundreds of mites may infest the skin causin severe crusting and hyperke ...	2004	15504541
population effects of sarcoptic mange in barbary sheep (ammotragus lervia) from sierra espuña regional park, spain.	the nonindigenous barbary sheep population (ammotragus lervia) of the sierra espuna regional park (murcia, spain) suffered an outbreak of sarcoptic mange between 1991 and 1995, which contributed to a population decrease of 86%. this study presents the results of two population surveys conducted in 1994 and 1999 based on the fixed point and itineraries method (fpi) and the excrement count (ec) method, as well as data from demographic estimates and clinical observations conducted by the regional a ...	2004	15465713
history, biology and control of sheep scab.	sheep scab is one of the oldest known diseases of sheep. it is caused by either of the mange mites psoroptes ovis (fig. 1 and cover) or sarcoptes scabiei. p. ovis causes irritation so intense that sheep become preoccupied with scratching, cease to feed and rapidly become emaciated. it should be eradicated on welfare grounds alone (fig. 2).	1986	15462743
sarcoptic mange in raccoons in michigan.	sarcoptic mange is a cause of pruritic skin disease in domestic dogs and a wide range of wildlife species. we describe sarcoptic mange in free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor). three adult raccoons from upper wayne county, michigan (usa), were captured, killed, and submitted for diagnostic evaluation. the animals were intensely pruritic, and two had advanced alopecic and crusting lesions over their dorsum and hind limbs. skin scrapings and skin biopsies revealed crusting and hyperkeratotic derma ...	2004	15362840
outbreak of sarcoptic mange and malasseziasis in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus).	an outbreak of combined sarcoptes and malassezia spp. infection was diagnosed in a rabbitry. about 20 (4%) of 500 rabbits were affected. two 6- to 8-month-old female holland lops rabbits were submitted to the tifton diagnostic & investigational laboratory at the university of georgia for complete necropsy. gross lesions consisted of marked multifocal areas of alopecia, crusting, and dermatitis around the eye and on ears, nose, lips, neck, abdomen, feet, and external genitalia. histologic examina ...	2004	15357325
skewed th1/th2 immune response to sarcoptes scabiei.	scabies is a contagious skin disease of humans and many other species of mammals. previous studies suggested that the balance between the th1 and th2 immune responses may influence the outcome of a scabies infestation in a sensitized host. therefore, in this study, we examined the t-helper cell cytokine profiles of splenocytes and lymph node cells in balb/c mice that were immunized with scabies extract (primary response), infested with scabies mites (primary response), or immunized and then infe ...	2004	15357058
on the substantial variation in serological responses in pigs to sarcoptes scabiei var. suis using different commercially available indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.	two trials were carried out to compare the use of different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for the detection of antibodies against sarcoptes scabiei var. suis. in the first trial, we employed four tests and 70 selected sera from a closed pig farm with sarcoptic mange. the sera were taken from the breeding area as well as from the finishing unit and compared with skin scrapings. the sarcoptes-elisa 2001 yielded the most positive results (88.58%), followed by the elisa of the national ...	2004	15338288
rapid quantitative assay for acaricidal effects on sarcoptes scabiei var. suis and otodectes cynotis.	brimer et al. (vet. parasitol. 51: 123-135, 1993 and 59: 249-255, 1995) developed a migration assay for acaricidal effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and macrocyclic lactones utilising sarcoptes scabiei var. suis mites. in contrast to many others, this assay is fully quantitative but quite time-consuming. the aim of the present investigation was to modify this assay to become faster and simpler. as a result accurate determinations can now be obtained within 6h, as opposed to 24h. furtherm ...	2004	15285140
scabies: more than just an irritation.	human scabies, caused by skin infestation with the arthropod mite, sarcoptes scabiei, typically results in a papular, intensely pruritic eruption involving the interdigital spaces, and flexure creases. recent research has led to a reassessment of the morbidity attributable to this parasite in endemic communities, particularly resulting from secondary skin sepsis and postinfective complications including glomerulonephritis. this has led to studies of the benefits of community based control progra ...	2004	15254301
the scybala (fecal pellets) of sacroptes scabiei var. hominis are obviously stained with chlorazol black e.		2004	15235198
first documentation of in vivo and in vitro ivermectin resistance in sarcoptes scabiei.	ivermectin is increasingly being used to treat scabies, especially crusted (norwegian) scabies. however, treatment failures, recrudescence, and reinfection can occur, even after multiple doses. ivermectin resistance has been documented for some intestinal helminths in animals with intensive ivermectin exposure. ivermectin resistance has also been induced in arthropods in laboratory experiments but, to date, has not been documented among arthropods in nature. we report clinical and in vitro evide ...	2004	15206075
a multigene family of inactivated cysteine proteases in sarcoptes scabiei.		2004	15191567
images in clinical medicine. sarcoptes scabiei infestation.		2004	15163791
genetic epidemiology of sarcoptes scabiei (acari: sarcoptidae) in northern australia.	utilising three hypervariable microsatellite markers we have previously shown that scabies mites on people are genetically distinct from those on dogs in sympatric populations in northern australia. this had important ramifications on the formulation of public health control policies. in contrast phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial markers on scabies mites infecting multiple animal hosts elsewhere in the world could not differentiate any genetic variation between mite haplotype and host sp ...	2004	15157767
acaricidal activity of melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil: in vitro sensitivity of sarcoptes scabiei var hominis to terpinen-4-ol.	to compare the acaricidal activity of melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil (tto) and some of its individual active components on the itch mite sarcoptes scabiei var hominis.	2004	15148100
proliferation of protease-enriched mast cells in sarcoptic skin lesions of raccoon dogs.	skin sites, tongue, lung, liver, jejunum and rectum from two raccoon dogs with sarcoptes scabiei infestation and five normal (control) raccoon dogs were examined in terms of the distribution, proteoglycan properties and protease activity of mast cells. infestation with s. scabiei caused a significant increase in the number of dermal mast cells. while the number of mast cells (average +/- standard deviation) in specimens of skin from the dorsum, dorsal neck, dorsal hind foot and dorsal fore foot ...	2004	15144797
dermoscopy for the in vivo detection of sarcoptes scabiei.	we report the case of an 80-year-old patient who had intense pruritus which did not respond to a 3-month treatment with topical corticosteroids. on dermoscopy examination of the excoriations, we found the typical dermoscopic aspect of the scabies mite at a distance. dermoscopy allows identifying a triangular structure which corresponds to the anterior section of the mite including the mouth part and the 2 pairs of front legs. this aspect has been described as resembling a jetliner with its trail ...	2004	15118379
ectoparasites--the underestimated realm.	context: ectoparasitoses (infestations with parasites that live on or in the skin) can cause considerable morbidity. whereas pediculosis and scabies are ubiquitous, cutaneous larva migrans and tungiasis (sand-flea disease) occur mainly in hot climates. the prevalence of ectoparasitoses in the general population is usually low, but can be high in vulnerable groups. scientific knowledge on how to deal best with parasitic skin diseases in different settings is scanty, and evidence-based measures fo ...	2004	15032237
circulating ige in patients with ordinary and crusted scabies.	serum from seven patients with ordinary scabies and six with crusted scabies were screened by immunoblotting for ige- and igg-specific proteins in an extract of the mite, sarcoptes scabiei variety canis. sera from atopic individuals without sensitivity to house dust mites were used as controls. serum from all of the patients with crusted scabies showed strong ige binding to 11-21 and igg binding to 1-7 scabies proteins. in contrast, three of the seven patients with ordinary scabies showed ige bi ...	2004	14989349
extracts of scabies mites (sarcoptidae: sarcoptes scabiei) modulate cytokine expression by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and dendritic cells.	we performed a series of experiments to determine if human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from a healthy donor and dendritic cells (nhdcs) derived from these pbmcs reacted to molecules in a scabies extract. pbmcs extravasate from the circulatory system and enter tissues such as scabietic lesions, where monocytes become macrophages. cells were cultured in medium alone or medium containing 50 microg/ml of sarcoptes scabiei (ss) extract, 50 ng/ml e. coli lipopolysaccharide (lps), or ss ...	2004	14989348
sarcoptes scabiei infestation misdiagnosed and treated as langerhans cell histiocytosis.	the inflammatory cell infiltrate in sarcoptes scabiei infestations often includes langerhans cells. scabies infestations in children may mimic langerhans cell histiocytosis (lch) clinically as well. we report two children with scabies who were misdiagnosed clinically and histologically as lch and treated with systemic chemotherapy. scabies must always be ruled out in infants and children with eczematous eruptions and inflammatory infiltrates that include histiocytes on histologic examination.	2004	14871329
[generic specificity of sarcoptes scabiei (latr.) var. canis].		1951	14836989
[possibilities of transmission of sarcoptes scabiei].		1951	14835514
modulation of cytokine expression in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts by extracts of scabies mites.	sarcoptes scabiei lives in the stratum corneum of its mammalian host. keratinocytes and fibroblasts are among the first cells to encounter the burrowing mite and its products. the aim of this study was to determine if molecules in an extract of s. scabiei modulate the expression of cytokines by keratinocytes and fibroblasts. human keratinocytes and fibroblasts were exposed to an extract of s. scabiei var. canis in the absence or presence of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. cytokine expressio ...	2003	14740884
mechanisms for a novel immune evasion strategy in the scabies mite sarcoptes scabiei: a multigene family of inactivated serine proteases.	parasitic infestation of the skin by the mite sarcoptes scabiei is a significant problem worldwide, particularly in socially disadvantaged communities. a multigene family of at least 24 homologs of a serine protease allergen have been identified in s. scabiei. surprisingly, the products of all but one of these genes are predicted to be catalytically inactive, due to mutations at a critical triad of amino acids at the active site. we discuss the possibility that these genes for inactivated protea ...	2003	14675192
safety and efficacy against mange and nematodes of three formulations of abamectin in arabian camels.		2003	14627239
nosocomial outbreak of scabies in a hospital in spain.	an outbreak of scabies occurred in a ward of a local hospital in barbastro (huesca, spain), between november 2002 and january 2003. the outbreak was linked to a patient infested with mites when he was admitted to the ward on 1 november 2002. the first case had onset of symptoms on 5 november and the last one on 5 january 2003. seventeen cases were reported: 11 healthcare workers (hcws) and six patients. the outbreak was attributed to a delay in diagnosis, and lack of individual protection measur ...	2003	14605375
bullous scabies mimicking bullous pemphigoid.	scabies is an infestation caused by sarcoptes scabiei and characterised by polymorphous lesions that may include burrows, papules, nodules, excoriation and crusts. vesicular and bullous lesions are rather rare. several diseases may be confused with scabies. we report a case of bullous scabies which, on the basis of the clinical and histopathological picture, mimicked bullous pemphigoid. direct and indirect immunofluorescence were negative. bullae recurred and persisted despite systemic corticost ...	2003	14578561
the origin of sarcoptes scabiei in wombats.	in 2002, skerratt et al. phylogenetically analysed sequence data for several haplotypes of the parasitic mite sarcoptes scabiei from wombat, human and dog hosts in australia, to test scenarios concerning the origin and diversification of the scabies infections in wombats. here we note that their substantive conclusions can be called into question by the choice of model used in their phylogenetic analysis, the lack of a root for their phylogenetic trees, and their interpretation of the evolutiona ...	2003	14530970
treatment of sarcoptic, psoroptic and chorioptic mange in a belgian alpaca herd.		2003	14516117
a note on the effects on the growth of tumors of a combined treatment with chlorpromazine and a "mitotic poison".		1963	13963456
sarcoptic mange in the human. a report of an epidemic of 10 cases of infection by sarcoptes scabiei, variety canis.		1961	13890083
[existence of sarcoptes scabiei varietas scabiei crustosae; acarid morphology].		1953	13086690
efficacy of ivermectin against sarcoptes scabiei var suis in pigs.		2003	12974341
expressed sequence tag analysis of sarcoptes scabiei.	sarcoptes scabiei is an important parasitic mite in both man and animals. little is known about the molecular interactions between this pathogen and its host. this is in part explained by the paucity of mite-derived material, including antigens. to extend the knowledge of the molecular repertoire in s. scabiei, we have performed a gene survey by an expressed sequence tag (est) analysis. a total of 1020 ests were generated from an s. scabiei cdna library. the average sequence read was 510 bp afte ...	2003	12954015
what's eating you? canine scabies.	infestation with sarcoptes scabiei var canis, the causative strain of canine scabies, can produce a pruritic rash in humans. the rash generally manifests within 24 to 96 hours of contact with the affected pet. scrapings are generally negative, and the correct diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion.	2003	12953932
ectoparasite infestations of red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in hungary.	a survey was carried out to investigate the ectoparasite infestations of 100 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in hungary. the overall prevalence of flea and tick infestation was high (62 and 86% with the dominance of the anthropophil pulex irritans and ixodes ricinus), but the number of parasites was low to moderate. felicola vulpis was not found in the present study, and the prevalence of otodectes cynotis was only 2%. based on prevalence (21%), mange lesion scores, and the negative correlation betwee ...	2003	12944049
granuloma annulare induced by scabies.		2003	12926818
clinical pearls: a 37-year-old man with a rash...		2003	12837652
productivity effects of bovine mange and control with ivermectin.	a randomised block design study was conducted to evaluate the effects of mange on cattle. twenty-four simmentaler fleckvieh bulls were formed into eight replicates of three bulls based on day -56 body weight (288-414 kg). within replicates bulls were randomly allocated to groups g1: uninfested control, g2: infested control or g3: infested, treated with 0.2mg ivermectin/kg (1% ivermectin injection; ivomec, merial) on day 0. the g2 and g3 bulls were infested with sarcoptes/chorioptes mites on days ...	2003	12809753
oral ivermectin treatment in two cases of scabies: effective in crusted scabies induced by corticosteroid but ineffective in nail scabies.	we report two cases of scabies treated with oral ivermectin (200 micro g/kg). case 1, a 72-year-old man, developed crusted scabies with the use of oral corticosteroids due to a misdiagnosis by an earlier physician. the patient was successfully treated with two doses of oral ivermectin at a 7 day interval with concomitant topical use of crotamiton and keratolytic agents. however, the nail scabies in this patient failed to respond to these treatments. live mites were detected from all his toenails ...	2003	12773808
ectoparasitic infestations in homeless children.	most human ectoparasites live on the surface of their host and depend on that host to complete their life cycle. the most common ectoparasitic infestations of medical importance in humans include pediculosis, scabies, myiasis, and tungiasis. different host factors are related, with increased risk of acquiring ectoparasitic infestation occurring among the homeless. although these ectoparasitic infections can be found worldwide, their prevalence is affected significantly by environmental condition ...	2003	12748918
eucalyptus globulus (camphor oil) against the zoonotic scabies, sarcoptes scabiei.	in egypt, scarcoptes scabiei is the most prevalence mites of medical importance infesting man. this is true in overcrowded and poorly hygienic areas. many effective acaridical regimens are available, but being compounds used as insecticides. with the success of camphor oil in treated human demodicidosis, it was applied for treating human scabies. camphor oil with or without glycerol dilutions gave complete cure, with concentrations (100%, 75% and 50%) within five to ten days.	2003	12739800
pyoderma and scabies: a benign association?		2003	12734437
detection of antibodies in sera of weaned pigs after contact infection with sarcoptes scabiei var. suis and after treatment with an antiparasitic agent by three different indirect elisas.	three commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were compared for the detection of antibodies to sarcoptes scabiei var. suis using experimental sera of six 8-week-old pigs after contact infection with sarcoptes scabiei var. suis. six non-infected pigs were monitored as a control group. blood sera were taken once a week from all animals. after successful infection the pigs were treated with an antiparasitic agent (12 weeks post infection (p.i.)) and the antibody titres were monitored ...	2003	12732467
[scabies].		2003	12722296
cellular response in the dermis of common wombats (vombatus ursinus) infected with sarcoptes scabiei var. wombati.	the cellular response in the dermis of common wombats (vombatus ursinus) with sarcoptic mange exhibited some typical aspects of an immune response to sarcoptes scabiei. there was an induction phase for wombats experimentally infected with s. scabiei represented by absence of a dermal inflammatory infiltrate for at least 12 days after infection. t lymphocytes, plasma cells, mast cells, and neutrophils then entered the dermis, consistent with a type iv (delayed) hypersensitivity response. in free- ...	2003	12685083