| efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against soil-dwelling life stages of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). | the efficacy of six entomopathogenic nematode (epn) strains was tested in a laboratory study against soil-dwelling life stages of western flower thrips (wft), frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae). the epn strain collections screened included two heterorhabditis bacteriophora species, i.e., h. bacteriophora hk3 (h.b h) and h. bacteriophora hb brecan (h.b b), three steinernema feltiae species, i.e., s. feltiae sylt (s.f s), s. feltiae obsiii (s.f o), and s. feltiae strai ... | 2001 | 11812114 |
| dynamics of carbon dioxide release from insects infected with entomopathogenic nematodes. | the quality of an insect as a host to an entomopathogenic nematode infective juvenile depends in part on whether or not the insect is already infected and on the stage of that infection. previous research has shown that nematode response to hosts can change after infection and that, for uninfected hosts, co(2) can be an important cue used by infective stage juveniles during attraction. we hypothesized that co(2) production from an insect changes after it is infected, and that these changes could ... | 2007 | 17054978 |
| greenhouse and field evaluations of entomopathogenic nematodes (nematoda:heterorhabditidae and steinernematidae) for control of cabbage maggot (diptera:anthomyiidae) on cabbage. | entomopathogenic nematodes--heterorhabditis bacteriophora poinar (oswego strain), steinernema carpocapsae (weiser) (ny001 strain), steinernema carpocapsae (25 strain), steinernema feltiae filipjev (= neoaplectana carpocapsae weiser) (369 strain), steinernema feltiae (27 strain), and steinernema riobravus cabanillas and poinar (355 strain)--were examined for pathogenicity against cabbage maggot, delia radicum (l.), larvae in the greenhouse and field. applications (per plant) of 3,000 and 4,000 in ... | 1996 | 8913112 |
| soil mediates the interaction of coexisting entomopathogenic nematodes with an insect host. | we tested for soil substrate effects on the movement and infectivity of naturally co-occurring entomopathogenic nematodes steinernema feltiae and heterorhabditis marelatus, alone and in combination. we manipulated the presence and bulk density of soil and added galleria mellonella baits within capped and perforated 15ml centrifuge tubes. sampling tubes were then deployed in situ into field and laboratory settings as experimental traps for infective juveniles. in comparisons with standard soil co ... | 2007 | 17005194 |
| emergence and dispersal patterns of two isolates of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae. | few studies have addressed the role of the sexes in the emergence and dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes from host insects. individuals of two isolates of steinernema feltiae, uk76 and sbil, emerging from galleria mellonella cadavers were classed as non-dispersed (remaining on the cadaver for up to nine days) and dispersed (actively moving away from the cadaver). sex ratios within both classes were examined in infective (individuals that successfully invaded bait g. mellonella) and entire ( ... | 2006 | 19259450 |
| rflp analysis of pcr amplified its and 26s ribosomal rna genes of selected entomopathogenic nematodes (steinernematidae, heterorhabditidae). | this study examined the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplified internal transcribed spacer (its) and 26s ribosomal dna (rdna) regions of 15 entomopathogenic nematode isolates including steinernema feltiae syn. bibionis, s. glaseri, seven strains of s. carpocapsae, four strains of heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and two field isolates. rdna length variation was not observed among the isolates examined. restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflp) of pcr amplified its and 26s regions provide ... | 1996 | 19277341 |
| laboratory evaluation of isaria fumosorosea ccm 8367 and steinernema feltiae ustinov against immature stages of the colorado potato beetle. | the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata, has developed resistance to most registered pesticides and has become one of the most difficult insect pests to control. development of new biopesticides targeting this pest might solve the resistance problem and contribute to sustainable crop production. laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of isaria fumosorosea (syn. paecilomyces fumosoroseus) strain ccm 8367 against l. decemlineata when applied alone or combined wi ... | 2016 | 27015633 |
| morphological and ecological characterization of steinernema feltiae (rhabditida: steinernematidae) rioja strain isolated from bibio hortulanus (diptera: bibionidae) in spain. | a new strain of steinernema feltiae (rhabditida: steinernematidae) was isolated in la rioja (spain) from larvae of bibio hortulanus (diptera: bibionidae). a comparative morphometric analysis of this new strain and four additional s. feltiae isolates was performed. although significant differences in morphometric measurements were observed, pcr-rflp profiles and sequence analysis of the its region of rdna confirmed the identity of the new strain as a2 rflp type of s. feltiae. a comparative morpho ... | 2006 | 19259432 |
| the role of steinernema feltiae body-surface lipids in host-parasite immunological interactions. | interactions between entomopathogenic nematodes (steinernema feltiae) and insect host (galleria mellonella) immune system were investigated. we focused on the immunosuppressive properties of the parasite cuticle and on its interaction with hemolymph humoral components. effects of parasite cuticle against host propo system enzymatic cascade were evaluated a short time after infection. the presence of parasite cuticles decreased both normal and lps-elicited propo system activity, suggesting that s ... | 2004 | 15287592 |
| the influence of humidity on the effect of steinernema feltiae against diapausing codling moth larvae (cydia pomonella l.) (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | codling moth (cm) is a serious and global pest of pome fruit. it overwinters in cryptic habitats as cocooned diapausing larvae. field trials with the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae (rhabditida: steinernematidae) report control of diapausing cm of up to 70%, but results are variable. the objective of this study was to define environmental conditions favouring the performance of the nematodes. cocooned larvae were more susceptible than non-cocooned larvae. s. feltiae was unable to i ... | 2010 | 21539244 |
| factors affecting entomopathogenic nematodes (steinernematidae) for control of overwintering codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in fruit bins. | fruit bins infested with diapausing codling moth larvae, cydia pomonella (l.), are a potential source of reinfestation of orchards and may jeopardize the success of mating disruption programs and other control strategies. entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) were tested as a potential means of control that could be applied at the time bins are submerged in dump tanks. diapausing cocooned codling moth larvae in miniature fruit bins were highly susceptible to infective juveniles (ijs) of steinernema ... | 2005 | 16539105 |
| ammonia concentration at emergence and its effects on the recovery of different species of entomopathogenic nematodes. | the life cycle of entomopathogenic nematodes (epn) occurs inside an insect cadaver and an accumulation of ammonia initiates as a consequence of the nematodes defecation. this accumulation reduces the food resources quality and creates a detrimental environment for nematodes. when a given ammonia concentration is reached, the nematodes start their emergence process, searching for a new host. in the present work, this parameter, ammonia triggering point (atp) was measured in 7 steinernema species/ ... | 2014 | 24880156 |
| efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes and sprayable polymer gel against crucifer flea beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) on canola. | the crucifer flea beetle, phyllotreta cruciferae (goeze), is a key pest of canola (brassica napus l.) in the northern great plains of north america. the efficacies of entomopathogenic nematodes (steinernema spp. and heterorhabditis spp.), a sprayable polymer gel, and a combination of both were assessed on canola for flea beetle management. plots were treated soon after colonization by adult flea beetles, when canola was in the cotyledon to one-leaf stage. ten plants along a 3.6-m section of row ... | 2016 | 27329629 |
| xenorhabdus bovienii strain diversity impacts coevolution and symbiotic maintenance with steinernema spp. nematode hosts. | microbial symbionts provide benefits that contribute to the ecology and fitness of host plants and animals. therefore, the evolutionary success of plants and animals fundamentally depends on long-term maintenance of beneficial associations. most work investigating coevolution and symbiotic maintenance has focused on species-level associations, and studies are lacking that assess the impact of bacterial strain diversity on symbiotic associations within a coevolutionary framework. here, we demonst ... | 2015 | 26045536 |
| infectivity of steinernema carpocapsae and s. feltiae to larvae and adults of the hazelnut weevil, curculio nucum: differential virulence and entry routes. | we investigated the existing susceptibility differences of the hazelnut weevil, curculio nucum l. (coleoptera:, curculionidae) to entomopathogenic nematodes by assessing the main route of entry of the nematodes, steinernema carpocapsae strain b14 and s. feltiae strain d114, into larvae and adult insects, as well as host immune response. our results suggested that s. carpocapsae b14 and s. feltiae d114 primarily entered adult insects and larvae through the anus. larvae were more susceptible to s. ... | 2014 | 25276002 |
| improving the biocontrol potential of steinernema feltiae against delia radicum through dosage, application technique and timing. | the potential of the entomopathogenic nematode (epn) steinernema feltiae filipjev as a biocontrol agent against the cabbage maggot delia radicum (l.), was assessed in three field tests, focusing on epn dosage, application technique and timing. | 2014 | 23943630 |
| re-assessing the infection strategies of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae (rhabditidae; steinernematidae). | previous studies have indicated that between 60 and 80% of a population of entomopathogenic nematodes do not infect their insect hosts at any one period in time. two hypotheses explain this behaviour: the first that there is a subpopulation of non-infectious nematodes and the second that the non-infectious group is created by inhibitory cues derived from infected insects. through an experimental approach with the galleria mellonella-steinernema feltiae system we show that both mechanisms operate ... | 2000 | 11085241 |
| influence of insect larvae and seedling roots on the host-finding ability of steinernema feltiae (nematoda: steinernematidae). | the ability of nematode foragers to locate appropriate insect hosts is essential to their performance as successful biological control agents. we investigated the host-finding ability and chemotaxis of steinernema feltiae in the presence of cues from galleria mellonella larvae and tomato and radish seedling roots, given individually and in combination, over 120 min. in agar arena tests, infective juveniles of s. feltiae responded positively to unsterilized and sterilized larvae and tomato seedli ... | 2000 | 10772328 |
| effects of two carbamates on infective juveniles of stemernema carpocapsae all strain and steinernema feltiae umeå strain. | laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the effects of two carbamates, carbofuran (an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) and fenoxycarb (a juvenile hormone analog), on survival and infectivity of the infective juveniles (ij) of steinernema feltiae umeå strain and steinernema carpocapsae all strain. both insecticides caused mortality of ij in a dose-related fashion. the two nematode species were equally sensitive to fenoxycarb (ld ca. 0.03mg/ml). whereas ij of s. feltiae were several orders ... | 1996 | 19277148 |
| escape of steinernema feltiae from alginate capsules containing tomato seeds. | the entomogenous nematode steinernema feltiae was encapsulated in an alginate matrix containing a tomato seed. when these capsules were placed on 0.8% agar for 7 days, the seed germinated and ca. 20% of the nematodes escaped from the capsules, whereas only 0.1% escaped from capsules without seeds. when capsules containing nematodes and a seed were planted into sterilized or nonsterilized soil, nematodes escaped to infect galleria mellonella larvae. when seed in capsules containing ca. 274 nemato ... | 1987 | 19290145 |
| steinernema feltiae (dd-136) and s. glaseri: persistence in soil and bark compost and their influence on native nematodes. | infective juveniles (j3) of the entomogenous nematodes steinernema feltiae dd-136 (ca. 10,000 j3/100 ml) and s. glaseri (ca. 2,500 j3/100 ml) were incubated in steam-sterilized and nonsterilized sandy soil and bark compost for 8 weeks at 25 c. the nematodes were recovered by a two-step extraction procedure at 1-week intervals, and their infectivity to lepidopterous larvae (spodoptera litura and galleria mellonella) and their effect on the population and community of native nematodes in soil were ... | 1986 | 19294183 |
| effect of inoculum age and physical parameters on in vitro culture of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae. | entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) of the families steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae have a symbiotic association with bacteria which makes them virulent against insects. epns have been mass produced using in vivo and in vitro methods, including both solid and liquid fermentation. this study assessed the effect of nematode inoculum age on the production of steinernema feltiae in liquid, solid and biphasic processes. several physical parameters were also assessed: the effect of medium viscosi ... | 2016 | 27866481 |
| steinernema xueshanense n. sp. (rhabditida, steinernematidae), a new species of entomopathogenic nematode from the province of yunnan, southeast tibetan mts., china. | during a random epn survey in the northern part of the yunnan province (southeastern tibet, dequen district, town of dequen) in 2005, soil samples containing an unknown epn species were collected. the new species is described herein as steinernema xueshannense n. sp. named after the xue shan mts. a mountain range between yunnan and tibet where the nematode was collected. the isolate is a new species belonging to the steinernema feltiae /kraussei group. s. xueshanense n. sp. is characterized by m ... | 2009 | 19460386 |
| steinernema akhursti sp. n. (nematoda: steinernematidae) from yunnan, china. | a new species of entomopathogenic nematode, herein described as steinernema akhursti sp. n., was recovered from soil samples collected from yunnan province, the people's republic of china. both morphological and molecular data show congruently that s. akhursti sp. n. belongs to the steinernema feltiae group. it can be separated from all described steinernema species by the combined morphological and morphometrical characters of various stages of the nematodes. for the first generation male, the ... | 2005 | 16289544 |
| virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes to the western masked chafer cyclocephala hirta (coleoptera: scarabaeidae). | predictability is a key challenge in biological control of white grubs with entomopathogenic nematodes. most field test failures have been attributed to the use of inappropriate nematode strains. we evaluated several species and strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (heterorhabditidae and steinernematidae) against chafer cyclocephala hirta in a soil and pot bioassay at 25 degrees c. the nj65 strain of steinernema glaseri, isolated from new jersey, outperformed all other steinernematid and hetero ... | 1998 | 9589628 |
| acclimation of entomopathogenic nematodes to novel temperatures: trehalose accumulation and the acquisition of thermotolerance. | the effect of thermal acclimation on trehalose accumulation and the acquisition of thermotolerance was studied in three species of entomopathogenic nematodes adapted to either cold or warm temperatures. all three steinernema species accumulated trehalose when acclimated at either 5 or 35 degrees c, but the amount of trehalose accumulation differed by species and temperature. the trehalose content of the cold adapted steinernema feltiae increased by 350 and 182%, of intermediate steinernema carpo ... | 2003 | 12633652 |
| immune suppression of galleria mellonella (insecta, lepidoptera) humoral defenses induced by steinernema feltiae (nematoda, rhabditida): involvement of the parasite cuticle. | immune depression of galleria mellonella larvae was evaluated a short time after infection with the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema feltiae. in the host the activity of the enzymatic cascade known as the propo system was significantly reduced by the presence of either live or dead parasites. the presence of parasites decreased the lps-elicited propo system activity. in addition, this process seems to be related to a decrease in the activity of hemolymph proteases, more than to phenoloxidas ... | 2007 | 12427469 |