Publications

is lactobacillus rhamnosus gg effective in preventing the onset of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea: a systematic review.	to evaluate the efficacy of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.	2005	16113542
evaluation of diet and growth in children with and without atopic eczema: follow-up study from birth to 4 years.	current research into dietary factors contributing to the development of allergic diseases is directed towards new active approaches instead of passive elimination diets. the present study aimed to investigate the explanatory role of the diet in a probiotic intervention study on the appearance of atopic eczema (ae) in childhood and the safety of perinatal supplementation with probiotics (lactobacillus rhamnosus strain gg; atcc 53 103). a prospective follow-up study from birth to 48 months of chi ...	2005	16197582
ph-, lactic acid-, and non-lactic acid-dependent activities of probiotic lactobacilli against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.	the mechanism(s) underlying the antibacterial activity of probiotic lactobacillus strains appears to be multifactorial and includes lowering of the ph and the production of lactic acid and of antibacterial compounds, including bacteriocins and nonbacteriocin, non-lactic acid molecules. addition of dulbecco's modified eagle's minimum essential medium to the incubating medium delays the killing activity of lactic acid. we found that the probiotic strains lactobacillus johnsonii la1, lactobacillus ...	2005	16204515
effects of specific lactic acid bacteria on the intestinal permeability to macromolecules and the inflammatory condition.	non-live probiotic bacteria and their fermentation products can be used in milk-based formula intended for healthy infants. the effects of a milk formula fermented with bifidobacterium breve and streptococcus thermophilus and heated/dehydrated to inactivate the micro-organisms have been reported over the last few years to decrease the intestinal permeability to macromolecules in experimental animals in vivo and more recently to down-regulate inflammatory condition in vitro. feeding guinea-pigs w ...	2005	16214764
[the effect of galla chinensis on the growth of cariogenic bacteria in vitro].	the purples of this study was to investigate the role of different components of galla chinensis extract on the growth of 6 kinds of cariogenic bacteria, and to find out the most effective components of galla chinensis extract.	2005	15804032
adherence and colonization properties of lactobacillus rhamnosus tb1, a broiler chicken isolate.	selected lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from intestinal tract of chicken have been studied in order to investigate their ability to adhere in vitro to basement membrane matrigel (bmm). a selected strain showing a good adherence in bmm test was used for in vivo colonization assays.	2005	15836745
effect of probiotics and breastfeeding on the bifidobacterium and lactobacillus/enterococcus microbiota and humoral immune responses.	to assess impact of probiotics and breastfeeding on gut microecology.	2005	16126047
mode of action of lactocin 160, a bacteriocin from vaginal lactobacillus rhamnosus.	to determine the mechanism of antimicrobial action of lactocin 160, a bacteriocin produced by the healthy vaginal strain of lactobacillus rhamnosus, using an established model, with micrococcus luteus atcc 10420 as a test organism.	2005	16126497
amelioration of the effects of citrobacter rodentium infection in mice by pretreatment with probiotics.	citrobacter rodentium is a naturally occurring murine pathogen that causes colonic epithelial-cell hyperplasia, disrupts the colonic mucosa, and elicits a predominantly t helper 1 cellular immune response; it thereby serves as a model for the study of mechanisms of disease induced by human attaching-effacing pathogens. we sought to determine whether pretreatment of mice with a mixture of lactobacillus rhamnosus and l. acidophilus probiotics would attenuate c. rodentium-induced colonic disease in ...	2005	15897997
biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria in moroccan soft white cheese (jben).	the bacterial diversity occurring in traditional moroccan soft white cheese, produced in eight different regions in morocco, was studied. a total of 164 lactic acid bacteria were isolated, purified and identified by whole-cell protein fingerprinting and rep-pcr genomic fingerprinting. the majority of the strains belonged to the genera lactobacillus, lactococcus, leuconostoc and enterococcus. sixteen species were identified: lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, lactobacillus paracase ...	2005	16168579
antibiotic susceptibility of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium species from the human gastrointestinal tract.	one hundred and twenty-two strains of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus species have been tested against 12 antibiotics and two antibiotic mixtures by a commercial system (sensititre anaero3; treck diagnostic systems). the upper limits of some minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were completed on mrs agar plates by the nccls procedure. all strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol and imipenem and most of the strains were resistant to metronidazole. bifidobacteria isolates were susceptible ...	2005	15902467
fractionation of cell mixtures using acoustic and laminar flow fields.	a fractionation method applicable to different populations of cells in a suspension is reported. the separation was accomplished by subjecting the suspension to a resonant ultrasonic field and a laminar flow field propagating in orthogonal directions within a thin, rectangular chamber. steady, laminar flow transports the cell suspension along the chamber, while the ultrasonic field causes the suspended cells to migrate to the mid-plane of the chamber at rates related to their size and physical p ...	2005	15593262
optimization of medium composition for the production of a probiotic microorganism, lactobacillus rhamnosus, using response surface methodology.	this study was undertaken to optimize yeast extract, glucose, and vitamin concentrations; and also culture ph for maximizing the growth of a probiotic bacterium, lactobacillus rhamnosus, and to assess the effects of these factors by using response surface methodology. a central composite design was used as an experimental design for the allocation of treatment combinations. a polynomial regression model with cubic and quartic terms was used for analysis of the experimental data. it was found tha ...	2005	15992613
cellular injuries upon exposure of escherichia coli and lactobacillus rhamnosus to high-intensity ultrasound.	to examine cellular injuries occurring in cells of escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria) and lactobacillus rhamnosus (gram-positive bacteria) in response to a high-intensity ultrasound treatment using classical plate count technique and flow cytometry.	2005	16033457
complexity of vaginal microflora as analyzed by pcr denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in a patient with recurrent bacterial vaginosis.	gardnerella vaginalis has long been the most common pathogen associated with bacterial vaginosis (bv). we aimed to test our hypothesis that symptoms and signs of bv do not necessarily indicate colonization by this organism, and often will not respond to standard metronidazole or clindamycin treatment.	2005	16040324
immunostimulatory probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus hn001 and bifidobacterium lactis hn019 do not induce pathological inflammation in mouse model of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis.	the possibility that intestinal microflora contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has raised issues regarding the safety of probiotic organisms, especially those with immunostimulating properties, in individuals with such immune dysfunctions. in this study, the effect of consumption of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains lactobacillus rhamnosus hn001(hn001) and bifidobacterium lactis hn019 (hn019) on the induction and progression of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (ea ...	2005	16084270
different cytokine response of primary colonic epithelial cells to commensal bacteria.	to determine if primary murine colonic epithelial cells (cec) respond to commensal bacteria and discriminate between different types of bacteria.	2005	15948242
[inhibitor effect of vaginal lactobacilli on group b streptococci].	neonatal group b streptococcal (gbs) infections are one of the important health problems because of their high mortality and morbidity rates in certain countries. there are some preventive approaches, including perinatal antibiotic therapy against these infections. recently, vaccination with conjugated gbs polysaccharides has also been practised. in this study, the in vitro inhibitory effects of 51 lactobacilli (of them 50 were purified from vaginal swabs, 1 from a commercial vaginal tablet) on ...	2005	15900833
probiotic supplementation improves tolerance to helicobacter pylori eradication therapy--a placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized pilot study.	h. pylori is the major cause of chronic gastritis, and a risk factor for peptic ulcer and gastric cancer.	2005	15882248
rapid identification of dairy lactic acid bacteria by m13-generated, rapd-pcr fingerprint databases.	about a thousand lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from dairy products, especially cheeses, were identified and typed by species-specific pcr and rapd-pcr, respectively. rapd-pcr profiles, which were obtained by using the m13 sequence as a primer, allowed us to implement a large database of different fingerprints, which were analysed by bionumerics software. cluster analysis of the combined rapd-pcr fingerprinting profiles enabled us to implement a library, which is a collection of library uni ...	2005	15893395
a dynamic model that simulates the human upper gastrointestinal tract for the study of probiotics.	a dynamic model of the human upper gastrointestinal (gi) tract was designed to better simulate conditions of ingestion and digestion, by including a food matrix as part of the model design. the dynamic model consisted of two reactors maintained at 37 degrees c, one simulating stomach conditions and the other simulating duodenum conditions. the model was tested by comparing survival of bacteria isolated from humans (bifidobacterium infantis, lactobacillus johnsonii, lactobacillus rhamnosus, and l ...	2005	15808363
characterization of a mobile clpl gene from lactobacillus rhamnosus.	two genes encoding clpl atpase proteins were identified in a probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus strain, e-97800. sequence analyses revealed that the genes, designated clpl1 and clpl2, share 80% identity. the clpl2 gene showed the highest degree of identity (98.5%) to a clpl gene from lactobacillus plantarum wcfsi, while it was not detected in three other l. rhamnosus strains studied. according to northern analyses, the expression of clpl1 and the clpl2 were induced during heat shock by > 20- and ...	2005	15812039
tylosin-responsive chronic diarrhea in dogs.	fourteen dogs had shown chronic or intermittent diarrhea for more than 1 year. diarrhea had been successfully treated with tylosin for at least 6 months but recurred when treatment was withdrawn on at least 2 occasions. tylosin-responsive diarrhea (trd) affects typically middle-aged, large-breed dogs and clinical signs indicate that trd affects both the small and large intestine. treatment with tylosin eliminated diarrhea in all dogs within 3 days and in most dogs within 24 hours. tylosin admini ...	2005	15822561
application of a microplate scale fluorochrome staining assay for the assessment of viability of probiotic preparations.	cell viability in probiotic preparations is traditionally assessed by the plate count technique. additionally, fluorescent staining combined with epifluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry has been developed for the viability assessment, but the currently available assays are either laborious or require highly sophisticated equipment. the aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of a microplate scale fluorochrome assay for predicting the cell state of freeze-dried lactobacillus r ...	2005	15823392
lactobacillus rhamnosus gg bacteremia associated with probiotic use in a child with short gut syndrome.	probiotic agents are increasingly used for the treatment and prevention of a variety of infectious and inflammatory conditions. they are generally safe, but complications of probiotic use can occur. in this report, we describe bacteremia after ingestion of a lactobacillus rhamnosus gg probiotic tablet in a child with short gut syndrome. we used sequencing of the ribosomal operon region and strain typing with pulsed field electrophoresis of the isolates to show identity between the tablet and blo ...	2005	15750472
use of antisense rna to modulate glycosyltransferase gene expression and exopolysaccharide molecular mass in lactobacillus rhamnosus.	discovery of gene function requires inactivation in order to demonstrate the effect of the absence of gene expression on cell phenotype. as gene inactivation can be lethal, such mutations are often unattainable. antisense rna provides a method of reducing transcript and protein levels without totally inactivating the targeted gene, thus providing information on the gene's possible function. this study demonstrates the use of antisense rna to modulate polysaccharide size in lactobacillus rhamnosu ...	2006	16112763
is the effect of probiotics on atopic dermatitis confined to food sensitized children?	probiotics have previously been shown to reduce the severity of atopic dermatitis (ad) in infants and children.	2006	16650048
strong antimicrobial activity of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg against salmonella typhimurium is due to accumulation of lactic acid.	spent culture supernatant (scs) of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg had been reported to exert antibacterial activity against salmonella typhimurium. however, the chemical identity of the antimicrobial compound(s) responsible remained unknown. a survey of the antimicrobial compounds produced by l. rhamnosus gg was performed. lactobacillus rhamnosus gg produced a low-molecular weight, heat-stable, non-proteinaceous bactericidal substance, active at acidic ph against a wide range of bacter ...	2006	16684107
use of polymerase chain reaction techniques and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for differentiation of oral lactobacillus species.	the genus lactobacillus has been associated with dental caries in humans, although it is seldom speciated due to lack of simple and nonlaborious identification methods. a considerable heterogeneity among lactobacillus species has been demonstrated. the purpose of this study was to develop simple methods combining restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified 16s rrna (16s rrna gene pcr-rflp) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electropho ...	2006	16476016
colonization of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg in the oral cavity.	lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) is one of the most widely studied probiotic bacterial strain. the benefits of lgg treatment in gastrointestinal disorders are well documented. the aim of the present study was to investigate whether lgg can be detected in the oral cavity after discontinuation of administration of a product prepared with this bacterium.	2006	16476023
sequence, organization, transcription and regulation of lactose and galactose operons in lactobacillus rhamnosus tcell-1.	understanding the metabolism of lactose and galactose and their regulation in lactobacillus rhamnosus.	2006	16478484
new convenient defined media for [(35)s]methionine labelling and proteomic analyses of probiotic lactobacilli.	to develop experimental conditions for efficient protein radiolabelling and two-dimensional (2d) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for investigation of stress proteomes of probiotic lactobacillus spp.	2006	16478505
lactobacillus bacteremia, species identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility of 85 blood isolates.	data regarding antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical lactobacillus isolates are scarce, and appropriate interpretation criteria for susceptibility tests are not available.	2006	16447101
growth during the first 6 months of life in infants using formula enriched with lactobacillus rhamnosus gg: double-blind, randomized trial.	probiotic bacteria have beneficial effects on the immune system and gastrointestinal tract, but the impacts of their long-term consumption on health and growth in early infancy are not well documented. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg)-enriched formula on growth and faecal microflora during the first 6 months of life in normal healthy infants.	2006	16448475
probiotics to prevent urinary tract infections: the rationale and evidence.	for over 30 years, urologists have recognized in females, that urinary pathogens almost always infect the host through ascension from the rectum, vagina to the urethra and bladder. likewise, the lactobacillus organisms that predominate in the vagina of healthy women, spread from the rectum and perineum and form a barrier in the vagina to bladder entry by uropathogens. the concept of artificially boosting the lactobacilli numbers through probiotic instillation has long been conceived, but only in ...	2006	16389539
treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea in infants and children with a mixture of three lactobacillus rhamnosus strains--a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.	multiple studies document that probiotics are effective in treating infectious diarrhoea in children. lactobacillus rhamnosus gg is the most extensively studied but effectiveness of other strains has been poorly examined.	2006	16393304
effects of yeasts and bacteria on the levels of folates in rye sourdoughs.	fermentation of rye dough is often accompanied with an increase in folate content. in this study, three sourdough yeasts, candida milleri cbs 8195, saccharomyces cerevisiae ts 146, and torulaspora delbrueckii ts 207; a control, baker's yeast s. cerevisiae alko 743; and four lactobacillus spp., l. acidophilus tsb 262, l. brevis tsb 307, l. plantarum tsb 304, and l. sanfranciscensis tsb 299 originally isolated from rye sourdough were examined for their abilities to produce or consume folates. the ...	2006	16213050
lactic acid fermentation in cell-recycle membrane bioreactor.	traditional lactic acid fermentation suffers from low productivity and low product purity. cell-recycle fermentation has become one of the methods to obtain high cell density, which results in higher productivity. lactic acid fermentation was investigated in a cell-recycle membrane bioreactor at higher substrate concentrations of 100 and 120 g/dm3. a maximum cell density of 145 g/dm3 and a maximum productivity of 34 g/(dm3.h) were achieved in cell-recycle fermentation. in spite of complete consu ...	2006	16484726
probiotic bacteria bifidobacterium animalis mb5 and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg protect intestinal caco-2 cells from the inflammation-associated response induced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli k88.	probiotic bacteria may provide protection against intestinal damage induced by pathogens, but the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. we investigated whether bifidobacterium animalis mb5 and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) protected intestinal caco-2 cells from the inflammation-associated response induced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) k88, by inhibiting pathogen attachment to the cells, which is the first step of etec pathogenicity, and regulating neutrophil recruitmen ...	2006	16768842
racemization of l-lactic acid in ph-swing open fermentation of kitchen refuse by selective proliferation of lactobacillus plantarum.	we have shown that stable lactic acid fermentation of model kitchen refuse occurs with intermittent ph adjustment under nonsterilized conditions. nonetheless, the optical activity of the accumulated lactic acid was low, which is disadvantageous for the production of high-quality poly-l-lactic acid. here, we attempt to increase optical purity by introducing l-lactic acid-producing strains under nonsterilized conditions and demonstrate that the inoculation of lactobacillus rhamnosus or lactococcus ...	2006	17046538
prebiotics and synbiotics: two promising approaches for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children above 2 years.	appropriate use of prebiotics and optimal combinations of probiotics and prebiotics (synbiotics) could allow significantly better results to be obtained in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (ad).	2006	16512804
'the regression fallacy' in randomized studies in patients with allergic disease.		2006	16918521
oral adhesion and survival of probiotic and other lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in vitro.	most probiotic products are consumed orally and hence it is feasible that the bacteria in these products may also attach to oral surfaces; however, the effects of these bacteria on the oral ecosystem are mostly unknown. our aim was to evaluate the oral colonization potential of different probiotic, dairy, and fecal lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains in vitro.	2006	16922933
probiotics may be unsafe in infants allergic to cow's milk.		2006	16512815
intestinal colonisation, microbiota and future probiotics?	the human intestine is colonized by a large number of microorganisms, collectively termed microbiota, which support a variety of physiological functions. as the major part of the microbiota has not yet been cultured, molecular methods are required to determine microbial composition and the impact of specific dietary components including probiotics. probiotics are viable microbial food supplements, which have a beneficial impact on human health. health-promoting properties have been demonstrated ...	2006	17077076
effect of maternal consumption of lactobacillus gg on transfer and establishment of fecal bifidobacterial microbiota in neonates.	establishment of the gut microbiota at birth provides a substantial source of microbial stimuli for the maturation of the immune system. deviations in this process precede the development of specific diseases providing the rationale for the use of probiotics to counteract them.	2006	16456409
no effects of probiotics on atopic dermatitis in infancy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.	studies have been performed suggesting that administration of probiotics may have therapeutic and/or preventive benefits in the development of sensitization and atopic disease, particularly in infants with atopic dermatitis (ad).	2006	16839405
the results of a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus.		2006	17105543
prospective, randomized controlled trial on lactobacillus rhamnosus in infants with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.	a reduction of symptoms of atopic dermatitis (ad) in small infants by the administration of lactobacillus rhamnosus has been reported in a few studies. one study with older children and adolescents failed to show any effect.	2006	17107398
probiotic bacteria as potential detoxification tools: assessing their heavy metal binding isotherms.	dietary exposure to heavy metals may have detrimental effects on human and animal health, even at low concentrations. specific probiotic bacteria may have properties that enable them to bind toxins from food and water. we assessed the interaction of probiotic bacteria with cadmium and lead in vitro as an initial screening step to identify strains for heavy metal decontamination in food and intestinal models. binding isotherms for cadmium and lead were characterized for lactobacillus rhamnosus lc ...	2006	17110980
fibres as carriers for lactobacillus rhamnosus during freeze-drying and storage in apple juice and chocolate-coated breakfast cereals.	the capability of different fibre preparations to protect the viability and stability of lactobacillus rhamnosus during freeze-drying, storage in freeze-dried form and after formulation into apple juice and chocolate-coated breakfast cereals was studied. in freeze-drying trials wheat dextrin and polydextrose proved to be promising carriers for the l. rhamnosus strains: both freeze-drying survival and storage stability at 37 degrees c were comparable to the control carrier (sucrose). using apple ...	2006	16844253
effect of germination and thermal treatments on folates in rye.	effects of germination conditions and thermal processes on folate contents of rye were investigated. total folate contents were determined microbiologically with lactobacillus rhamnosus (atcc 7469) as the growth indicator organism, and individual folates were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after affinity chromatographic purification. germination increased the folate content by 1.7-3.8-fold, depending on germination temperature, with a maximum content of 250 micro g/100 g dr ...	2006	17147441
comparative effects of exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria and fructo-oligosaccharides on infant gut microbiota tested in an in vitro colonic model with immobilized cells.	the aim of this study was to compare the effects of purified exopolysaccharides from lactobacillus rhamnosus rw-9595m with those of a well-known prebiotic (short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides) on infant colonic microbiota using a new three-stage chemostat model with immobilized infant faecal microbiota. two continuous cultures with different faecal inocula were tested with different compositions of carbohydrate media. during the first fermentation (f1), fructo-oligosaccharides tested at a concen ...	2006	16867141
discrimination of dairy industry isolates of the lactobacillus casei group.	lactobacilli are a major part of the microflora of the gut and of many fermented dairy products, and are found in a variety of environments. lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus paracasei, lactobacillus rhamnosus, and lactobacillus zeae form a closely related taxonomic group within the facultatively heterofermentative lactobacilli. the classification and nomenclature of these bacteria are controversial. in this study, relationships between these species were investigated using type strains and dai ...	2006	16899667
intraspecific genotypic characterization of lactobacillus rhamnosus strains intended for probiotic use and isolates of human origin.	a set of 118 strains of the species lactobacillus rhamnosus was collected, including probiotic strains, research strains with potential probiotic properties, food starter cultures, and human isolates. the majority of the strains were collected from companies, hospitals, or culture collections or were obtained after contacting authors who reported clinical case studies in the literature. the present work aimed to reveal the genotypic relationships between strains of these diverse sources. all str ...	2006	16885289
short communication: effect of exopolysaccharide isolated from "viili" on the adhesion of probiotics and pathogens to intestinal mucus.	the strong ropy character of the scandinavian fermented milk viili is conferred by the exopolysaccharides (eps) produced by lactococcal strains. these biopolymers can be responsible for some health benefits. we have assessed the influence of the eps fraction isolated from commercial viili on the adhesion of some probiotics and pathogens to human intestinal mucus. concentrations of viili eps greater than 0.1 mg/ml promoted a decrease in adherence of bifidobacterium lactis bb12 and lactobacillus r ...	2006	16772550
characterization of a new virulent phage (mlc-a) of lactobacillus paracasei.	a new virulent bacteriophage (mlc-a) was recently isolated in argentina from a probiotic dairy product containing a strain of lactobacillus paracasei. observation of the lysate with an electron microscope revealed bacteriophage particles with an icosahedral capsid of 57 +/- 2 nm; with a collar and a noncontractile tail of 156 +/- 3 nm terminating with a baseplate to which a tail fiber was attached. therefore, phage mlc-a belongs to the siphoviridae family. this phage was able to survive the past ...	2006	16772557
human originated bacteria, lactobacillus rhamnosus pl60, produce conjugated linoleic acid and show anti-obesity effects in diet-induced obese mice.	many previous studies have reported that conjugated linoleic acid could be produced by starter culture bacteria, but the effects of the bacteria were not investigated. moreover, there was no evidence of the conjugated linoleic acid-producing bacteria having potential health or nutritional effects related to conjugated linoleic acid, including reducing body fat. here, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus pl60, a human originated bacterium that produces t10, c12-conju ...	2006	16807088
flow cytometric testing of green fluorescent protein-tagged lactobacillus rhamnosus gg for response to defensins.	lactobacillus rhamnosus gg is of general interest as a probiotic. although l. rhamnosus gg is often used in clinical trials, there are few genetic tools to further determine its mode of action or to develop it as a vehicle for heterologous gene expression in therapy. therefore, we developed a reproducible, efficient electroporation procedure for l. rhamnosus gg. the best transformation efficiency obtained was 10(4) transformants per microg of dna. we validated this protocol by tagging l. rhamnos ...	2006	16820489
probiotics for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: a review of the evidence from microbiological and clinical studies.	recurrent urinary tract infections (utis) afflict a great number of women around the world. the use of probiotics, especially lactobacilli, has been considered for the prevention of utis. since lactobacilli dominate the urogenital flora of healthy premenopausal women, it has been suggested that restoration of the urogenital flora, which is dominated by uropathogens, with lactobacilli may protect against utis. this review is based on a search of pubmed for relevant articles. many in vitro studies ...	2006	16827601
colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract by probiotic l. rhamnosus strains in acute diarrhoea in children.	lactobacillus rhamnosus (573l/1-3) strains are considered effective in the treatment of rotaviral diarrhoea in children. the colonisation of the gastrointestinal (g.i.) tract by the lactobacillus rhamnosus strains and the determining factors are discussed reporting data of a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized study in children between the 2nd month and 6th year of life with acute diarrhoea lasting not longer than 5 days. the examined strains were detected in 37/46 (80.43% ...	2006	17259090
probiotic properties of vaginal lactic acid bacteria to prevent metritis in cattle.	the isolation of bovine vaginal lactic acid bacteria (lab) and the screening of their beneficial properties to select those that could be used as probiotics in the prevention of bovine metritis were performed.	2006	16834727
absence of efficacy of nonviable lactobacillus acidophilus for the prevention of traveler's diarrhea: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study.	diarrhea is the most common illness associated with international tourism. we evaluated the efficacy of a probiotic preparation of nonviable lactobacillus acidophilus (hereafter referred to as la) for the prevention of traveler's diarrhea.	2006	17029137
efficacy of helicobacter pylori eradication taking into account its resistance to antibiotics.	the discovery of helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) provided a possibility to cure effectively patients with peptic ulcers. recent studies have shown varying susceptibility of h. pylori strains to antibiotics and increasing resistance to some of the recommended drugs. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the currently recommended eradication schemes and to assess the increasing resistance of h. pylori strains to recommended antibiotics. furthermore, the effect of probiot ...	2006	17033111
clinical study comparing probiotic lactobacillus gr-1 and rc-14 with metronidazole vaginal gel to treat symptomatic bacterial vaginosis.	bacterial vaginosis (bv) is particularly common in black women, and in nigeria it is often caused by mycoplasma, as well as atopobium, prevotella and gardnerella sp. antimicrobial metronidazole oral therapy is poorly effective in eradicating the condition and restoring the lactobacillus microbiota in the vagina. in this study, 40 women diagnosed with bv by discharge, fishy odor, sialidase positive test and nugent gram stain scoring, were randomized to receive either two dried capsules containing ...	2006	17045832
effect of probiotics on vaccine antibody responses in infancy--a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial.	probiotics are immunomodulatory and may thus affect vaccine antibody responses. with the accumulating evidence of their health-promoting effects, probiotics are increasingly administered in allergy-prone infants. therefore, we studied the effect of probiotics on antibody responses to diphtheria, tetanus and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccines in 6-month-old infants participating in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind allergy-prevention trial. mothers of unborn children at incre ...	2006	16925686
in vitro studies of the digestion of caprine whey proteins by human gastric and duodenal juice and the effects on selected microorganisms.	the in vitro digestion of caprine whey proteins was investigated by a two-step degradation assay, using human gastric juice (hgj) at ph 2.5 and human duodenal juice (hdj) at ph 7.5. different protein and peptide profiles were observed after the first (hgj) and second (hdj) enzymatic degradation. the minor whey proteins serum albumin, lactoferrin and ig were rapidly degraded by hgj, while alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-la) and beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg) were more resistant and survived both 30 and 45 ...	2006	16925863
generation of no by probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.	probiotic bacteria elicit a number of beneficial effects in the gut but the mechanisms for these health promoting effects are not entirely understood. recent in vitro data suggest that lactobacilli can utilise nitrate and nitrite to generate nitric oxide, a gas with immunomodulating and antibacterial properties. here we further characterised intestinal no generation by bacteria. in rats, dietary supplementation with lactobacilli and nitrate resulted in a 3-8 fold no increase in the small intesti ...	2006	16934682
oral cavity as natural reservoir for intestinal lactobacilli.	ecological studies indicate that most lactobacillus species found in the human gastrointestinal tract are likely to be transient (allochthonous), originating from either the oral cavity or food. in order to investigate if oral lactobacilli constitute a part of the faecal lactobacillus biota, the lactobacillus biota of saliva and faeces of three human subjects were investigated and compared at two time-points in a 3-months interval. bacteriological culture, performed by incubation under standard ...	2006	16423658
protective effects and mechanisms of a probiotic bacterium lactobacillus rhamnosus against experimental edwardsiella tarda infection in tilapia (oreochromis niloticus).	in recent years, probiotics, especially lactic acid bacteria, have been used as dietary supplements to protect fish from various infections. here, we examined the protective effects of lactobacillus rhamnosus against experimental edwardsiella tarda infection in tilapia (oreochromis niloticus). cumulative mortality was significantly lower in probiotic-supplemented fish than in control fish. in a histopathological survey, pyogranulomatous responses were observed at an earlier stage and to a greate ...	2006	16870266
probiotic intervention in the first months of life: short-term effects on gastrointestinal symptoms and long-term effects on gut microbiota.	to determine whether probiotics administered for 6 months postnatally affect gastrointestinal symptoms, crying and the compositional development of the gut microbiota through infancy.	2006	16877985
viability of commercial probiotic cultures (l. acidophilus, bifidobacterium sp., l. casei, l. paracasei and l. rhamnosus) in cheddar cheese.	six batches of cheddar cheese were manufactured containing different combinations of commercially available probiotic cultures from three suppliers. duplicate cheeses contained the organisms of each supplier, a bifidobacterium spp. (each supplier), a lactobacillus acidophilus (2 suppliers), and either lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus paracasei, or lactobacillus rhamnosus. using selective media, the different strains were assessed for viability during cheddar cheese maturation over 32 weeks. th ...	2006	16478637
g-csf-mediated inhibition of jnk is a key mechanism for lactobacillus rhamnosus-induced suppression of tnf production in macrophages.	lactobacillus rhamnosus is a human commensal with known immunomodulatory properties. to date the mechanism of these immunomodulatory effects is not well understood. to unravel the immunomodulatory signalling mechanism, we investigated the effects of two strains of l. rhamnosus, l. rhamnosus gg and gr-1, in modulating production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf) in human monocytic cell line thp-1 and mouse macrophages. live l. rhamnosus gg and gr-1 or their spent culture supernatant induced m ...	2006	16889627
probiotics and their potential health claims.	many studies have attempted to identify specific positive health effects of probiotics. one of the challenges in generalizing health effects of probiotics is that different strains exert disparate effects on human health. as a result, the efficacy of one strain or species cannot necessarily be inferred from another. the objective of this review is to examine the current scientific literature that could be used as the basis for potential health claims. more specifically, this paper will review ex ...	2006	16808112
acid-hydrolysis of fish wastes for lactic acid fermentation.	in this study, two acid-hydrolysis processes, process a and process b, were proposed to produce low-cost nutrients for the production of lactic acid. process a was a direct way to hydrolyze protein with diluted acid while process b was process a plus fish wastes pretreatment (an extraction by water). the two methods could both treat fish wastes to be suitable nutrient sources for promoting lactic acid production. as the pretreatment indicated some favorable effect on fish waste hydrolyzate (fwh) ...	2006	16293413
probiotics for prevention of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a review.	vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) is a common infection affecting the quality of life of many women. probiotics have been investigated as possible agents for the prevention of recurrences of vvc. we reviewed the available literature. in some studies the development of vvc was associated with either a low number of lactobacilli in the vagina or with the presence of h2o2-non-producing vaginal lactobacilli, although there are a few studies not supporting these statements. in addition, in vitro studies ...	2006	16790461
[a study of non-antibiotic versus antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary-tract infections in women (the napruti study)].	patient enrolment in the 'non-antibiotic versus antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary-tract infections' (napruti) study was started in september 2005. in this study of women with recurrent urinary-tract infections we aim to investigate the effect of 12 months of non-antibiotic prophylaxis in comparison with antibiotic prophylaxis on the rate of recurrence of urinary-tract infections and the development of antibiotic resistance. the study consists of two interlinked, randomised, clinical n ...	2006	16566424
quantitative real-time pcr analysis of fecal lactobacillus species in infants receiving a prebiotic infant formula.	the developing intestinal microbiota of breast-fed infants is considered to play an important role in the priming of the infants' mucosal and systemic immunity. generally, bifidobacterium and lactobacillus predominate the microbiota of breast-fed infants. in intervention trials it has been shown that lactobacilli can exert beneficial effects on, for example, diarrhea and atopy. however, the lactobacillus species distribution in breast-fed or formula-fed infants has not yet been determined in gre ...	2006	16597930
probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and clostridium difficile diarrhea.	antibiotic-associated diarrhea is a common clinical problem occurring in up to 25% of patients, with diarrhea owing to clostridium difficile accounting for up to a quarter of cases. the clinical and economic costs of antibiotic-associated diarrhea are significant and better treatments are needed. probiotics may offer potential effective therapy for antibiotic-associated diarrhea by restoring intestinal microbial balance. a number of different probiotics have been evaluated in the prevention and ...	2006	16633131
improved production of live cells of lactobacillus rhamnosus by continuous cultivation using glucose-yeast extract medium.	in this study, the growth kinetics of lactobacillus rhamnosus and lactic acid production in continuous culture were assessed at a range of dilution rates (0.05 h(-1) to 0.40 h(-1)) using a 2 l stirred tank fermenter with a working volume of 600 ml. unstructured models, predicated on the monod and luedeking-piret equations, were employed to simulate the growth of the bacterium, glucose consumption, and lactic acid production at different dilution rates in continuous cultures. the maximum specific ...	2006	16953180
meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea and the treatment of clostridium difficile disease.	antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) is a common complication of most antibiotics and clostridium difficile disease (cdd), which also is incited by antibiotics, is a leading cause of nosocomial outbreaks of diarrhea and colitis. the use of probiotics for these two related diseases remains controversial.	2006	16635227
lactobacillus rhamnosus strain gg modulates intestinal absorption, fecal excretion, and toxicity of aflatoxin b(1) in rats.	in this study, the modulation of aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1)) uptake in rats by administration of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg was demonstrated. fecal afb(1) excretion in gg-treated rats was increased via bacterial afb(1) binding. furthermore, afb(1)-associated growth faltering and liver injury were alleviated with gg treatment.	2006	16980432
probiotic supplementation reduces a biomarker for increased risk of liver cancer in young men from southern china.	in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that selected strains of probiotic bacteria can form tight complexes with aflatoxin b(1) and other carcinogens.	2006	16685066
bioproduction of conjugated linoleic acid by probiotic bacteria occurs in vitro and in vivo in mice.	probiotics have been shown to reduce the incidence of colon cancer in animal models. the mechanisms responsible for this activity are poorly defined. conjugated linoleic acids (cla) are a group of isomers of linoleic acid (la) possessing anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties, which can be produced from la by certain bacterial strains. in this study, the ability of probiotic bacteria to exert anticarcinogenic effects through the production of cla was assessed. incubation of probiotic ...	2006	16702308
efficacy of probiotics in prevention of acute diarrhoea: a meta-analysis of masked, randomised, placebo-controlled trials.	to evaluate the evidence for the use of probiotics in the prevention of acute diarrhoea, we did a meta-analysis of the available data from 34 masked, randomised, placebo-controlled trials. only one trial was community based and carried out in a developing country. most of the remaining 33 studies were carried out in a developed country in a health-care setting. evaluating the evidence by types of acute diarrhoea suggests that probiotics significantly reduced antibiotic-associated diarrhoea by 52 ...	2006	16728323
lactobacillus gg does not affect d-lactic acidosis in diarrheic calves, in a clinical setting.	d-lactate, produced by gastrointestinal fermentation, is a major contributor to metabolic acidosis in diarrheic calves. lactobacillus rhamnosus gg survives gastrointestinal transit in the neonatal calf and does not produce d-lactate. to determine whether this probiotic reduces gastrointestinal d-lactate production or severity of diarrhea or both, 48 calves (mean, 11 days old; range, 2-30 days) admitted to the clinic for treatment of diarrhea were randomly allocated to 2 groups. the experimental ...	2006	16734098
oral supplementation with lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus prevents enteric colonization by candida species in preterm neonates: a randomized study.	colonization by candida species is the most important predictor of the development of invasive fungal disease in preterm neonates, and the enteric reservoir is a major site of colonization. we evaluated the effectiveness of an orally supplemented probiotic (lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus; dicoflor [dicofarm spa]; 6 x 10(9) cfu/day) in the prevention of gastrointestinal colonization by candida species in preterm, very low birth weight (i.e., < 1500-g) neonates during their stay in a neo ...	2006	16705580
the exposure of infants to lactobacillus rhamnosus gg in finland.		2006	16707967
lactobacillus rhamnosus gg decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation in a gastrostomy-fed infant rat model.	a gastrostomy-fed rat infant "pup-in-a-cup" model was used to test the hypothesis that enterally administered lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) decreases the proinflammatory response induced by escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) in the developing infant rat small intestine, plasma, lung and liver.	2006	16707979
probiotic intervention in neonates--will permanent colonization ensue?	the presence of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg at 6 and 12 months in the feces of 128 infants receiving the strain or placebo for 6 months after birth was monitored. no permanent establishment of the strain was found, but transient colonization was observed at 6 months of age. the presence of the strain at the end of the administration period was correlated with a reduced prevalence of atopic eczema later in life.	2006	16707993
probiotic lactobacilli and bacteraemia in stockholm.	the objective of the present study was to determine the incidence of lactobacilli-induced bacteraemia in stockholm, sweden, between january 1998 and march 2004, and to identify the possible presence of probiotic strains. isolated strains were checked for growth on selective lactobacilli-agar and the biochemical profiles were determined. the lactobacilli strains were further analysed with molecular methodologies to ascertain eventual similarities with the probiotic strains lactobacillus paracasei ...	2006	16709533
the genome of the virulent phage lc-nu of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus, and comparative genomics with lactobacillus casei phages.	the complete 36,466-bp genome sequence of the virulent phage lc-nu of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus was determined. the linear dsdna with a gc-content of 44.2% contained 3' single-stranded cohesive ends of 12 nucleotides. a total of 51 putative open reading frames (orfs) were predicted. lc-nu showed to be evolutionary closely related to the temperate lactobacillus casei phages phi at3 and a2. high dna homology with phi at3 was shared over the late transcribed genes, and the highest homology ...	2006	16328134
staphylococcus aureus adheres to human intestinal mucus but can be displaced by certain lactic acid bacteria.	there is increasing evidence that staphylococcus aureus may colonize the intestinal tract, especially among hospitalized patients. as staph. aureus has been found to be associated with certain gastrointestinal diseases, it has become important to study whether this bacterium can colonize the intestinal tract and if so, whether it is possible to prevent colonization. adhesion is the first step in colonization; this study shows that staph. aureus adheres to mucus from resected human intestinal tis ...	2006	16735744
relationship between dietary-induced changes in intestinal commensal microflora and duodenojejunal myoelectric activity monitored by radiotelemetry in the rat in vivo.	interdigestive intestinal motility, and especially phase iii of the migrating myoelectric/motor complex (mmc), is responsible for intestinal clearance and plays an important role in prevention of bacterial overgrowth and translocation in the gut. yet previous results from gnotobiotic rats have shown that intestinal microflora can themselves affect the characteristics of the myoelectric activity of the gut during the interdigestive state. given that the composition of the intestinal microflora ca ...	2006	16263800
antagonistic activity of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against entero- and uropathogens.	to develop in vitro assays for comparing the antagonistic properties and anti-oxidative activity of probiotic lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains against various entero- and urinary pathogens.	2006	16696680
augmentation of antimicrobial metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with oral probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 and lactobacillus reuteri rc-14: randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.	this study enrolled 125 premenopausal women diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis (bv) by presence of vaginal irritation, discharge and 'fishy' odor, and nugent criteria and detection of sialidase enzyme. the subjects were treated with oral metronidazole (500 mg) twice daily from days 1 to 7, and randomized to receive oral lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 (1 x 10(9)) and lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 (1 x 10(9)) or placebo twice daily from days 1 to 30. primary outcome was cure of bv as determined by nor ...	2006	16697231
[therapeutic possibilities of probiotics in antibiotic-related diarrhea].	one of the major problems associated with the use of antibiotics is the occurrence of antibiotic-related diarrhea. although most such cases of diarrhea are harmless, in individual cases it may lead on to fulminant colitis. in 10-20% of the patients, the causal factor is infection with clostridium difficile, which multiplies unhindered in patients on antibiotics. in the meantime, controlled, randomized studies have shown that probiotics can exercise a preventive effect in antibiotic-related diarr ...	2006	16995359
alteration of the canine small-intestinal lactic acid bacterium microbiota by feeding of potential probiotics.	five potentially probiotic canine fecal lactic acid bacterium (lab) strains, lactobacillus fermentum lab8, lactobacillus salivarius lab9, weissella confusa lab10, lactobacillus rhamnosus lab11, and lactobacillus mucosae lab12, were fed to five permanently fistulated beagles for 7 days. the survival of the strains and their potential effects on the indigenous intestinal lab microbiota were monitored for 17 days. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) demonstrated that the five fed lab str ...	2006	17021203
induction of interleukin-12 by lactobacillus strains having a rigid cell wall resistant to intracellular digestion.	some strains of lactobacilli can stimulate macrophages and dendritic cells to secrete il-12, which plays a key role in activating innate immunity. we examined the il-12-inducing ability of 47 lactobacillus strains belonging to 10 species in mouse peritoneal macrophages, and characterized the properties important for the induction of il-12. although considerable differences in il-12-inducing ability were observed among the strains tested, almost all strains belonging to the lactobacillus casei gr ...	2006	16899663
analysis of the presence of prtr proteinase gene in natural isolates of lactobacillus rhamnosus.	the region of the prtr gene coding for the active site of prtr proteinase was detected in natural isolates of lactobacilli, previously determined as lactobacillus rhamnosus. this region was present in all l. rhamnosus strains with proteolytic activity. the pcr primers used were constructed on the basis of the sequence of the catalytic domain of the prtr proteinase gene. these primers generated in colony-pcr procedure specific 611 1-bp product with dna from natural isolates of l. rhamnosus. no pc ...	2006	17455789