| colitic scid mice fed lactobacillus spp. show an ameliorated gut histopathology and an altered cytokine profile by local t cells. | scid mice transplanted with cd4 t blast cells develop colitis. we investigated if the disease was influenced in colitic mice treated with antibiotic and fed lactobacillus spp. | 2005 | 16116315 |
| a randomized, double-blind trial of lactobacillus gg versus placebo in addition to standard maintenance therapy for children with crohn's disease. | probiotics are widely used by patients with crohn's disease (cd) in an attempt to improve their health, but few controlled studies have been done to evaluate the efficacy of these therapies. we conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus strain gg (lgg) to see if the addition of lgg to standard therapy prolonged remission in children with cd. concomitant medications allowed in the study included aminosalicylates, 6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine, and l ... | 2005 | 16116318 |
| effect of probiotics and breastfeeding on the bifidobacterium and lactobacillus/enterococcus microbiota and humoral immune responses. | to assess impact of probiotics and breastfeeding on gut microecology. | 2005 | 16126047 |
| mode of action of lactocin 160, a bacteriocin from vaginal lactobacillus rhamnosus. | to determine the mechanism of antimicrobial action of lactocin 160, a bacteriocin produced by the healthy vaginal strain of lactobacillus rhamnosus, using an established model, with micrococcus luteus atcc 10420 as a test organism. | 2005 | 16126497 |
| a probiotic mixture alleviates symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a controlled 6-month intervention. | irritable bowel syndrome is a gastrointestinal disorder of unknown aetiology. the effect of probiotics in this syndrome remains unclear. | 2005 | 16128676 |
| biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria in moroccan soft white cheese (jben). | the bacterial diversity occurring in traditional moroccan soft white cheese, produced in eight different regions in morocco, was studied. a total of 164 lactic acid bacteria were isolated, purified and identified by whole-cell protein fingerprinting and rep-pcr genomic fingerprinting. the majority of the strains belonged to the genera lactobacillus, lactococcus, leuconostoc and enterococcus. sixteen species were identified: lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, lactobacillus paracase ... | 2005 | 16168579 |
| resistance of lactobacillus plantarum kctc 3099 from kimchi to oxidative stress. | the antioxidative capacity of two lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi, a korean fermented food, was evaluated by measuring the resistance to reactive oxygen species (ros) and compared with that of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg as a positive control. both intact cells and cell-free extracts of lactobacillus plantarum kctc 3099 exhibited higher antioxidative activity in inhibiting lipid peroxidation among the strains evaluated with an inhibitory level of 38.6% and 48.5%, respectively. to evalua ... | 2005 | 16176138 |
| evaluation of diet and growth in children with and without atopic eczema: follow-up study from birth to 4 years. | current research into dietary factors contributing to the development of allergic diseases is directed towards new active approaches instead of passive elimination diets. the present study aimed to investigate the explanatory role of the diet in a probiotic intervention study on the appearance of atopic eczema (ae) in childhood and the safety of perinatal supplementation with probiotics (lactobacillus rhamnosus strain gg; atcc 53 103). a prospective follow-up study from birth to 48 months of chi ... | 2005 | 16197582 |
| ph-, lactic acid-, and non-lactic acid-dependent activities of probiotic lactobacilli against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the mechanism(s) underlying the antibacterial activity of probiotic lactobacillus strains appears to be multifactorial and includes lowering of the ph and the production of lactic acid and of antibacterial compounds, including bacteriocins and nonbacteriocin, non-lactic acid molecules. addition of dulbecco's modified eagle's minimum essential medium to the incubating medium delays the killing activity of lactic acid. we found that the probiotic strains lactobacillus johnsonii la1, lactobacillus ... | 2005 | 16204515 |
| effects of yeasts and bacteria on the levels of folates in rye sourdoughs. | fermentation of rye dough is often accompanied with an increase in folate content. in this study, three sourdough yeasts, candida milleri cbs 8195, saccharomyces cerevisiae ts 146, and torulaspora delbrueckii ts 207; a control, baker's yeast s. cerevisiae alko 743; and four lactobacillus spp., l. acidophilus tsb 262, l. brevis tsb 307, l. plantarum tsb 304, and l. sanfranciscensis tsb 299 originally isolated from rye sourdough were examined for their abilities to produce or consume folates. the ... | 2006 | 16213050 |
| effects of specific lactic acid bacteria on the intestinal permeability to macromolecules and the inflammatory condition. | non-live probiotic bacteria and their fermentation products can be used in milk-based formula intended for healthy infants. the effects of a milk formula fermented with bifidobacterium breve and streptococcus thermophilus and heated/dehydrated to inactivate the micro-organisms have been reported over the last few years to decrease the intestinal permeability to macromolecules in experimental animals in vivo and more recently to down-regulate inflammatory condition in vitro. feeding guinea-pigs w ... | 2005 | 16214764 |
| a comparative study and phage typing of silage-making lactobacillus bacteriophages. | to investigate basic characteristics of 10 virulent phages active on silage-making lactobacilli, morphological properties, host ranges, protein composition and genome characterization were separated into five groups based on host ranges and basic properties. the seven phages of groups i, ii and v were active on lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus pentosus. phage phipy4 (group iii) infected both l. casei and lactobacillus rhamnosus. phage phipy5 (group iv) specifically infected lactobacillu ... | 2003 | 16233449 |
| an optimal model for representing the kinetics of growth and product formation by lactobacillus rhamnosus on multiple substrates. | a comprehensive model was developed to simulate lactobacillus rhamnosus growth on a medium containing multiple limiting carbon sources. the strategy of optimizing specific growth rate to predict growth on multiple substrates was demonstrated. the model predictions were based on parameters obtained from l. rhamnosus growth on individual substrates. the model was able to simulate the growth, substrate consumption, product formation and specific growth rate profiles of l. rhamnosus accurately. the ... | 2003 | 16233559 |
| oral lactobacilli in chronic periodontitis and periodontal health: species composition and antimicrobial activity. | lactobacilli are known to play an important role in the maintenance of health by stimulating natural immunity and contributing to the balance of microflora. however, their role in chronic periodontitis is unclear. we aimed to identify oral lactobacilli in chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects, and to determine their antimicrobial activity against putative oral pathogens. | 2005 | 16238595 |
| relationship between dietary-induced changes in intestinal commensal microflora and duodenojejunal myoelectric activity monitored by radiotelemetry in the rat in vivo. | interdigestive intestinal motility, and especially phase iii of the migrating myoelectric/motor complex (mmc), is responsible for intestinal clearance and plays an important role in prevention of bacterial overgrowth and translocation in the gut. yet previous results from gnotobiotic rats have shown that intestinal microflora can themselves affect the characteristics of the myoelectric activity of the gut during the interdigestive state. given that the composition of the intestinal microflora ca ... | 2006 | 16263800 |
| conjugated linoleic acid content and organoleptic attributes of fermented milk products produced with probiotic bacteria. | the effect of probiotic bacteria on the formation of conjugated linoleic acid (cla), microbial growth, and organoleptic attributes (acidity, texture, and flavor) of fermented milk products was determined. four probiotic bacteria, lactobacillus rhamnosus, propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii 56, p. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii 51, and p. freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii 23, were evaluated individually or in coculture with traditional yogurt cultures (lactobacillus delbrueckii ... | 2005 | 16277403 |
| comparison of the functionality of exopolysaccharides produced in situ or added as bioingredients on yogurt properties. | the effect on yogurt properties of in situ production of exopolysaccharides (eps) and addition of 2 eps powders (crude and purified eps from lactobacillus rhamnosus rw-9595m fermentation in whey-based medium) at different concentrations was studied. no effect of purified powder addition for eps concentrations up to 500 mg/l was observed on acidification rate to the difference of milks supplemented with crude eps, which exhibited longer acidification times. the addition of eps from 125 to 500 mg/ ... | 2005 | 16291605 |
| acid-hydrolysis of fish wastes for lactic acid fermentation. | in this study, two acid-hydrolysis processes, process a and process b, were proposed to produce low-cost nutrients for the production of lactic acid. process a was a direct way to hydrolyze protein with diluted acid while process b was process a plus fish wastes pretreatment (an extraction by water). the two methods could both treat fish wastes to be suitable nutrient sources for promoting lactic acid production. as the pretreatment indicated some favorable effect on fish waste hydrolyzate (fwh) ... | 2006 | 16293413 |
| ribotyping of lactobacillus casei group strains isolated from dairy products. | a series of lactobacilli isolated from dairy products were characterized using biotyping and ribotyping with ecori and hindiii restriction enzymes. biotyping assigned 14 strains as lactobacillus casei, 6 strains as lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei and 12 as lactobacillus rhamnosus. the obtained ribotype patterns separated all analyzed strains into two clearly distinguished groups corresponding to l. rhamnosus and l. casei/l. paracasei subsp. paracasei. the hindiii ribotypes of individual ... | 2005 | 16295661 |
| inability of probiotic bacterial strains lactobacillus rhamnosus hn001 and bifidobacterium lactis hn019 to induce human platelet aggregation in vitro. | platelet aggregation contributes to the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis, and aggregation of platelets induced by lactobacilli is thought to be an important contributory factor in the development and progression of lactobacillus endocarditis. the main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of immunity-enhancing probiotic strains lactobacillus rhamnosus hn001 and bifidobacterium lactis hn019 on the activation and aggregation of human blood platelets. whole blood samples from health ... | 2005 | 16300090 |
| aflatoxin b1 binding by a mixture of lactobacillus and propionibacterium: in vitro versus ex vivo. | aflatoxin b1 (afb) is a well-known carcinogen and reducing its bioavailability is of great interest for human and animal health. several probiotic bacteria are able to bind afb1 in vitro, including lactobacillus rhamnosus lc-705 and propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii js. a mixture of these two probiotics is used by the food and feed industry as biopreservative (bioprofit), making it a promising candidate for future applications. consequently, this study aims to investigate the in ... | 2005 | 16300092 |
| probiotics and allergy. | allergy is caused by an immune reaction that is out of all proportion to the antigenic stimuli. classical allergy is a type i hypersensitivity reaction mediated by the interaction of mast cells (and eosinophils) coated with allergen-specific ige and a cross-linking allergen. the physiological outcome is inflammation commonly displayed by urticaria, rhinitis, vomiting and diarrhoea, depending on the route of allergen entry. in extreme reactions anaphylactic shock can result that may lead to death ... | 2005 | 16313688 |
| the genome of the virulent phage lc-nu of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus, and comparative genomics with lactobacillus casei phages. | the complete 36,466-bp genome sequence of the virulent phage lc-nu of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus was determined. the linear dsdna with a gc-content of 44.2% contained 3' single-stranded cohesive ends of 12 nucleotides. a total of 51 putative open reading frames (orfs) were predicted. lc-nu showed to be evolutionary closely related to the temperate lactobacillus casei phages phi at3 and a2. high dna homology with phi at3 was shared over the late transcribed genes, and the highest homology ... | 2006 | 16328134 |
| lactic acid production in a mixed-culture biofilm reactor. | novel solid supports, consisting of polypropylene blended with various agricultural materials (pp composite), were evaluated as supports for pure- and mixed-culture continuous lactic acid fermentations in biofilm reactors. streptomyces viridosporus t7a (atcc 39115) was used to form a biofilm, and lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus (atcc 11443) was used for lactic acid production. for mixed-culture fermentations, a 15-day continuous fermentation of s. viridosporus was performed initially to est ... | 1993 | 16348843 |
| probiotics. some evidence of their effectiveness. | to define the term probiotics, to indicate how to identify products that have been proven beneficial, and to assess the quality of evidence regarding probiotics. | 2005 | 16353831 |
| probiotics to prevent urinary tract infections: the rationale and evidence. | for over 30 years, urologists have recognized in females, that urinary pathogens almost always infect the host through ascension from the rectum, vagina to the urethra and bladder. likewise, the lactobacillus organisms that predominate in the vagina of healthy women, spread from the rectum and perineum and form a barrier in the vagina to bladder entry by uropathogens. the concept of artificially boosting the lactobacilli numbers through probiotic instillation has long been conceived, but only in ... | 2006 | 16389539 |
| treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea in infants and children with a mixture of three lactobacillus rhamnosus strains--a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | multiple studies document that probiotics are effective in treating infectious diarrhoea in children. lactobacillus rhamnosus gg is the most extensively studied but effectiveness of other strains has been poorly examined. | 2006 | 16393304 |
| microentrapment of probiotic bacteria in a ca(2+)-induced whey protein gel and effects on their viability in a dynamic gastro-intestinal model. | entrapping probiotic bacteria in gels with ionic cross-linking is typically achieved with polysaccharides (alginate, pectin, carraghenan). in this study, whey proteins were used for this purpose by carrying out the ca(2+)-induced gelation of pre-heated whey protein isolate (wpi). a lactobacillus rhamnosus cell suspension was added in a denatured wpi solution in a 30 : 70 volume ratio. gelation was carried out by extrusion of the cell suspension in a cacl(2) solution. beads of approximately 3 mm ... | 2005 | 16401577 |
| oral cavity as natural reservoir for intestinal lactobacilli. | ecological studies indicate that most lactobacillus species found in the human gastrointestinal tract are likely to be transient (allochthonous), originating from either the oral cavity or food. in order to investigate if oral lactobacilli constitute a part of the faecal lactobacillus biota, the lactobacillus biota of saliva and faeces of three human subjects were investigated and compared at two time-points in a 3-months interval. bacteriological culture, performed by incubation under standard ... | 2006 | 16423658 |
| lactobacillus bacteremia, species identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility of 85 blood isolates. | data regarding antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical lactobacillus isolates are scarce, and appropriate interpretation criteria for susceptibility tests are not available. | 2006 | 16447101 |
| growth during the first 6 months of life in infants using formula enriched with lactobacillus rhamnosus gg: double-blind, randomized trial. | probiotic bacteria have beneficial effects on the immune system and gastrointestinal tract, but the impacts of their long-term consumption on health and growth in early infancy are not well documented. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg)-enriched formula on growth and faecal microflora during the first 6 months of life in normal healthy infants. | 2006 | 16448475 |
| effect of maternal consumption of lactobacillus gg on transfer and establishment of fecal bifidobacterial microbiota in neonates. | establishment of the gut microbiota at birth provides a substantial source of microbial stimuli for the maturation of the immune system. deviations in this process precede the development of specific diseases providing the rationale for the use of probiotics to counteract them. | 2006 | 16456409 |
| use of polymerase chain reaction techniques and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for differentiation of oral lactobacillus species. | the genus lactobacillus has been associated with dental caries in humans, although it is seldom speciated due to lack of simple and nonlaborious identification methods. a considerable heterogeneity among lactobacillus species has been demonstrated. the purpose of this study was to develop simple methods combining restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified 16s rrna (16s rrna gene pcr-rflp) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electropho ... | 2006 | 16476016 |
| colonization of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg in the oral cavity. | lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) is one of the most widely studied probiotic bacterial strain. the benefits of lgg treatment in gastrointestinal disorders are well documented. the aim of the present study was to investigate whether lgg can be detected in the oral cavity after discontinuation of administration of a product prepared with this bacterium. | 2006 | 16476023 |
| sequence, organization, transcription and regulation of lactose and galactose operons in lactobacillus rhamnosus tcell-1. | understanding the metabolism of lactose and galactose and their regulation in lactobacillus rhamnosus. | 2006 | 16478484 |
| new convenient defined media for [(35)s]methionine labelling and proteomic analyses of probiotic lactobacilli. | to develop experimental conditions for efficient protein radiolabelling and two-dimensional (2d) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for investigation of stress proteomes of probiotic lactobacillus spp. | 2006 | 16478505 |
| viability of commercial probiotic cultures (l. acidophilus, bifidobacterium sp., l. casei, l. paracasei and l. rhamnosus) in cheddar cheese. | six batches of cheddar cheese were manufactured containing different combinations of commercially available probiotic cultures from three suppliers. duplicate cheeses contained the organisms of each supplier, a bifidobacterium spp. (each supplier), a lactobacillus acidophilus (2 suppliers), and either lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus paracasei, or lactobacillus rhamnosus. using selective media, the different strains were assessed for viability during cheddar cheese maturation over 32 weeks. th ... | 2006 | 16478637 |
| lactic acid fermentation in cell-recycle membrane bioreactor. | traditional lactic acid fermentation suffers from low productivity and low product purity. cell-recycle fermentation has become one of the methods to obtain high cell density, which results in higher productivity. lactic acid fermentation was investigated in a cell-recycle membrane bioreactor at higher substrate concentrations of 100 and 120 g/dm3. a maximum cell density of 145 g/dm3 and a maximum productivity of 34 g/(dm3.h) were achieved in cell-recycle fermentation. in spite of complete consu ... | 2006 | 16484726 |
| [cholic acid metabolism in human fecal cultures during diet supplementation with lacto-bacillus rhamnosus gg]. | lactobacillus rhamnosus gg is used as probiotic and is thought to have protective properties in the human gastrointestinal tract and in other organs. enrichment of the bile acid pool with secondary bile acids is common in some hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases and this is considered as a pathogenic element in the disease progression. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic feeding on fecal bile acid biotransformation, particularly on the production of secondary bile aci ... | 2002 | 16484975 |
| antimicrobial activity of lysostaphin and a listeria monocytogenes bacteriophage endolysin produced and secreted by lactic acid bacteria. | the expression and secretion signals of the sep protein from lactobacillus fermentum br11 were used to direct export of two peptidoglycan hydrolases by lb. fermentum br11, lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, lactobacillus plantarum atcc 14917 and lactococcus lactis mg1363. the production levels, hydrolytic and bacteriocidal activities of the listeria monocytogenes bacteriophage n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase endolysin ply511 and the glycylglycine endopeptidase lysostaphin were examined. buffering of ... | 2007 | 16490333 |
| adhesion of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus to human intestinal mucus. | the intestinal mucus layer provides a potential niche for colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref). we therefore examined the ability of six vref strains to adhere to human intestinal mucus and determined binding kinetics. four of six (67%) vref strains demonstrated significant adhesion to immobilized intestinal mucus compared with a salmonella typhimurium-negative control strain, but the level of adherence was low compared with lactobacillus rhamnosus gg. binding kinetic ... | 2006 | 16502294 |
| prebiotics and synbiotics: two promising approaches for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children above 2 years. | appropriate use of prebiotics and optimal combinations of probiotics and prebiotics (synbiotics) could allow significantly better results to be obtained in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (ad). | 2006 | 16512804 |
| probiotics may be unsafe in infants allergic to cow's milk. | | 2006 | 16512815 |
| nutrient leaching and end product accumulation in plastic composite supports for l-(+)-lactic acid biofilm fermentation. | investigations on the leachate bioavailability, leaching rate, and lactic acid accumulation properties of plastic composite supports (pcs) were essential for large-scale or long-term lactic acid fermentation. leachates from pcs and polypropylene discs (controls) were analyzed by the micro-kjeldahl method; by absorbances at 260, 275, and 280 nm; and by bioassays with lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus (atcc 11443). the amount of leached nitrogen in a 20-ml initial soaking solution had a high co ... | 1997 | 16535636 |
| [a study of non-antibiotic versus antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary-tract infections in women (the napruti study)]. | patient enrolment in the 'non-antibiotic versus antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary-tract infections' (napruti) study was started in september 2005. in this study of women with recurrent urinary-tract infections we aim to investigate the effect of 12 months of non-antibiotic prophylaxis in comparison with antibiotic prophylaxis on the rate of recurrence of urinary-tract infections and the development of antibiotic resistance. the study consists of two interlinked, randomised, clinical n ... | 2006 | 16566424 |
| quantitative real-time pcr analysis of fecal lactobacillus species in infants receiving a prebiotic infant formula. | the developing intestinal microbiota of breast-fed infants is considered to play an important role in the priming of the infants' mucosal and systemic immunity. generally, bifidobacterium and lactobacillus predominate the microbiota of breast-fed infants. in intervention trials it has been shown that lactobacilli can exert beneficial effects on, for example, diarrhea and atopy. however, the lactobacillus species distribution in breast-fed or formula-fed infants has not yet been determined in gre ... | 2006 | 16597930 |
| probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and clostridium difficile diarrhea. | antibiotic-associated diarrhea is a common clinical problem occurring in up to 25% of patients, with diarrhea owing to clostridium difficile accounting for up to a quarter of cases. the clinical and economic costs of antibiotic-associated diarrhea are significant and better treatments are needed. probiotics may offer potential effective therapy for antibiotic-associated diarrhea by restoring intestinal microbial balance. a number of different probiotics have been evaluated in the prevention and ... | 2006 | 16633131 |
| meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea and the treatment of clostridium difficile disease. | antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) is a common complication of most antibiotics and clostridium difficile disease (cdd), which also is incited by antibiotics, is a leading cause of nosocomial outbreaks of diarrhea and colitis. the use of probiotics for these two related diseases remains controversial. | 2006 | 16635227 |
| is the effect of probiotics on atopic dermatitis confined to food sensitized children? | probiotics have previously been shown to reduce the severity of atopic dermatitis (ad) in infants and children. | 2006 | 16650048 |
| strong antimicrobial activity of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg against salmonella typhimurium is due to accumulation of lactic acid. | spent culture supernatant (scs) of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg had been reported to exert antibacterial activity against salmonella typhimurium. however, the chemical identity of the antimicrobial compound(s) responsible remained unknown. a survey of the antimicrobial compounds produced by l. rhamnosus gg was performed. lactobacillus rhamnosus gg produced a low-molecular weight, heat-stable, non-proteinaceous bactericidal substance, active at acidic ph against a wide range of bacter ... | 2006 | 16684107 |
| probiotic supplementation reduces a biomarker for increased risk of liver cancer in young men from southern china. | in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that selected strains of probiotic bacteria can form tight complexes with aflatoxin b(1) and other carcinogens. | 2006 | 16685066 |
| antagonistic activity of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against entero- and uropathogens. | to develop in vitro assays for comparing the antagonistic properties and anti-oxidative activity of probiotic lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains against various entero- and urinary pathogens. | 2006 | 16696680 |
| augmentation of antimicrobial metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with oral probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 and lactobacillus reuteri rc-14: randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. | this study enrolled 125 premenopausal women diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis (bv) by presence of vaginal irritation, discharge and 'fishy' odor, and nugent criteria and detection of sialidase enzyme. the subjects were treated with oral metronidazole (500 mg) twice daily from days 1 to 7, and randomized to receive oral lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 (1 x 10(9)) and lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 (1 x 10(9)) or placebo twice daily from days 1 to 30. primary outcome was cure of bv as determined by nor ... | 2006 | 16697231 |
| bioproduction of conjugated linoleic acid by probiotic bacteria occurs in vitro and in vivo in mice. | probiotics have been shown to reduce the incidence of colon cancer in animal models. the mechanisms responsible for this activity are poorly defined. conjugated linoleic acids (cla) are a group of isomers of linoleic acid (la) possessing anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties, which can be produced from la by certain bacterial strains. in this study, the ability of probiotic bacteria to exert anticarcinogenic effects through the production of cla was assessed. incubation of probiotic ... | 2006 | 16702308 |
| oral supplementation with lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus prevents enteric colonization by candida species in preterm neonates: a randomized study. | colonization by candida species is the most important predictor of the development of invasive fungal disease in preterm neonates, and the enteric reservoir is a major site of colonization. we evaluated the effectiveness of an orally supplemented probiotic (lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus; dicoflor [dicofarm spa]; 6 x 10(9) cfu/day) in the prevention of gastrointestinal colonization by candida species in preterm, very low birth weight (i.e., < 1500-g) neonates during their stay in a neo ... | 2006 | 16705580 |
| the exposure of infants to lactobacillus rhamnosus gg in finland. | | 2006 | 16707967 |
| lactobacillus rhamnosus gg decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation in a gastrostomy-fed infant rat model. | a gastrostomy-fed rat infant "pup-in-a-cup" model was used to test the hypothesis that enterally administered lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) decreases the proinflammatory response induced by escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) in the developing infant rat small intestine, plasma, lung and liver. | 2006 | 16707979 |
| probiotic intervention in neonates--will permanent colonization ensue? | the presence of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg at 6 and 12 months in the feces of 128 infants receiving the strain or placebo for 6 months after birth was monitored. no permanent establishment of the strain was found, but transient colonization was observed at 6 months of age. the presence of the strain at the end of the administration period was correlated with a reduced prevalence of atopic eczema later in life. | 2006 | 16707993 |
| probiotic lactobacilli and bacteraemia in stockholm. | the objective of the present study was to determine the incidence of lactobacilli-induced bacteraemia in stockholm, sweden, between january 1998 and march 2004, and to identify the possible presence of probiotic strains. isolated strains were checked for growth on selective lactobacilli-agar and the biochemical profiles were determined. the lactobacilli strains were further analysed with molecular methodologies to ascertain eventual similarities with the probiotic strains lactobacillus paracasei ... | 2006 | 16709533 |
| efficacy of probiotics in prevention of acute diarrhoea: a meta-analysis of masked, randomised, placebo-controlled trials. | to evaluate the evidence for the use of probiotics in the prevention of acute diarrhoea, we did a meta-analysis of the available data from 34 masked, randomised, placebo-controlled trials. only one trial was community based and carried out in a developing country. most of the remaining 33 studies were carried out in a developed country in a health-care setting. evaluating the evidence by types of acute diarrhoea suggests that probiotics significantly reduced antibiotic-associated diarrhoea by 52 ... | 2006 | 16728323 |
| lactobacillus gg does not affect d-lactic acidosis in diarrheic calves, in a clinical setting. | d-lactate, produced by gastrointestinal fermentation, is a major contributor to metabolic acidosis in diarrheic calves. lactobacillus rhamnosus gg survives gastrointestinal transit in the neonatal calf and does not produce d-lactate. to determine whether this probiotic reduces gastrointestinal d-lactate production or severity of diarrhea or both, 48 calves (mean, 11 days old; range, 2-30 days) admitted to the clinic for treatment of diarrhea were randomly allocated to 2 groups. the experimental ... | 2006 | 16734098 |
| staphylococcus aureus adheres to human intestinal mucus but can be displaced by certain lactic acid bacteria. | there is increasing evidence that staphylococcus aureus may colonize the intestinal tract, especially among hospitalized patients. as staph. aureus has been found to be associated with certain gastrointestinal diseases, it has become important to study whether this bacterium can colonize the intestinal tract and if so, whether it is possible to prevent colonization. adhesion is the first step in colonization; this study shows that staph. aureus adheres to mucus from resected human intestinal tis ... | 2006 | 16735744 |
| probiotic bacteria bifidobacterium animalis mb5 and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg protect intestinal caco-2 cells from the inflammation-associated response induced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli k88. | probiotic bacteria may provide protection against intestinal damage induced by pathogens, but the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. we investigated whether bifidobacterium animalis mb5 and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) protected intestinal caco-2 cells from the inflammation-associated response induced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) k88, by inhibiting pathogen attachment to the cells, which is the first step of etec pathogenicity, and regulating neutrophil recruitmen ... | 2006 | 16768842 |
| short communication: effect of exopolysaccharide isolated from "viili" on the adhesion of probiotics and pathogens to intestinal mucus. | the strong ropy character of the scandinavian fermented milk viili is conferred by the exopolysaccharides (eps) produced by lactococcal strains. these biopolymers can be responsible for some health benefits. we have assessed the influence of the eps fraction isolated from commercial viili on the adhesion of some probiotics and pathogens to human intestinal mucus. concentrations of viili eps greater than 0.1 mg/ml promoted a decrease in adherence of bifidobacterium lactis bb12 and lactobacillus r ... | 2006 | 16772550 |
| characterization of a new virulent phage (mlc-a) of lactobacillus paracasei. | a new virulent bacteriophage (mlc-a) was recently isolated in argentina from a probiotic dairy product containing a strain of lactobacillus paracasei. observation of the lysate with an electron microscope revealed bacteriophage particles with an icosahedral capsid of 57 +/- 2 nm; with a collar and a noncontractile tail of 156 +/- 3 nm terminating with a baseplate to which a tail fiber was attached. therefore, phage mlc-a belongs to the siphoviridae family. this phage was able to survive the past ... | 2006 | 16772557 |
| probiotics for prevention of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a review. | vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) is a common infection affecting the quality of life of many women. probiotics have been investigated as possible agents for the prevention of recurrences of vvc. we reviewed the available literature. in some studies the development of vvc was associated with either a low number of lactobacilli in the vagina or with the presence of h2o2-non-producing vaginal lactobacilli, although there are a few studies not supporting these statements. in addition, in vitro studies ... | 2006 | 16790461 |
| human originated bacteria, lactobacillus rhamnosus pl60, produce conjugated linoleic acid and show anti-obesity effects in diet-induced obese mice. | many previous studies have reported that conjugated linoleic acid could be produced by starter culture bacteria, but the effects of the bacteria were not investigated. moreover, there was no evidence of the conjugated linoleic acid-producing bacteria having potential health or nutritional effects related to conjugated linoleic acid, including reducing body fat. here, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus pl60, a human originated bacterium that produces t10, c12-conju ... | 2006 | 16807088 |
| probiotics and their potential health claims. | many studies have attempted to identify specific positive health effects of probiotics. one of the challenges in generalizing health effects of probiotics is that different strains exert disparate effects on human health. as a result, the efficacy of one strain or species cannot necessarily be inferred from another. the objective of this review is to examine the current scientific literature that could be used as the basis for potential health claims. more specifically, this paper will review ex ... | 2006 | 16808112 |
| flow cytometric testing of green fluorescent protein-tagged lactobacillus rhamnosus gg for response to defensins. | lactobacillus rhamnosus gg is of general interest as a probiotic. although l. rhamnosus gg is often used in clinical trials, there are few genetic tools to further determine its mode of action or to develop it as a vehicle for heterologous gene expression in therapy. therefore, we developed a reproducible, efficient electroporation procedure for l. rhamnosus gg. the best transformation efficiency obtained was 10(4) transformants per microg of dna. we validated this protocol by tagging l. rhamnos ... | 2006 | 16820489 |
| probiotics for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: a review of the evidence from microbiological and clinical studies. | recurrent urinary tract infections (utis) afflict a great number of women around the world. the use of probiotics, especially lactobacilli, has been considered for the prevention of utis. since lactobacilli dominate the urogenital flora of healthy premenopausal women, it has been suggested that restoration of the urogenital flora, which is dominated by uropathogens, with lactobacilli may protect against utis. this review is based on a search of pubmed for relevant articles. many in vitro studies ... | 2006 | 16827601 |
| probiotic properties of vaginal lactic acid bacteria to prevent metritis in cattle. | the isolation of bovine vaginal lactic acid bacteria (lab) and the screening of their beneficial properties to select those that could be used as probiotics in the prevention of bovine metritis were performed. | 2006 | 16834727 |
| no effects of probiotics on atopic dermatitis in infancy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. | studies have been performed suggesting that administration of probiotics may have therapeutic and/or preventive benefits in the development of sensitization and atopic disease, particularly in infants with atopic dermatitis (ad). | 2006 | 16839405 |
| fibres as carriers for lactobacillus rhamnosus during freeze-drying and storage in apple juice and chocolate-coated breakfast cereals. | the capability of different fibre preparations to protect the viability and stability of lactobacillus rhamnosus during freeze-drying, storage in freeze-dried form and after formulation into apple juice and chocolate-coated breakfast cereals was studied. in freeze-drying trials wheat dextrin and polydextrose proved to be promising carriers for the l. rhamnosus strains: both freeze-drying survival and storage stability at 37 degrees c were comparable to the control carrier (sucrose). using apple ... | 2006 | 16844253 |
| comparative effects of exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria and fructo-oligosaccharides on infant gut microbiota tested in an in vitro colonic model with immobilized cells. | the aim of this study was to compare the effects of purified exopolysaccharides from lactobacillus rhamnosus rw-9595m with those of a well-known prebiotic (short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides) on infant colonic microbiota using a new three-stage chemostat model with immobilized infant faecal microbiota. two continuous cultures with different faecal inocula were tested with different compositions of carbohydrate media. during the first fermentation (f1), fructo-oligosaccharides tested at a concen ... | 2006 | 16867141 |
| protective effects and mechanisms of a probiotic bacterium lactobacillus rhamnosus against experimental edwardsiella tarda infection in tilapia (oreochromis niloticus). | in recent years, probiotics, especially lactic acid bacteria, have been used as dietary supplements to protect fish from various infections. here, we examined the protective effects of lactobacillus rhamnosus against experimental edwardsiella tarda infection in tilapia (oreochromis niloticus). cumulative mortality was significantly lower in probiotic-supplemented fish than in control fish. in a histopathological survey, pyogranulomatous responses were observed at an earlier stage and to a greate ... | 2006 | 16870266 |
| probiotic intervention in the first months of life: short-term effects on gastrointestinal symptoms and long-term effects on gut microbiota. | to determine whether probiotics administered for 6 months postnatally affect gastrointestinal symptoms, crying and the compositional development of the gut microbiota through infancy. | 2006 | 16877985 |
| intraspecific genotypic characterization of lactobacillus rhamnosus strains intended for probiotic use and isolates of human origin. | a set of 118 strains of the species lactobacillus rhamnosus was collected, including probiotic strains, research strains with potential probiotic properties, food starter cultures, and human isolates. the majority of the strains were collected from companies, hospitals, or culture collections or were obtained after contacting authors who reported clinical case studies in the literature. the present work aimed to reveal the genotypic relationships between strains of these diverse sources. all str ... | 2006 | 16885289 |
| g-csf-mediated inhibition of jnk is a key mechanism for lactobacillus rhamnosus-induced suppression of tnf production in macrophages. | lactobacillus rhamnosus is a human commensal with known immunomodulatory properties. to date the mechanism of these immunomodulatory effects is not well understood. to unravel the immunomodulatory signalling mechanism, we investigated the effects of two strains of l. rhamnosus, l. rhamnosus gg and gr-1, in modulating production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf) in human monocytic cell line thp-1 and mouse macrophages. live l. rhamnosus gg and gr-1 or their spent culture supernatant induced m ... | 2006 | 16889627 |
| induction of interleukin-12 by lactobacillus strains having a rigid cell wall resistant to intracellular digestion. | some strains of lactobacilli can stimulate macrophages and dendritic cells to secrete il-12, which plays a key role in activating innate immunity. we examined the il-12-inducing ability of 47 lactobacillus strains belonging to 10 species in mouse peritoneal macrophages, and characterized the properties important for the induction of il-12. although considerable differences in il-12-inducing ability were observed among the strains tested, almost all strains belonging to the lactobacillus casei gr ... | 2006 | 16899663 |
| discrimination of dairy industry isolates of the lactobacillus casei group. | lactobacilli are a major part of the microflora of the gut and of many fermented dairy products, and are found in a variety of environments. lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus paracasei, lactobacillus rhamnosus, and lactobacillus zeae form a closely related taxonomic group within the facultatively heterofermentative lactobacilli. the classification and nomenclature of these bacteria are controversial. in this study, relationships between these species were investigated using type strains and dai ... | 2006 | 16899667 |
| 'the regression fallacy' in randomized studies in patients with allergic disease. | | 2006 | 16918521 |
| oral adhesion and survival of probiotic and other lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in vitro. | most probiotic products are consumed orally and hence it is feasible that the bacteria in these products may also attach to oral surfaces; however, the effects of these bacteria on the oral ecosystem are mostly unknown. our aim was to evaluate the oral colonization potential of different probiotic, dairy, and fecal lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains in vitro. | 2006 | 16922933 |
| exopolysaccharides produced by probiotic strains modify the adhesion of probiotics and enteropathogens to human intestinal mucus. | exopolysaccharides (epss) are exocellular polymers present in the surface of many bacteria, including lactobacillus and bifidobacterium. the genome sequence of several strains revealed the presence of eps-encoding genes. however, the physiological role that epss play in the bacterial ecology still remains uncertain. in this study, we have assessed the effect of epss produced by lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, bifidobacterium longum nb667, and bifidobacterium animalis ipla-r1 on the adhesion of probi ... | 2006 | 16924934 |
| effect of probiotics on vaccine antibody responses in infancy--a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial. | probiotics are immunomodulatory and may thus affect vaccine antibody responses. with the accumulating evidence of their health-promoting effects, probiotics are increasingly administered in allergy-prone infants. therefore, we studied the effect of probiotics on antibody responses to diphtheria, tetanus and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccines in 6-month-old infants participating in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind allergy-prevention trial. mothers of unborn children at incre ... | 2006 | 16925686 |
| in vitro studies of the digestion of caprine whey proteins by human gastric and duodenal juice and the effects on selected microorganisms. | the in vitro digestion of caprine whey proteins was investigated by a two-step degradation assay, using human gastric juice (hgj) at ph 2.5 and human duodenal juice (hdj) at ph 7.5. different protein and peptide profiles were observed after the first (hgj) and second (hdj) enzymatic degradation. the minor whey proteins serum albumin, lactoferrin and ig were rapidly degraded by hgj, while alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-la) and beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg) were more resistant and survived both 30 and 45 ... | 2006 | 16925863 |
| generation of no by probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. | probiotic bacteria elicit a number of beneficial effects in the gut but the mechanisms for these health promoting effects are not entirely understood. recent in vitro data suggest that lactobacilli can utilise nitrate and nitrite to generate nitric oxide, a gas with immunomodulating and antibacterial properties. here we further characterised intestinal no generation by bacteria. in rats, dietary supplementation with lactobacilli and nitrate resulted in a 3-8 fold no increase in the small intesti ... | 2006 | 16934682 |
| improved production of live cells of lactobacillus rhamnosus by continuous cultivation using glucose-yeast extract medium. | in this study, the growth kinetics of lactobacillus rhamnosus and lactic acid production in continuous culture were assessed at a range of dilution rates (0.05 h(-1) to 0.40 h(-1)) using a 2 l stirred tank fermenter with a working volume of 600 ml. unstructured models, predicated on the monod and luedeking-piret equations, were employed to simulate the growth of the bacterium, glucose consumption, and lactic acid production at different dilution rates in continuous cultures. the maximum specific ... | 2006 | 16953180 |
| genomic diversity of cultivable lactobacillus populations residing in the neonatal and adult gastrointestinal tract. | the objective of this study was to investigate the cultivable lactobacillus population in adult and infant faecal material to identify strains shared across a number of individuals. a range of lactobacilli isolated on lactobacillus-selective agar from faeces of 16 infants and 11 adults were genetically fingerprinted and further characterized by 16s rrna gene sequencing. the relatedness of all the lactobacillus strains isolated to known species was also determined both genetically and phenotypica ... | 2007 | 16978242 |
| lactobacillus rhamnosus strain gg modulates intestinal absorption, fecal excretion, and toxicity of aflatoxin b(1) in rats. | in this study, the modulation of aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1)) uptake in rats by administration of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg was demonstrated. fecal afb(1) excretion in gg-treated rats was increased via bacterial afb(1) binding. furthermore, afb(1)-associated growth faltering and liver injury were alleviated with gg treatment. | 2006 | 16980432 |
| [therapeutic possibilities of probiotics in antibiotic-related diarrhea]. | one of the major problems associated with the use of antibiotics is the occurrence of antibiotic-related diarrhea. although most such cases of diarrhea are harmless, in individual cases it may lead on to fulminant colitis. in 10-20% of the patients, the causal factor is infection with clostridium difficile, which multiplies unhindered in patients on antibiotics. in the meantime, controlled, randomized studies have shown that probiotics can exercise a preventive effect in antibiotic-related diarr ... | 2006 | 16995359 |
| alteration of the canine small-intestinal lactic acid bacterium microbiota by feeding of potential probiotics. | five potentially probiotic canine fecal lactic acid bacterium (lab) strains, lactobacillus fermentum lab8, lactobacillus salivarius lab9, weissella confusa lab10, lactobacillus rhamnosus lab11, and lactobacillus mucosae lab12, were fed to five permanently fistulated beagles for 7 days. the survival of the strains and their potential effects on the indigenous intestinal lab microbiota were monitored for 17 days. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) demonstrated that the five fed lab str ... | 2006 | 17021203 |
| absence of efficacy of nonviable lactobacillus acidophilus for the prevention of traveler's diarrhea: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. | diarrhea is the most common illness associated with international tourism. we evaluated the efficacy of a probiotic preparation of nonviable lactobacillus acidophilus (hereafter referred to as la) for the prevention of traveler's diarrhea. | 2006 | 17029137 |
| efficacy of helicobacter pylori eradication taking into account its resistance to antibiotics. | the discovery of helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) provided a possibility to cure effectively patients with peptic ulcers. recent studies have shown varying susceptibility of h. pylori strains to antibiotics and increasing resistance to some of the recommended drugs. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the currently recommended eradication schemes and to assess the increasing resistance of h. pylori strains to recommended antibiotics. furthermore, the effect of probiot ... | 2006 | 17033111 |
| immune modulation and expression of cytokine genes in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss upon probiotic feeding. | this study elucidates the immune modulation including the expression of cytokine genes following dietary administration of three selected probiotic bacteria--lactobacillus rhamnosus, enterococcus faecium and bacillus subtilis to fish, rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. they were fed for 45 days on either a basal control diet or one of the three probiotic diets containing the specific bacteria in freeze-dried form at a density of 10(9)cfugfeed-1. the non-specific immune parameters examined--super ... | 2007 | 17045337 |
| clinical study comparing probiotic lactobacillus gr-1 and rc-14 with metronidazole vaginal gel to treat symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) is particularly common in black women, and in nigeria it is often caused by mycoplasma, as well as atopobium, prevotella and gardnerella sp. antimicrobial metronidazole oral therapy is poorly effective in eradicating the condition and restoring the lactobacillus microbiota in the vagina. in this study, 40 women diagnosed with bv by discharge, fishy odor, sialidase positive test and nugent gram stain scoring, were randomized to receive either two dried capsules containing ... | 2006 | 17045832 |
| racemization of l-lactic acid in ph-swing open fermentation of kitchen refuse by selective proliferation of lactobacillus plantarum. | we have shown that stable lactic acid fermentation of model kitchen refuse occurs with intermittent ph adjustment under nonsterilized conditions. nonetheless, the optical activity of the accumulated lactic acid was low, which is disadvantageous for the production of high-quality poly-l-lactic acid. here, we attempt to increase optical purity by introducing l-lactic acid-producing strains under nonsterilized conditions and demonstrate that the inoculation of lactobacillus rhamnosus or lactococcus ... | 2006 | 17046538 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of non-enterococcal intrinsic glycopeptide-resistant gram-positive organisms. | non-enterococcal gram-positive bacteria that are intrinsically vancomycin-resistant have been infrequently isolated in association with serious infections. however, well-documented infections have lately been reported with increasing frequency. because these organisms may be pathogens, we tested the mics of 19 antimicrobial agents by the agar dilution method for predicting susceptibility. the activity of these antimicrobial agents was assessed against 28 strains (lactobacillus rhamnosus, 6; lact ... | 2007 | 17049799 |
| lactobacillus casei crl 431 and lactobacillus rhamnosus crl 1224 as biological controls for aspergillus flavus strains. | the effect of two species of lactobacilli, lactobacillus casei crl 431 and lactobacillus rhamnosus crl 1224, on growth of different aspergillus flavus strains was determined. a. flavus strains (ap, tr2, or cf80) were grown in laptg broth at 37 degrees c for 7 days as a single culture and in association with l. casei crl 431 or l. rhamnosus crl 1224 at initial inoculum ratios of 1:1, 1:10, and 1:100. in most cases, the mixed cultures had a lower fungal growth and a lower ph than the control cultu ... | 2006 | 17066943 |
| intestinal colonisation, microbiota and future probiotics? | the human intestine is colonized by a large number of microorganisms, collectively termed microbiota, which support a variety of physiological functions. as the major part of the microbiota has not yet been cultured, molecular methods are required to determine microbial composition and the impact of specific dietary components including probiotics. probiotics are viable microbial food supplements, which have a beneficial impact on human health. health-promoting properties have been demonstrated ... | 2006 | 17077076 |
| production of xylitol by metabolically engineered strains of bacillus subtilis. | xylitol-phosphate dehydrogenase (xpdh) genes from several gram-positive bacteria were isolated and expressed in bacillus subtilis. the substrate specificities of the recombinant xpdh enzymes were compared and it was found that the xpdh enzymes of lactobacillus rhamnosus and clostridium difficile had the highest selectivity towards d-xylulose 5-phosphate. expression of these two xpdh enzymes in d-ribulose and d-xylulose producing b. subtilis strain resulted in strains of b. subtilis capable of co ... | 2007 | 17079043 |