Publications

aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of biliary tract disease.	a retrospective analysis of the experiences of two military hospitals over 4 years in the recovery of organisms from biliary tract specimens was done. bacterial growth was obtained in 123 bile specimens. aerobic and facultative bacteria only were present in 59 specimens (48%), aerobic bacteria only were present in 4 specimens (3%), and mixed anaerobic and aerobic or facultative bacteria were present in 60 specimens (49%). of 286 isolates recovered, 216 were aerobic or facultative (1.8 per specim ...	1989	2584384
[the rapid identification of escherichia coli using bactident e. coli].	165 (93.7%) of 175 e. coli strains isolated from various materials of different animal species were correctly identified as e. coli with help of commercially available bactident e. coli (e. merck, d-6100 darmstadt). further 52 strains of the family of enterobacteriaceae (2x providencia sp., 2x salmonella sp., 7 citrobacter sp., 9 proteus sp., 15 klebsiella sp., 17 enterobacter sp.) were correctly not identified as e. coli by this test. bactident e. coli is a suitable test for rapid identificatio ...	1989	2647078
ceftazidime and cefotaxime--the clinician's choice.	a review of two third-generation cephalosporins, ceftazidime and cefotaxime, is presented. ceftazidime, often used as a single agent, has shown greater activity than cefotaxime against pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pseudomonas species, enterobacteriaceae, acinetobacter sp, and enterobacter sp. it has been effective as monotherapy in the treatment of peritonitis, gynecologic infections, chronic bronchitis, and infections in patients with leukemia and granulocytopenia, as has cefotaxime when in ...	1989	2660995
ciprofloxacin in patients with bacteremic infections. the spanish group for the study of ciprofloxacin.	the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of 68 episodes of bacteremia were studied. patients were treated intravenously (30 cases), orally (13 cases), or with sequential intravenous/oral therapy (25 cases). intravenous doses ranged from 200 to 400 mg per day and oral doses ranged from 1,000 to 1,500 mg per day. according to the criteria of mccabe and jackson, 39 cases had nonfatal and 29 had ultimately fatal underlying diseases. the clinical condition of patients at the start of ...	1989	2589366
urinary tract infection.	over two years, 9892 mid-stream urine samples from patients attending the aga khan university hospital, karachi were cultured. significant bacterial growth was seen in 23.5% samples. further identification of these organisms revealed 40% of e. coli, 16% pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11% klebsiella aerogenes, 5.0% enterobacter sp., 13% proteus sp., 4.0% serratia liquifaciens, 1.0% acinetobacter sp., 3.0% citrobacter sp., 4.0% enterococci, 0.5% staphylococcus aureus. results of sensitivity tests perform ...	1989	2504948
[bacterial flora of the oral cavity, fangs and venom of bothrops jararaca: possible source of infection at the site of bite].	culture of fang, fang sheath and venom of fifteen healthy freshly captured bothrops jararaca were analyzed. the bacteria most frequently encountered were group d streptococci (12 snakes), enterobacter sp. (6), providencia rettgeri (6), providencia sp. (4), escherichia coli (4), morganella morganii (3) and clostridium sp. (5). the bacteria observed are similar to those found in the abscesses from bothrops bitten patients. since these snake mouth bacteria may be inoculated during the snake bite, b ...	1990	2259834
[microbiological evaluation of chemical disinfectants for household use].	five disinfectants for household use were advertised on television during 1988 and the first half of 1989. the products were tested by a qualitative (use-dilution with 10 carriers, a conventional and simplified, adapted method) and a qualitative, adapted method with a view to evaluating their antimicrobial activity. the active compounds of the products, according to their respective labels were: 1--parachlorophenol (0-benzil) 0.1%; 2--eter 2.4.4' chloro (iii) 2' hydroxiphenylic 0.1%; 3--n-alkyl ...	1990	2120768
evaluation of thiol broth for the culture of salmonella typhi and other bacteria from blood.	thiol broth is known to neutralize various antimicrobial agents. positivity of growth of various species of bacteria from blood in thiol broth was reported as similar to that in tryptic soy broth (tsb). as blood cultures are often used for the diagnosis of typhoid fever, and as patients may receive antimicrobial therapy before blood culture, the positivity and rapidity of growth of salmonella typhi in thiol broth were compared to those in tsb. routine blood culture samples from yonsei medical ce ...	1990	2145703
[long-term observations on the etiology and antibiotic resistance in urinary infections (1971-1987)].	the activity "in vitro" of six antibiotics (co-trimoxazole, cephaloridine, nitrofurantoin, carbenicillin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin) was tested against four gram negative: e. coli, pseudomonas sp., klebsiella sp. and enterobacter sp. isolated from urine samples from 1971 to 1987, at the istituto di igiene of trieste. the temporal analysis of antibiograms revealed an decrease of the incidence of resistance in the year 1979, 1980 and 1981. in the following years the percentage of resistance showe ...	1990	2152305
epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in human isolates of enterobacteriaceae in sicily.	the authors have studied the antimicrobial susceptibility of 1073 clinical isolates of various genera of enterobacteriaceae (collected during the period july-december 1988) to ampicillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, imipenem, gentamicin, amikacin, netilmicin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by bauer-kirby disk diffusion method. of 1073 tested bacteria, 704 (65.6%) produced beta-lactamase detectable by nitrocefin test. ...	1990	2332782
microwave: practical cost-effective method for sterilizing urinary catheters in the home.	we used a standard microwave oven to sterilize red rubber catheters used for intermittent self-catheterization. catheters were incubated for sixty minutes in a suspension of microorganisms isolated from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections. for each trial, 6 catheters were removed from their respective suspensions, placed in separate plastic freezer bags, distributed evenly in a microwave oven (avoiding cold spots), and microwaved simultaneously for twelve minutes. a control cathe ...	1990	2107618
five years of cefotaxime use in a neonatal intensive care unit.	in 1983 our antibiotic regimen for suspected neonatal septicemia was changed from amoxicillin-gentamicin to cefotaxime-amoxicillin. during the subsequent 5-year period we studied the effect of this change in regimen on the bacterial flora of the infants in the unit and the occurrence of serious infections. this was done with bacteriologic surveillance and analysis of the positive blood cultures from 1978 through 1987. a change in the relative numbers of isolated pathogens was observed; klebsiell ...	1990	2179846
use of potentially infected donor hearts for cardiac transplantation.	despite the nationwide shortage of heart donors, more patients, some of whom are critically ill, are being accepted as candidates for transplantation. thus, on occasion, we have liberalized our donor criteria to meet the demand. we have recently transplanted 16 potentially infected donor hearts into critically ill recipients. of these 16 donors, 7 had multiple positive blood cultures as follows: streptococcus pneumoniae (3), staphylococcus aureus (2), klebsiella pneumoniae (1), and enterobacter ...	1990	2166490
[laboratory and clinical studies on norfloxacin in pediatrics].	norfloxacin (nflx, am-715) is a new quinolone antibacterial agent. in the present study, we carried out laboratory and clinical investigations on nflx in the field of pediatrics. the obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. nflx was very active against escherichia coli, salmonella sp., klebsiella sp., enterobacter sp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa among gram-negative rods. antibacterial activities of nflx against gram-positive cocci were lower than those against gram-negative rods but superio ...	1990	2391753
bacteriology of infections in a rural tropical area of kenya: isolates and antibiotic susceptibility.	no microbial data are available for rural tropical areas. yet most people in africa live in rural areas where the burdens of infectious diseases remain the primary cause for morbidity and mortality. a pilot study was done by culturing midstream urine from patient with dysuria (100 with gram-negative fermentative rods), blood from patients with fuo (55/307 positive) and swabs from patients with infected wounds (29 with staphylococcus aureus). bacteria were identified and susceptibility tests were ...	1991	1756701
enterobacter bacteremia: clinical features and emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy.	to study the effect of previously administered antibiotics on the antibiotic susceptibility profile of enterobacter, the factors affecting mortality, and the emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy for enterobacter bacteremia.	1991	1892329
bacteriological and protozoal study on domestic water supply in karachi.	four hundred and fifty eight water samples collected from domestic tanks and taps and community taps were analysed for bacterial contamination. faecal pollution was more in domestic tanks and taps in mehmoodabad, korangi and least in water collected from community taps of liaquatabad, korangi and mehmoodabad. bacteria isolated were mostly e. coli, enterobacter sp, klebsiella sp. and a. faecalis, while other organisms (except pseudomonas) were found in lower numbers. salmonella para typhi and par ...	1991	1902529
[clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the internal medicine].	fifty-two patients with moderate or severe infections associated with internal medicine were treated with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (ipm/cs) and the efficacy and the safety of this drug were evaluated. there were 20 patients with pneumonia, 10 with acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory tract infections, 9 with sepsis, 2 with pyothorax, 3 with intraabdominal infection, 2 with urinary tract infection, 1 with pulmonary abscess, 1 with infective endocarditis, 4 with fever of unknown origin. for ...	1991	1920813
[a two-year prospective survey on nosocomial infections].	a two-year randomized prospective survey on nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients of hua shan hospital from 1985 to 1987 was carried out. altogether 1,826 patients were enrolled in the study, the incidence of nosocomial infection being 13.1%. the incidence in dermatology ward was the highest (19.8%), then in order of frequency; medical ward 16.5%, surgical ward 14.8%, ward of neurology 13.7%, ward of neurosurgery 12.7% etc. regarding the location of infection, lower respiratory tract in ...	1991	1650640
aminoglycosides versus beta-lactams in gram-negative pneumonia.	newer beta-lactam antibiotics with high levels of activity against gram-negative aerobic bacilli (including pseudomonas aeruginosa) such as cefoperazone, ceftazidime, imipenem, and aztreonam may be suitable for monotherapy of gram-negative pneumonia. aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin are also highly active against these same organisms and have been more extensively used, but are both ototoxic and nephrotoxic. key therapeutic questions are whether beta-lactams can safel ...	1991	1754734
antibacterial activity of essential oil components.	antibacterial activity of fifteen essential oil components towards food borne staphylococcus sp., micrococcus sp., bacillus sp. and enterobacter sp. was studied by an agar plate technique. cinnamic aldehyde was the most active compound followed by citral, geraniol, eugenol and menthol. at 500 micrograms/ml, cinnamic aldehyde completely inhibited the bacterial growth for more than 30 days at 30 degrees c that was comparable to 200 micrograms/ml of butylated hydroxy anisole (bha). at lower tempera ...	1992	1457292
continuous chitosan hydrolyzate production by immobilized chitosanolytic enzyme from enterobacter sp. g-1.	chitosanolytic enzymes from enterobacter sp. g-1 were immobilized on various carriers to continuously hydrolyze chitosan. four different carriers were tested: fe-3901 (strong basic anion exchange resin, ionic binding), glutaraldehyde-treated fe-4612 (weak basic anion exchange resin, cross-linking), chitopearl (chitosan beads), and alginate calcium. glutaraldehyde-treated fe-4612 and chitopearl immobilized more protein than the others. the enzyme immobilized on fe-3901 had the greatest activity. ...	1992	1369055
[neonatal bacterial meningitis: etiological agents in 109 cases during a 10 year period].	the etiology of purulent meningitis was investigated in 109 newborn infants admitted in a neonatal intensive care unit throughout a ten year period. bacterial pathogens were isolated from the csf in 57 (52.2%) neonates. there was a predominance of gram-negative bacilli isolated in 38 (34.9%) neonates. gram-positive cocci were isolated from csf in only 12 (11.0%) neonates. microorganisms associated with nosocomial septicemia and meningitis in neonates--klebsiella sp, salmonella sp. enterobacter s ...	1992	1308405
bacteriology, drug stability and exchange of percutaneous delivery systems and antibacterial filters in long-term intrathecal infusion of opioid drugs and bupivacaine in "refractory" pain.	to provide a basis for recommendations on the exchange of containers (syringes and cassettes) and antibacterial filters, and for choice of administration device in patients with "refractory" pain treated with long-term percutaneous intrathecal (it) infusions of opioid (morphine or buprenorphine) and bupivacaine mixtures.	1992	1493343
[annual changes of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections and their susceptibility to new quinolone agents].	statistical analyses were conducted on bacterial strains isolated from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections (uti) in the department of urology at aichi medical university from january 1988 through december 1991. the drug sensitivity of the bacterial strains isolated from patients with complicated uti between 1988 and 1991 was analyzed and compared. among the outpatients with uncomplicated uti, a total of 352 strains were isolated. e. coli was isolated the most frequently (90.1%). ...	1992	1336639
in vitro brodimoprim activity on nosocomial bacterial strains.	the activity of brodimoprim, a new diaminopyrimidine, against 385 recent clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli was in vitro tested by the disk sensitivity test (dst) of bauer et al. with disk concentration of 2.5 micrograms and by the agar dilution method. the postantibiotic effect (pae) and the postantibiotic leukocyte killing enhancement (pale) were determined on selected pathogens. the mics were determined with müller hinton ii agar (bd) and a multipoint inoculato ...	1993	8195834
the management of lateral sinus thrombosis.	the standard recommended treatment for lateral sinus thrombosis is intravenous antibiotics. for those that fail, some authors recommend anticoagulant therapy, others internal jugular vein ligation. despite these recommendations, there is still a significant mortality in all reported large series and the main reason this is that the cause of the failure has not been found or investigated. over a six-year-period, from january 1985 to december 1990, 36 patients were admitted with lateral sinus thro ...	1993	8228594
effects of feeding premature infants with lactobacillus gg on gut fermentation.	the study aimed to find out whether gut colonisation of premature babies with a probiotic, lactobacillus gg, modified enteric carbohydrate fermentation. twenty preterm infants were randomised to receive lactobacillus gg 10(8) colony forming units twice a day for two weeks or to a control group. faecal short chain fatty acids (scfas), ethanol, and urinary 2,3-butanediol, were measured in parallel with microbiological studies. lactobacillus gg colonised nine babies. from 1-28 days of age faecal sc ...	1993	8285751
ventral dermatitis and vasculitis in a calf with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency.	dermatitis and vasculitis of the skin covering the sternum of a calf with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency was observed. the calf had been conceived through artificial insemination, delivered by cesarean section, and placed in a gnotobiotic isolator. dermatitis was noticed at 54 days of age and was not responsive to antibiotic or ivermectin treatment. proteus sp, enterobacter sp, and candida tropicalis were isolated from skin specimens. the lesion was characterized by lymphoplasmacytic and h ...	1993	8440633
optimization of novel extracellular polysaccharide production by an enterobacter sp, on wood hydrolysates.	an environmental isolate identified as enterobacter cloacae has been found to produce a highly viscous, anionic extracellular polysaccharide (eps) from a weak mineral acid hydrolysate of hardwood. production of this eps has been optimized on the hydrolysate (initial ph, 6.3; nh(4)cl amendment, 0.1%) so that crude yields approaching 9.83 g/liter were obtained. although this eps is polydisperse, its molecular mass as determined by gel exclusion chromatography centers at approximately 1,700 kda. so ...	1994	16349242
urinary bacteriology of continent urinary reservoirs and calculus formation.	in order to investigate urinary bacteriology in relation to calculus formation in continent urinary reservoirs, a retrospective study was conducted of 19 patients with the kock pouch and 23 patients with the indiana pouch. analysis of a total of 151 urine cultures showed that asymptomatic bacteria (any bacterial count) were present in 92% of urines from the kock pouch and 74% from the indiana pouch. the incidence of organisms and total bacterial counts were similar for both pouches. the most pre ...	1994	7614396
bacterial meningitis in children: etiology and clinical features, an 11-year review of 618 cases.	during the period january 1980 to december 1990 (11 years) a retrospective study of patients with bacterial meningitis who were admitted to bangkok children's hospital was carried out. there were 618 patients with 77 cases (12.5%) occurring below the age of one month (neonatal meningitis), and 541 cases (87.5%) between one month to 15 years (childhood meningitis). pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common pathogenic organism (16.9%) in neonatal meningitis; other causative agents in this age gro ...	1994	7824999
antibiotics, biliary sepsis, and bile duct stones.	bacteriologic studies of bile and blood cultures of 579 patients with ductal stones and infected bile revealed that 121 patients (21%) had associated bacteremia. analysis of bile and stone cultures showed that escherichia coli, klebsiella sp, enterobacter sp, enterococcus sp, and streptococcus sp were the most commonly isolated bacteria. two-thirds of the patients with bacteremia had similar organisms isolated from blood and bile. pharmacokinetic studies of the hepatic/biliary excretion profiles ...	1994	7859970
postoperative endophthalmitis caused by an enterobacter species.	six patients (aged 8 to 75 years) who were operated upon during the same day developed bacterial endophthalmitis on the following day; seven eyes were affected. two patients had intracapsular cataract extraction, one extracapsular lens extraction, two extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation and one repair of bilateral scleral or corneoscleral perforations. vitreous cultures taken from six eyes were positive for an enterobacter sp. despite antibiotic treatment systemi ...	1994	7911482
[antibiotic susceptibility to microorganisms isolated in blood cultures of patients an the ignacio chavez national institute of cardiology].	a microdilution method was utilized for determining susceptibility to several antimicrobial agents in 142 bacterial blood culture isolates obtained during a one year period. associated clinical features were also identified. three cases of polymicrobial bacteriemia were found. endocarditis was the most frequent source of bacteriemia (28.5%) and the viridans streptococci were the most frequently isolated microorganism (53%). surprisingly, half of the bacteriemic episodes corresponded to a nosocom ...	1994	7973153
evaluation of rapid one system for identification of 379 strains in the family enterobacteriaceae and oxidase-negative, gram-negative nonfermenters.	the ability of the rapid one system (innovative diagnostic systems, inc., norcross, ga.) to identify 364 strains in the family enterobacteriaceae and 15 oxidase-negative, gram-negative, nonfermentative rods was evaluated. kits were inoculated with no. 2 mcfarland standard suspensions, and reactions were interpreted after 4 h of incubation at 35 degrees c. overall, the method correctly identified (to the species level or to the genus level for salmonellas and non-shigella sonnei shigella species) ...	1994	8027345
microbiological studies of abscesses complicating bothrops snakebite in humans: a prospective study.	forty patients with abscesses at the site of bothrops bite were evaluated. ten brought the snake responsible for the bite, bothrops jararaca in all cases. on admission a sample was collected from each case for aerobic and anaerobic culture, and no abscesses drained spontaneously. none of the patients had received antibacterial therapy at this time. the bacteria most frequently isolated were morganella morganii (23 patients), providencia rettgeri (7) enterobacter sp. (4), escherichia coli (3), gr ...	1994	7940580
["dermomedium" test for evaluation of microorganism count from utilizable surfaces and skin].	the study was aimed at determination of usefulness of a set "dip-slide" for quantitative evaluation of bacterial contamination of skin and utilizable surfaces in comparison with traditional methods of taking smears. investigation were carried on by application of test strains of e. coli, p. aeruginosa, p. mirabilis, enterobacter sp. and s. aureus. it was established that application of the set "dermomedium" brings results comparable to traditional methods, but is cheaper and easier in practice.	1994	7967927
[resistance to imipenem in enterobacter aerogenes].	in june, 1993, an enterobacter aerogenes strain was isolated in the hospital de la creu roja from hospitalet de llobregat (barcelona), which was resistant against all beta-lactams, including imipenem. since is unusual in enterobacter sp. to isolate imipenem resistant strains, we decided to study its resistance mechanism.	1995	7779892
resistance patterns to beta-lactams and quinolones in clinical isolates of bacteria from cuban hospitals.	the resistance patterns to 26 beta-lactams and 8 quinolones of clinical isolates from cuban hospitals were evaluated using the disk susceptibility test, according to the nccls guidelines (1992). the genera studied were escherichia sp (320), enterobacter sp (10), klebsiella sp (90), proteus sp (10), pseudomonas sp (90), serratia sp (20), and staphylococcus sp (80). higher resistance to beta-lactams was observed in the genera pseudomonas, escherichia and klebsiella. for fluoroquinolones we found n ...	1995	7490170
infections in children with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an autopsy study of 30 cases in south florida, 1990-1993.	thirty autopsies performed on infants and children with hiv infection and/or aids were reviewed for the presence and type of infection. twenty-six (87%) demonstrated evidence of infection in addition to hiv at the time of postmortem examination. pathogenic bacterial infectious were the most frequently encountered, seen in 15 of the cases. nine of the 15 (60%) were due to gram-negative rods, most commonly pseudomonas aeruginosa. infections with gram-negative organisms often involved multiple orga ...	1995	8597814
resistance to antibiotics in gram-negative rods from clinical material of hospital and community origin.	the authors examined the resistance to 13 antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents by the diluting micromethod and the routine disk method in the group of 5375 gram-negative strains of 7 genera which prevailed in clinical material of an hospital (fn olomouc) and in material of community (ohs olomouc) provenance during the years 1992 and 1993. in the majority of cases, the resistance was more frequent in the strains isolated from the hospital material. the most remarkable differences were found in ...	1995	8686556
nosocomial infections among neonates in high-risk nurseries in the united states. national nosocomial infections surveillance system.	nosocomial infections result in considerable morbidity and mortality among neonates in high-risk nurseries (hrns).	1996	8784356
the detection of verocytotoxins in bacterial cultures from human diarrhoeal samples with monoclonal antibody-based elisas.	bacterial cultures from 1801 human diarrhoeal faecal specimens were examined for verocytotoxins i and ii by monoclonal antibody-based sandwich elisas. of the 68 elisa-positive cultures selected from initial screening, 32 were positive by elisa on repeat or from freshly grown cultures. elisa-positive pure cultures were obtained from 13 of these, of which seven were confirmed as verocytotoxin positive by cytotoxicity assay. these seven strains were typed as o26 (5) and o146 (2). the six false posi ...	1996	8606355
[kinetics of bactericidal activity of cefepime and cefpirome alone or combined with gentamicin, amikacin or ciprofloxacin against acinetobacter baumannii, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and enterobacter cloacae hyperproductive in cephalosporinase].	nosocomial infections encountered in intensive care units are frequently due to gram negative bacilli among which stenotrophomonas maltophilia, acinetobacter sp., and enterobacter sp. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro bactericidal activity of the new broad spectrum cephalosporins cefepime (fep) and cefpirome (cpo) alone or in combination with amikacin (akn), gentamicin (gtn) or ciprofloxacin (cip) against acinetobacter baumannii, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and enterobac ...	1996	8758478
[variation in transfer resistance to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam in strains of acinetobacter sp., enterobacter sp. and citrobacter sp. isolated from the same university hospitals].	in the last decade were in sr documented new problems in resistance to the newer antibiotics that with regard to their structure and antibacterial properties resisted to the known mechanism of bacterial resistance. the emergence of multiple drug resistance to the new betalactams is connected both with frequent application of these drugs in the hospitals and transfer of r plasmids.	1996	8681362
a prospective study of gram-negative bacteremia in children.	hospital- and community-acquired gram-negative bacteremia is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in pediatric medical centers. gram-negative organisms are isolated in > 50% of pediatric patients with bacteremia.	1996	8822283
the origin, by mutation, of high level resistance to ceftazidime and cefotaxime in a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae.	although strains of enterobacter sp. produce a chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase, they have been, in general, susceptible to cefotaxime or ceftazidime. but now resistance to ceftazidime has increased in nosocomial enterobacter strains, reaching the level of 40%. a chromosomal mutation in the amp operon coding the production of ampc type beta-lactamase may cause a change in the conversion of a susceptible strain of enterobacter to a highly resistant mutant. the production of ampc enzyme is inducibl ...	1996	8873831
[epidemiology of nosocomial infections in a second level hospital].	to determine the incidence, specific rates, areas of greatest risk and causal agents of nosocomial infections at the hospital general de durango, of the secretaría de salud, mexico.	1997	9092095
treatment of permcath-related sepsis in uremic patients.	patients who use permcath as the vascular access for long-term hemodialysis are occasionally confronted with catheter-related infections. recently, we have treated 17 patients suffering from permcath-related sepsis. the clinical presenting features were leukocytosis in 14/17, high fever and shaking chill during dialysis in 12/17, and signs of exit site infection in 3/17. no shock was found. all patients received clinical evaluation to exclude infection sources other than from blood and inside th ...	1997	9109302
controlled comparison of biomérieux vital and bactec nr-660 systems for detection of bacteremia and fungemia in pediatric patients.	the biomérieux vital automated blood culture system measures a decrease in fluorescence to detect the presence of microorganisms in blood. to assess the performance of vital with aer aerobic medium versus that of the nonradiometric bactec nr-660 peds plus medium for the detection of sepsis in children, a total of 12,146 blood specimens were collected at three university medical centers and inoculated into aer and peds plus bottles that were weighed before and after filling. the sample volumes we ...	1997	9230371
evaluation of the in vitro activity of cefepime compared to other broad-spectrum cephalosporins against clinical isolates from eighteen brazilian hospitals by using the etest.	the in vitro activity of cefepime was compared to that of ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime in a multicenter study involving 10 clinical microbiology laboratories and clinical isolates from 18 brazilian hospitals from 7 cities (4 states). a total of 982 isolates consecutively collected between december 1995 and march 1996 were susceptibility tested by using etest and following the nccls procedures for agar diffusion tests. the cefepime spectrum was broader than that of the other broad-spe ...	1997	9239500
[infection by strongyloides stercoralis in the county of safor, spain].	strongyloides stercoralis is an endemic nematode in tropical and subtropical regions, but almost unknown in spain.	1997	9289550
[evaluation of in vitro activity of new fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins and carbapenems against 569 gram-negative bacteria].	evaluation of the in vitro activity of new fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins and carbapenems against gram-negative bacteria.	1997	9336049
[treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in the elderly].	sixty outpatients at the age of 65 to 75 years with exacerbated chronic bronchitis were treated with antibiotics: amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (20 patients), cefaclor (20 patients) and ciprofloxacin (20 patients). the treatment course in all the cases was 5 days. bacteriological tests of the sputum specimens and estimation of the isolate antibiotic susceptibility by the disk diffusion method were applied to all the patients before and after the treatment. 73 per cent of the patients had mixed inf ...	1997	9480649
[the effect of cefepime on ceftazidime, cefotaxime and imipenem resistant strains of acinetobacter, xanthomonas, pseudomonas, flavobacterium, sphingobacterium and on producers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) with resistance transfer].	the new cephalosporins with heterocyclic positively charged substituent at position c3 belong to the 4th generation cephalosporins. it is not evident, whereas these antibiotics are effective against cefotaxime-ceftazidime-resistant bacteria. we investigated the efficiency of the cefepime (maxipime, bms) against acinetobacter sp., x. maltophilia, pseudomonas sp., flavobacterium sp., sphingobacterium sp. and against strains with production of esbl (extended spectrum beta-lactamases) (enterobacter ...	1997	9221190
bacterial isolates from indigenous weaning foods in rural ethiopian setting, jimma zone, south west ethiopia.	a community based bacteriological study of weaning foods was conducted from november 1994 to august 1995 in six peasant associations, jimma zone. the households in the study community were found to be in poor sanitary conditions with cattle and pets living in the same room with humans, and the community gets water from unprotected sources. the predominant weaning foods in the study community were cereals. these and other foods given to weaning age children were found to be grossly contaminated, ...	1997	9577010
improvement of arbuscular mycorrhiza development by inoculation of soil with phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria to improve rock phosphate bioavailability ((sup32)p) and nutrient cycling.	the interactive effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi on plant use of soil p sources of low bioavailability (endogenous or added as rock phosphate [rp] material) was evaluated by using soil microcosms which integrated (sup32)p isotopic dilution techniques. the microbial inocula consisted of the am fungus glomus intraradices and two phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacterial isolates: enterobacter sp. and bacillus subtilis. these rhizobacteria behaved as "myco ...	1997	16535730
sensorial and microbial effects of gaseous ozone on fresh scad (trachurus trachurus).	the bactericidal activity of gaseous ozone was investigated using a commercial ozone generator. five species of fish bacteria, pseudomonas putida, shewanella putrefaciens, brochothrix thermosphacta, enterobacter sp. and lactobacillus plantarum, were inoculated on agar surfaces and exposed to different ozonation times in a gas chamber. results showed ozone in relatively low concentrations (< 0.27 x 10(-3) g l-1) was an effective bactericide of vegetative cells of the five fish bacteria. the age o ...	1998	9674134
cocaine and lidocaine with phenylephrine as topical anesthetics: antimicrobial activity against common nasal pathogens.	topical anesthetics are commonly used in the evaluation of nasal pathology. the anesthetics routinely used, 4% lidocaine with phenylephrine, or 4% cocaine, have been demonstrated to have varying inhibitory effects on bacterial cultures. the present study examined the antimicrobial activity of these topical anesthetics used in nasal procedures. the pathogens used were branhamella catarrhalis, enterobacter sp., haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus a ...	1998	9693473
the relationship between the duration of platelet storage and the development of transfusion reactions.	the incidence of platelet transfusion reactions may depend partly on the length of storage. the influence of reactions on the effectiveness of platelet transfusions is not known.	1998	9563401
results of quantitative cultures of urine by free catch and catheterization from healthy adult horses.	quantitative urine cultures were performed on 11 male and 11 female healthy adult horses. urine was collected by free catch and catheterization using standard methods. results showed that all samples collected by free catch contained less than 20,000 colony-forming units (cfu)/ml. all samples collected by catheterization contained 500 cfu/ml or less. a significant difference was found between collection methods (p < .005), with catheterization having less contamination. in samples collected by f ...	1998	9560762
[the etiology of nosocomial infection in surgery: comparison of 2 years (1988 and 1996)].	nosocomial infections (ni) make up an important problem in public health care. from an etiologic point of view they are characterized by their constant evolution over time. thus, the aim of this study was to know the etiologic variations of ni in the surgery departments of a university hospital.	1998	9586365
bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with bloodstream infection: frequencies of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (united states and canada, 1997).	the sentry program was established in january 1997 to measure the predominant pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns of nosocomial and community-acquired infections over a broad network of sentinel hospitals in the united states (30 sites), canada (8 sites), south america (10 sites), and europe (24 sites). during the first 6-month study period (january to june 1997), a total of 5,058 bloodstream infections (bsi) were reported by north american sentry participants (4,119 from the united ...	1998	9661018
teicoplanin in the prevention of infection in total hip replacement.	perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis has been shown to be effective in reducing postoperative wound infections. the rising incidence of infections secondary to methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus. s. epidermidis and s. enterococcal prompted us to administer teicoplanin to infection in elective total joint arthroplasty. in 111 patients teicoplanin was given in a single intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg prior to surgery. in the postoperative period no deep infection of the prosthetic ...	1998	9833102
type i beta-lactamases of enterobacter cloacae and resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.	the interaction of type-i beta-lactamases from enterobacter cloacae with diverse beta-lactam compounds was examined. the ability of penicillin and cefoxitin to induce beta-lactamase production in this strain was assessed. the effect of beta-lactamase inhibitors was measured on beta-lactamase extracts and on intact cells. e. cloacae 78 strain is a stably derepressed mutant showing limited susceptibility to a number of antibiotics except imipenem. imipenem would therefore be the appropriate choice ...	1998	10069013
risk factors for developing peritonitis caused by micro-organisms of enteral origin in peritoneal dialysis patients.	to investigate the risk factors associated with the development of peritonitis caused by enteral bacteria in peritoneal dialysis patients, including the prescription of gastric acid inhibitors as a potential risk factor.	1998	9527028
[enterobacter amnigenus. an unusual human pathogen].	enterobacter amnigenus is a bacteria with doubtful pathogenicity. the observation of a patient with a well-documented e. amnigenus infection has prompted us to review the pathology caused by this microorganism.	1998	9835151
purification, characterization and gene analysis of n-acetylglucosaminidase from enterobacter sp. g-1.	enterobacter sp. g-1 is a bacterium isolated previously as a chitinase-producing bacterium. we found this bacterium also produced n-acetylglucosaminidase and characterized that in this study. extracellular n-acetylglucosaminidase of 92.0 kda was purified near homogeneity by 8.57-fold from enterobacter sp. g-1. the optimum temperature and the optimum ph of the purified n-acetylglucosaminidase was 45 degrees c and 6.0, respectively. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of 23 residues of n-acetylgluc ...	1999	10478453
[microbiological study of gallbladder bile in a high risk zone for gallbladder cancer].	gallbladder cancer is frequent in chile and there is sparse information about the association between this type of cancer and the presence of bacteria in the gallbladder bile.	1999	10752267
[sepsis in childhood: epidemiological profile and microbiologic diagnosis]	objective: to establish an etiological and epidemiological profile of sepsis among children that were hospitalized in the hospital infantil albert sabin - hias (a reference public hospital for all pediatric diseases in the state of ceará), since this disease has been of high prevalence in this hospital with considerable mortality. methods: all children admitted in the hospital from january 1993 to june 1994, who presented sepsis or developed nosocomial sepsis and presented positive blood culture ...	1999	14685562
in vitro evaluation of g1: a novel antimicrobial compound.	g1 (1-[5-bromofur-2-il]-2-bromo-2-nitroethene) is a novel antimicrobial compound developed in cuba with reported broadspectrum activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria, yeasts and fungi. a compound of this nature may have considerable therapeutic potential. we tested the in vitro activity of this novel compound against 3595 organisms using microbroth dilution. the following are mic50, mic90 and range respectively for some of the microorganisms tested: e. coli 16, 16, 4 32; klebsiell ...	1999	10221421
[urinary tract infection and antibiotic sensitivity in the south of albacete, spain].	describing the bacteriological map of the urinary tract infections (uti) in our area including intra and extrahospitalized patients during 1997.	1999	10389308
sub-mic ciprofloxacin effect on fimbrial production by uropathogenic escherichia coli strains.	the urine from 210 patients with acute urinary tract infection (uti) was examined to study the in vitro effect of ciprofloxacin on fimbriae production by uropathogenic escherichia coli isolates. forty-nine bacterial samples of density 10(5) cfu/ml were not considered. from the resulting 161 samples, e. coli was the major strain found, present in 54 samples. other microoganisms found were: enterococcus sp. (34 samples), staphylococcus epidermis (22), yeasts (11), proteus sp. (11), pseudomonas sp. ...	1999	10632381
early detection of bacteremia in the neonatal intensive care unit using the new bactec system.	with the newer techniques of culture analysis such as the bactec 9240 fluorometric detection system, detecting bacteremia in the neonate may be possible in a significantly shorter time. we hypothesized that neonatal bacteremia can be detected in less than 48 hours by this method.	1999	10642974
[participation of multiresistant gram-negative rods in systemic infections of newborns treated in the neonatal clinics of the university hospital in krakow in 1993-1997].	results of blood cultures in 1187 newborns hospitalized in the department of neonatology, university hospital in kraków in furing the last five years were analysed. a trial of monitoring the presence of multi-resistant strains of enterobacteriaceae with new mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics as well as analysed of their antibiotics susceptibility patterns were undertaken. surprisingly high percentage of gram-negative rods e. cloacae and k. pneumoniae strains resistant to the 3rd generation ...	1999	10789184
bacterial cholecystitis with cardiac and pulmonary dissemination in a blue-naped mousebird (urocolius macrourus).	a blue-naped mousebird (urocolius macrourus) was diagnosed by gross necropsy and histopathology as having a chronic, fibrosing bacterial cholecystitis. acute, severe, necrotizing pneumonia and myocarditis also were present with intralesional gram-negative bacteria. the bacteria within the lungs and heart were suspected to have spread from the biliary tract because of the pattern of distribution and similar gram-staining characteristics. enterobacter sp. and escherichia coli were cultured from th ...	2000	10879929
fulminant late-onset sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit, 1988-1997, and the impact of avoiding empiric vancomycin therapy.	to determine the pathogens associated with fulminant (lethal within 48 hours) late-onset sepsis (occurring after 3 days of age) in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) and the frequency of fulminant late-onset sepsis for the most common pathogens.	2000	11099593
remaining small bowel length: association with catheter sepsis in patients receiving home total parenteral nutrition: evidence of bacterial translocation.	patients with short bowel syndrome (sbs) receiving total parenteral nutrition (tpn) have a high incidence of catheter-related sepsis, one of its major complications. the aim of this study was to correlate the length of remaining small bowel (rsb) with septic episodes related to the central venous catheter in a group of patients with severe sbs with home tpn. the length of the rsb (<50 cm or > or = 50 cm) was related to the frequency of catheter sepsis, time until the first episode, and the agent ...	2000	11193720
release of complement regulatory proteins from ocular surface cells in infections.	the decay accelerating factor (daf or cd55) and the membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (mirl or cd59), two complement regulatory proteins that protect self cells from autologous complement-mediated injury, are attached to corneal and cqonjunctival epithelial cells by glycosylphos-phatidylinositol (gpi) anchors. we sought to 1) determine the frequency with which bacteria recovered from patients with infections of the eye elaborate factors that can remove these surface proteins from ocular cells ...	2000	11262607
[hospital acquired pneumonia--analysis of frequency and etiology in polish hospitals in 1998].	hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap) is one of the most frequently occurring hospital infections in the world. this study describes the incidence of hap in poland, as well as the specific risk factors leading to this type of infection in polish hospitals; including those of patient age, length of hospitalization, and use of mechanical ventilation. the epidemiology of hap as well as treatment resistance of various causal organisms was studied. data for this study was acquired from the registry of ho ...	2000	11349588
[the resistance of recent clinical isolates against isepamycin, other aminoglycosides and injectable beta-lactams].	clinical isolates collected from clinical facilities across japan in 1998 were tested against five aminoglycosides and three beta-lactams. the resistance of 50 strains each of methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter sp., serratia sp., pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus sp. (p. mirabilis 25 strains and p. vulgaris 25 strains) to the amino ...	2000	10709145
incidence and susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria vary between intensive care units within a single hospital: implications for empiric antibiotic strategies.	the purpose of this study was to determine whether the incidence of recovery and patterns of antibiotic susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria vary between intensive care units (icus) in a single teaching hospital.	2000	11038080
prevalence and growth of pathogens on salad vegetables, fruits and sprouts.	a total of 120 samples, comprising different types of raw vegetables (seven), fruits (three) and sprouts (three) obtained from street vendors, were tested for aerobic plate count, coliform count and various food-borne pathogens. average aerobic plate counts for salad vegetables, fruits and sprouts were greater than 10(10) cfu/g and 10(9) cfu/g respectively. pathogens isolated were s. aureus, e. coli, enterobacter sp., klebsiella sp., s. typhi, serratia sp., providencia sp. and p. aeruginosa. the ...	2001	11279816
reduction in colonization and nosocomial infection by multiresistant bacteria in a neonatal unit after institution of educational measures and restriction in the use of cephalosporins.	previous administration of third-generation cephalosporins predisposes to colonization and infections by multiresistant enterobacter sp. the emergence of multiresistant bacteria infections in a neonatal unit during 1995, especially enterobacter cloacae, stimulated this study.	2001	11391273
comparison of the antimicrobial tolerance of oxytetracycline-resistant heterotrophic bacteria isolated from hospital sewage and freshwater fishfarm water in belgium.	the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between antimicrobial tolerance and taxonomic diversity among the culturable oxytetracycline-resistant (ot(r)) heterotrophic bacterial population in two belgian aquatic sites receiving wastewater either from human medicine or from aquaculture. the study of ot(r) heterotrophs and mesophilic aeromonas spp. allowed comparison of tolerance data at the intergenus as well as at the intragenus level. in total, 354 independently obtained ot(r) is ...	2001	11403391
evaluation of culture media for enrichment and isolation of shigella sonnei and s. flexneri.	the performance of gram-negative (gn) broth with (10 microg/ml) and without novobiocin, shigella broth (sb) with 0.5 and 3.0 microg/ml novobiocin, all incubated at 37 degrees c (sb with 3.0 microg/ml novobiocin also at 42 degrees c) and buffered brilliant green bile glucose (ee) broth with 1.0 microg/ml novobiocin incubated at 37 and 42 degrees c were evaluated for resuscitation and growth of shigella sonnei and s. flexneri (eight strains; unstressed, chill-stressed and acid-stressed) and non-sh ...	2001	11764191
[etiological factors of urinary tract infections in children].	etiological factors of urinary tract infection in children have been studied. the escherichia coli, klebsiella sp., enterococcus sp. and enterobacter sp. were the most often isolated bacteria from infant and baby urine. in this age group of patients uromycoses were also affirmed. from the urine of older children (1-18 years old) mainly escherichia coli, enterococcus sp., proteus sp. and morganella morganii have been raised. uropathogens' occurrence was analysed by a statistical method in the rel ...	2001	11852813
[correlation of 55 samples of contact lens fluid and direct swabbings of the eye surface of symptomatic wearers of contact lenses].	the microbiological examination of contact lens storage solutions may reveal the etiological organisms responsible for keratitis and additionally harbour environmental contaminants.	2001	11552415
microbial decolourisation of pulp and paper mill effluent in presence of nitrogen and phosphorus by activated sludge process.	the effect of ph, nutrient and aeration was studied on the removal of colour and reduction of bod, cod and heavy metals with addition of readily available source of nitrogen and phosphorus in concentration of 1.0 g/l. recalcitrant compound was effectively degraded by active microbial consortia. the isolated bacteria were identified as pseudomonas putida (s1), citrobacter sp. (s4) and enterobacter sp. (s5). these organisms not only decolourised effluent upto 97% but reduced bod, cod, phenolics an ...	2001	11480347
significance of fever in jamaican patients with homozygous sickle cell disease.	to investigate the cause and outcome of high fever in jamaican children with homozygous sickle cell disease.	2001	11159294
oozing ostrich egg: omphalitis caused by enterobacter sp.		2002	11910395
the activity of p-methoxybenzylisothiocyanate against neisseria gonorrhoeae, haemophilus ducreyi, and other microorganisms.	p-methoxybenzylisothiocyanate was isolated from lepidium bonariense and found to be responsible for the plants antimicrobial and std activity. mic determinations were conducted for p-methoxybenzylisothiocyanate on haemophilus ducreyi, neisseria gonorrheae, candida albicans, bacillus subtilus, micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, enterobacter sp., escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and psuedomanas aeruginosa. an in vitro cellular toxicity assay showed that at 100 microm (17,9 microg/m ...	2002	12161151
[the solubilization of four insoluble phosphates by some microorganisms].	four insoluble phosphates of ferric phosphate (fe-p), aluminum phosphate (al-p), fluorapatite (fap) and rock phosphate (rp) were used as a sole phosphorus resource for some phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms. it was found that there was significant difference in solubilizing these phosphates by the tested isolates. the fungi normally were more powerful than the bacteria in dissolving the phsophates. the microorganisms generally solubilized more phosphate when supplied with no3- than with nh4+ ...	2002	12557403
changing pattern of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.	adequate infection prophylaxis and empirical antibiotic therapy are of critical importance after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). we examined the evolution of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics in 492 patients (198 allografts and 294 autografts) transplanted between 1982 and 1999 and evaluated whether ciprofloxacin prophylaxis and an empirical antibiotic regimen (glycopeptide + third-generation cephalosporin) were still valid. we collected all susceptibility tests performed d ...	2002	11979308
[evaluation of microecology of colonic contents in patients with chronic pancreatitis].	the paper deals with microbiocenosis in the colonic content in 60 patients with chronic pancreatitis during its exacerbation. an analysis has indicated that in the colonic content there are the following microorganisms: bifidobacterium sp., 10(8)-10(10) cfu/g; lactobacillus sp., 10(1)-10(5) cfu/g; escherichia coli, 10(8)-10(10) cfu/g; enterococcus faecalis, 10(6)-10(10) cfu/g; enterococcus faecium, 10(6)-10(10) cfu/g; the family enterobacteriaceae (mainly klebsiella-enterobacter sp.), 10(1)-10(6 ...	2002	12046331
nosocomial infections in an intensive care unit in a private hospital.	the nosocomial infection rate in the intensive care unit (icu) of a private hospital was assessed during an 18-month survey. from 629 admissions to the icu, 139 hospital-acquired infections were identified. the rate was 22.1% compared to the overall nosocomial infection rate of 15.3% for the entire hospital. in the icu, the main infections occurred in the respiratory tract, 41 (29.5%), followed by surgical wounds, 35 (25.2%), urinary tract, 28 (20.1%) and the blood stream, 24 (17.3%). from 165 b ...	2002	12089869
functional expression of chitinase and chitosanase, and their effects on morphologies in the yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe.	the chitinase a (chia) gene from enterobacter sp. g-1 and the chitosanase a (choa) gene from matsuebacter chitosanotabidus 3001 were expressed separately and simultaneously in the yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe. the chia gene was placed under the transcriptional control of the nmt1 promoter with the glutathione s transferase (gst), and the choa gene was expressed by the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) promoter with the p factor secretion signal (p3). the expressed proteins of choa and gst-chia wer ...	2002	12092833
esp1396i restriction-modification system: structural organization and mode of regulation.	esp1396i restriction-modification (rm) system recognizes an interrupted palindromic dna sequence 5'-cca(n)(5)tgg-3'. the esp1396i rm system was found to reside on pesp1396, a 5.6 kb plasmid naturally occurring in enterobacter sp. strain rfl1396. the nucleotide sequence of the entire 5622 bp pesp1396 plasmid was determined on both strands. identified genes for dna methyltransferase (esp1396im) and restriction endonuclease (esp1396ir) are transcribed convergently. the restriction endonuclease gene ...	2003	12527784
asymmetric synthesis of l-homophenylalanine by equilibrium-shift using recombinant aromatic l-amino acid transaminase.	l-homophenylalanine (l-hpa) was asymmetrically synthesized from 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyric acid (2-opba) and l-aspartate using a recombinant aromatic amino acid transaminase (aroat). to screen microorganisms having such an l-specific aroat with a relaxed substrate inhibition in the asymmetric synthesis of unnatural amino acids, enrichment cultures were performed in a minimal media containing 50 mm l-hpa as a sole nitrogen source. to reduce the intracellular background synthetic activity by amino acid ...	2003	12768628