| role of axial ligands in the reactivity of mn peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | site-directed mutagenesis was performed on mn peroxidase (mnp) from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium to investigate the role of the axial ligand hydrogen-bonding network on heme reactivity. d242 is hydrogen bonded to the proximal his of mnp; in other peroxidases, this conserved asp, in turn, is hydrogen bonded to a trp. in mnp and other fungal peroxidases, the trp is replaced by a phe (f190). both residues are thought to have a direct influence on the electronic environment of th ... | 1999 | 10423238 |
| studies on keratinophilic fungi. xi. chrysosporium undulatum sp. nov. | chrysosporium undulatum sp. nov., showing intermediate characteristics between chrysosporium and malbranchea, is described and illustrated. this taxon is characterised by long and curved to loosely coiled hyphal appendages, deflected to wavy fertile hyphae forming dense tufts and small, subglobose, frequently intercalary, verrucose conidia. restriction enzyme analysis and comparison of sequences of the its1-5.8s-its2 ribosomal dna region of the most similar species strongly support this proposal ... | 1999 | 10427405 |
| transformation of macromolecules from a brown coal by lignin peroxidase | indirect evidence has suggested that lignin peroxidase (lip) of the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium catalyses oxidative decolourisation and depolymerisation of macromolecules from brown coal in vivo. in this study we show that lip catalyses these transformations in vitro. unmethylated (usc45 coal) and methylated (mwsc6 coal) fractions of solubilised macromolecules (m(r) > 30,000) from a brown coal were treated with a semi-purified preparation of lip isozymes from p. chrysosporium. b ... | 1999 | 10461372 |
| direct probing of the surface ultrastructure and molecular interactions of dormant and germinating spores of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | atomic force microscopy (afm) has been used to probe, under physiological conditions, the surface ultrastructure and molecular interactions of spores of the filamentous fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. high-resolution images revealed that the surface of dormant spores was uniformly covered with rodlets having a periodicity of 10 +/- 1 nm, which is in agreement with earlier freeze-etching measurements. in contrast, germinating spores had a very smooth surface partially covered with rough granu ... | 1999 | 10464206 |
| arginine 177 is involved in mn(ii) binding by manganese peroxidase. | site-directed mutations r177a and r177k in the gene encoding manganese peroxidase isozyme 1 (mnp1) from phanerochaete chrysosporium were generated. the mutant enzymes were expressed in p. chrysosporium during primary metabolic growth under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene promoter, purified to homogeneity, and characterized by spectroscopic and kinetic methods. the uv-vis spectra of the ferric and oxidized states and resonance raman spectra of the ferric state wer ... | 1999 | 10471300 |
| chrysosporium parvum keratomycosis. | to report a case of corneal infection with chrysosporium parvum, a filamentous fungus usually associated with pulmonary infections. | 1999 | 10487440 |
| extracellular oxidative enzyme production and pah removal in soil by exploratory mycelium of white rot fungi. | selected strains of three species of white rot fungi, pleurotus ostreatus, phanerochaete chrysosporium and trametes versicolor, were grown in sterilized soil from straw inocula. the respective colonization rates and mycelium density values decreased in the above mentioned order. three- and four-ringed pahs at 50 ppm inhibited growth of fungi in soil to some extent. the activities of fungal mnp and laccase (units per g dry weight of straw or soil), extracted with 50 mm succinate-lactate buffer (p ... | 1999 | 10492884 |
| design and scale up of a process for manganese peroxidase production using the hypersecretory strain phanerochaete chrysosporium i-1512. | manganese peroxidase (mnp) production was performed in a airlift bioreactor in which phanerochaete chrysosporium i-1512, an mnp hypersecretory strain, was immobilized on a stainless steel mesh. production was scaled up from a 2.5-l bench scale to a 100-l bioreactor. the yield of mnp was increased 2-fold and reached 6600 u l(-1). these results indicate the feasibility of mnp production on a medium scale, which promises sufficient mnp availability for its use in pulp bleaching at industrial scale. | 1999 | 10506422 |
| induction of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and suppression of veratryl alcohol biosynthesis by exogenously added l-phenylalanine in a white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium | the effects of exogenously added l-phenylalanine (l-phe) on the activities of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) and 3, 4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol (veratryl alcohol, va) biosynthesis in ligninolytic cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium were investigated. increasing pal activity was detected in low nitrogen (ln) culture but not in high nitrogen (hn) culture. the addition of l-phe into the ln culture caused a 25-fold increase in enzyme activity, which clearly shows that l-phe, a substrate of th ... | 1999 | 10518730 |
| metabolism of the phthalocyanine textile dye remazol turquoise blue by phanerochaete chrysosporium | the ability of a strain of phanerochaete chrysosporium to decolourise the commercially important copper-phthalocyanine dye remazol turquoise blue was investigated. the fungus was found to completely decolourise the dye at a concentration of 200 mg l(-1) within 7 days. high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and polarographic analysis of culture supernatants indicated that degradation of the dye structure was occurring with the detection of one major organic breakdown product and the releas ... | 1999 | 10518734 |
| discrimination between enantioselective and non-selective binding sites on cellobiohydrolase-based stationary phases by site specific competing ligands. | a systematic study was performed to investigate the influence of cellobiose or lactose on the enantioselective retention behaviour of some beta-blockers in liquid chromatography using cellobiohydrolase (chb) i from trichoderma reesei or cellobiohydrolase 58 from phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilized on silica as stationary phases. the results revealed that the retention could be described by the function [equation; see text] where the observed capacity factor corresponds to the sum of an enant ... | 1999 | 10536829 |
| reversible alkaline inactivation of lignin peroxidase involves the release of both the distal and proximal site calcium ions and bishistidine co-ordination of the haem. | phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase isoenzyme h2 (lip h2) exhibits a transition to a stable, inactive form at ph 9.0 with concomitant spectroscopic changes. the söret peak intensity decreases some 55% with a red shift from 408 to 412 nm; the bands at 502 nm and 638 nm disappear and the peak at 536 nm increases. the epr spectrum changes from a signal typical of high spin ferric haem to an exclusively low spin spectrum with g=2.92, 2.27, 1.50. these data indicate that the active pentaco- ... | 1999 | 10548556 |
| n-propanol as a substrate for assaying the ligninperoxidase activity of phanerochaete chrysoporium. | the steady state kinetics of ligninperoxidase catalysed reaction using n-propanol as the organic substrate and monitoring the formation of propanaldehyde at lambda = 300 nm spectrophotometerically as functions of different reaction parameters has been studied. it has been concluded that n-propanol can be used as a substrate for analysing the activity of ligninperoxidase. the turnover number of ligninperoxidase of phanerochaete chrysosporium using n-propanol as substrate has been found to be high ... | 1999 | 10549159 |
| extracellular mannose-6-phosphatase of phanerochaete chrysosporium: a lignin peroxidase-modifying enzyme. | the lignin peroxidase (lip) isozyme profile of the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium changes markedly with culture age. this change occurs extracellularly and results from enzymatic dephosphorylation of lip isozymes. in this study, a novel mannose 6-phosphatase (m6pase) from extracellular culture fluid filtrate of p. chrysosporium, shown to be responsible for the extracellular postranslational modification of lip, was purified and characterized. in vitro incubation of the purified m6p ... | 1999 | 10562422 |
| disruption of seven hypothetical aryl alcohol dehydrogenase genes from saccharomyces cerevisiae and construction of a multiple knock-out strain. | by in silicio analysis, we have discovered that there are seven open reading frames (orfs) in saccharomyces cerevisiae whose protein products show a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity to the aryl alcohol dehydrogenase (aad) of the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. yeast cultures grown to stationary phase display a significant aryl alcohol dehydrogenase activity by degrading aromatic aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols. to study the biochemical and the biological ... | 1999 | 10572264 |
| analysis of the seven-member aad gene set demonstrates that genetic redundancy in yeast may be more apparent than real. | saccharomyces cerevisiae has seven genes encoding proteins with a high degree (>85%) of amino-acid sequence identity to the aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase of the lignin-degrading, filamentous fungus, phanerochaete chrysosporium. all but one member of this gene set are telomere associated. moreover, all contain a sequence similar to the dna-binding site of the yap1p transcriptional activator either upstream of or within their coding sequences. the expression of the aad genes was found to be induced b ... | 1999 | 10581269 |
| lignin-modifying enzymes of the white rot basidiomycete ganoderma lucidum. | ganoderma lucidum, a white rot basidiomycete widely distributed worldwide, was studied for the production of the lignin-modifying enzymes laccase, manganese-dependent peroxidase (mnp), and lignin peroxidase (lip). laccase levels observed in high-nitrogen (hn; 24 mm n) shaken cultures were much greater than those seen in low-nitrogen (2.4 mm n), malt extract, or wood-grown cultures and those reported for most other white rot fungi to date. laccase production was readily seen in cultures grown wit ... | 1999 | 10583981 |
| identification of catalytic residues in glyoxal oxidase by targeted mutagenesis. | glyoxal oxidase is a copper metalloenzyme produced by the wood-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium as an essential component of its extracellular lignin degradation pathways. previous spectroscopic studies on glyoxal oxidase have demonstrated that it contains a free radical-coupled copper active site remarkably similar to that found in another fungal metalloenzyme, galactose oxidase. alignment of primary structures has allowed four catalytic residues of glyoxal oxidase to be targeted for site ... | 1999 | 10593910 |
| biochemical characterization, cdna cloning and protein crystallization of aryl-alcohol oxidase from pleurotus pulmonarius. | aryl-alcohol oxidase (aao) involved in lignin degradation by pleurotus pulmonarius has been purified and characterized. the enzyme was produced in glucose-peptone medium and isolated in a sole chromatographic step using sephacryl s-200. the purified enzyme is an extracellular glycoprotein with 14% n-carbohydrate content and an estimated molecular mass of 70.5 kda and pi of 3.95. the kinetic studies showed the highest enzyme affinity against p-anisyl alcohol, with constants similar to those of pl ... | 2000 | 10606774 |
| [adiaspiromycosis, 2 cases of incidental finding]. | two apparently solitary granulomas, each containing an adiaconidia, 200 and 300 microm in diameter, were incidentally found in the lung parenchyma on a pleuro-pneumonectomy specimen for malignant mesothelioma, and in the stroma of a pulmonary adenocarcinoma, respectively. these two cases of adiaspiromycosis illustrate well the characteristic morphology of this strictly pulmonary, rare, ubiquitous, and histologically diagnosed mycosis. | 1999 | 10617808 |
| substrate specificity of lignin peroxidase and a s168w variant of manganese peroxidase. | lignin peroxidase (lip) and manganese peroxidase (mnp) are structurally similar heme-containing enzymes secreted by white-rot fungi. unlike mnp, which is only specific for mn(2+), lip has broad substrate specificity, but it is not known if this versatility is due to multiple substrate-binding sites. we report here that a s168w variant of mnp from phanerochaete chrysosporium not only retained full mn(2+) oxidase activity, but also, unlike native or recombinant mnp, oxidized a multitude of lip sub ... | 2000 | 10620333 |
| respiratory pathways and oxygen toxicity in phanerochaete chrysosporium. | phanerochaete chrysosporium maintained on glucose as the carbon source contained severely impaired mitochondria that were characterised by the loss of both succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activities. these cells maintained a constant value for energy charge using anaerobic metabolism. cells with these properties express lignin peroxidase when supplied with a pure oxygen atmosphere, which may reflect a response to accumulating reactive oxygen species. cells maintained on cellulose ... | 2000 | 10650219 |
| disease patterns in field and bank vole populations during a cyclic decline in central finland. | declining field vole (microtus agrestis) and bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) populations were sampled (117 field voles and 34 bank voles) in south-central finland during the winter of 1988-89. the last surviving field voles were caught in april and bank voles in february. a subsample (16) of the april field voles were taken live to the laboratory for immunosuppression. the histopathology of the main internal organs and the presence of aerobic bacteria and certain parasites were studied. in t ... | 2000 | 10670697 |
| cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase gene and its differentially terminated cdnas from the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium metabolizes a range of xenobiotics via p450 mono-oxygenation, particularly under peroxidase-suppressing culture conditions. here we report the cloning and analysis of the gene from this fungus for the cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase (cpr) and its differentially terminated cdnas. using a pcr-based approach with degenerate primers, a 285-bp genomic fragment was isolated from the two widely studied strains bkm-f 1767 and me 446, and was identified as ... | 2000 | 10672447 |
| a new scaffold for binding haem in the cytochrome domain of the extracellular flavocytochrome cellobiose dehydrogenase. | the fungal oxidoreductase cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) degrades both lignin and cellulose, and is the only known extracellular flavocytochrome. this haemoflavoenzyme has a multidomain organisation with a b-type cytochrome domain linked to a large flavodehydrogenase domain. the two domains can be separated proteolytically to yield a functional cytochrome and a flavodehydrogenase. here, we report the crystal structure of the cytochrome domain of cdh. | 2000 | 10673428 |
| different fungal manganese-oxidizing peroxidases: a comparison between bjerkandera sp. and phanerochaete chrysosporium. | two manganese-oxidizing peroxidases differing in glycosylation degree were purified from fermenter cultures of bjerkandera sp. they were characterized and compared with the three manganese-oxidizing peroxidase isoenzymes obtained from the well-known ligninolytic fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. all the enzymes showed similar molecular masses but those from p. chrysosporium had less acidic isoelectric point. moreover, the latter strictly required mn2+ to oxidize phenolic substrates whereas the ... | 2000 | 10682282 |
| changes to water repellence of soil caused by the growth of white-rot fungi: studies using a novel microcosm system. | a microcosm system is described which permits assessment of the progressive growth of filamentous fungi through soil. we report on its application to measure the effects of coriolus versicolor and phanerochaete chrysosporium upon the sorptivity and water repellence of a mineral soil, measured using a miniature infiltration device. both fungal species caused moderate sub-critical repellence. since the pore structure was unaffected, the repellence was probably due to hydrophobic substances of fung ... | 2000 | 10689169 |
| pulmonary adiaspiromycosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | adiaspiromycosis is a noninfectious, nonarthropod-transmitted fungal infection that occurs worldwide in lower vertebrates, especially rodents. however, humans may become accidental hosts. reported here is a case of adiaspiromycosis of the lung in an hiv-positive, 40-year-old, bisexual man who first presented with cough and dyspnea. cultures of a bronchoalveolar lavage and protected brush specimen revealed the presence of fungal elements that were identified as emmonsia parva var. parva. the pati ... | 1999 | 10691202 |
| degradation of pentachlorophenol by phanerochaete chrysosporium: intermediates and reactions involved. | under nitrogen-limiting, secondary metabolic conditions, the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium rapidly degrades pentachlorophenol. the pathway for the degradation of pentachlorophenol has been elucidated by the characterization of fungal metabolites and oxidation products generated by purified lignin peroxidase (lip) and manganese peroxidase (mnp). the multi-step pathway is initiated by a lip- or mnp-catalysed oxidative dechlorination reaction to produce tetrachloro-1,4- ... | 2000 | 10708379 |
| tween 80 enhanced tnt mineralization by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the effect of a nonionic surfactant (tween 80) on 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) mineralization by the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium strain bkm-f-1767, was investigated in a liquid culture at 20, 50, and 100 mg tnt.l-1. the presence of 1% (w/v) tween 80, at 20 mg.l-1 tnt, added to a 4-d-old culture, allowed the highest tnt mineralization level, that is 29.3% after 24 d, which is two times more than the control culture, without tween 80 (13.9%). the mineralization of tnt resumed upon ... | 2000 | 10721478 |
| metabolism of cellulose by phanerochaete chrysosporium in continuously agitated culture is associated with enhanced production of lignin peroxidase. | production of the extracellular heme protein lignin peroxidase (lip) by phanerochaete chrysosporium is currently associated with a number of requirements, namely exposure of the cultures to oxygen; limiting nutrient nitrogen or carbon and static or semi-static culture conditions. to obtain lip activity in continuously agitated liquid culture requires the inclusion of a surfactant. however, using cellulose as the carbon source, we obtained high titres (0.2-0.4 u ml(-1)) of lip in submerged liquid ... | 2000 | 10725541 |
| homologous expression of recombinant cellobiose dehydrogenase in phanerochaete chrysosporium. | cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) is a novel extracellular hemoflavoenzyme from phanerochaete chrysosporium and is produced only in cultures supplemented with cellulose. in this report, cdh from p. chrysosporium has been homologously expressed in cultures supplemented with glucose as the sole carbon source when no endogenous cdh is expressed. this was achieved by placing the cdh-1 gene under the control of the d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) promoter (1.1 kb) fused upstream of the ... | 2000 | 10733918 |
| a homokaryotic derivative of a phanerochaete chrysosporium strain and its use in genomic analysis of repetitive elements. | analysis of complex gene families in the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium has been hampered by the dikaryotic nuclear condition. to facilitate genetic investigations in p. chrysosporium strain bkm-f-1767, we isolated a homokaryon from regenerated protoplasts. the nuclear condition was established by pcr amplification of five unlinked genes followed by probing with allele-specific oligonucleotides. under standard nitrogen-limited culture conditions, lignin peroxidase, ma ... | 2000 | 10742252 |
| disordered ultrastructure in lignin-peroxidase-secreting hyphae of the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the practice of exposing liquid cultures of the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium to a pure oxygen atmosphere under conditions of nutrient starvation has been widely adopted to induce lignin peroxidase (lip) synthesis. transmission electron microscopy was used to examine hyphal cells of carbon-limited cultures that had been exposed to an atmosphere of pure oxygen, and revealed evidence of a major loss in organization of cellular ultrastructure, which may be attributed to oxygen toxici ... | 2000 | 10746780 |
| oxidation of aromatic sulfides by lignin peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the reaction of h2o2 with 4-substituted aryl alkyl sulfides (4-xc6h4sr), catalysed by lignin peroxidase (lip) from phanerochaete chrysosporium, leads to the formation of sulfoxides, accompanied by diaryl disulfides. the yields of sulfoxide are greater than 95% when x = ome, but decrease significantly as the electron donating power of the substituent decreases. no reaction is observed for x = cn. the bulkiness of the r group has very little influence on the efficiency of the reaction, except for ... | 2000 | 10785393 |
| [influence of culture conditions on ligninolytic activity of stereum hirsutum]. | stereum hirsutum bafc 2234 was tested for growth kinetics and ligninolytic enzyme production. the strain showed weak coincidences with widely studied organisms (phanerochaete chrysosporium, pleurotus ostreatus) when the response to nitrogen sources was assayed. this could be interpreted as a different regulation to nitrogen metabolism for s. hirsutum bafc 2234. alternative carbon sources and the addition of veratryl alcohol and wood extracts were also tested showing partial correspondence with o ... | 2000 | 10785937 |
| direct characterization of the physicochemical properties of fungal spores using functionalized afm probes. | a new method is described for characterizing the physicochemical properties of native microbial cells by using atomic force microscopy (afm) with chemically functionalized probes. adhesion forces were measured, under deionized water, between probes and model substrata functionalized with alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers terminated with oh and ch(3) groups. these were found to be 6 +/- 2 nn (n = 1024), 0.9 +/- 0.4 nn, and approximately 0 nn, for ch(3)/ch(3), ch(3)/oh, and oh/oh surfaces, res ... | 2000 | 10828004 |
| cellulases from the fungi phanerochaete chrysosporium and trichoderma reesei as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis: applications with displacer plugs and sample preconcentration. | the cellulases cbh 58 from the fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium and cbh i from the fungus trichoderma reesei were compared as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis (ce) applying the partial filling technique. amines, e.g., norephedrine, two bambuterol analogs, as well as acids, e.g., di-p-toluoyl tartaric acid and dibenzoyl tartaric acid, which could not be enantioseparated in the liquid chromatographic use of the selectors, could be separated in the corresponding ce experiments. due t ... | 2000 | 10832892 |
| engineering a disulfide bond in recombinant manganese peroxidase results in increased thermostability. | manganese peroxidase (mnp) produced by phanerochaete chrysosporium, which catalyzes the oxidation of mn(2+) to mn(3+) by hydrogen peroxide, was shown to be susceptible to thermal inactivation due to the loss of calcium [sutherland, g. r. j.; aust, s. d. arch. biochem. biophys. 1996, 332, 128-134]. the recombinant enzyme, lacking glycosylation, was found to be more susceptible [nie, g.; reading, n. s.; aust, s. d. arch. biochem. biophys. 1999, 365, 328-334]. on the basis of the properties and str ... | 2000 | 10835231 |
| n-demethylation of methylene blue by lignin peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. stoichiometric relation for h2o2 consumption. | phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase (lip) can degrade synthetic dyes such as heterocyclic, azo, and triphenylmethane on its activation by h2o2. analysis of the reaction products indicated that n-demethylation reactions are involved in the degradation of crystal violet and methylene blue (mb). we studied lip oxidation of methylene blue and azure b (ab) in reaction mixtures containing different dye:h2o2 stoichiometric relations aiming at the selective formation of n-demethylated derivati ... | 2000 | 10849794 |
| adsorption of inulinases in ion-exchange columns. | the use of adsorption columns packed with ion-exchange resins for recovering, concentrating and purifying proteins is now widespread. the present work consists of a study on the dynamic behavior of adsorption columns that uses two kinds of adsorbents: a cationic and an anionic resin. a frontal analysis of the columns was performed with experimental data obtained from fructozyme, a mixture of inulinase enzymes. the parameters of a langmuir type of isotherm and adsorption kinetics were obtained fr ... | 2000 | 10849858 |
| redox equilibria of manganese peroxidase from phanerochaetes chrysosporium: functional role of residues on the proximal side of the haem pocket. | redox potentials of recombinant manganese peroxidase from phanerochaetes chrysosporium have been measured by cyclic voltammetry as a function of ph, between ph 4.5 and ph 10.5. they display a bimodal behaviour (characterized by an 'alkaline' and an 'acid' transition), which indicates that (at least) two protonating groups change their pk(b) values upon reduction (and/or oxidation) of the iron atom in haem. analogous measurements have been carried out on four site-directed mutants involving resid ... | 2000 | 10861214 |
| biological detoxification of coffee husk by filamentous fungi using a solid state fermentation system. | studies were carried out on detoxification of coffee husk in solid state fermentation using three different strains of rhizopus, phanerochaete, and aspergillus sp. fungal strains were selected by their ability to grow on a coffee husk extract-agar medium. using r. arrizus lpb-79, the best results on the degradation of caffeine (87%) and tannins (65%) were obtained with ph 6.0 and moisture 60% in 6 days. when p. chrysosporium bk was used, maximum degradation of caffeine and tannins were 70.8 and ... | 2000 | 10862912 |
| yeast tissue phase of emmonsia pasteuriana inoculated in golden hamster by intratesticular way. | the scope of our study was to present an experimental model reproducing the dimorphic yeast-like population (as for histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis) similar to that observed in the cutaneous biopsy of an italian woman who had never traveled abroad, being intravenous drug user and hiv positive for 10 years, finally infected with the new dimorphic fungus emmonsia pasteuriana. experimental inoculation was unsuccessful by intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intravenous (i.v.) ways in a mouse ... | 1999 | 10865897 |
| mineralization of trichloroethylene (tce) by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | | 2000 | 10874076 |
| studies on the production of fungal peroxidases in aspergillus niger. | to get insight into the limiting factors existing for the efficient production of fungal peroxidase in filamentous fungi, the expression of the phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase h8 (lipa) and manganese peroxidase (mnp) h4 (mnp1) genes in aspergillus niger has been studied. for this purpose, a protease-deficient a. niger strain and different expression cassettes have been used. northern blotting experiments indicated high steady-state mrna levels for the recombinant genes. manganese p ... | 2000 | 10877800 |
| degradation of primisulfuron by a combination of chemical and microbiological processes. | microbial degradation of the herbicide primisulfuron was investigated using enrichment cultures from contaminated soils and 20 axenic cultures. at neutral ph, no disappearance of the herbicide was detected either in the enrichment cultures or in the growth media of the axenic microbial cultures. during the growth of some of the microbial strains, however, the ph of the medium dropped below 6, resulting in the hydrolysis of primisulfuron. the rate of primisulfuron hydrolysis was clearly ph depend ... | 2000 | 10888585 |
| identification of asp-130 as the catalytic nucleophile in the main alpha-galactosidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium, a family 27 glycosyl hydrolase. | characterization of the complete gene sequence encoding the alpha-galactosidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium confirms that this enzyme is a member of glycosyl hydrolase family 27 [henrissat, b., and bairoch, a. (1996) biochem. j. 316, 695-696]. this family, together with the family 36 alpha-galactosidases, forms glycosyl hydrolase clan gh-d, a superfamily of alpha-galactosidases, alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidases, and isomaltodextranases which are likely to share a common catalytic mechanism ... | 2000 | 10933800 |
| formation of a bis(histidyl) heme iron complex in manganese peroxidase at high ph and restoration of the native enzyme structure by calcium. | manganese peroxidase (mnp) from phanerochaete chrysosporium undergoes a ph-dependent conformational change evidenced by changes in the electronic absorption spectrum. this high- to low-spin alkaline transition occurs at approximately 2 ph units lower in an f190i mutant mnp when compared to the wild-type enzyme. herein, we provide evidence that these spectral changes are attributable to the formation of a bis(histidyl) heme iron complex in both proteins at high ph. the resonance raman (rr) spectr ... | 2000 | 10933820 |
| presence of keratinophilic fungi with special reference to dermatophytes on the haircoat of dogs and cats in méxico and nezahualcoyotl cities. | in order to study the presence of keratinophilic fungi with special reference to dermatophytes on the coat of dogs and cats living in the cities of mexico and nezahualcoyotl in the metropolitan area of mexico city, two hundred samples were collected from dogs and one hundred from cats by using the mackenzie's tooth brush technique, they were processed by routine mycological methods for dermatophyte fungi, results were analyzed by means of the statistical packages sas. there were isolated 67 and ... | 2000 | 10948828 |
| cloning and sequencing analysis of trp1 gene of flammulina velutipes. | the genomic trp1 gene from basidiomycete flammulina velutipes was cloned by complementation of yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae trp1 mutation. sequencing analysis revealed that the trp1 gene encoded a single protein consisting of three catalytic functional domains; glutamine amidotransferase, indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase ) and n-(5'-phosphoribosyl) anthranilate isomerase, in order of nh2-glutamine amidotransferase-indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase n-(5'-phosphoribosyl) anthranilate isom ... | 2000 | 10981689 |
| the cloning of a new peroxidase found in lignocellulose cultures of pleurotus eryngii and sequence comparison with other fungal peroxidases. | we report cloning and sequencing of gene ps1 encoding a versatile peroxidase combining catalytic properties of lignin peroxidase (lip) and manganese peroxidase (mnp) isolated from lignocellulose cultures of the white-rot fungus pleurotus eryngii. the gene contains 15 putative introns, and the deduced amino acid sequence consists of a 339-residue mature protein with a 31-residue signal peptide. several putative response elements were identified in the promoter region. amino acid residues involved ... | 2000 | 11004397 |
| is cellobiose dehydrogenase from phanerochaete chrysosporium a lignin degrading enzyme? | cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) is an extracellular redox enzyme of ping-pong type, i.e. it has separate oxidative and reductive half reactions. several wood degrading fungi produce cdh, but the biological function of the enzyme is not known with certainty. it can, however, indirectly generate hydroxyl radicals by reducing fe(3+) to fe(2+) and o2 to h2o2. hydroxyl radicals are then generated by a fenton type reaction and they can react with various wood compounds, including lignin. in this work w ... | 2000 | 11004557 |
| fatal adiaspiromycosis in a wild eurasian otter (lutra lutra). | postmortem examination of an immature otter which died in the wild showed that large areas of the lungs were swollen and firm, with emphysema and haemorrhage in the remaining areas. histopathological examination revealed large numbers of fungal adiaspores and an unusually severe inflammatory response. it was considered that respiratory impairment was the primary cause of the otter's death. | 2000 | 11014486 |
| comparison of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene degradation by seven strains of white rot fungi. | the degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) by seven strains of white rot fungi was examined in two different media containing 50 mg l(-1) of tnt. when tnt was added into a nutrient-rich ymg medium at the beginning of the incubation, four of the fungal strains completely removed tnt during several days of incubation and showed higher removal rates than those of phanerochaete chrysosporium. tnt added into ymg medium after a 5-day preincubation period completely disappeared within 12 hours, and ... | 2000 | 11014867 |
| mnii is not a productive substrate for wild-type or recombinant lignin peroxidase isozyme h2. | the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) gene promoter was used to drive the homologous expression of the lignin peroxidase (lip) isozyme h2 gene in primary metabolic cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium. the molecular mass, pi, and optical absorption spectra of purified recombinant liph2 (rliph2) were essentially identical to those of wild-type liph2 (wtliph2). wtliph2 was prepared by growing cells in the absence of mnii, conditions under which p. chrysosporium manganese peroxidase ... | 2000 | 11019815 |
| southern blot screening for lignin peroxidase and aryl-alcohol oxidase genes in 30 fungal species. | screening to detect genes encoding lignin peroxidase (lip) and aryl-alcohol oxidase (aao) has been carried out with 30 fungal strain using dna probes from genes lpo of phanerochaete chrysosporium (encoding lip isoenzyme h8) and aao of pleurotus eryngii. evidence for the presence of genes closely related to lpo was found in bjerkandera adusta, fomes fomentarius, ganoderma applanatum, ganoderma australe, lentinula degener, peniophora gigantea, p. chrysosporium, phanerochaete flavido-alba and trame ... | 2000 | 11051421 |
| cleavage of the diketonitrile derivative of the herbicide isoxaflutole by extracellular fungal oxidases. | isoxaflutole is a herbicide activated in soils and plants to its diketonitrile derivative, the active herbicide principle. the diketonitrile derivative undergoes cleavage to the inactive benzoic acid analogue. in this paper, it is established that an oxidative mechanism implicating two successive reactions in the presence of dimethyldioxirane can chemically initiate the cleavage of the diketonitrile. it is also shown that two white rot strains, phanerochaete chrysosporium and trametes versicolor ... | 2000 | 11052694 |
| kinetics and reactivity of the flavin and heme cofactors of cellobiose dehydrogenase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the flavin cofactor within cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) was found to be responsible for the reduction of all electron acceptors tested. this includes cytochrome c, the reduction of which has been reported to be by the reduced heme of cdh. the heme group was shown to affect the reactivity and activation energy with respect to individual electron acceptors, but the heme group was not involved in the direct transfer of electrons to substrate. a complicated interaction was found to exist between t ... | 2000 | 11063597 |
| pulmonary adiaspiromycosis: report of two cases. | two cases of human pulmonary adiaspiromycosis are reported. patients were 29 and 54-year-old males, farm workers, with "grippe-like" symptoms and radiographic findings suggestive of granulomatous interstitial disease. transthoracoscopic and transbronchial biopsies were performed. pulmonary function was measured by spirometry. one patient used ketoconazole. possibility of misdiagnosed pulmonary adiaspiromycosis is emphasized. | 2000 | 11064585 |
| [contribution to the morphologic diagnosis of lung adiaspiromycosis]. | the diagnosis of adiaspiromycosis is usually based on lung sections stained by hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid schiff and methenamine silver. authors describe the fungus aspect examined by mucicarmin, picro-sirius and congo red methods, including polarized light microscopy. in doubtful cases, these methods could contribute to histopathological diagnosis of emmonsia parva var crescens. | 2000 | 11064587 |
| effect of spent cotton stalks on color removal and chemical oxygen demand lowering in olive oil mill wastewater by white rot fungi. | wastewater from olive oil mill was decolorized (and its chemical oxygen demand reduced in static cultivation) using the fungi coriolus versicolor, funalia trogii, phanerochaete chrysosporium and pleurotus sajor-caju. the effect of cotton stalk on decolorizing and cod removing capability was demonstrated. p. chrysosporium (in 20% medium with cotton stalk) reduced the cod by 48% and color by 58%, f. trogii (in 30% medium with cotton stalk)) by 51 and 55%, respectively. | 1999 | 11097026 |
| role of arginine 177 in the mnii binding site of manganese peroxidase. studies with r177d, r177e, r177n, and r177q mutants. | previously, we reported that arg177 is involved in mnii binding at the mnii binding site of manganese peroxidase isozyme 1 (mnp1) of phanerochaete chrysosporium by examining two mutants: r177a and r177k. we now report on additional mutants: r177d, r177e, r177n, and r177q. these new mutant enzymes were produced by homologous expression in p. chrysosporium and were purified to homogeneity. the molecular mass and the uv/visible spectra of the ferric and oxidized intermediates of the mutant enzymes ... | 2000 | 11106414 |
| catalase activities of phanerochaete chrysosporium are not coordinately produced with ligninolytic metabolism: catalases from a white-rot fungus. | phanerochaete chrysosporium uses hydrogen peroxide as a substrate in its ligninolytic phase. to determine how the fungus protects itself against detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species, catalase activity was examined. the fungus produced up to four different catalase isozymes, cat a to d. isozyme catc was the dominant activity in all growth conditions. a minor catalase, catd, was apparent in low-carbon culture and upon exposure of mycelium grown on high-nitrogen medium with 5-50 mm of hyd ... | 2001 | 11116389 |
| microbial degradation of explosives: biotransformation versus mineralization. | the nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) is a reactive molecule that biotransforms readily under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions to give aminodinitrotoluenes. the resulting amines biotransform to give several other products, including azo, azoxy, acetyl and phenolic derivatives, leaving the aromatic ring intact. although some meisenheimer complexes, initiated by hydride ion attack on the ring, can be formed during tnt biodegradation, little or no mineralization is encountere ... | 2000 | 11131384 |
| glutathione-mediated mineralization of 14c-labeled 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene by manganese-dependent peroxidase h5 from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | manganese-dependent peroxidase (mnp) h5 from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium, in the presence of either mn(ii) (10 mm) or gsh (10 mm). was able to mineralize 14c-u-ring-labeled 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-a-4,6-dnt) up to 29% in 12 days. when both mn(ii) and gsh were present, the mineralization extent reached 82%. on the other hand, no significant mineralization was observed in the absence of both mn(ii) and gsh, suggesting the requirement of a mediator [either mn(ii) or gsh] ... | 2000 | 11131391 |
| biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) by native microflora and combinations of white-rot fungi in a coal-tar contaminated soil. | four white-rot fungi (phanerochaete chrysosporium imi 232175, pleurotus ostreatus from the university of alberta microfungus collection imi 341687, coriolus versicolor imi 210866 and wye isolate #7) and all possible combinations of two or more of these fungi, were incubated in microcosms containing wheat straw and non-sterile coal-tar contaminated soil to determine their potential to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). biotic and abiotic controls were prepared similarly and pah conc ... | 2001 | 11131793 |
| enzymology of phanerochaete chrysosporium with respect to the degradation of recalcitrant compounds and xenobiotics. | the archetypal white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium has been shown to degrade a variety of persistent environmental pollutants. many of the enzymes responsible for pollutant degradation, which are normally involved in the degradation of wood, are extracellular. thus, p. chrysosporium is able to degrade toxic or insoluble chemicals more efficiently than other microorganisms. p. chrysosporium has a range of oxidative and reductive mechanisms and uses highly reactive, nonspecific redox medi ... | 2000 | 11152065 |
| the green fluorescent protein gene functions as a reporter of gene expression in phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the enhanced green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene (egfp) was used as a reporter of gene expression driven by the glyceraldehyde-p-dehydrogenase (gpd) gene promoter and the manganese peroxidase isozyme 1 (mnp1) gene promoter in phanerochaete chrysosporium. four different constructs were prepared. puggm3' and pugigm3' contain the p. chrysosporium gpd promoter fused upstream of the egfp coding region, and pumgm3' and pumigm3' contain the p. chrysosporium mnp1 promoter fused upstream of the egfp gen ... | 2001 | 11157267 |
| crystal structures of pristine and oxidatively processed lignin peroxidase expressed in escherichia coli and of the w171f variant that eliminates the redox active tryptophan 171. implications for the reaction mechanism. | the heme enzyme lignin peroxidase (lip) from the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium contains a solvent exposed redox active tryptophan residue (trp171) that carries a unique hydroxy group stereo-specifically attached to its c(beta) atom. a trp171phe mutant has no activity at all towards the substrate veratryl alcohol. the mechanism of veratryl alcohol oxidation involving beta-hydroxy-trp171 is largely unknown. here, we present the first crystal structures of lip isozyme h8 at high reso ... | 2001 | 11162097 |
| cellobiohydrolase 58 (p.c. cel 7d) is complementary to the homologous cbh i (t.r. cel 7a) in enantioseparations. | cellobiohydrolase 58 (ec 3.2.1.91, p.c. cel 7d) from phanerochaete chrysosporium was immobilized on silica and the resulting material, cbh 58-silica, was then used as a chiral stationary phase (csp) in liquid chromatographic separations of enantiomers. the enantioselectivities obtained on cbh 58-silica were compared with those on cbh i-silica (a phase based on a corresponding cellulase from trichoderma reesei). cbh 58-silica displayed higher selectivity than cbh i-silica for the more hydrophilic ... | 2000 | 11185624 |
| [isolation and characterization of promoters from phanerochaete chrysosporium]. | promoter-probe vector psupv8 was used to clone promoters from phanerochaete chrysosporium directly in escherichia coli. six hygromycin b-resistant recombinants were obtained and two inserted fragments of them were sequenced. the results indicated that they contain several sequences similar to eukaryotic cis regulatory elements. only pch6 could transform p. chrysosporium into hygromecin b resistance. pcr and dot hybridization analysis indicated that it was introduced into p. chrysosporium success ... | 2000 | 11191766 |
| an amperometric cellobiose dehydrogenase-based biosensor can be used for measurement of cellulase activity. | the hemoflavoenzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh, ec 1.1.99.18) from phanerochaete chrysosporium has been used in an amperometric redox polymer-based biosensor. used in conjugation with a fia system this biosensor can replace colorimetric assays for measuring cellobiose liberated from cellulose in a series of cellulase-containing samples. the biosensor gave the same result as the somogyi-nelson method in a less time-consuming and laborious manner. the two methods showed about the same precision ... | 2001 | 11237326 |
| inhibition of lignin peroxidase-mediated oxidation activity by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and n-n-n'-n'-tetramethylenediamine. | the mineralization rate of lc-[1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane] (ddt) was reduced by 90% on the 18th day in fungal cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium in the presence of 8 mm ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (edta). in the presence of 8 mm n-n-n'-n'-tetramethylenediamine (temed), the mineralization rate of 14c-ddt was reduced by 80%. in the presence of 2 mm or 10 mm edta, 95% inhibition of lignin peroxidase (lip) mediated veratryl alcohol oxidase activity and 97% inhibition of ... | 2001 | 11254169 |
| determination of the toxicity of several aromatic carbonylic compounds and their reduced derivatives on phanerochaete chrysosporium using a pseudomonas putida test system. | we tested four aromatic carbonylic compounds and their corresponding reduced derivatives, possible substrates, and products of a biotransformation for toxicity against the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. the bacterium pseudomonas putida, which has been proven to be a good test organism for investigating toxic effects, was used as a primary screen. for both p. chrysosporium and p. putida, all ketones showed a higher toxicity than their corresponding alcohol derivatives. within one c ... | 2001 | 11255153 |
| decolourisation of synthetic and spentwash melanoidins using the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium jag-40. | phanerochaete chrysosporium jag-40 was isolated from the soil samples saturated with spilled molasses collected from a sugar mill. this isolate decolourised synthetic and natural melanoidins present in spentwash in liquid fermentation; up to 80% in 6 days at 30 degrees c under aerobic conditions. a large inoculum size stimulated fungal biomass production, but this gave less decolourisation of pigment; 5% w/v (dry weight) mycelial suspension was found optimum for maximum decolourisation in melano ... | 2001 | 11265794 |
| study of protein adsorption on indigo particles confirms the existence of enzyme--indigo interaction sites in cellulase molecules. | adsorption of several crude and purified cellulases (from trichoderma reesei, penicillium verruculosum and chrysosporium lucknowense) on indigo particles and avicel cellulose was studied. much higher amounts of protein were bound to indigo than to cellulose under similar conditions. for different purified enzymes, the quantity of bound protein per mg of adsorbent (indigo or cellulose) varied in the range of 57-111 and 0-62 microg x mg(-1), respectively. however, in general, the enzyme adsorption ... | 2001 | 11267701 |
| transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) by immobilized phanerochaete chrysosporium under fed-batch and continuous tnt feeding conditions. | the cometabolic transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) by an immobilized phanerochaete chrysosporium culture was investigated under different tnt and/or glycerol feeding conditions in a 5-l reactor. in the fed-batch feeding mode, as a result of four spiking events at an average feeding rate of 20 mg tnt l(-1) d(-1) and 250 mg glycerol l(-1) d(-1), the initial tnt transformation rate and the glycerol uptake rate of the 7-day-old immobilized cell culture were 2.41 mg l(-1) h(-1) and 16.6 mg ... | 2001 | 11283910 |
| model coupling intraparticle diffusion/sorption, nonlinear sorption, and biodegradation processes. | diffusion, sorption and biodegradation are key processes impacting the efficiency of natural attenuation. while each process has been studied individually, limited information exists on the kinetic coupling of these processes. in this paper, a model is presented that couples nonlinear and nonequilibrium sorption (intraparticle diffusion) with biodegradation kinetics. initially, these processes are studied independently (i.e., intraparticle diffusion, nonlinear sorption and biodegradation), with ... | 2001 | 11291476 |
| pcb congener selective biodegradation by the white rot fungus pleurotus ostreatus in contaminated soil. | six strains of white rot fungi were tested for their biodegradation ability of low chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) commercial mixture (delor 103) in real soil system. phanerochaete chrysosporium and trametes versicolor did not show any ability to degrade pcbs in soil. on the contrary, four strains of pleurotus ostreatus were able to remove about 40% of delor 103 in two months. all p. ostreatus strains decomposed pcbs selectively with the preference for congeners with chlorine atoms in ... | 2001 | 11297400 |
| pneumocystosis in wild small mammals from california. | cyst forms of the opportunistic fungal parasite pneumocystis carinii were found in the lungs of 34% of the desert shrew, notiosorex crawfordi (n = 59), 13% of the ornate shrew, sorex ornatus (n = 55), 6% of the dusky-footed wood rat, neotoma fuscipes (n = 16), 2.5% of the california meadow vole, microtus californicus (n = 40), and 50% of the california pocket mouse, chaetodipus californicus (n = 2) caught from southern california between february 1998 and february 2000. cysts were not found in a ... | 2001 | 11310900 |
| [marine fungi in sediments of the sea of japan (russian territory) and their biologically active metabolites]. | the most abundant marine fungi encountered in various regions of the sea of japan belong to the genera penicillium, aspergillus, wardomyces, trichoderma, chrysosporium, and chaetomium. facultative marine fungi of the genera scytalidium, verticillium, and oidiodendron and obligate marine fungi of the genus dendryphiella are much less abundant. the composition of marine sediments and the anthropogenic load on them were found to influence the abundance and species diversity of fungi, as well as the ... | 2000 | 11315678 |
| biosorption of cadmium(ii), lead (ii) and copper(ii) with the filamentous fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the biosorption from artificial wastewaters of heavy metals (cd(ii), pb(ii) and cu(ii)) onto the dry fungal biomass of phanerochaete chryosporium was studied in the concentration range of 5-500 mg l(-1). the maximum absorption of different heavy metal ions on the fungal biomass was obtained at ph 6.0 and the biosorption equilibrium was established after about 6 h. the experimental biosorption data for cd(ii), pb(ii) and cu(ii) ions were in good agreement with those calculated by the langmuir mod ... | 2001 | 11315813 |
| isoenzyme multiplicity and characterization of recombinant manganese peroxidases from ceriporiopsis subvermispora and phanerochaete chrysosporium. | we expressed cdnas coding for manganese peroxidases (mnps) from the basidiomycetes ceriporiopsis subvermispora (mnp1) and phanerochaete chrysosporium (h4) under control of the alpha-amylase promoter from aspergillus oryzae in aspergillus nidulans. the recombinant proteins (rmnp1 and rh4) were expressed at similar levels and had molecular masses, both before and after deglycosylation, that were the same as those described for the mnps isolated from the corresponding parental strains. isoelectric ... | 2001 | 11319083 |
| new pulp biobleaching system involving manganese peroxidase immobilized in a silica support with controlled pore sizes. | attempts have been made to use manganese peroxidase (mnp) for chlorine-free pulp biobleaching, but they have not been commercially viable because of the enzyme's low stability. we developed a new pulp biobleaching method involving mesoporous material-immobilized manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. mnp immobilized in fsm-16, a folded-sheet mesoporous material whose pore size is nearly the same as the diameter of the enzyme, had the highest thermal stability and tolerance to h(2 ... | 2001 | 11319102 |
| the role of glu39 in mnii binding and oxidation by manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysoporium. | manganese peroxidase (mnp) is a heme-containing enzyme produced by white-rot fungi and is part of the extracellular lignin degrading system in these organisms. mnp is unique among mn binding enzymes in its ability to bind and oxidize mn(ii) and efficiently release mn(iii). initial site-directed mutagenesis studies identified the residues e35, e39, and d179 as the mn binding ligands. however, an e39d variant was recently reported to display wild-type mn binding and rate of oxidation, calling into ... | 2001 | 11329293 |
| spectroelectrochemical study of cellobiose dehydrogenase and diaphorase in a thiol-modified gold capillary in the absence of mediators. | a spectroelectrochemical cell was constructed from a gold capillary with 200 microm inner diameter as a working electrode. this allowed spectroelectrochemical study of liquid samples with available volumes less than 5 microl. the optical measurements were accomplished with an optical fibre spectrometer. the optical path of the cell was about 1 cm. to facilitate electrochemistry of biomolecules, the surface of the gold capillary was modified with thiols. the formal potential, e degrees', of the h ... | 2001 | 11339313 |
| [pulmonary adiaspiromycosis: casual finding in a patient who died of yellow fever]. | during an outbreak of yellow fever (rural form of the infection) occurred recently in the state of goiás, brazil, a patient, with clinical manifestations suggestive of the infection, died in the university hospital of brasilia, df, on the fifth day from admission. postmortem examination revealed, microscopically, the characteristic alterations of the infection, and discovered in the lungs and hilar lymph nodes round microrganisms identified as adiaconidia of emmonsia parva var. crescens. | 2001 | 11340501 |
| stability of immobilized 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolites in soil under long-term leaching conditions. | 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt)-contaminated soil was remediated by an anaerobic/aerobic slurry process. prior to treatment, the soil was spiked with [14c]-tnt. leaching experiments were carried out with the decontaminated soil to determine the degree of binding of the radiolabel under a variety of conditions. to simulate natural degradation processes of soil organic matter, each of three columns was subjected to a different treatment known to enhance biological transformation over a 92-week period. ... | 2001 | 11351427 |
| a new versatile peroxidase from pleurotus. | lignin peroxidase (lip) and manganese peroxidase (mnp) have been investigated in phanerochaete chrysosporium. a third ligninolytic peroxidase has been described in pleurotus and bjerkandera. two of these versatile peroxidases (vps) have been cloned, sequenced and characterized. they have high affinity for mn(2+), hydroquinones and dyes, and also oxidize veratryl alcohol, dimethoxybenzene and lignin dimers. the deduced sequences show higher identity with ph. chrysosporium lip than mnp, but the mo ... | 2001 | 11356138 |
| heterologous expression of athermostable manganese peroxidase from dichomitus squalens in phanerochaete chrysosporium. | dichomitus squalens belongs to a group of white-rot fungi which express manganese peroxidase (mnp) and laccase but do not express lignin peroxidase (lip). to facilitate structure/function studies of mnp from d. squalens, we heterologously expressed the enzyme in the well-studied basidiomycete, phanerochaete chrysosporium. the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (gpd) promoter of p. chrysosporium was fused to the coding region of the mnp2 gene of d. squalens, 5 bp upstream of the translation ... | 2001 | 11368016 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of the heme axial ligands in the hemoflavoenzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase. | cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) from phanerochaete chrysosporium is an extracellular 90-kda hemoflavoenzyme, organized into an n-terminal heme domain and a c-terminal flavin domain. the amino acid residues met65 and his114 or his163 were suggested to be heme iron ligands. mutations of these residues were made and mutant proteins were characterized. h114a mutant cultures produce a stable hemoflavoenzyme with spectral and kinetic characteristics similar to those of wild-type cdh. the m65a and h163a ... | 2001 | 11396923 |
| engineering of a manganese-binding site in lignin peroxidase isozyme h8 from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | a mn(2+)-binding site was created in the recombinant lignin peroxidase isozyme h8 from phanerochaete chrysosporium. in fungal mn peroxidase, the mn-binding site is composed of glu35, glu39, and asp179. we generated a similar site in lignin peroxidase by generating an anionic binding site. we generated three mutations: asn182asp, asp183lys, and ala36glu. its activity, veratryl alcohol, and mn(2+) oxidation were compared to those of native recombinant enzyme and to fungal mn peroxidase isozyme h4, ... | 2001 | 11396962 |
| the effect of agitation and nitrogen concentration on lignin peroxidase (lip) isoform composition during fermentation of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | convective interaction media (cim) monolithic columns were applied for the hplc monitoring of phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase (lip) isoforms during cultivation. the influence of the agitation mode (circular, elliptic) and rate (130 and 200 rpm), as well as the initial nitrogen concentration (1.6-6 mm) in the growth medium was investigated. identical rotation rate but different agitation modes resulted in different lip activities and isoenzyme compositions. on the other hand, at dif ... | 2001 | 11403852 |
| deterioration and spoilage of peanuts and desiccated coconuts from two sub-saharan tropical east african countries due to the associated mycobiota and their degradative enzymes. | a broad variety of fungi (84 species belonging to 36 genera) were identified with more taxa infesting peanut seed samples from two tropical countries (29 genera and 61 species) compared to those found in desiccated coconuts (20 genera and 55 species) on both drbc and dg18 media. this may be due to the higher moisture levels in peanuts (5.07-7.97%) compared with coconuts (1.5-4.17%). more taxa and propagules were recovered on dg18 in both cases. the dominant fungi from both substrates on both iso ... | 2001 | 11407493 |
| laccase production by phanerochaete chrysosporium--an artefact caused by mn(iii)? | the possibility of laccase production by phanerochaete chrysosporium was studied. | 2001 | 11412353 |
| role of disulfide bonds in the stability of recombinant manganese peroxidase. | phanerochaete chrysosporium manganese peroxidase (mnp) [isoenzyme h4] was engineered with additional disulfide bonds to provide structural reinforcement to the proximal and distal calcium-binding sites. this rational protein engineering investigated the effects of multiple disulfide bonds on the stabilization of the enzyme heme environment and oxidase activity. stabilization of the heme environment was monitored by uv-visible spectroscopy based on the electronic state of the alkaline transition ... | 2001 | 11434786 |
| purification and characterization of glutathione conjugate reductase: a component of the tetrachlorohydroquinone reductive dehalogenase system from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | a membrane-bound glutathione s-transferase and a soluble glutathione conjugate reductase constitute the reductive dehalogenase system of p. chrysosporium. this enzyme system reductively removes chlorine substituents from tetrachlorohydroquinone, a metabolite of pentachlorophenol. the membrane-bound glutathione s-transferase converts tetrachlorohydroquinone to s-glutathionyltrichloro-1,4-hydroquinone, which is subsequently reduced to 3,5,6-trichlorohydroquinone by the soluble glutathione conjugat ... | 2001 | 11437359 |
| biodecolorization screening of synthetic dyes by four white-rot fungi in a solid medium: possible role of siderophores. | four selected fungi were screened for their ability to decolourize a textile effluent and commercial reactive dyes in a solid medium. | 2001 | 11442809 |
| combined treatment of textile effluent using the sequence phanerochaete chrysosporium-ozone. | textile effluents cause a high environmental impact when released into the environment without correct treatment. in this work, we have evaluated the capacity of treatment of a textile effluent using a biological and a chemical method using the sequence phanerochaete chrysosporium-ozone. the fungal treatment was performed by direct incubation of a fungus spore suspension in textile effluent for nine days. then, the effluent was ozonized at ph 11 and room temperature. color, total organic carbon, ... | 2001 | 11444311 |