| influence of aromatic substitution patterns on azo dye degradability by streptomyces spp. and phanerochaete chrysosporium. | twenty-two azo dyes were used to study the influence of substituents on azo dye biodegradability and to explore the possibility of enhancing the biodegradabilities of azo dyes without affecting their properties as dyes by changing their chemical structures. streptomyces spp. and phanerochaete chrysosporium were used in the study. none of the actinomycetes (streptomyces rochei a10, streptomyces chromofuscus a11, streptomyces diastaticus a12, s. diastaticus a13, and s. rochei a14) degraded the com ... | 1992 | 1482183 |
| nucleotide sequence of a new lignin peroxidase gene glg3 from the white-rot fungus, phanerochaete chrysosporium. | | 1992 | 1508705 |
| characterization of a highly expressed lignin peroxidase-encoding gene from the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the genomic clone, lg2, encoding lip2, the major lignin peroxidase (lip) isozyme from phanerochaete chrysosporium strain ogc101, was isolated and characterized. the 5'-untranslated region of lg2 contains sequences similar to cre and xre promoter elements. comparison with its transcript indicates that eight introns, each less than 59 bp, interrupt the coding sequence. comparison with genes encoding other lip isozymes shows five related patterns of intron location, whose incidence coincides with d ... | 1992 | 1511887 |
| degradation of azo dyes by the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | under nitrogen-limiting, secondary metabolic conditions, the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium extensively mineralized the specifically 14c-ring-labeled azo dyes 4-phenylazophenol, 4-phenylazo-2-methoxyphenol, disperse yellow 3 [2-(4'-acetamidophenylazo)-4-methylphenol], 4-phenylazoaniline, n,n-dimethyl-4-phenylazoaniline, disperse orange 3 [4-(4'-nitrophenylazo)-aniline], and solvent yellow 14 (1-phenylazo-2-naphthol). twelve days after addition to cultures, the dyes had been ... | 1992 | 1514787 |
| roles of manganese and organic acid chelators in regulating lignin degradation and biosynthesis of peroxidases by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | we studied the effect of manganese and various organic chelators on the distribution, depolymerization, and mineralization of synthetic 14c-labeled lignins (dhp) in cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium. in the presence of high levels of manganese [mn(ii) or mn(iii)], along with a suitable chelator, lignin peroxidase (lip) production was repressed and manganese peroxidase (mnp) production was stimulated. even though partial lignin depolymerization was observed under these conditions, further d ... | 1992 | 1514788 |
| inhibition of veratryl alcohol oxidase activity of lignin peroxidase h2 by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. | the oxidation of veratryl alcohol (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol) by lignin peroxidase h2 from phanerochaete chrysosporium and h2o2 was inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (at). inhibition was found to be competitive with respect to veratryl alcohol (k1 = 18 microm) and noncompetitive with respect to h2o2. unlike bovine lactoperoxidase, catalase, and thyroid peroxidase, at was not a suicide (mechanism based) inhibitor for lignin peroxidase h2. binding studies revealed that lignin peroxidase h2 cat ... | 1992 | 1536563 |
| fulminant disseminated pulmonary adiaspiromycosis in humans. | a case of fulminant disseminated pulmonary adiaspiromycosis is reported. the patient, a 35-year-old black male farm worker, presented with a four-week history of generalized weakness, unproductive cough, evening fever, and a weight loss of 8 kg. he died 12 days after hospitalization of respiratory failure due to granulomatous lung disease. the clinical and radiographic findings were indistinguishable from those of miliary tuberculosis. microscopic examination of material obtained at autopsy reve ... | 1992 | 1539748 |
| degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | under ligninolytic conditions, the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium mineralizes 2,4-dinitrotoluene (i). the pathway for the degradation of i was elucidated by the characterization of fungal metabolites and oxidation products generated by lignin peroxidase (lip), manganese peroxidase (mnp), and crude intracellular cell extracts. the multistep pathway involves the initial reduction of i to yield 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (ii). ii is oxidized by mnp to yield 4-nitro-1,2-benzoquinone ... | 1992 | 1539977 |
| evidence that cellobiose:quinone oxidoreductase from phanerochaete chrysosporium is a breakdown product of cellobiose oxidase. | phanerochaete chrysosporium releases two enzymes that oxidize cellobiose and higher cellodextrins: the flavohaemoprotein cellobiose oxidase and the flavoprotein cellobiose:quinone oxidoreductase (cbqase). partial digestion of these enzymes with staphylococcal v8 proteinase or cyanogen bromide yielded many identical bands on sds-polyacrylamide gels. a polyclonal antibody to either purified protein gave cross-reaction. the purification procedure also yielded a haem protein that ran on dodecyl sulp ... | 1992 | 1540640 |
| degradation of 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | under secondary metabolic conditions, the white-rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium degraded 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (i). the pathway for the degradation of i was elucidated by the characterization of fungal metabolites and oxidation products generated by lignin peroxidase (lip), manganese peroxidase (mnp), and crude intracellular cell-free extracts. the multistep pathway involves the degradation of i and subsequent intermediates by oxidation, reduction, and methylation reactions ... | 1992 | 1551837 |
| evidence that cellobiose oxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium is primarily an fe(iii) reductase. kinetic comparison with neutrophil nadph oxidase and yeast flavocytochrome b2. | kinetic measurements were made for purified cellobiose oxidase in 100 mm acetate (ph 4.0) at 30 degrees c, with excess cellobiose as substrate and o2 or fe(iii) as acceptor. with o2 at 230 microm as sole electron acceptor, the o2 uptake rate corresponded to a one-electron turnover number of 0.13 +/- 0.01 s-1. measurements at different o2 concentrations indicated km(o2) greater than 120 microm. in separate experiments, the reduction of fe(iii) acetate was monitored at 340 nm in the absence of oxy ... | 1992 | 1555575 |
| cellobiose oxidase of phanerochaete chrysosporium enhances crystalline cellulose degradation by cellulases. | the effect of phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiose oxidase (cbo) on microcrystalline cellulose hydrolysis by trichoderma cellulases was determined. addition of 10 micrograms.ml-1 cbo to a reaction mixture containing t. viride cellulase increased glucose and cellobiose production by 10% and 48%, respectively. cellulose weight loss was also enhanced by 19%. at higher concentrations (20-80 micrograms.ml-1), cbo decreased glucose and cellobiose production. cellulose weight loss at 60 micrograms.ml ... | 1992 | 1587358 |
| structure of the active site of lignin peroxidase isozyme h2: native enzyme, compound iii, and reduced form. | the wood-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium secretes a number of extracellular enzymes called lignin peroxidases which are involved in the degradation of both lignin and a number of persistent environmental pollutants. lignin peroxidase isozyme h2, a glycosylated protein of approximately 40 kda, contains a single heme. x-ray absorption spectroscopy (xas) has been used to probe the local environment of the iron in the active site of resting enzyme, reduced enzyme, and compound iii. for ... | 1992 | 1591249 |
| heterogeneity and regulation of manganese peroxidases from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | lignin and mn peroxidases are two families of isozymes produced by the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium under nutrient nitrogen or carbon limitation. we purified to homogeneity the three major mn peroxidase isozymes, h3 (pi = 4.9), h4 (pi = 4.5), and h5 (pi = 4.2). amino-terminal sequencing of these isozymes demonstrates that they are encoded by different genes. we also analyzed the regulation of these isozymes in carbon- and nitrogen-limited cultures and found not only that t ... | 1992 | 1592808 |
| method to identify specific alleles of a phanerochaete chrysosporium gene encoding lignin peroxidase. | a method to identify and differentiate allelic variants of the gene encoding lignin peroxidase isozyme h8 is presented. the strategy involves amplifying a variable region of the gene's carboxy terminus by use of the polymerase chain reaction and then probing with allele-specific oligonucleotides. | 1992 | 1599257 |
| oxidation of phenolic arylglycerol beta-aryl ether lignin model compounds by manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium: oxidative cleavage of an alpha-carbonyl model compound. | manganese peroxidase (mnp) oxidized 1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy) -1,3-dihydroxypropane (i) in the presence of mnii and h2o2 to yield 1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)- 2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-oxo-3-hydroxypropane (ii), 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (iii), 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-dihydroxybenzene (iv), 2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)-3-hydroxypropanal (v), syringaldehyde (vi), vanillyl alcohol (vii), and vanillin (viii). mnp oxidized ... | 1992 | 1599925 |
| determination of the respiration kinetics for mycelial pellets of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | in mycelial pellet cultures of the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium, low oxygen concentration negatively affects the production of the extracellular lignin peroxidases and manganese peroxidases which are key components of the lignin-degrading system of this organism. to test the hypothesis that oxygen limitation in the pellets is responsible for this effect, oxygen microelectrodes were used to determine oxygen concentration gradients within the mycelial pellets of p. chrysospo ... | 1992 | 1622246 |
| oxidative degradation of phenanthrene by the ligninolytic fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the ligninolytic fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium oxidized phenanthrene and phenanthrene-9,10-quinone (pq) at their c-9 and c-10 positions to give a ring-fission product, 2,2'-diphenic acid (dpa), which was identified in chromatographic and isotope dilution experiments. dpa formation from phenanthrene was somewhat greater in low-nitrogen (ligninolytic) cultures than in high-nitrogen (nonligninolytic) cultures and did not occur in uninoculated cultures. the oxidation of pq to dpa involved both ... | 1992 | 1622259 |
| lignin peroxidase gene family of phanerochaete chrysosporium: complex regulation by carbon and nitrogen limitation and identification of a second dimorphic chromosome. | lignin peroxidases (lip) of phanerochaete chrysosporium are encoded by a family of six closely related genes. five lip genes have been localized to the same dimorphic chromosome. in this investigation, relative transcript levels of the lip genes were determined. transcripts of the lipa, lipb, and o282 genes were at similar levels in both carbon- and nitrogen-limited cultures. in contrast, transcription of the glg5, v4, and glg4 genes was dramatically altered by culture conditions. under carbon-l ... | 1992 | 1629160 |
| production and characterization of recombinant lignin peroxidase isozyme h2 from phanerochaete chrysosporium using recombinant baculovirus. | recombinant phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase isozyme h2 (pi 4.4) was produced in insect cells infected with a genetically engineered baculovirus containing a copy of the cdna clone lambda ml-6. the recombinant enzyme was purified to near homogeneity and is capable of oxidizing veratryl alcohol, iodide, and, to a lesser extent, guaiacol. the km of the recombinant enzyme for veratryl alcohol and h2o2 is similar to that of the fungal enzyme. the guaiacol oxidation activity or any other ... | 1992 | 1632652 |
| structure, organization, and transcription of a cellobiohydrolase gene cluster from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | restriction mapping and sequence analysis of cosmid clones revealed a cluster of three cellobiohydrolase genes in phanerochaete chrysosporium. p. chrysosporium cbh1-1 and cbh1-2 are separated by only 750 bp and are located approximately 14 kb upstream from a cellulase gene previously cloned from p. chrysosporium (p. sims, c. james, and p. broda, gene 74:411-422, 1988). within a well-conserved region, the deduced amino acid sequences of p. chrysosporium cbh1-1 and cbh1-2 are, respectively, 80 and ... | 1992 | 1637155 |
| biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by new isolates of white rot fungi. | eight rapid poly r-478 dye-decolorizing isolates from the netherlands were screened in this study for the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) supplied at 10 mg liter(-1). several well-known ligninolytic culture collection strains, phanerochaete chrysosporium bkm-f-1767, trametes versicolor paprican 52, and bjerkandera adusta cbs 595.78 were tested in parallel. all of the strains significantly removed anthracene, and nine of the strains significantly removed benzo(a)pyrene be ... | 1992 | 1637159 |
| cellobiose dehydrogenases of sporotrichum (chrysosporium) thermophile. | both cellobiose dehydrogenases of sporotrichum (chrysosporium) thermophile, atcc 42464, obtained after fractionation with deae-trisacryl chromatography and named cellobiose dehydrogenase i and ii have been purified to homogeneity by different chromatographic techniques. both enzymes are slightly glycosylated flavocytochrome-b proteins with similar catalytic properties but with distinct molecular masses (91 kda and 192 kda for enzymes i and ii, respectively) and isoelectric point (4.1 versus 3.45 ... | 1991 | 1645650 |
| nitroglycerin metabolism by phanerochaete chrysosporium: evidence for nitric oxide and nitrite formation. | we have demonstrated that a filamentous fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium converts glyceryl trinitrate (gtn) into its di- and mononitrate derivatives concurrently with the formation of nitric oxide detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (epr), and the formation of nitrite. the metabolisms of nitrite and nitrate by the fungus are evaluated and taken into account when considering gtn degradation. lack of evidence for nitrate formation from gtn suggests that an esterase-type activity is not i ... | 1991 | 1648402 |
| inhibition of lignin peroxidase h2 by sodium azide. | the oxidation of veratryl alcohol (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol) by lignin peroxidase h2 from phanerochaete chrysosporium and h2o2 was strongly inhibited by sodium azide. inhibition was competitive with respect to veratryl alcohol (ki = 1-2 microm) and uncompetitive with respect to h2o2. in contrast, sodium azide bound to the native enzyme at ph 6.0 with an apparent dissociation constant (kd) of 126 mm. formation of azidyl radicals was detected by esr spin trapping techniques. the enzymes is near ... | 1991 | 1654834 |
| the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi in sewage sludge from egypt. | the keratinophilic fungi of 40 sewage sludge samples from upper egypt were studied using a goat hair-baiting technique. 43 species representing 22 genera were isolated, 17 species of which were dermatophytes and closely related fungi: chrysosporium state of arthroderma tuberculatum, c. asperatum, c. georgii, c. indicum, c. keratinophilum, c. pseudomerdarium, c. queenslandicum, chrysosporium state of thielavia sepedonium, c. tropicum, microsporum cookei, m. gypseum, myceliophthora anamorph of cor ... | 1990 | 1693678 |
| comparative biodegradation of alkyl halide insecticides by the white rot fungus, phanerochaete chrysosporium (bkm-f-1767). | the ability of phanerochaete chrysosporium to degrade six alkyl halide insecticides (aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, chlordane, lindane, and mirex) in liquid and soil-corncob matrices was compared by using 14c-labeled compounds. of these, only [14c]lindane and [14c]chlordane underwent extensive biodegradation, as evidenced by the fact that 9.4 to 23.4% of these compounds were degraded to 14co2 in 30 days in liquid cultures and 60 days in soil-corncob cultures inoculated with p. chrysosporium. alth ... | 1990 | 1698348 |
| keratinophilic and other fungi isolated from combine harvester wheat and sorghum dusts and from the atmosphere of winnow sites in egypt. | three methods were used for the isolation of fungi in the present investigation: the dilution-plate method, hair-baiting technique with horse hairs and the "exposed plate" method. sabouraud's glucose agar at 28 degrees c was also used as isolation medium. 102 species and 2 species varieties belonging to 36 genera were collected from combine harvester wheat and sorghum dusts and from the atmosphere of hay or winnow sites. chrysosporium was represented by 6 species: c. asperatum, c. indicum, c. ke ... | 1990 | 1702080 |
| keratinophilic fungi and other moulds associated with air-dust particles from egypt. | one-hundred and eleven species and three species varieties belonging to 39 genera were collected from 50 dust samples on the five media used at 28 degrees c. using the hair-baiting technique with horse hair, 10 species of chrysosporium were isolated: c. asperatum, c. state of arthroderma tuberculatum, c. indicum, c. inops, c. keratinophilum, c. merdarium, c. pannorum, c. queenslandicum, c. tropicum and c. xerophilum. true dermatophytes were isolated: trichophyton verrucosum and trichophyton sp. ... | 1990 | 1702081 |
| immunologic relatedness of extracellular ligninases from the actinomycetes streptomyces viridosporus t7a and streptomyces badius 252. | four isoforms of the extracellular lignin peroxidase of the ligninolytic actinomycete streptomyces viridosporus t7a (alip-p1, p2, p3, and p4) were individually purified by ultrafiltration and ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by electro-elution using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. three of the purified peroxidases were compared for their immunologic relatedness by western blot analysis using a polyclonal antibody preparation produced in rabbits against pure isoform p3. the anti-p3 an ... | 1991 | 1718215 |
| keratinolytic and keratinophilic fungi in the soils of papua new guinea. | a study was made of soil samples collected during an expedition to the highlands of papua new guinea. fungi were isolated from the samples by the method of hair baiting (to-ka-va). of the 33 species isolated, about half showed keratinolytic activity. such activity is previously unreported for mucor hiemalis f. hiemalis, myrothecium roridum, paecilomyces carneus, p. marquandii, penicillium brevicompactum, rhinocladiella mansonii and verticillium lecanii. the species most active keratinolytically ... | 1991 | 1723786 |
| occurrence of keratinophilic fungi on indian birds. | keratinophilic fungi were isolated from feathers of most common indian birds, viz. domestic chicken (gallus domesticus), domestic pigeon (columba livia), house sparrow (passer domesticus), house crow (corvus splendens), duck (anas sp.), rose-ringed parakeet (psittacula krameri). out of 87 birds, 58 yielded 4 keratinophilic fungal genera representing 13 fungal species and one sterile mycelium. the isolated fungi were cultured on sabouraud's dextrose agar at 28 +/- 2 degrees c. chrysosporium speci ... | 1991 | 1726608 |
| purification and characterization of a novel protease from solid substrate cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the white-rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium is mostly known for its extracellular ligninolytic enzymes. in this paper, the purification and characterization of a novel extracellular protease secreted by this fungus in solid substrate cultures under ligninolytic conditions are described. the purification steps included extraction of enzymes from the wood substrate, concanavalin a-sepharose chromatography, anion-exchange chromatography (mono q), and size-exclusion chromatography (super ... | 1992 | 1730663 |
| lignin peroxidase from the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium is synthesized as a preproenzyme. | the cdna clone l18 encoding lignin peroxidase lip2, the most highly expressed lip isozyme from phanerochaete chrysosporium strain ogc101, was isolated and sequenced. comparison of the cdna sequence with the n-terminal sequence of the mature lip2 protein isolated from culture medium suggests that the mature protein contains 343 amino acids (aa) and is preceded by a 28-aa leader sequence. in vitro transcription followed by in vitro translation and processing by signal peptidase resulted in cleavag ... | 1991 | 1743510 |
| ultrastructural aspects of the demolition of human hair in vitro by chrysosporium tropicum carmichael. | the pattern of invasion of human hair in vitro by a non-dermatophytic fungus, chrysosporium tropicum, was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. the components of the hair were attacked in sequence, depending on their level of keratinization, i.e. their content of cystine. in the cuticle, the sequence of digestion was as follows: intercellular material, cytoplasmic membrane, endocuticle, exocuticle, layer a, and a thinner layer below the inner cytoplasmic membrane of the cutic ... | 1991 | 1749395 |
| presumptive invasive chrysosporium infection in a bone marrow transplant recipient. | chrysosporium species caused an invasive infection in an 18-year-old patient following allogeneic sibling bone marrow transplant for t lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. this infection began as a facial swelling and extended into the central nervous system. fungal disease spread rapidly despite antifungal agents. an autopsy showed fungal involvement of brain, lungs, liver and kidneys. | 1991 | 1756331 |
| [pulmonary adiaspiromycosis]. | a 54-yr old male patient with a history of dyspnea and cough is presented. due to the clinical course of disease and the radiological changes in the chest a diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established. however, the open lung biopsy revealed the true nature of the pulmonary disease: pulmonary adiaspiromycosis, only secondary to asbestosis, siderosis and silicosis as due to the well known occupational exposure to asbestos and other dusts. | 1991 | 1766990 |
| manganese regulation of manganese peroxidase expression and lignin degradation by the white rot fungus dichomitus squalens. | extracellular manganese peroxidase and laccase activities were detected in cultures of dichomitus squalens (polyporus anceps) under conditions favoring lignin degradation. in contrast, neither extracellular lignin peroxidase nor aryl alcohol oxidase activity was detected in cultures grown under a wide variety of conditions. the mineralization of 14c-ring-, -side chain-, and -methoxy-labeled synthetic guaiacyl lignins by d. squalens and the expression of extracellular manganese peroxidase were de ... | 1991 | 1768094 |
| role of manganese peroxidases and lignin peroxidases of phanerochaete chrysosporium in the decolorization of kraft bleach plant effluent. | the role of lignin peroxidases (lips) and manganese peroxidases (mnps) of phanerochaete chrysosporium in decolorizing kraft bleach plant effluent (bpe) was investigated. negligible bpe decolorization was exhibited by a per mutant, which lacks the ability to produce both the lips and the mnps. also, little decolorization was seen when the wild type was grown in high-nitrogen medium, in which the production of lips and mnps is blocked. a lip mutant of p. chrysosporium, which produces mnps but not ... | 1991 | 1768105 |
| overproduction of lignin-degrading enzymes by an isolate of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | phanerochaete chrysosporium is a white rot fungus which secretes a family of lignin-degrading enzymes under nutrient limitation. psbl-1 is a mutant of this organism that generates the ligninolytic system under nonlimiting conditions during primary metabolism. lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and glyoxal oxidase activities for psbl-1 under nonlimiting conditions were 4- to 10-fold higher than those of the wild type (wt) under nitrogen-limiting conditions. psbl-1 was still in the log phase ... | 1991 | 1768132 |
| degradation of xenobiotics by white rot fungi. | white rot fungi such as p. chrysosporium degrade the nonrepeating, nonstereoselective, insoluble polymer lignin under conditions of nutrient limitation. the attack on lignin principally involves extracellular peroxidases (ligninases) and hydrogen peroxide. hydroxyl radicals may also make a significant contribution. the ligninolytic system lends itself to the degradation of xenobiotics, since these often have limited solubility in water and are not readily available in soil to intracellular metab ... | 1991 | 1771273 |
| metabolism of phenanthrene by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium metabolized phenanthrene when it was grown for 7 days at 37 degrees c in a medium containing malt extract, d-glucose, d-maltose, yeast extract, and tween 80. after cultures were grown with [9-14c]phenanthrene, radioactive metabolites were extracted from the medium with ethyl acetate, separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and detected by liquid scintillation counting. metabolites from cultures grown with unlabeled phenanthrene were i ... | 1991 | 1781688 |
| limited bacterial mineralization of fungal degradation intermediates from synthetic lignin. | the ability of selected bacterial strains and consortia to mineralize degradation intermediates produced by phanerochaete chrysosporium from 14c-labeled synthetic lignins was studied. three different molecular weight fractions of the intermediates were subjected to the action of the bacteria, which had been grown on a lignin-related dimeric compound. two consortia isolated from wood being decayed naturally by a ganoderma species of white rot fungus (the palo podrido system) mineralized 10 to 11% ... | 1991 | 1785937 |
| triiodide reduction by cellobiose:quinone oxidoreductase of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | cellobiose:quinone oxidoreductase (cbqase) in the presence of cellobiose inhibits peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of iodide to triiodide (i3). this inhibition is due to the two-electron reduction of i3- by cbqase. the apparent km of i3- for this reaction is 120 microm and the specific activity is 57 mumol.min-1.mg-1. a proposed mechanism for i3- reduction by cbqase involves initial reduction of the flavin moiety by cellobiose to produce a dihydroflavin. this is followed by the substitution of one ... | 1991 | 1847342 |
| identification of a specific manganese peroxidase among ligninolytic enzymes secreted by phanerochaete chrysosporium during wood decay. | the specific enzymes associated with lignin degradation in solid lignocellulosic substrates have not been identified. therefore, we examined extracts of cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium that were degrading a mechanical pulp of aspen wood. western blot (immunoblot) analyses of the partially purified protein revealed lignin peroxidase, manganese-dependent peroxidase (mnp), and glyoxal oxidase. the dominant peroxidase, an isoenzyme of mnp (pi 4.9), was isolated, and its n-terminal amino acid ... | 1991 | 1854201 |
| lignin peroxidase of phanerochaete chrysosporium. evidence for an acidic ionization controlling activity. | the active site amino acid residues of lignin peroxidase are homologous to those of other peroxidases; however, in contrast to other peroxidases, no ph dependence is observed for the reaction of ferric lignin peroxidase with h2o2 to form compound i (andrawis, a., johnson, k.a., and tien, m. (1988) j. biol. chem. 263, 1195-1198). chloride binding is used in the present study to investigate this reaction further. chloride binds to lignin peroxidase at the same site as cyanide and hydrogen peroxide ... | 1991 | 1860854 |
| nmr study of the active site of resting state and cyanide-inhibited lignin peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. comparison with horseradish peroxidase. | one- and two-dimensional 1h nmr spectroscopy has been used to probe the active site of the high spin ferric resting state and the low spin, cyanide-inhibited derivative of isozyme h2 of the lignin peroxidase, lip, from phanerochaete chrysosporium strain bkm 1767. one-dimensional nmr revealed a resting state lip that is five coordinate at 25 degrees c with an electronic structure similar to that of horseradish peroxidase, hrp. differential paramagnetic relaxivity was used to identify the c beta h ... | 1991 | 1869537 |
| degradation of azo compounds by ligninase from phanerochaete chrysosporium: involvement of veratryl alcohol. | phanerochaete chrysosporium decolorized several polyaromatic azo dyes in ligninolytic culture. the oxidation rates of individual dyes depended on their structures. veratryl alcohol stimulated azo dye oxidation by pure lignin peroxidase (ligninase, lip) in vitro. accumulation of compound ii of lignin peroxidase, an oxidized form of the enzyme, was observed after short incubations with these azo substrates. when veratryl alcohol was also present, only the native form of lignin peroxidase was obser ... | 1991 | 1872828 |
| oxidative degradation of high molecular weight chlorolignin by manganese peroxidase of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | phanerochaete chrysosporium was able to degrade high molecular weight chlorolignins (mr greater than 30,000) from bleach plant effluents, although a direct contact between ligninolytic enzymes and chlorolignin was prevented by a dialysis tubing. in the absence of the enzymes, mn3+ depolymerized chlorolignin when complexed with lactate causing the color, chemical oxygen demand (cod) and dry weight to decrease by 80%, 60% and 40%, respectively. manganese peroxidase effectively catalyzed the depoly ... | 1991 | 1872832 |
| an improved transformation vector for the lignin-degrading white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | in this study, a lignin peroxidase-encoding gene (lip) of phanerochaete chrysosporium was disrupted by inserting into its coding region the kanamycin-resistance determinant from tn903. the resulting recombinant plasmid, puglg1: kan, was transformed into p. chrysosporium with the expectation that the disrupted gene might replace the homologous lip gene in the chromosome. however, the results showed that puglg1: kan sequences do not integrate into the chromosome; instead, the plasmid is maintained ... | 1991 | 1879693 |
| pannorin, a new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor produced by chrysosporium pannorum. | pannorin, a naphthopyrone that inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, was isolated from a culture broth of chrysosporium pannorum m10539 by solvent extraction, bio-gel p-6 column chromatography and reverse phase hplc (silica ods). spectroscopic analyses of the compound yielded 4,8,10-trihydroxy-5-methyl-2h-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran-2-one as the proposed structure. pannorin inhibited hmg-coa reductase and in vitro sterol sy ... | 1991 | 1880066 |
| saprophytic and keratinolytic fungi associated with animals hair from riyadh, saudi arabia. | hair samples from different animals collected from different sites in riyadh, saudi arabia were examined for the presence of saprophytic and keratinolytic fungi. fifty-one specimens were examined of which 19 were from rabbits, 13 from sheeps, 12 from camels and 7 from horses. forty-eight species and one variety which belong to 24 genera were collected during this investigation. the most common genera were aspergillus and chrysosporium. in low frequency, members of the genera thermoascus, scopula ... | 1991 | 1882596 |
| cloning and characterization of a lignin peroxidase gene from the white-rot fungus trametes versicolor. | six putative lignin peroxidase (lip) genes were isolated from a lambda embl3 phage library of the white-rot fungus, trametes versicolor, using the phanerochaete chrysosporium lip cdna clg5 as the probe. sequence analysis of one of the genes, vlg1, showed that its coding region is interrupted by six small introns (49-64 bp) and that it encodes a mature lip protein (341 aa; mr: 36,714) that is preceded by a 25 aa signal sequence. this protein has a relatively high degree of aa homology to the n-te ... | 1991 | 1883369 |
| heterologous expression of active manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium using the baculovirus expression system. | the cdna encoding mn peroxidase isozyme h4 from phanerochaete chrysosporium was recombined into a baculovirus and heterologously expressed in sf9 cells. the recombinant mn peroxidase has the same molecular weight as the native enzyme as determined by sds-page and cross-reacts with a mn peroxidase-specific antibody. the recombinant enzyme has a slightly lower pi than the native fungal isozyme h4 indicating some differences in post-translational modification. phenol red, guaiacol, and vanillylacet ... | 1991 | 1898410 |
| invasive chrysosporium infection of the nose and paranasal sinuses in an immunocompromised host. | aggressive fungal rhinosinusitis with chrysosporium sp. occurred in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. the infecting organism is an exceedingly rare human pathogen. usually, human chrysosporial infections are mild and unmarked by symptoms. most case reports appear in the pathology literature and describe the incidental finding of adiaspores in the pulmonary parenchyma at autopsy. clinical disease from active growth of chrysosporial mycelia in human tissues has been noted on a porcine aor ... | 1991 | 1902943 |
| metabolism of cyanide by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the oxidation of veratryl alcohol (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol) by lignin peroxidase h2 (lip h2) from the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium was strongly inhibited by sodium cyanide. the i50 was estimated to be about 2-3 microm. in contrast, sodium cyanide binds to the native enzyme with an apparent sodium cyanide dissociation constant kd of about 10 microm. inhibition of the veratryl alcohol oxidase activity of lip h2 by cyanide was reversible. ligninolytic cultures of p. chrysosporiu ... | 1991 | 1910320 |
| heterologous expression and characterization of an active lignin peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium using recombinant baculovirus. | the cdna clone lambda ml-1 encoding one of the extracellular lignin peroxidases from the white rot fungus, phanerochaete chrysosporium, was heterologously expressed in an active form using a recombinant baculovirus system. the glycosylated extracellular form of the recombinant protein contained the ferriprotoporphyrin ix moiety and was capable of oxidizing both iodide and the model lignin compound, veratryl alcohol. in comparative peroxidase assays using guaiacol and mn(ii), the recombinant lign ... | 1991 | 1952950 |
| ring fission of anthracene by a eukaryote. | ligninolytic fungi are unique among eukaryotes in their ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), but the mechanism for this process is unknown. although certain pahs are oxidized in vitro by the fungal lignin peroxidases (lips) that catalyze ligninolysis, it has never been shown that lips initiate pah degradation in vivo. to address these problems, the metabolism of anthracene (ac) and its in vitro oxidation product, 9,10-anthraquinone (aq), was examined by chromatographic and ... | 1991 | 1961727 |
| degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol by the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | under secondary metabolic conditions the white rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium mineralizes 2,4-dichlorophenol (i). the pathway for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (i) was elucidated by the characterization of fungal metabolites and of oxidation products generated by purified lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase. the multistep pathway involves the oxidative dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol (i) to yield 1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxybenzene (viii). the intermediate 1,2,4,5-tetr ... | 1991 | 1987125 |
| a novel extrachromosomally maintained transformation vector for the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | a stable extrachromosomally maintained transformation vector (pg12-1) for the lignin-degrading filamentous fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium is described. the vector is 6.3 kb and contains a kanr marker, pbr322 ori, and a 2.2-kb fragment (me-1) derived from an endogenous extrachromosomal dna element of p. chrysosporium. vector pg12-1 was able to transform p. chrysosporium to g418 resistance and was readily and consistently recoverable from the total dna of transformants via escherichia coli tra ... | 1991 | 1987163 |
| lignin peroxidase: toward a clarification of its role in vivo. | the extracellular lignin peroxidase from the white-rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium is thought to play an important role in lignin biodegradation. however, the majority of lignin-derived preparations actually experience overall polymerization at the hands of the enzyme in vitro. it has now been found that, in the presence of h2o2 at ph 4.0, the monomeric lignin precursor coniferyl alcohol is polymerized quantitatively by a lignin peroxidase preparation which is uncontaminated with m ... | 1991 | 1995622 |
| purification and properties of an aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | an intracellular aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (previously referred to as aryl-aldehyde reductase) was purified from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. the enzyme reduced veratraldehyde to veratryl alcohol using nadph as a cofactor. other aromatic benzaldehydes were also reduced, but not aromatic ketones. methoxy-substituted rings were better substrates than hydroxylated ones. the enzyme was also able to reduce a dimeric aldehyde (4-benzyloxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde). the highest reduc ... | 1991 | 1997322 |
| cloning of several lignin peroxidase (lip)-encoding genes: sequence analysis of the lip6 gene from the white-rot basidiomycete, phanerochaete chrysosporium. | a phanerochaete chrysosporium bkmf1767 genomic library, constructed in the bamhi site of vector yrp12, was screened with the lignin peroxidase(lip)-encoding cdnas, clg4 and clg5, that have been shown to encode lip2 (previously h2) and lip6 (previously h10), respectively. six distinct lip genomic clones, designated pglg1, pglg2, pglg3, pglg4, pglg5, and pglg6, were isolated in this study. probe clg4 hybridized only to pglg1. probe clg5 gave intense hybridization to pglg2 and weaker hybridization ... | 1991 | 1999283 |
| cellobiose oxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium can be cleaved by papain into two domains. | cellobiose oxidase from the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium has been purified to homogeneity by a new method. the enzyme has been cleaved by papain into two fragments: one containing the heme group and one containing the flavin group. the flavin fragment can oxidize cellobiose and is reoxidized by oxygen. cellobiose oxidase binds to cellulose to approximately the same extent as cellobiohydrolase i. the cellulose-binding site is located on the flavin domain. the enzyme cannot be tota ... | 1991 | 2001691 |
| genomic organization of lignin peroxidase genes of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | three lignin peroxidase (lip) genes from the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium were cloned on a single 30 kb cosmid insert. one gene, glg5, is the genomic equivalent of a previously reported cdna clone, clg5. the other two lip genes are transcriptionally convergent and map to a position approximately 15 kb downstream of glg5. the translational stop codons of these genes are separated by 1.3 kb. analysis of homokaryons established allelic relationships to previously described lip clones. ... | 1991 | 2011531 |
| in vitro depolymerization of lignin by manganese peroxidase of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | homogeneous manganese peroxidase catalyzed the in vitro partial depolymerization of four different 14c-labeled synthetic lignin preparations. gel permeation profiles demonstrated significant depolymerization of 14c-sidechain-labeled syringyl lignin, a 14c-sidechain-labeled syringyl-guaiacyl copolymer (angiosperm lignin), and depolymerization of 14c-sidechain- and 14c-ring-labeled guaiacyl lignins (gymnosperm lignin). 3,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzo-quinone, 3,5-dimethoxy-1,4-hydroquinone, and syringylal ... | 1991 | 2018522 |
| the trpc gene of phanerochaete chrysosporium is unique in containing an intron but nevertheless maintains the order of functional domains seen in other fungi. | the phanerochaete chryososporium trpc gene has been isolated by complementation of an escherichia coli trpc mutant. the full extent of the fungal gene, determined by sequence analysis, was found to be 2414bp. this includes a single intron of 50bp, the presence of which was confirmed by rna-primed polymerase chain reaction analysis. this features makes the p. chrysosporium gene unique when compared to equivalent genes from other filamentous fungi. the p. chrysosporium trpc gene encodes a single p ... | 1991 | 2041479 |
| manganese peroxidase gene transcription in phanerochaete chrysosporium: activation by manganese. | the expression of manganese peroxidase in nitrogen-limited cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium is dependent on mn, and initial work suggested that mn regulates transcription of the mnp gene. in this study, using northern (rna) blot analysis of kinetic, dose-response, and inhibitor experiments, we demonstrate unequivocally that mn regulates mnp gene transcription. the amount of mnp mrna in cells of 4-day-old nitrogen-limited cultures is a direct function of the concentration of mn in the cult ... | 1991 | 2061289 |
| isolation of keratinophilic fungi from soil in malaysia. | two hundred and thirty soil samples from different localities were examined for the presence of geophilic keratinophilic fungi. six species namely microsporum gypseum--34 isolates, chrysosporium keratinophilum--29, c. tropicum--20, keratinophyton terreum--4, trichophyton terrestre--8 and chrysosporium species--3--were isolated. most of these fungi were recovered from garden, field and river bank soil. the importance of these findings is briefly discussed. | 1991 | 2067562 |
| formation of glyceryl 2-mononitrate by regioselective bioconversion of glyceryl trinitrate: efficiency of the filamentous fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. | various microorganisms have been evaluated for their ability to hydrolyze glyceryl trinitrate (gtn) to glyceryl dinitrates and mononitrates. provided that the gtn extracellular concentration was under the lethal dose, metabolite formation and regioselectivity depend on the nature of the strain used. in particular, phanerochaete chrysosporium at a sublethal dose (3 mm) converts gtn into 1,2-glyceryl dinitrate and 2-glyceryl mononitrate (2-gmn) with a 80% regioselectivity in both steps. this bioco ... | 1990 | 2113815 |
| exocellular and intracellular beta-glucosidase produced in ligninolytic culture of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | | 1990 | 2125946 |
| wool-colonizing micro-organisms capable of utilizing wool-lipids and fatty acids as sole sources of carbon and energy. | two keratinolytic fungi, chrysosporium keratinophilum and malbranchea anamorph of uncinocarpus reesii, and another three wool-colonizing fungi not previously reported to be keratinolytic, aspergillus fumigatus, a. flavus and scopulariopsis candida, were isolated from soil samples baited with animal wool. these fungi were tested for their ability to utilize wool-lipids as sole source of carbon and energy. the lipid contents of wool of various animals ranged between 2 and 5%. the different lipid e ... | 1990 | 2126788 |
| cloning, sequencing and homologies of the cbh-1 (exoglucanase) gene of humicola grisea var. thermoidea. | studies on the enzymes of the cellulase complex of the thermophilic fungus humicola grisea var. thermoidea are described. a genomic library was constructed in the phage vector embl 4, and from this library two clones were isolated using as a probe the cloned cbh-1 (exoglucanase, ec 3.2.1.91) gene of phanerochaete chrysosporium, a cellulolytic basidiomycete fungus. these clones were analysed by restriction mapping and southern blotting, and one of them (lambda 3) was sub-cloned into the m13 phage ... | 1990 | 2127803 |
| nucleotide sequence of a new lignin peroxidase gene glg3 from the white-rot fungus, phanerochaete chrysosporium. | | 1990 | 2129560 |
| [human pulmonary adiaspiromycosis. a new case of disseminated form]. | a case of disseminated pulmonary form of adiaspiromycosis is reported. this is the second case of the disease found in brasilia, df. the patient, a 42-year-old peasant, lived in corrente - state of piaui, where he certainly acquired the infection. he was admitted to the social security hospital, in brasilia, with fever, chills, dry cough and dyspnea. at that time, he had been sick for about ten months and the decision of seeking medical care in brasilia resulted from an exacerbation of the sympt ... | 1990 | 2131496 |
| comparison of lignin peroxidase, horseradish peroxidase and laccase in the oxidation of methoxybenzenes. | lignin peroxidase oxidizes non-phenolic substrates by one electron to give aryl-cation-radical intermediates, which react further to give a variety of products. the present study investigated the possibility that other peroxidative and oxidative enzymes known to catalyse one-electron oxidations may also oxidize non-phenolics to cation-radical intermediates and that this ability is related to the redox potential of the substrate. lignin peroxidase from the fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium, hors ... | 1990 | 2163614 |
| lignin peroxidase oxidation of mn2+ in the presence of veratryl alcohol, malonic or oxalic acid, and oxygen. | veratryl alcohol (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol) appears to have multiple roles in lignin degradation by phanerochaete chrysosporium. it is synthesized de novo by the fungus. it apparently induces expression of lignin peroxidase (lip), and it protects lip from inactivation by h2o2. in addition, veratryl alcohol has been shown to potentiate lip oxidation of compounds that are not good lip substrates. we have now observed the formation of mn3+ in reaction mixtures containing lip, mn2+, veratryl alco ... | 1990 | 2176868 |
| characterization of extracellular peroxidases produced by acetate-buffered cultures of the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | growth of phanerochaete chrysosporium in a nitrogen-limited medium buffered with sodium acetate, instead of the commonly used 2,2-dimethylsuccinate (dms), resulted in quantitative and qualitative differences in the production of various extracellular lignin peroxidases (lips) and manganese-dependent peroxidases (mnps) involved in lignin degradation. the results indicate that production of lips and mnps can be selectively enhanced by manipulation of culture conditions. partial n-terminal analyses ... | 1990 | 2210334 |
| characterization of a gene encoding a manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the complete nucleotide (nt) sequence of a gene (mnp-1) encoding manganese peroxidase isozyme 1 (mnp-1) (pi = 4.9) from phanerochaete chrysosporium has been determined. the sequence of 2539 bp includes 526 bp of 5'-flanking sequence and 368 bp 3' to the poly(a) site. comparison of cdna and genomic sequences indicates six introns varying in size from 57-72 bp. intron splice-junction sequences all adhere to the gt---ag rule. the positions of the introns show little similarity to the intron positio ... | 1990 | 2227420 |
| protease-mediated degradation of lignin peroxidase in liquid cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the decline of lignin peroxidase (lip) activity observed after day 6 in cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium was found to be correlated with the appearance of idiophasic extracellular protease activity. daily addition of glucose started on day 6 resulted in low protease levels and in turn in stable lip levels. addition of cycloheximide to day 6 cultures resulted in virtually no change of lip activity and extracellular protein and negligible levels of protease activity, indicating that this pr ... | 1990 | 2268154 |
| characterization of a new lignin peroxidase gene (glg6) from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | sequence analysis of a new lignin peroxidase (lip) gene, glg6, from p. chrysosporium showed that it encodes a mature lip protein with a predicted mr of 36,454. a 28 aa signal peptide precedes the mature protein. the coding region of glg6 is interrupted by nine introns ranging in size from 50-57 bp. glg6 encoded-lip has 72%, 88% and 82% homology, respectively, to the lip isozymes h2, h3, and h10. comparison of the n-terminal sequence of glg6-encoded lip to that of the lip proteins h2, h8, h10 als ... | 1990 | 2268360 |
| oxidation of monomethoxylated aromatic compounds by lignin peroxidase: role of veratryl alcohol in lignin biodegradation. | lignin peroxidase (lip), an extracellular heme enzyme from the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium, catalyzes the h2o2-dependent oxidation of a variety of nonphenolic lignin model compounds. the oxidation of monomethoxylated lignin model compounds, such as anisyl alcohol (aa), and the role of veratryl alcohol (va) in lip reactions were studied. aa oxidation reached a maximum at relatively low h2o2 concentrations, beyond which the extent of the reactions decreased. the presence of ... | 1990 | 2271536 |
| keratinophilic fungi in bottom sediments of surface waters. | samples of bottom sediments from several artificial lakes, ponds, rivers and sewage in the silesia region of poland were examined for keratinophilic fungi. the intensity of growth on hair-bait, as well as the qualitative and quantitative distribution of keratomycetes in bottom sediments, depended on the level of sewage contamination of the water. | 1990 | 2283586 |
| influence of water activity and temperature on survival of and colony formation by heat-stressed chrysosporium farinicola aleuriospores. | the ability of sublethally heat-stressed aleuriospores of chrysosporium farinicola to form colonies on yeast extract-glucose agar (yga) supplemented with sufficient glucose, sorbitol, glycerol, and nacl to achieve reduced water activity (aw) in the range of 0.88 to 0.95 was determined. the effects of the aw of diluent and incubation temperature during recovery and colony formation were also investigated. aleuriospores harvested from 14-day-old cultures grown at 25 degrees c were less resistant t ... | 1990 | 2285307 |
| distribution of keratinophilic fungi in animal folds in kuwait. | soil samples from seventeen animal herds (camels, goats, sheep, cows) were surveyed for the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi. twenty four species related to eleven genera were recovered on defatted wool baits. eleven chrysosporium species were reported in the following order of dominance: c. keratinophilum, c. tropicum, c. indicum, c. queenslandicum, c. pannicola, c. carmichaelii, c. state of arthroderma curreyi, c. zonatum, c. state of a. cuniculi and chrysosporium state of renispora flavissi ... | 1990 | 2293034 |
| lignin peroxidase-negative mutant of the white-rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. | phanerochaete chrysosporium produces two classes of extracellular heme proteins, designated lignin peroxidases and manganese peroxidases, that play a key role in lignin degradation. in this study we isolated and characterized a lignin peroxidase-negative mutant (lip mutant) that showed 16% of the ligninolytic activity (14c-labeled synthetic lignin----14co2) exhibited by the wild type. the lip mutant did not produce detectable levels of lignin peroxidase, whereas the wild type, under identical co ... | 1990 | 2294087 |
| lignin peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. molecular and kinetic characterization of isozymes. | five isozymes of lignin peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium were purified and their physical, molecular and kinetic properties determined. the isozymes differ from each other in terms of their isoelectric point, molecular mass, sugar content, spectral characteristics, substrate specificity and stability. the n-terminal sequence of amino acids was different for each isozyme suggesting they are different gene products. the isozyme with the highest carbohydrate level was most sensitive to c ... | 1990 | 2303054 |
| characterization of reactions catalyzed by manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. | manganese peroxidase (mnp) is one of two extracellular peroxidases believed to be involved in lignin biodegradation by the white-rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. the enzyme oxidizes mn(ii) to mn(iii), which accumulates in the presence of mn(iii) stabilizing ligands. the mn(iii) complex in turn can oxidize a variety of organic substrates. the stoichiometry of mn(iii) complex formed per hydrogen peroxide consumed approaches 2:1 as enzyme concentration increases at a fixed concentrati ... | 1990 | 2306104 |
| characterization of the oxycomplex of lignin peroxidases from phanerochaete chrysosporium: equilibrium and kinetics studies. | the oxycomplexes (compound iii, oxyperoxidase) of two lignin peroxidase isozymes, h1 (pi = 4.7) and h8 (pi = 3.5), were characterized in the present study. after generation of the ferroperoxidase by photochemical reduction with deazoflavin in the presence of edta, the oxycomplex is formed by mixing ferroperoxidase with o2. the oxycomplex of isozyme h8 is very stable, with an autoxidation rate at 25 degrees c too slow to measure at ph 3.5 or 7.0. in contrast, the oxycomplex of isozyme h1 has a ha ... | 1990 | 2328240 |
| adiaspiromycosis. an uncommon disease caused by an unusual pathogen. | | 1990 | 2331897 |
| respiratory failure caused by adiaspiromycosis. | adiaspiromycosis is a rare pulmonary disorder caused by the fungus emmonsia crescens (or chrysosporium parvum var crescens). according to the amount of inhaled conidia, man may develop symptomatic disease. after reaching the alveoli, the adiaconidia do not multiply or disseminate, but will induce a granulomatous inflammatory reaction that may lead to fatal respiratory failure. up to now, only five cases of disseminated pulmonary infection have been documented. this work describes the occurrence, ... | 1990 | 2331914 |
| lignin peroxidase h2 from phanerochaete chrysosporium: purification, characterization and stability to temperature and ph. | the wood-destroying fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium secretes extracellular enzymes known as lignin peroxidases that are involved in the biodegradation of lignin and a number of environmental pollutants. several lignin peroxidases are produced in liquid cultures of this fungus. however, only lignin peroxidase isozyme h8 has been extensively characterized. in agitated nutrient nitrogen-limited culture, p. chrysosporium produces two lignin peroxidases in about equal proportions. the molecular we ... | 1990 | 2337347 |
| survey of keratinophilic and saprobic fungi in the cloven-hooves and horns of goats and sheep from egypt. | seventy-six species belonging to 29 genera were collected from 320 samples of cloven-hooves and horns of goats and sheep. chrysosporium was the most common genus on the various substrates and comprehended the following species: c. asperatum, chrysosporium anamorph of arthroderma cuniculi, chrysosporium anamorph of arthroderma curreyi, c. georgii, c. indicum, c. keratinophilum, c. lobatum, c. lucknowense, c. pannicola, c. pseudomerdarium, c. queenslandicum, chrysosporium state of thielavia sepedo ... | 1990 | 2338621 |
| keratinophilic and saprophytic fungi isolated from students' nails in egypt. | in order to determine the presence of dermatophytes and saprophytes in healthy toe and finger nails, 120 students (60 male and 60 female) from preparatory schools at sohag governorate (upper egypt) were studied. 54 species in addition to 3 varieties belonging to 17 genera were isolated. six species of true dermatophytes were collected: microsporum audouinii var. rivalieri, m. cookei, trichophyton mentagrophytes, t. simii, t. terrestre and t. verrucosum. chrysosporium, a well-known keratinophilic ... | 1990 | 2338622 |
| release of mutagens after chemical or microbial degradation of beech wood lignin. | the microbial or chemical degradation of lignin from untreated samples of beech wood dusts (fagus silvatica) resulted in the release of different mutagenic responses in the salmonella/mammalian plate incorporation assay. in the first experiment using chemical degradation of lignin, dust samples were pre-extracted using acetone-water; the lignin portions were degraded into simpler compounds which were further fractionated on a sephadex-lh20 column. the compounds isolated from the second phase of ... | 1990 | 2339441 |
| biodegradation of azo and heterocyclic dyes by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | biodegradation of orange ii, tropaeolin o, congo red, and azure b in cultures of the white rot fungus, phanerochaete chrysosporium, was demonstrated by decolarization of the culture medium, the extent of which was determined by monitoring the decrease in absorbance at or near the wavelength maximum for each dye. metabolite formation was also monitored. decolorization of these dyes was most extensive in ligninolytic cultures, but substantial decolorization also occurred in nonligninolytic culture ... | 1990 | 2339873 |
| manganese regulates expression of manganese peroxidase by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | the appearance of manganese peroxidase (mnp) activity in nitrogen-limited cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium is dependent on the presence of manganese. cultures grown in the absence of mn developed normally and produced normal levels of the secondary metabolite veratryl alcohol but produced no mnp activity. immunoblot analysis indicated that appearance of mnp protein in the extracellular medium was also dependent on the presence of mn. intracellular mnp protein was detectable only in cells ... | 1990 | 2345139 |
| pathogenic fungi in soils of jabalpur, india. | results of a preliminary survey of pathogenic fungi in soils collected from forest, riverside and residential garbage soil in jabalpur, india, are reported. a total of 45 soils samples were examined, of which 39 (87%) were positive for fungi, 66 species of fungi classified in 35 genera were isolated: chrysosporium (78%), fusarium (69%), aspergillus (47%), microsporum (38%), gliocladium (16%), acremonium (11%), penicillium (11%), humicola (9%), scopulariopsis (7%), paecilomyces (7%), cladosporium ... | 1990 | 2359416 |
| nitrogen-deregulated mutants of phanerochaete chrysosporium--a lignin-degrading basidiomycete. | two nitrogen-deregulated mutants of phanerochaete chrysosporium, der8-2 and der8-5, were isolated by subjecting wild type conidia to gamma irradiation, plating on poly-r medium containing high levels of nitrogen, and identifying colonies that are able to decolorize poly-r. the mutants showed high levels of ligninolytic activity (14c-synthetic lignin----14co2), and lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and glucose oxidase activities in both low nitrogen (2.4 mm) and high nitrogen (24 mm) media. ... | 1990 | 2369262 |
| characterization of lignin peroxidase-encoding genes from lignin-degrading basidiomycetes. | two closely linked lignin peroxidase (lpo)-encoding genes (lpo) from phanerochaete chrysosporium were isolated. nucleotide sequence studies indicated that the two genes are separated by 1.3 kb of flanking dna and transcribed in opposite directions. cloned p. chrysosporium lpo gene probes have been shown to hybridize to multiple sequences present in the dnas of the white-rot fungi, bjerkandera adusta, coriolus versicolor and fomes lignosus, but no hybridization was detected with dna from pleurotu ... | 1990 | 2373364 |