| beta-lactam susceptibility patterns and investigation of cephalosporin hydrolysing beta-lactamases of gram-negative extraintestinal clinical isolates. | of more than 3500 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 48-69% were resistant to aminopenicillins and 11-45% to amoxycillin+clavulanic acid. resistance to second and third generation cephalosporins was present in 11-17 and 3-8% of escherichia coli, 47-56 and 15-52% of klebsiella-enterobacter, 36-57 and 16-27% of proteus, providencia and morganella isolates. pseudomonas aeruginosa strains varied in their resistance to antipseudomonal beta-lactams. isoelectric points, inhibitor profiles and substrate pr ... | 2000 | 11118847 |
| a tem-2beta-lactamase encoded on an active tn1-like transposon in the genome of a clinical isolate of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | a constitutively expressed beta-lactamase gene from a clinical isolate of stenotrophomonas maltophilia, j675ia, has been cloned. its dna sequence is almost identical to that of bla(tem2) (one nucleotide change) and the expressed enzyme is a bush type 2a penicillinase with an amino acid sequence identical to that of tem-2. the bla(tem) gene was present within a novel tn1/tn3-type transposon in the genome of isolate j675ia and the transposon was able to mobilize bla(tem) on to the broad host-range ... | 2000 | 11102404 |
| survival of stenotrophomonas maltophilia following exposure to concentrations of tobramycin used in aerosolized therapy for cystic fibrosis patients. | the use of aerosolized tobramycin is an important component in the management of patients with cystic fibrosis, particularly those with chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. clinicians have been concerned that long-term therapy with aerosolized tobramycin may increase the risk of colonization with multi-resistant bacteria, including stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the ability of five strains (three clinical, two environmental) of s. maltophilia to survive exposure to 16000 microg/ml tobramycin ... | 2001 | 11137651 |
| comparison of serum bactericidal activity of ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and meropenem against stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | | 2001 | 11152445 |
| influence of an infectious disease service on antibiotic prescription behavior and selection of multiresistant pathogens. | a routine infectious disease service was established in january 1998 in order to optimize the antibiotic usage and prescription pattern of a neurologic intensive care unit (nicu). | 2000 | 11139159 |
| plasmid location and molecular heterogeneity of the l1 and l2 beta-lactamase genes of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | an approximately 200-kb plasmid has been purified from clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. this plasmid was found in all of the 10 isolates examined and contains both the l1 and the l2 beta-lactamase genes. the location of l1 and l2 on a plasmid makes it more likely that they could spread to other gram-negative bacteria, potentially causing clinical problems. sequence analysis of the 10 l1 genes revealed three novel genes, l1c, l1d, and l1e, with 8, 12, and 20% divergence from the ... | 2001 | 11158734 |
| [bacteremia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia: epidemiology, clinical features, and prognosis factors]. | the epidemiologic, clinical and prognostic characteristics of stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremias for a six-year period (january 1993 to december 1998) were reviewed. twenty episodes of s. maltophilia bacteremia were include, which represented 0.62% of all bacteremias caused by gram-negative rods during that period. seventy percent of bacteremias were clinically significant. the most common predisposing factors were the previous use of antimicrobial agents and the presence of vascular cathe ... | 2000 | 10953584 |
| the in vitro activity of sulbactam combined with third generation cephalosporins against third generation cephalosporin-resistant bacteria. | the in vitro activity of the beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam combined with cefuroxime, cefotaxime or ceftazidime in the ratio of 1:1 was studied against ceftazidime- or cefuroxime-resistant gram-negative rods and staphylococcus aureus. sulbactam enhanced the antibacterial activities of cefuroxime, cefotaxime and ceftazidime against gram-negative rods. the mic(90) of ceftazidime against escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, acinetobacter spp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa ... | 2001 | 11165119 |
| [nosocomial infections in neonatal and pediatric intensive care. the appeal of ciprofloxacin]. | nosocomial infections, caused by multiresistant bacteria, are very common in neonatal intensive care units (niu) and they engage the vital prognosis. material and methods: from january 1994 to december 1995, 29 children suffered from nosocomial infections due to multiresistant bacteria. results: bacteria were isolated in blood cultures and/or in cerebrospinal fluid and included klebsiella (14 cases), enterobacter (eight cases), pseudomonas (three cases), acinetobacter (one case), stenotrophomona ... | 2000 | 11147060 |
| improved isolation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia from the sputa of patients with cystic fibrosis using a selective medium. | | 2000 | 11168159 |
| clinical implications of stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: a study of 69 patients at 2 university hospitals. | we conducted a retrospective case study at 2 tertiary care centers to determine the clinical implications of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistant stenotrophomonas maltophilia (tsrsm). of 69 reviewed cases (mean age, 57 y; male gender, 70%), 40 (58%) were classified as infections associated with tsrsm (respiratory tract, 14; soft tissue, 11; bloodstream, 8; other sites, 7). severe underlying comorbidities (86%) and previous antibiotic exposure (99%) were common. cefotetan (susceptibility, 55%) ... | 2000 | 11200376 |
| resistance patterns among nosocomial pathogens: trends over the past few years. | multiple surveillance studies have demonstrated that resistance among prevalent pathogens is increasing at an alarming rate, leading to greater patient morbidity and mortality from nosocomial infections. among gram-positive organisms, the most important resistant pathogens are methicillin- (oxacillin-)resistant staphylococcus aureus, beta-lactam-resistant and multidrug-resistant pneumococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. important causes of gram-negative resistance include extended-spect ... | 2001 | 11171776 |
| the problem of a solvent exposable disulfide when preparing co(ii)-substituted metallo-beta-lactamase l1 from stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | in an effort to prepare co(ii)-substituted metallo-beta-lactamase l1 from stenotrophomonas maltophilia for future spectroscopic and mechanistic studies, two methods for the preparation of co(ii)-l1 were tested. method a involved adding cocl2 directly to apo-l1 under anaerobic conditions. the resulting enzyme contained 1.9 moles of cobalt and exhibited very little activity, and uv-vis, 1h nmr, and epr studies indicated that most of the cobalt in this sample was co(iii). method b involved reducing ... | 2001 | 11191226 |
| the formation of migratory ripples in a mixed species bacterial biofilm growing in turbulent flow. | mixed-species biofilms, consisting of klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas fluorescens and stenotrophomonas maltophilia, were grown in glass flow cells under either laminar or turbulent flow. the biofilms grown in laminar flow consisted of roughly circular-shaped microcolonies separated by water channels. in contrast, biofilm microcolonies grown in turbulent flow were elongated in the downstream direction, forming filamentous 'streamers'. moreover, biofilms growing in turbu ... | 1999 | 11207765 |
| metallo-beta-lactamase producers in environmental microbiota: new molecular class b enzyme in janthinobacterium lividum. | eleven environmental samples from different sources were screened for the presence of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing bacteria by using a selective enrichment medium containing a carbapenem antibiotic and subsequently testing each isolate for production of edta-inhibitable carbapenemase activity. a total of 15 metallo-beta-lactamase-producing isolates, including 10 stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates, 3 chryseobacterium spp., one aeromonas hydrophila isolate, and one janthinobacterium lividum ... | 2001 | 11181369 |
| analysis of bacterial community structure in sulfurous-oil-containing soils and detection of species carrying dibenzothiophene desulfurization (dsz) genes. | the selective effects of sulfur-containing hydrocarbons, with respect to changes in bacterial community structure and selection of desulfurizing organisms and genes, were studied in soil. samples taken from a polluted field soil (a) along a concentration gradient of sulfurous oil and from soil microcosms treated with dibenzothiophene (dbt)-containing petroleum (fsl soil) were analyzed. analyses included plate counts of total bacteria and of dbt utilizers, molecular community profiling via soil d ... | 2001 | 11229891 |
| prevalence of nonfermenters in clinical specimens. | one hundred and thirty three non fermenting gram negative bacilli isolated out of 625 different clinical specimens were identified and characterised. samples were exudate from chronic suppractive otits media (341), diabetic foot (117) wound (116) and blood (51). of these isolates pseudomonas aeruginosa 105(78.94%) predominated followed by acinetobacter sp 8 [6.1%], pseudomonas putrifaciens 6(4.5%), flavobacterium sp 6(4.5%), xanthomonas maltophilia 5(3.75%), alkaligenes sp 3 (2.25). 31 (23.30%) ... | 2000 | 11227617 |
| comparative activities of isepamicin, amikacin, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin alone or in combination with other antibiotics against stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | | 2001 | 11245333 |
| structures of the o4 and o18 antigens of stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a case of enantiomeric repeating units. | the o-specific side-chain polymers of lipopolysaccharides from the reference strains for stenotrophomonas maltophilia serogroups 04 and o18 are both xylosylated rhamnans. in the 04 polymer, both sugar components are the d isomers, whereas the o18 polymer contains only the l isomers. by means of nmr spectroscopy, methylation analysis and smith degradation, the repeating unit of the 04 polymer was identified as a doubly-branched pentasaccharide of the structure shown below. the o18 polymer is base ... | 2001 | 11217974 |
| structure of the o16 antigen of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | a polysaccharide containing d-ribose, n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, and n-acetyl-d-mannosamine was isolated from the phenol-soluble lipopolysaccharide extracted from defatted cell walls of the reference strain (560) for serogroup o16 of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the results of methylation analysis, chemical degradations, and nmr spectroscopy showed that the polysaccharide is based on a branched trisaccharide repeating-unit of the structure shown below. although ribose was absent from about half of ... | 2001 | 11217982 |
| characterization of oxytetracycline-resistant heterotrophic bacteria originating from hospital and freshwater fishfarm environments in england and ireland. | this ecotaxonomic study compared the antibiotic tolerance among culturable oxytetracyline-resistant (ot(r)) heterotrophic strains isolated from two aquatic environments representing human activities in health care and aquaculture, namely hospital effluents and freshwater fishfarms. using a standardized methodology, samples taken in england and ireland were analyzed to determine the antibiotic tolerance profiles of two groups of culturable ot(r) bacterial isolates at the intergeneric and intragen ... | 2000 | 11249032 |
| multicentre study of the in vitro activity of cefepime, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin, compared to other broad-spectrum agents. | the in vitro activity of cefepime was compared to that of a range of other broad-spectrum agents, using a gradient diffusion mic method, against 995 recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, other nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli, staphylococci (except oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus), streptococci, enterococci, and aerobic gram-positive bacilli. cefepime had excellent activity against enterobacteriaceae, including eight presumptive extended-spectrum ... | 2001 | 11280610 |
| persistence and variability of stenotrophomonas maltophilia in cystic fibrosis patients, madrid, 1991-1998. | during 1991 to 1998 at least one stenotrophomonas maltophilia pulmonary infection was observed in 25 (24%) of 104 cystic fibrosis patients at the same unit of our hospital in spain. ribotyping and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) characterization of 76 s. maltophilia isolates from these patients indicated an overall clonal incidence of 47.1%, reflecting new strains in 44% of patients with repeated positive cultures for s. maltophilia. six patients with repeated episodes were persistently c ... | 2001 | 11266301 |
| susceptibility of burkholderia cepacia and other pathogens of importance in cystic fibrosis to u.v. light. | to investigate the potential usefulness of u.v. germicidal irradiation (uvgi) in preventing the spread of burkholderia cepacia, an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (cf), the in-vitro susceptibility of b. cepacia to uvgi was determined. five strains were exposed to uvgi from a 7.2-w source. burkholderia cepacia was less susceptible to uvgi than other important cf-related pathogens, namely staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa, but was more susceptible than stenotrophomonas maltoph ... | 2001 | 11264740 |
| hospital infestation by the cluster fly, pollenia rudis sensu stricto fabricius 1794 (diptera: calliphoridae), and its possible role in transmission of bacterial pathogens in germany. | the potential of the cluster fly, pollenia rudis sensu stricto, to transmit bacterial pathogens was investigated during a mass infestation that took place in a german hospital. cluster flies were individually examined for mesophilic bacteria carried on the exoskeleton. bacterial growth could only be detected by using the enrichment culture technique to increase sensitivity, but not by direct intoculation of fly samples to agar plates. all 50 cluster fly samples that were tested carried opportuni ... | 2001 | 11279815 |
| in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against stenotrophomonas maltophilia blood isolates from patients with hematologic malignancies. | | 2001 | 11284945 |
| clustering of infections caused by different pfge types of stenotrophomonas maltophilia occurring simultaneously in a university hospital. | | 2001 | 11289781 |
| increasing threat of gram-negative bacteria. | the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has led to emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of many gram-negative organisms. this problem is particularly serious in critically ill patients, especially those with ventilator-associated pneumonia. extensive antibiotic resistance has developed in gram-negative bacteria, due both to innate resistance in some species and the fact that they are highly adept at acquiring antibiotic-resistant determinants from each other. antibiotic resistance ... | 2001 | 11292879 |
| recommended conservation of the names streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus rattus, streptococcus cricetus, and seven other names included in the approved lists of bacterial names. request for an opinion. | with reference to the first principle of the international code of nomenclature of bacteria, which emphasizes stability of names, it is proposed that the original names streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus rattus, streptococcus cricetus, erwinia ananas, eubacterium tarantellus, lactobacillus sake, nitrosococcus oceanus, pseudomonas betle, rickettsia canada and streptomyces rangoon, all included in the approved lists of bacterial names, be conserved. request for an opinion. | 2001 | 11321121 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of unique stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains. | susceptibility to 41 antimicrobials was studied with 99 stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains, and different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles were identified among 130 prospectively collected isolates. moxalactam, doxycycline, minocycline, and clinafloxacin displayed the highest activity (> or = 98% susceptibility). ticarcillin resistance (75%) was reverted by clavulanate in 25% of strains. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance was 26.2% (> or = 4 [trimethoprim]/76 [sulfamethoxazole] ... | 2001 | 11302834 |
| emerging importance of multidrug-resistant acinetobacter species and stenotrophomonas maltophilia as pathogens in seriously ill patients: geographic patterns, epidemiological features, and trends in the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (1997-1999). | as part of the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program, a total of 1078 acinetobacter species and 842 stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates were collected between january 1997 and december 1999 from 5 geographic regions (canada, the united states, latin america, europe, and the asia-pacific). the frequency of infections (by geographic region and body site), including those due to imipenem-resistant acinetobacter species and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz)-resistant s. maltophilia, was ... | 2001 | 11320451 |
| integration of molecular characterization of microorganisms in a global antimicrobial resistance surveillance program. | the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program has incorporated molecular strain typing and resistance genotyping as a means of providing additional information that may be useful for understanding pathogenic microorganisms worldwide. resistance phenotypes of interest include multidrug-resistant pathogens, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and fluoroquinolone-resistant (fqr) s ... | 2001 | 11320455 |
| complete mineralization of dodecyldimethylamine using a two-membered bacterial culture. | complete degradation of dodecyldimethylamine was achieved using a two-membered bacterial culture isolated from activated sludge. one member, identified as burkholderia cepacia, was capable of degrading the alkyl chain of the molecule. the other member, identified as stenotrophomonas maltophilia, was able to degrade dimethylamine, the product of the former. batch culture experiments revealed that the two-membered culture consisting of b. cepacia and s. maltophilia was based on a commensalistic re ... | 2001 | 11321543 |
| multidrug efflux pumps and antimicrobial resistance in pseudomonas aeruginosa and related organisms. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen characterized by an innate resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. a major contribution to this intrinsic multidrug resistance is provided by a number of broadly-specific multidrug efflux systems, including mexab-oprm and mexxy-oprm. in addition, these and two additional tripartite efflux systems, mexcd-oprj and mexef-oprn, promote acquired multidrug resistance as a result of mutational hyperexpression of the efflux genes. in additio ... | 2001 | 11321581 |
| antibiotic use and development of resistance in blood culture isolates: 8 years of experience from a cancer referral center. | the consumption of antimicrobial agents in a slovakian national cancer institute from 1989-1996 was compared with resistance rates in clinically significant blood culture isolates. we observed an increase in resistance of viridans streptococci to penicillin and of enterococci to ampicillin. resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin was stable over the entire period despite a 20-fold increase in vancomycin consumption. nor did we observe increased resistance to ofloxacin despite a 10-fold increase ... | 2001 | 11330359 |
| organization of the multiple coenzymes and subunits and role of the covalent flavin link in the complex heterotetrameric sarcosine oxidase. | heterotetrameric (alphabetagammadelta) sarcosine oxidase from corynebacterium sp. p-1 (ctsox) contains noncovalently bound fad and nad(+) and covalently bound fmn, attached to beta(his173). the beta(his173asn) mutant is expressed as a catalytically inactive, labile heterotetramer. the beta and delta subunits are lost during mutant enzyme purification, which yields a stable alphagamma complex. addition of stabilizing agents prevents loss of the delta but not the beta subunit. the covalent flavin ... | 2001 | 11330998 |
| susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from patients with cancer and bacteremia. | | 2001 | 11340542 |
| expression of multidrug efflux pump smedef by clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the presence of the multidrug efflux pump smedef was assessed in a collection of clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. all isolates encoded this pump, as demonstrated by pcr. forty-seven percent of the strains overproduced a protein of the same size that was immunoreactive against an anti-smef antibody, and 33% overexpressed the gene semd when they were tested by reverse transcription-pcr. a correlation between smedef overexpression and antibiotic resistance was observed. | 2001 | 11353642 |
| [infections caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia (sma) in intensive care patients--a prospective case-control study]. | the importance of stenotrophomonas maltophilia (sma) as an etiologic frequently polyresistant pathogen in severe nosocomial infections has increased. | 2001 | 11381633 |
| antibiotic resistance surveillance of stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 1993-1999. | | 2001 | 11418532 |
| presence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef and ground baby beef meat. | a total of 114 beef and baby beef samples were examined. the samples included ground baby beef, mixed ground baby beef and pork, and chopped and shaped meat. the samples were analyzed from 30 different grocery stores in zagreb, croatia. the object of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in the samples that can enhance the potential risk of outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. the results in all tested samples of e. coli o157:h7 were neg ... | 2001 | 11403139 |
| comparison of the antimicrobial tolerance of oxytetracycline-resistant heterotrophic bacteria isolated from hospital sewage and freshwater fishfarm water in belgium. | the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between antimicrobial tolerance and taxonomic diversity among the culturable oxytetracycline-resistant (ot(r)) heterotrophic bacterial population in two belgian aquatic sites receiving wastewater either from human medicine or from aquaculture. the study of ot(r) heterotrophs and mesophilic aeromonas spp. allowed comparison of tolerance data at the intergenus as well as at the intragenus level. in total, 354 independently obtained ot(r) is ... | 2001 | 11403391 |
| antimicrobial activities of gatifloxacin against nosocomial isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia measured by mic and time-kill studies. | we determined in vitro activities of gatifloxacin and seven other drugs against 100 isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia using the agar gradient diffusion (etest) method. percentages of susceptible isolates were as follows: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 90%; gatifloxacin, 71%; levofloxacin, 57%; ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, 54%; ceftazidime, 49%; ciprofloxacin, 29%; cefepime, 21%; and piperacillin-tazobactam, 20%. time-kill studies of three isolates indicated that gatifloxacin was bacterici ... | 2001 | 11408235 |
| recommendations for susceptibility tests on fastidious organisms and those requiring special handling. | fastidious organisms present problems in antimicrobial susceptibility testing related to particular cultural requirements or slow growth. methods for commonly isolated fastidious organisms, including haemolytic streptococci, neisseria spp. and haemophilus spp., are included in the description of the standardized disc diffusion method. however, some further information is given here for haemophilus influenzae and neisseria spp. other less commonly isolated fastidious organisms are detailed and mo ... | 2001 | 11420340 |
| binary culture biofilm formation by stenotrophomonas maltophilia and fusarium oxysporum. | binary culture biofilm formation by stenotrophomonas maltophilia and fusarium oxysporum was investigated using the recirculating modified robbins device batch culture system. sequential attachment studies were carried out in the robbins device on pvc and glass surfaces, with each species as either the first or the second colonizer. different surfaces had no significant effect on total numbers of s. maltophilia and f. oxysporum in the binary population biofilm. the attachment of the second coloni ... | 2001 | 11420659 |
| resistance to antibiotics and biocides among non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria. | to investigate the antibiotic and biocide susceptibilities of clinical isolates of rarely encountered gram-negative, non-fermenting bacteria. | 2001 | 11442564 |
| novel mechanism of hydrolysis of therapeutic beta-lactams by stenotrophomonas maltophilia l1 metallo-beta-lactamase. | stopped-flow tryptophan fluorescence under single turnover and pseudo-first-order conditions has been used to investigate the kinetic mechanism of beta-lactam hydrolysis by the stenotrophomonas maltophilia l1 metallo-beta-lactamase. for the cephalosporin substrates nitrocefin and cefaclor and the carbapenem meropenem, a substantial quench of fluorescence is observed on association of substrate with enzyme. we have assigned this to a rearrangement event subsequent to formation of an initial colli ... | 2001 | 11443136 |
| [trends for bacteremia and risk factors for death in a tertiary hospital in mexico city. 1981-1992]. | to describe the trends and risk factors of death for bacteremia in adult from a tertiary-care center from 1981 to 1992. | 2001 | 11432088 |
| comparative in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin in a north american surveillance study. | the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was compared to three marketed fluoroquinolones; ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin against over 4,000 recent clinical isolates covering 29 species isolated in the united states and canada between 1997-1999. based on mic(90)s, gemifloxacin was the most potent fluoroquinolone tested against a majority of gram-positive isolates: streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin resistant s. pneumoniae, macrolide resistant s. pneumoniae, cipro ... | 2001 | 11448564 |
| surveillance of antibiotic resistance in european icus. | antibiotic resistance among bacteria causing hospital-acquired infections poses a threat, particularly to patients in intensive care units (icus). in order to control the spread of resistant bacteria, local, regional and national resistance surveillance data must be used to develop efficient intervention strategies. in an attempt to identify national differences and the dynamics of antibiotic resistance in european icus, data have been merged from several networks of resistance surveillance perf ... | 2001 | 11439002 |
| production of n-acyl homoserine lactones by gram-negative bacteria isolated from contact lens wearers. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the production of n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl) signal molecules in ocular gram-negative bacteria. a total of 91 ocular strains isolated from contact lens adverse response patients and asymptomatic subjects were used in the study. these included acinetobacter, aeromonas hydrophila, escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella oxytoca, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia liquefaciens, serratia marcescens, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the bi ... | 2001 | 11446456 |
| long-term preservation of strains of burkholderia cepacia, pseudomonas spp. and stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. | long-term preservation methods are important in the maintenance of bacteria for downstream research applications. most clinical laboratories have only limited resources for archiving isolates and therefore require cost-effective and simple methods. an effective and cheap storage method using debrinated blood and maintenance at -80 degrees c is described. | 2001 | 11442821 |
| antibiotic resistance among gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria at a teaching hospital in saudi arabia. | the incidence and antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria isolated over 1 year at king abdulaziz university hospital, jeddah, saudi arabia were investigated. a total of 499 of these microorganisms were collected and account for 16% of all gram-negative bacteria isolated. the most common species were pseudomonas aeruginosa 291 (56%), acinetobacter baumannii 170 (34%), and stenotrophomonas maltophilia 35 (7%). 168 (34%) of these microorganisms were isolated from intensi ... | 2001 | 11450883 |
| efficacy of cefepime versus ceftazidime in the treatment of adult pneumonia. | effective empiric treatment of pneumonia requires antibiotic coverage against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, including drug-resistant isolates. this study evaluated the efficacy of cefepime treatment in 20 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and 21 patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap), and ceftazidime treatment in 20 patients with hap. the mean age of patients was over 70 years. more than half of the patients had multiple lobe involvement. there was no signifi ... | 2001 | 11456359 |
| isolation and characterisation of new gram-negative and gram-positive atrazine degrading bacteria from different french soils. | the capacity of 12 soils to degrade atrazine was studied in laboratory incubations using radiolabelled atrazine. eight soils showed enhanced degradation of this compound. twenty-five bacterial strains able to degrade atrazine were isolated by an enrichment method from 10 of these soils. these soils were chosen for their wide range of physico-chemical characteristics. their history of treatment with atrazine was also variable. the genetic diversity of atrazine degraders was determined by amplifie ... | 2001 | 11451526 |
| intralenticular abscess caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | | 2001 | 11450743 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia endophthalmitis after penetrating injury by a wooden splinter. | | 2001 | 11450746 |
| evaluation of the vitek 2 system for the identification and susceptibility testing of three species of nonfermenting gram-negative rods frequently isolated from clinical samples. | vitek 2 is a new automatic system for the identification and susceptibility testing of the most clinically important bacteria. in the present study 198 clinical isolates, including pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 146), acinetobacter baumannii (n = 25), and stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 27) were evaluated. reference susceptibility testing of cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin, tobramycin, levofloxacin (only for p. aeruginosa), co-trimox ... | 2001 | 11526158 |
| polymicrobial outbreak of intermittent peritoneal dialysis peritonitis during external wall renovation at a dialysis center. | to investigate an outbreak of peritonitis in intermittent peritoneal dialysis (ipd) patients. | 2001 | 11475346 |
| septicemia associated with stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a west african dwarf crocodile (osteolaemus tetraspis subsp. tetraspis). | a 17-year-old male captive west african dwarf crocodile (osteolaemus tetraspis subsp. tetraspis) died 1 month after fighting with a penmate. abrasions were present on the head and mandible. necropsy revealed a vegetative valvular lesion of the left atrioventricular valve, miliary foci of necrosis in the endocardium and myocardium, multiple duodenal and rectal ulcers, and serous atrophy of body fat. stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated in pure culture from lung, liver, and kidney. gram-negat ... | 2001 | 11482606 |
| occurrence of variants with temperature-dependent susceptibility (tds) to antibiotics among stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains. | susceptibility to 20 antibiotics was tested in 104 stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains at 37 and 30 degrees c by means of a dilution micromethod to verify the phenomenon of temperature-dependent susceptibility (tds). trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, pefloxacin and ofloxacin were the most active preparations at 37 degrees c (93, 90, and 86% of susceptible strains, respectively), whilst trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefoperazone-sulbactam and pefloxacin performed best at 30 degrees c (94, 94, and ... | 2001 | 11501404 |
| meteorite organics in planetary environments: hydrothermal release, surface activity, and microbial utilization. | up to 50% of the organics in the murchison meteorite, possibly including some of the polymer, is released in high temperature and pressure aqueous environments, to 350 degrees c and 250 bar, that simulate submarine volcanic, hydrothermal or impact-induced conditions. meteorite organics of prebiotic significance, such as nonanoic acid, glycine, and pyrene survive the hydrothermal conditions. the released material is surface active with surface pressures up to 19.8 x 10(-3) n m-1, and exhibits a ... | 1995 | 11538427 |
| [antibiotic therapy of cystic fibrosis in children]. | it is postulated that p. aeruginosa in monoculture or in association with staphylococcus aureus keeps its leading position in chronic bacterial inflammatory broncho-pulmonary processes in children with cystic fibrosis. antibiotic resistant strains of burkholderia cepacia, stenotrophomonas maltophila, alcaligenes xylosoxidans were revealed (7.1% of the strains). p. aeruginosa strains were susceptible to aminoglycosides, ciprofloxacin, and polymixin b. susceptibility of smooth and mucoid forms of ... | 2001 | 11544748 |
| cathelicidin peptides inhibit multiply antibiotic-resistant pathogens from patients with cystic fibrosis. | endogenous peptide antibiotics are under investigation as inhaled therapeutic agents for cystic fibrosis (cf) lung disease. the bactericidal activities of five cathelicidin peptides (ll37 [human], cap18 [rabbit], mcramp [mouse], rcramp [rat], and smap29 [sheep]), three novel alpha-helical peptides derived from smap29 and termed ovispirins (ov-1, ov-2, and ov-3), and two derivatives of cap18 were tested by broth microdilution assays. their mics were determined for multiply antibiotic-resistant ps ... | 2001 | 11557478 |
| infections caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia--a prospective study. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic microorganism, often highly resistant to routinely tested antibiotics. this microorganism is isolated in specimens from patients with nosocomial infections with increasing frequency. | 2001 | 11545481 |
| mineralization and co-metabolic degradation of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides by a pure bacterial culture isolated from an aquifer. | a mecoprop [(+/-)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid; mcpp]-degrading bacterium identified as stenotrophomonas maltophilia pm was isolated from a danish aquifer. besides mecoprop, the bacterium was also able to degrade mcpa [(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid)], mcpb [(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)butyric acid], 4-cpa [(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid], 2, 4-d [(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], 2, 4-dp [(+/-)-2-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid] and 2, 4-db [(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric ... | 2001 | 11549024 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia interaction with human epithelial respiratory cells in vitro. | bacteria of stenotrophomonas maltophilia have been isolated with increasing frequency from the airways of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients, usually following p. aeruginosa infections, but their adherence to human epithelial respiratory cells has never been investigated. in this study, various s. maltophilia strains were seen to adhere to epithelial respiratory cells in vitro, mainly along intercellular junctions. bacteria could also enter into host cells, as determined by the gentamicin exclusion a ... | 2001 | 11592630 |
| microbiological and immunologic considerations with aerosolized drug delivery. | the development of drug resistance is a major theoretical concern with the long-term delivery of aerosolized antibiotics via inhalation. a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, which compared inhaled tobramycin plus standard cystic fibrosis (cf) care to placebo plus standard cf care, examined the following microbiological parameters: percentage of patients with at least one pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) strain with a minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) > 16 microg/ml (ie, the brea ... | 2001 | 11555566 |
| use of random amplified polymorphic dna pcr to examine epidemiology of stenotrophomonas maltophilia and achromobacter (alcaligenes) xylosoxidans from patients with cystic fibrosis. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia and achromobacter (alcaligenes) xylosoxidans have been increasingly recognized as a cause of respiratory tract colonization in cystic fibrosis (cf). although both organisms have been associated with progressive deterioration of pulmonary function, demonstration of causality is lacking. to examine the molecular epidemiology of s. maltophilia and a. xylosoxidans in cf, isolates from patients monitored for up to 2 years were fingerprinted using a pcr-based randomly ampl ... | 2001 | 11574579 |
| fluoroquinolone susceptibilities of efflux-mediated multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and burkholderia cepacia. | the antibacterial activities of seven fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, bayy3118, clinafloxacin, gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin) against isogenic efflux-mediated multidrug-resistant strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and burkholderia cepacia, were compared. the results indicate that these fluoroquinolones are all substrates for the multidrug efflux systems of these organisms. clinafloxacin was found generally to be the most active agent aga ... | 2001 | 11581236 |
| [utility of prolonged incubation and terminal subcultures of blood cultures from immunocompromised patients]. | the value of blind terminal subcultures (7 and 30 days) and prolonged incubation (30 days) of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients was analyzed in the fundación favaloro, the fundación para la lucha contra las enfermedades neurológicas de la infancia and the hospital de niños ricardo gutiérrez. a total of 2707 blood cultures and 369 patients were included (transplantation of solid organs 154, oncohematologic disorders 106 and solid tumors 109). bact-alert bottles were incubated at 35 de ... | 2001 | 11594009 |
| [the change in bacterial flora and antibiotic resistance of bacteria of burn patients in our hospital during 1986-1996]. | in this article we investigated and analyzed the pathogenetic bacteria of burn infection and their drug resistance in recent 5 years from 1991. | 1999 | 11593615 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia meningitis - a rare cause of headache in the ed. | | 2001 | 11593485 |
| endocarditis caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | | 1999 | 11593523 |
| in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against common clinical bacterial isolates in taiwan. | the in vitro antimicrobial activities of moxifloxacin were compared with 7 other antimicrobial agents. a total of 707 isolates of 11 common pathogenic bacteria were collected from the national taiwan university hospital; antimicrobial activities against these isolates were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration using an agar-dilution method. most common pathogenic bacteria were susceptible to moxifloxacin, including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus, methicillin ... | 2001 | 11605808 |
| [new aspects of antibiotic resistance and possibilities of its prevention]. | new phenomena of the antibiotic resistance in bacteria have recently appeared. the may hold present explosive development of resistance and prevent its transferability from multiple drug resistant bacteria to still sensitive ones. they may prevent the production of so-called extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) among enterobacteriaceae producing resistance virtually to all penicillins and cephalosporins with exception of those antibiotics potentiated by clavulanic acid or sulbactam, the res ... | 2001 | 11678026 |
| cell fingerprinting: an approach to classifying cells according to mass profiles of digests of protein extracts. | we present a statistical framework for classifying cells according to the set of peptide masses obtained by mass spectrometric analysis of digestions of whole cell protein extracts. the digest is separated by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) coupled directly to a mass spectrometer either by an electrospray interface or by collection to a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization target plate. here, the mass to charge ratio, intensity, and hplc retention time of the peptides are me ... | 2001 | 11678037 |
| identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of alcaligenes xylosoxidans isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. | in the past decade, potential pathogens, including alcaligenes species, have been increasingly recovered from cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. accurate identification of multiply antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli is critical to understanding the epidemiology and clinical implications of emerging pathogens in cf. we examined the frequency of correct identification of alcaligenes spp. by microbiology laboratories affiliated with american cf patient care centers. selective media, an exotoxin ... | 2001 | 11682511 |
| in vitro susceptibility of stenotrophomonas maltophilia to various antimicrobial combinations. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as a significant pathogen in compromised patients, causing infections which are difficult to treat. clinical isolates from patients in the tucson area were tested against single and combination antibiotics using three testing methods. ticarcillin/clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and trovafloxacin provided comparable inhibitory activity, in vitro. ciprofloxacin, imipenem and ticarcillin were active less often. agreements between disk diffusion an ... | 2001 | 11687317 |
| infection and mucosal injury in cancer treatment. | the oral and gastrointestinal mucosa acts as an important mechanical barrier that prevents local or systemic invasion by microorganisms. cytotoxic chemotherapy-induced mucosal injury (mi) of oral cavity and intestinal epithelium occurs in many patients treated for malignancy. compromise of the mucosal barrier can contribute to local invasion by colonizing microorganisms and, subsequently, to systemic infection. historically, gram-negative bacteremia has been the most problematic bacterial infect ... | 2001 | 11694563 |
| [an update on the susceptibility of stenotrophomonas maltophilia]. | | 2001 | 11704768 |
| smedef multidrug efflux pump contributes to intrinsic multidrug resistance in stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen that displays high-level intrinsic resistance to a variety of structurally unrelated antimicrobial agents. efflux mechanisms are known to contribute to acquired multidrug resistance in this organism, and indeed, one such multidrug efflux system, smedef, was recently identified. still, the importance of smedef to intrinsic antibiotic resistance in s. maltophilia had not yet been determined. reverse transcription-pcr confirmed express ... | 2001 | 11709330 |
| 7alpha-oh epimerisation of bile acids via oxido-reduction with xanthomonas maltophilia. | the microbial 7alpha-oh epimerisation of cholic, chenodeoxycholic, and 12-ketochenodeoxycholic acids (7alpha-oh bile acids) with xanthomonas maltophilia cbs 827.97 to corresponding 7beta-oh derivatives with scarcity of oxygen is described. with normal pressure of oxygen the 7-oh oxidation products are obtained. no biotransformations are achieved in anaerobic conditions. the microbial 7alpha-oh epimerisation is achieved by oxidation of 7-oh function and subsequent reduction. partial purification, ... | 2002 | 11728521 |
| management of an older patient with stenotrophomonas maltophilia: is it an emerging pathogen in cystic fibrosis? | | 2001 | 11720067 |
| biclonal bacteremia due to stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a cancer patient. | | 2001 | 11714054 |
| identification of pandoraea species by 16s ribosomal dna-based pcr assays. | the recently described genus pandoraea contains five named species (pandoraea apista, pandoraea pulmonicola, pandoraea pnomenusa, pandoraea sputorum, and pandoraea norimbergensis) and four unnamed genomospecies. pandoraea spp. have mainly been recovered from the respiratory tracts of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. accurate genus- and species-level identification by routine clinical microbiology methods is difficult, and differentiation from burkholderia cepacia complex organisms may be especiall ... | 2001 | 11724860 |
| electronic ventilator temperature sensors as a potential source of respiratory tract colonization with stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia (s. maltophilia) is an important cause of nosocomial infection among ventilated and immunocompromised patients, and among patients receiving broad-spectrum antimicrobials. we report a cluster of patients in a surgical intensive care unit who were colonized or infected with s. maltophilia. an epidemiological investigation was initiated after surveillance data revealed that eight patients were culture-positive from sputum for s. maltophilia in the preceding month. revi ... | 2001 | 11740879 |
| acral necrosis by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia (sm) has been considered a nosocomial pathogen. nevertheless, community acquired infection may occur more frequently than usually recognized. | 2001 | 11730046 |
| burkholderia/stenotrophomonas. | | 2001 | 11764736 |
| absolute configuration of 3-hydroxy acids formed by stenotrophomonas maltophilia: application of multidimensional gas chromatography and circular dichroism spectroscopy. | the soil bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia was found to transform various long-chain fatty acids selectively into 3-hydroxy fatty acids of shorter chain length. their chiral evaluation was performed by multidimensional gas chromatography (mdgc) on modified cyclodextrin phase comparing the enantiodistribution of 1,3-diol formed without loss of stereochemical information from a representative microbial product with those of synthetic (3rs)- and (3s)-1,3-diols. enantiomeric excesses of 84-98% ... | 2002 | 11748801 |
| a novel metallo-beta-lactamase, mbl1b, produced by the environmental bacterium caulobacter crescentus. | caulobacter crescentus 101123 possesses a gene (mbl1b) encoding a metallo-beta-lactamase with 32% amino acid identity to the l1 metallo-beta-lactamase from stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the gene was cloned into an expression vector and the enzyme, mbl1b, was expressed in escherichia coli. mbl1b was purified. catalytic properties for several antibiotics were determined. the enzyme exhibits michaelis-menten kinetics for imipenem, meropenem and nitrocefin but substrate inhibition kinetics with cefo ... | 2001 | 11749954 |
| weeds as a source of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in agricultural soils. | the influence of plant growth promoting (pgp) activity of bacterial communities recovered from each of six weed species (barnyard grass (echinochloa crusfalli (l.) beauv.), corn spurrey (spergula arvensis l.), goldenrod (sonchus sp.), italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum l.), lamb's-quarters (chenopodium album l.), and quack grass (agropyron repens (l.) beauv.)) was examined in relation to the effect it had on the growth of the potato cultivar russet burbank. bacterial species composition and co ... | 2001 | 11766050 |
| distribution and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative isolates in intensive care units (icu) in belgian hospitals between 1996 and 1999. | to assess the distribution and prevalence of resistance rates among gram-negative isolates in belgian intensive care units (icus) between 1996 and 1999. | 2001 | 11770225 |
| comparison of two culture methods for detection of tobramycin-resistant gram-negative organisms in the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis. | a culture method utilizing quantitative plating on antibiotic-containing media has been proposed as a technique for the detection of tobramycin-resistant organisms that is more sensitive than standard methods. typical sputum culture methods quantitate the relative amounts of each distinct morphotype, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing of a single colony of each morphotype. sputum specimens from 240 cystic fibrosis patients were homogenized, serially diluted, and processed in parallel ... | 2002 | 11773088 |
| [high risk factors lead to noscomial pulmonary infections caused by mrsa]. | to investigate major risk factors leading to death by noscomial mrsa pulmonary infections. | 2000 | 11778507 |
| comparative in vitro potency of gemifloxacin and fluoroquinolones against recent european clinical isolates from a global surveillance study. | gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone with enhanced activity against gram-positive aerobes, was compared to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin against 21,464 recent isolates from 16 european countries. gemifloxacin was the most potent fluoroquinolone against streptococci including penicillin-, macrolide- and ciprofloxacin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, acinetobacter spp., haemophilus spp. and moraxella catarrhalis. this drug was ... | 2001 | 11783700 |
| liver abscess caused by stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia in a patient with aids. | | 2001 | 11774837 |
| [analysis of clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity tests of lower respiratory tract infection by xanthomonas maltophilia]. | to analyse the clinical characteristics of lower respiratory tract infection caused by xanthomonas maltophilia and to investigate the antibiotic sensitivity of xanthomonas maltophilia strains. | 1999 | 11775914 |
| smec, an outer membrane multidrug efflux protein of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | a homologue of the mexab-oprm multidrug efflux operon of pseudomonas aeruginosa, smeabc, was cloned from stenotrophomonas maltophilia by using, as a probe, a pcr product amplified from this organism with primers based on the mexb sequence. the smeabc genes were hyperexpressed in a mutant strain displaying resistance to several antimicrobials, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, and fluoroquinolones. deletions in smec but not smeb compromised this resistance, suggesting that smec contributed ... | 2002 | 11796339 |
| the major extracellular protease of the nosocomial pathogen stenotrophomonas maltophilia: characterization of the protein and molecular cloning of the gene. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly emerging as a multiresistant pathogen in the hospital environment. in immunosuppressed patients, these bacteria may cause severe infections associated with tissue lesions such as pulmonary hemorrhage. this suggests proteolysis as a possible pathogenic mechanism in these infections. this study describes a protease with broad specificity secreted by s. maltophilia. the gene, termed stmpr1, codes for a 63-kda precursor that is processed to the mature pro ... | 2002 | 11796713 |