| persistent occurrence of a single streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus clone in the pig and monkey population in indonesia. | in the present study 41 mucoid growing streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains (37 strains isolated from healthy two from diseased pigs, two strains isolated from healthy monkeys) appeared to be phenotypically and genotypically identical to mucoid growing s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains isolated from a previously described outbreak among the pig and monkey population on the island of bali, indonesia. these findings indicate that the mucoid growing s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus clone ... | 2004 | 15365243 |
| amplifying the manganese scavenging potential of streptococcus zooepidemicus to reactive oxygen species during production of hyaluronic acid. | streptococcus zooepidemicus (sz) is an aerotolerant bacteria and its ability to survive under reactive oxidant challenge raises the question of the existence of a defense system. thus growth, hyaluronic acid (ha) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) production by sz in the presence of increasing concentration of mn2+ were studied. the results suggested that the tested strain supported growth and ha production in cultures treated with 1 and 10 mm of mn2+ regardless of h2o2 presence in the medium. this sh ... | 2004 | 15468818 |
| diagnosis and treatment of presumptive pyelonephritis in an asian elephant (elephas maximus). | a 37-yr-old female asian elephant (elephas maximus) presented with anorexia, restlessness, and dark-colored urine. urinalyses showed hematuria, leukocyturia, isosthenuria, proteinuria, granular casts, and no calcium oxalate crystals. bloodwork revealed azotemia. urine culture revealed a pure growth of streptococcus zooepidemicus resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim but susceptible to cephalosporins. a presumptive diagnosis of pyelonephritis was made based on bloodwork, urinalysis, and urin ... | 2004 | 15526898 |
| evaluation of hyaluronan from different sources: streptococcus zooepidemicus, rooster comb, bovine vitreous, and human umbilical cord. | sodium hyaluronate (ha) is widely distributed in extracellular matrixes and can play a role in orchestrating cell function. consequently, many investigators have looked at the effect of exogenous ha on cell behavior in vitro. ha can be isolated from several sources (e.g., bacterial, rooster comb, umbilical cord) and therefore can possess diverse impurities. this current study compares the measured impurities and the differences in biological activity between ha preparations from these sources. i ... | 2004 | 15530025 |
| multiplex polymerase chain reaction for identification and differentiation of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and streptococcus equi subsp. equi. | the closely related streptococcal species streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and s. equi subsp. equi were identified by polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers designed according to species-specific parts of the superoxide dismutase a encoding gene soda. a further differentiation of both subspecies could be performed by amplification of the genes seeh and seei encoding the exotoxins seeh and seei, respectively, which could be detected for s. equi subsp. equi but not for s. e ... | 2004 | 15606870 |
| association between respiratory disease and bacterial and viral infections in british racehorses. | respiratory disease is important in horses, particularly in young thoroughbred racehorses, and inflammation that is detected in the trachea and bronchi (termed inflammatory airway disease [iad]) is more significant in this population in terms of impact and frequency than other presentations of respiratory disease. iad, which is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, mild clinical signs, and accumulation of mucus in the trachea, may be multifactorial, possibly involving infections and enviro ... | 2005 | 15634959 |
| microbiologic and pathologic findings in an epidemic of equine pericarditis. | during the spring and summer of 2001 and in association with the mare reproductive loss syndrome, 22 terminal and 12 clinical cases of equine pericarditis were diagnosed in central kentucky. actinobacillus species were the principal isolates from 8 of 10 nontreated, terminally affected and 3 of 10 clinically affected horses. enterococcus faecalis and streptococcus zooepidemicus were cultured from the remaining 2 nontreated terminal cases. no viruses were isolated in tissue culture. nucleic acid ... | 2005 | 15690949 |
| clinical efficacy of prophylactic administration of trimethoprim/sulfadiazine in a streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection model in ponies. | tissue chambers, implanted subcutaneously in the neck in six ponies, were inoculated with streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in order to determine the clinical efficacy of prophylactic administration of trimethoprim/sulfadiazine (tmp/sdz) against this infection. the tmp/sdz treatment consisted of one intravenous (i.v.) injection of 5 mg/kg tmp and 25 mg/kg sdz and the same dose of tmp/sdz per os (p.o.), both given 3 h before inoculation. the oral dose was then repeated every 12 h for 5 days ... | 2005 | 15720514 |
| stable production of hyaluronic acid in streptococcus zooepidemicus chemostats operated at high dilution rate. | hyaluronic acid is routinely produced through fermentation of both group a and c streptococci. despite significant production costs associated with short fermentations and removal of contaminating proteins released during entry into stationary phase, hyaluronic acid is typically produced in batch rather than continuous culture. the main reason is that hyaluronic acid synthesis has been found to be unstable in continuous culture except at very low dilution rates. here, we investigated the mechani ... | 2005 | 15803469 |
| identification and molecular characterization of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolated from camels (camelus dromedarius) and camel milk in kenya and somalia. | seventeen streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains isolated from camels and camel milk in kenya and somalia were identified by their cultural characteristics, by biochemical and serological reactions with the help of commercial identification systems and by molecular studies using a multiplex pcr. the isolates were further characterized by a pcr-mediated detection of size polymorphisms in the 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer region and the virulence gene szp and by amplification of the viru ... | 2005 | 15876228 |
| five-year follow-up of patients with epidemic glomerulonephritis due to streptococcus zooepidemicus. | in 1998 there was a large outbreak of acute glomerulonephritis in nova serrana, brazil, caused by group c streptococcus zooepidemicus. this study describes the follow-up of these patients, after a mean time of 5.4 years of the acute episode. | 2005 | 15919694 |
| production of hyaluronic acid by streptococcus: the effects of the addition of lysozyme and aeration on the formation and the rheological properties of the product. | the effects of the addition of lysozyme and forced aeration on the rheological properties and production of hyaluronic acid by streptococcus zooepidemicus were investigated. lysozyme was added to the culture broth in two pulses during the exponential and stationary phases of a fermentation carried out in a rotary shaker (150 rpm), using 200 ml erlenmeyer flasks. the effect of aeration was evaluated by feeding air into a 2.5 l fermentor at a 2 vvm rate. the effects were analyzed in terms of conce ... | 2005 | 15920278 |
| dissemination of the superantigen encoding genes seel, seem, szel and szem in streptococcus equi subsp. equi and streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. | bacterial superantigens are one of the major virulence factors produced by streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus. the two novel superantigen encoding genes seem and seel were described for s. equi subsp. equi which is known as the causative agent of strangles in equids. in the present study previously characterized s. equi subsp. equi strains and strains of various other animal pathogenic streptococcal species and subspecies were investigated for the presence of the superantigen encod ... | 2005 | 15953700 |
| epidemic glomerulonephritis due to streptococcus zooepidemicus in nova serrana, brazil. | in 1998, there was a large outbreak of acute glomerulonephritis in nova serrana, brazil, caused by group c streptococcus zooepidemicus. this article reviews the characteristics of the outbreak and some aspects of the patients' follow-up. | 2005 | 16014091 |
| phenotypic and genotypic properties of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolated from harbor seals (phoca vitulina) from the german north sea during the phocine distemper outbreak in 2002. | the present study was designed to identify and compare 32 beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from 28 different harbor seals of the german north sea during the phocine distemper outbreak in 2002. the bacteria were identified as streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus based on cultural, biochemical, serological and molecular studies. epidemiological investigations by pcr restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer region and gene szp and by macrorestri ... | 2005 | 16084036 |
| detection of equine herpesvirus type 1 using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. | equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv1) is a major disease of equids worldwide causing considerable losses to the horse industry. a variety of techniques, including pcr have been used to diagnose ehv1. some of these pcrs were used in combination with other techniques such as restriction enzyme analysis (rea) or hybridisation, making them cumbersome for routine diagnostic testing and increasing the chances of cross-contamination. furthermore, they involve the use of suspected carcinogens such as ethidium brom ... | 2006 | 16137772 |
| increase in hyaluronic acid production by streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus strain deficient in beta-glucuronidase in laboratory conditions. | streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus is known to produce a hyaluronic acid capsule to resist the host immune defense. as the structure of the polysaccharide is identical to the one produced by humans, the bacteria s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus is used in biotechnological production of hyaluronic acid. in our laboratory we prepared mutated strains that are beta-glucuronidase deficient. comparing the wild-type strain, which is positive in beta-glucuronidase activity, with the mutated strains nam ... | 2006 | 16292534 |
| effect of expressing polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis genes (phbcab) in streptococcus zooepidemicus on production of lactic acid and hyaluronic acid. | hyaluronic acid (ha) has been industrially produced using the gram-positive bacterium streptococcus zooepidemicus. large amount of lactic acid formation was one of the important factors that restricted cell growth and ha productivity and lowered the substrate to ha conversion efficiency in a fermentor. in this study, polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) synthesis genes (phbcab) of ralstonia eutropha were cloned from the plasmid pbhr68 and were inserted into the plasmid peu308, an expression vector for gram ... | 2006 | 16292535 |
| investigation of falsely reported resistance of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates from horses to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. | the objective of this study was to investigate the perceived increase in resistance of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) isolated from the lower respiratory tract of horses to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (sxt). the recorded sxt-susceptibility results of 50 s. zooepidemicus isolates from the tracheal wash fluid of equine patients examined at colorado state university veterinary teaching hospital from each of 2 time periods (1987-1990 and 1997-2001) were compared and sta ... | 2005 | 16312244 |
| a serum-free medium for colony growth and hyaluronic acid production by streptococcus zooepidemicus njust01. | a hyaluronic acid (ha)-producing strain, streptococcus zooepidemicus njust01, can grow in a serum-free agar medium, with starch as exclusive carbon source, but not glucose, sucrose, dextrine, xylose, or lactose. in this starch medium, the strain njust01 reproduced successively at 37 degrees c for 60 generations, with no obvious variation on morphology and physiology, but colonies of the strain after 60th generation could not produce a clear hemolytic zone on sheep blood agar plates. hyaluronic a ... | 2006 | 16344931 |
| use of leukocytes as treatment for endometritis in mares experimentally infected with streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. | this study compared four treatments for bacterial endometritis in mares experimentally infected with streptococcus zooepidemicus. twenty-five mares were used, 20 resistant and five susceptible to endometritis. mares would be in estrus when infected. twenty-four hours after inoculation, clinical, bacteriological and cytological examinations were performed and repeated until the first occurrence: negative cytology and no streptococcus growth or the seventh day post-infection. all mares showed clin ... | 2007 | 16488562 |
| culture conditions affect the molecular weight properties of hyaluronic acid produced by streptococcus zooepidemicus. | the effect of five culture variables on the molecular weight properties of hyaluronic acid (ha) produced by streptococcus zooepidemicus was studied in batch culture with a complex medium containing glucose and 10 g of yeast extract per liter. neither the culture ph (ph 6.3 to 8.0) nor the agitation speed (300 to 1,000 rpm) affected the weight-average molecular weight (m(infw)) of ha under anaerobic conditions at 37(deg)c when 20 g of glucose per liter was used initially. m(infw) was in the narro ... | 1997 | 16535649 |
| outbreak of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infections on the island of gran canaria associated with the consumption of inadequately pasteurized cheese. | streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infections are infrequent in humans. a clinical and epidemiological study of a milk-borne outbreak caused by this organism is described. fifteen patients (5 females, 10 males) with a median age of 70 years (range 47-86) were infected. twelve (80%) had underlying diseases. infection with s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus presented as primary bacteremia in six cases, as bacteremia associated with aortic aneurism in four cases, as septic arthritis in two cases, as ... | 2006 | 16550347 |
| uterine defense mechanisms in the mare: serum opsonins affecting phagocytosis of streptococcus zooepidemicus by equine neutrophils. | the addition of serum to uterine secretions was shown to opsonize streptococcus zooepidemicus and significantly enhance bacterial phagocytosis by equine neutrophils. treatment of serum by heat inactivation at 56 degrees c, edta treatment, and c3 consumption reduced phagocytosis and therefore demonstrated that the process was complement-dependent. the amount of c3 present in uterine secretions was measured in a series of 14 mares infected with streptococcus zooepidemicus . ten of the 14 mares had ... | 1984 | 16725887 |
| clearance of bacteria and non-antigenic markers following intra-uterine inoculation into maiden mares: effect of steroid hormone environment. | uterine response to inoculation with streptococcus zooepidemicus organisms (antigenic markers) and 15-mum microspheres and charcoal (non - antigenic markers) was determined in seasonally acyclic maiden mares treated with either progesterone (p) n = 4, estradiol (e) n = 4 or oil vehicle (c) n = 4. at 3, 7 and 15 d after inoculation with bacteria and the 2 non - antigenic markers, uteri were flushed and the clearance of these materials, as well as the number of white blood cells and immunoglobulin ... | 1986 | 16726168 |
| use of hyperimmune serum in treatment of endometritis in mares. | endometritis was induced in four progesterone-treated ovariectomized mares and in two seasonally anestrous mares by intrauterine infusion of streptococcus zooepidemicus. the bacteria were suspended in phosphate buffered saline (pbs), or in nonimmune or hyperimmune serum. uterine lavage was performed after 24 h. significantly fewer (p < 0.05) bacteria were recovered from mares which received hyperimmune serum than from mares which received nonimmune serum or pbs. there was no significant differen ... | 1988 | 16726531 |
| endometritis in the mare: a comparison between reproductive history and uterine biopsy as techniques for predicting susceptibility of mares to uterine infection. | thirty mares with no clinical signs of endometritis were categorized as being susceptible or resistant to uterine infection depending on whether or not they had a history of recurrent endometritis. the same mares were then independently classified as susceptible or resistant on the basis of their uterine biopsies; those with significant endometrial degeneration were considered to be susceptible to endometritis. the mares then received an intrauterine inoculation of pathogenic streptococcus zooep ... | 1989 | 16726682 |
| effect of susceptibility to endometritis on specific antibody in the endometria of mares. | endometrial biopsies were collected on two occasions from mares resistant to (n = 3) and once from mares susceptible to persistent endometritis (n = 6). the endometrial tissue was minced and cultured in vitro for 24 h. no hemolytic complement activity was detected in the endometrial culture supernatant. endometrial culture supernatant from mares with persistent endometritis contained titers of antibodies to streptococcus zooepidemicus similar to those from resistant mares. however, the culture s ... | 1990 | 16726814 |
| the effect of transcervical uterine manipulations on establishment of uterine infection in mares under the influence of progesterone. | four pony mares were used in a cross-over study to investigate the effect of different treatments on experimentally-induced endometritis. the mares were treated with progesterone to facilitate establishment of uterine infections. they received an intrauterine infusion of streptococcus zooepidemicus 5 days after the start of progesterone therapy. five days later, they were treated by intrauterine infusions of 2 g ampicillin in 50 ml sterile water or by sterile water without antibiotic for 3 conse ... | 1992 | 16727192 |
| potential pathogens carried by spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) in southern spain. | the spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) population of southern spain was surveyed for potential pathogens associated with the conjunctiva, external ear canal, as well as reproductive and upper respiratory tracts. we sampled 321 ibex (131 adult males, 100 adult females, and 90 yearlings); these included 271 apparently healthy animals and 50 that were naturally infected with sarcoptes scabiei. a total of 688 bacterial isolates were identified (377 gram-negatives, 225 gram-positives, and 86 my ... | 2006 | 16870855 |
| efficacy of oseltamivir phosphate to horses inoculated with equine influenza a virus. | we investigated the efficacy of the oral administration of oseltamivir phosphate (op) in horses experimentally infected with equine influenza a virus (h3n8). nine horses were divided into three horses each of control, treatment and prophylaxis groups. an administration protocol for the treatment group (2 mg/kg of body weight, twice a day for five days) was started immediately after the onset of pyrexia (above 38.9 degrees c). an administration protocol for the prophylaxis group (2 mg/kg of body ... | 2006 | 17019060 |
| mandibular condylectomy and meniscectomy for the treatment of septic temporomandibular joint arthritis in a horse. | to report use of mandibular condylectomy for treatment of advanced degenerative joint disease of the temporomandibular joint (tmj) caused by sepsis. | 2006 | 17026552 |
| proline-glutamic acid-proline-lysine peptide set as a specific antigen for the serological diagnosis of strangles. | the reactivity of synthesised peptide sets for the m-like proteins sem and szpse with sera from horses infected with streptococcus equi or streptococcus zooepidemicus, or control horses, was investigated by an elisa. seventeen horses were infected experimentally with s equi or s zooepidemicus, convalescent sera were obtained from 25 horses and control sera were obtained from 1945 horses. the serum antibody responses of individual horses to the peptide sets were highly variable. some of the pepti ... | 2006 | 17088298 |
| characterization of the arginine deiminase of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. | streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus is an important cause of infectious diseases in horses and rarely humans. little is known about the virulence factors or protective antigens of s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus. in the present study, i designed original primers based on an alignment of the gene sagp(arca) from streptococcus pyogenes encoding streptococcal acid glycoprotein-arginine deiminase (sagp/ad) to amplify the s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus counterpart sequence by polymerase chain reaction ... | 2006 | 17110979 |
| transrectal ultrasonography and plasma progestin profiles identifies feto-placental compromise in mares with experimentally induced placentitis. | transrectal ultrasonography of the caudal uterus and a progestin profile were evaluated for accuracy in identifying mares with feto-placental compromise in a model of placentitis. twenty-two pregnant ponies were divided into four groups: (1) control mares (n=5); (2) instrumented controls (n=2); (3) instrumented inoculated mares (n=11); (4) inoculated mares (n=4). mares in groups 3 and 4 were inoculated with streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. maternal plasma progestins, vulvar discharge, ma ... | 2007 | 17126392 |
| relatedness of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains isolated from harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) of various origins of the north sea during 1988-2005. | the present study was designed to identify 15 beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated during a period between 1988 and 2005 from nine harbour seals and six grey seals from various origins of the north sea. all isolates were identified as streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. the bacteria were additionally investigated for relatedness by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of pcr amplified 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer region and gene szp and by macrorestriction analysis of chromos ... | 2007 | 17169506 |
| characterization of the new beta-glucuronidase from streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. | recently, a new gene encoding beta-glucuronidase from streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (sez) was identified and expressed in escherichia coli. in this paper, the characterization of the enzyme is described. specific enzyme activity was 120,000 u/mg purified protein at 37 degrees c and ph = 7.0. the temperature and ph value, at which the enzyme has the highest specific activity, were determined and were found to be approximately 52 degrees c and 5.6, respectively. the mutant strain sez glc ... | 2007 | 17221200 |
| canine respiratory viruses. | acute contagious respiratory disease (kennel cough) is commonly described in dogs worldwide. the disease appears to be multifactorial and a number of viral and bacterial pathogens have been reported as potential aetiological agents, including canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus and bordetella bronchiseptica, as well as mycoplasmas, streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, canine herpesvirus and reovirus-1,-2 and -3. enhancement of pathogenicity by multiple infections can result in more ... | 2007 | 17296161 |
| atypical presentation of streptococcus zooepidemicus bacteraemia and secondary meningitis. | | 2007 | 17336452 |
| lancefield group b and c streptococci in east african camels (camelus dromedarius). | seventeen lancefield group c streptococci (13 streptococcus equi zooepidemicus and four streptococcus dysgalactiae equisimilis) and 185 lancefield group b streptococci (streptococcus agalactiae) were isolated from camels (camelus dromedarius) in kenya and somalia; 59 of the isolates were from healthy nasopharynx, vaginal and rectal mucosa and from non-abscessed lymph nodes, and the other 143 isolates were from clinical infections of the respiratory tract, tick bite lesions, abscessed lymph nodes ... | 2007 | 17351174 |
| comparison of the bacterial and fungal flora in the pharynx of normal horses and horses affected with pharyngitis. | a total of 43 horses were used for the study of the pharyngeal bacterial flora. the median value of the number of bacteria in the group of 19 normal horses was 3.8 x 10(4) cfu/g of secretions. this value was 6.4 x 10(4)cfu/g in horses with grade i pharyngitis, 1.3 x 10(5) cfu/g in horses with grade ii pharyngitis and 3.5 x 10(6) cfu/g in horses affected with grades iii and iv pharyngitis. corynebacterium spp, coagulase-negative staphylococci, nocardia spp, moraxella spp and enterobacter spp were ... | 1985 | 17422588 |
| aerobic bacterial isolates in horses in a university hospital, 1986-1988. | bacterial isolations were reviewed from equine trachea, guttural pouch, uterus, wounds, abscesses, blood, synovial fluid, and abdominal fluid submitted to the clinical bacteriology laboratory of the school of veterinary medicine at the university of montreal for aerobic bacterial culture from 1986 to 1988. of the 733 samples submitted, 324 (44%) were positive for bacterial growth, and 233 antimicrobial sensitivity tests were performed. seventy-six percent of all positive samples yielded one bact ... | 1991 | 17423784 |
| molecular epidemiology of streptococcus zooepidemicus infection in naturally occurring equine respiratory disease. | the objective of the study was to characterise the molecular epidemiology of streptococcus zooepidemicus infection among isolates collected sequentially from recently weaned, pasture maintained welsh mountain ponies with naturally occurring respiratory disease. weekly nasopharyngeal and tracheal lavage samplings over a 10-week period were conducted in 29 ponies. two pcr typing methods based on characterisation of the m-protein hypervariable (hv) region and the 16s-23s rrna gene intergenic spacer ... | 2008 | 17433734 |
| infection of internal umbilical remnant in foals by clostridium sordellii. | omphalitis and the resulting septicemia contribute to perinatal mortality in several animal species. in foals, the most important causes of omphalitis are escherichia coli and streptococcus zooepidemicus. however to date, no information has been published about the role of clostridium sordellii in these infections. in this paper, we describe 8 cases of perinatal mortality in foals associated with internal umbilical remnant infection by c. sordellii. the foals studied were between 12 and 21 days ... | 2007 | 17491067 |
| real-time pcr for detection and differentiation of streptococcus equi subsp. equi and streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. | strangles is a contagious equine disease caused by streptococcus equi subsp. equi. in this study, clinical strains of s. equi (n=24) and streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (n=24) were genetically characterized by sequencing of the 16s rrna and soda genes in order to devise a real-time pcr system that can detect s. equi and s. zooepidemicus and distinguish between them. sequencing demonstrated that all s. equi strains had the same 16s rrna sequence, whereas s. zooepidemicus strains could be ... | 2007 | 17531409 |
| relationships between uterine culture, cytology and pregnancy rates in a thoroughbred practice. | endometrial cytology and culture specimens (n=2123) were collected concurrently with a guarded uterine culture instrument from 970 mares (738 barren, 1230 foaling and 155 maiden mares) during three breeding seasons (2001-2004). results were compared to the 28-d pregnancy rate for the cycle from which the samples were taken. cytological smears were evaluated for inflammation at x100 and graded as: not inflammatory (0-2 neutrophils/field), moderate inflammation (2-5 neutrophils/field), severe infl ... | 2007 | 17583785 |
| epizootie due a streptococcus zooepidemicus. | | 1944 | 17648087 |
| genetic basis of murine antibacterial defense to streptococcal lung infection. | to evaluate the effect of genetic background on antibacterial defense to streptococcal infection, eight genetically diverse strains of mice (a/j, dba/2j, cast/ei, fvb/nj, balb/cj, c57bl/6j, 129/svimj, and c3h/hej) and tlr2-deficient mice (c57bl/6(tlr2-/-)) were infected with three doses of streptococcus zooepidemicus (500, 5,000, or 50,000 colony-forming units) by alveolar challenge. there was a range of susceptibility between the strains at each dose and time point (6, 24, and 96 h). at the low ... | 2007 | 17701033 |
| hyaluronic acid production by recombinant lactococcus lactis. | microbial hyaluronic acid (ha), commonly produced by pathogenic streptococcus, was made possible to be produced by a generally recognized as safe lactococcus lactis by coexpressing ha synthase and uridine diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase (udp-glcdh) of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in a nisin-controlled expression (nice) system. with scarce expressed ha synthase alone, the constructed recombinant l. lactis (ll-na) strain could produce ha with a concentration about 0.08 g/l in the m17 ... | 2007 | 17805528 |
| [spinal epidural abscess due to group c streptococcus]. | spinal epidural abscess is a rare clinical entity, presenting insidiously with nonspecific clinical manifestations. the diagnosis is usually difficult and, if not made early, the consequences may be disastrous. the therapeutic strategy consists of surgical drainage and systemic antibiotherapy for 4 to 6 weeks; in carefully selected patients, the surgical intervention may be avoided. we describe the case of a diabetic woman who presented with a spinal epidural abscess due to streptococcus equi su ... | 2007 | 17928789 |
| [development and characterization of monoclonal antibody against m-like protein of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus from pig]. | streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus belongs to lancefield group c streptococcus, which can cause disease both in animals and humans. it has been associated with a wide variety of serious infections, including meningitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis and mastitis. the m like proteins on the surface of s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus have an antiphagocytic role analogous to that of group a streptococcal m proteins that are essential in establishing infection. in the present study, the m-like gene ... | 2007 | 17944378 |
| an efficient process for production and purification of hyaluronic acid from streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. | growth of streptococcus zooepidemicus in a 10 l bioreactor with 50 g sucrose/l and 10 g casein hydrolysate/l gave 5-6 g hyaluronic acid/l after 24-28 h. purification of hyaluronic acid gave a recovery of 65% with the final material having an mr of approximately 4 x 10(6) da with less than 0.1% protein. | 2008 | 17957340 |
| idee reduces the bactericidal activity of equine neutrophils for streptococcus equi. | streptococcus equi (s. equi) causes equine strangles, a highly contagious and widespread purulent lymphadenitis of the head and neck. highly resistant to phagocytosis, it produces long extracellular chains in affected lymph nodes. in a screen of clones reactive with convalescent serum from a gene library of s. equi cf32 we identified idee, an igg-endopeptidase and homologue of the leucocyte receptor mac-1 (cd11b). idee is expressed during s. equi infection eliciting both serum and mucosal antibo ... | 2008 | 18077002 |
| a clonal outbreak of acute fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia in intensively housed (shelter) dogs caused by streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. | an outbreak of acute, fatal, hemorrhagic pneumonia was observed in more than 1,000 mixed breed dogs in a single animal shelter. the department of anatomic pathology at the university of california at davis school of veterinary medicine performed necropsies on dogs that were found moribund in acute respiratory distress or found dead with evidence of nasal bleeding. all dogs had hemothorax and an acute, fibrinosuppurative pneumonia. large numbers of gram-positive cocci were observed within the lun ... | 2008 | 18192575 |
| enhanced hyaluronic acid production of streptococcus zooepidemicus by an intermittent alkaline-stress strategy. | enhanced hyaluronic acid (ha) production of streptococcus zooepidemicus by redirecting carbon flux through an intermittent alkaline-stress strategy. | 2008 | 18221275 |
| streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus meningitis. | a 72-year-old woman was hospitalized for streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus meningitis. the same organism was cultured from her two horses. she denied contact with horses, but had a practice of consuming unpasteurized milk from a cow. the cow was in the same stable as the horses, and the ill woman's son milked the cow. | 2008 | 18287302 |
| bacterial isolates from equine infections in western canada (1998-2003). | all bacterial samples of equine origin submitted to the diagnostic laboratory at the western college of veterinary medicine from january 1998 to december 2003 from either "in-clinic" or field service cases were accessed (1323 submissions). the most common bacterial isolates from specific presenting signs were identified, along with their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. the most common site from which significant bacterial isolates were recovered was the respiratory tract, followe ... | 2008 | 18309745 |
| enhanced hyaluronic acid production by a two-stage culture strategy based on the modeling of batch and fed-batch cultivation of streptococcus zooepidemicus. | this study aimed to enhance hyaluronic acid (ha) production by a two-stage culture strategy based on the modeling of batch and fed-batch culture of streptococcus zooepidemicus. batch culture had higher specific ha synthesis rate while fed-batch culture had higher specific cell growth rate. the lower specific ha synthesis rate in fed-batch culture resulted from the competition of cell growth for the common precursors at a low substrate concentration. based on the modeling of batch and fed-batch c ... | 2008 | 18397825 |
| evolution of the hyaluronic acid synthesis (has) operon in streptococcus zooepidemicus and other pathogenic streptococci. | hyaluronic acid (ha) is a ubiquitous linear polysaccharide in vertebrates and also is the capsule material of some pathogenic bacteria including group a and c streptococci. in bacteria, the ha synthase occurs in an operon (has) coding for enzymes involved in the production of ha precursors. we report two new members of the has operon family from streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) and streptococcus equi subsp. equi (s. equi). the has operon of s. zooepidemicus contains, in ... | 2008 | 18551332 |
| microbial production of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid by adding hydrogen peroxide and ascorbate in batch culture of streptococcus zooepidemicus. | microbial production of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (ha) by the addition of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbate during the batch culture of streptococcus zooepidemicus was investigated. hydrogen peroxide (1.0 mmol/g ha) and ascorbate (0.5 mmol/g ha) were added at 8h and 12h to degrade ha. with the redox depolymerization of ha, the ha molecular weight decreased from 1,300 kda for the control to 80 kda, and the average broth viscosity during 8-16 h decreased from 360 mpa s for the control to ... | 2009 | 18619838 |
| genome sequence of a lancefield group c streptococcus zooepidemicus strain causing epidemic nephritis: new information about an old disease. | outbreaks of disease attributable to human error or natural causes can provide unique opportunities to gain new information about host-pathogen interactions and new leads for pathogenesis research. poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (psgn), a sequela of infection with pathogenic streptococci, is a common cause of preventable kidney disease worldwide. although psgn usually occurs after infection with group a streptococci, organisms of lancefield group c and g also can be responsible. despite de ... | 2008 | 18716664 |
| molecular identification of streptococcus equi subsp. equi and streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in nasal swabs samples from horses suffering respiratory infections in iran. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the existence of streptococcus equi subsp. equi and streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus as probable agents associated with naturally occurring infection of the equine upper respiratory disease in mashhad area. nasal swabs samples from thirty horses with upper respiratory tract infections were collected. the bacteria isolated and identified were streptococcus equi subsp. equi (1 isolate), streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (25 isolates), pasteu ... | 2008 | 18817175 |
| development of an unambiguous and discriminatory multilocus sequence typing scheme for the streptococcus zooepidemicus group. | the zoonotic pathogen streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) is commonly found harmlessly colonizing the equine nasopharynx. occasionally, strains can invade host tissues or cross species barriers, and s. zooepidemicus is associated with numerous different diseases in a variety of hosts, including inflammatory airway disease and abortion in horses, pneumonia in dogs and meningitis in humans. a biovar of s. zooepidemicus, streptococcus equi subsp. equi, is the causative agent ... | 2008 | 18832307 |
| determination of the mimic epitope of the m-like protein adhesin in swine streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. | the m-like protein, also known as szp, is expressed on the surface of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus). previous studies demonstrated that szp is similar to m protein of group a streptococcus in the structure and characteristics of antiphagocytosis. the m protein is an adhesin that can bind to the host cells, however it is not known whether the szp of s. zooepidemicus also functions as an adhesin. we conducted an investigation to determine szp as an adhesin, and one szp ... | 2008 | 18840263 |
| use of 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate labeling and mass spectrometry to determine the site of action of the streptococcolytic peptidoglycan hydrolase zoocin a. | zoocin a is a streptococcolytic peptidoglycan hydrolase with an unknown site of action that is produced by streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus 4881. zoocin a has now been determined to be a d-alanyl-l-alanine endopeptidase by digesting susceptible peptidoglycan with a combination of mutanolysin and zoocin a, separating the resulting muropeptides by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, and analyzing them by mass spectrometry (ms) in both the positive- and negative-ion modes to d ... | 2009 | 18978086 |
| a novel streptococcal integrative conjugative element involved in iron acquisition. | in this study, we determined the function of a novel non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) system carried by a streptococcal integrative conjugative element (ice), icese2. the nrps shares similarity with the yersiniabactin system found in the high-pathogenicity island of yersinia sp. and is the first of its kind to be identified in streptococci. we named the nrps product 'equibactin' and genes of this locus eqba-n. icese2, although absolutely conserved in streptococcus equi, the causative agen ... | 2008 | 18990191 |
| poorly differentiated leiomyosarcoma of the urogenital tract in a horse. | a 2-year-old thoroughbred filly was evaluated because of hemorrhage from the vulva and suspected hematuria of 5 days' duration. | 2008 | 19072607 |
| quantitative analysis of intracellular sugar phosphates and sugar nucleotides in encapsulated streptococci using hpaec-pad. | metabolomics is a powerful tool for the study of biological systems. besides analytical techniques, cell harvest and extraction are critical steps, especially when studying encapsulated streptococci. we have compared four different harvesting techniques for biomass from liquid culture of the hyaluronic acid (ha)-producing bacterium streptococcus zooepidemicus. the best method for cell separation was quick (2 min) centrifugation, which allowed efficient medium removal and enabled quantification o ... | 2009 | 19156726 |
| evidence for niche adaptation in the genome of the bovine pathogen streptococcus uberis. | streptococcus uberis, a gram positive bacterial pathogen responsible for a significant proportion of bovine mastitis in commercial dairy herds, colonises multiple body sites of the cow including the gut, genital tract and mammary gland. comparative analysis of the complete genome sequence of s. uberis strain 0140j was undertaken to help elucidate the biology of this effective bovine pathogen. | 2009 | 19175920 |
| characterization of streptococcus suis isolates from the diseased pigs in china between 2003 and 2007. | the aim of this study was to illustrate the characteristics of 407 strains of streptococcus suis (s. suis) isolated from diseased pigs in china. the results revealed that s. suis, with 56.6% of the streptococci isolates, had replaced streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus as the predominant agent. among the strains investigated, serotype 2 (43.2%) was most prevalent, followed by serotypes 3 (14.7%) and 4, 8, 5, 7, 1/2 (3.2-6.4%). serotype 2 was more frequently isolated from swine with systemic ... | 2009 | 19185432 |
| molecular epidemiology of streptococcus zooepidemicus isolated from the respiratory tracts of thoroughbred racehorses in training. | the objective of this study was to characterise the molecular epidemiology of streptococcus zooepidemicus isolated from the respiratory tracts of 198 thoroughbred racehorses based at three newmarket training yards over a 10 month period. typing utilised two separate pcr procedures targeting the m-like protein hypervariable and the 16s-23s rna gene intergenic spacer regions of the bacterium. s. zooepidemicus, isolated from 23% (224/983) of study samples, comprised 24 different types of varying pr ... | 2010 | 19201229 |
| comparative study on the influence of dissolved oxygen control approaches on the microbial hyaluronic acid production of streptococcus zooepidemicus. | three different dissolved oxygen (do) control approaches were proposed to improve hyaluronic acid (ha) production: a three-stage agitation speed control approach, a two-stage do control approach, and an oxygen vector perfluorodecalin (pfc) applied approach. in the three-stage agitation speed control approach, agitation speed was 200 rpm during 0-8 h, 400 rpm during 8-12 h, and 600 rpm during 12-20 h. in the two-stage do control strategy, do was controlled at above 10% during 0-8 h and at 5% duri ... | 2009 | 19205747 |
| use of induction promoters to regulate hyaluronan synthase and udp-glucose-6-dehydrogenase of streptococcus zooepidemicus expression in lactococcus lactis: a case study of the regulation mechanism of hyaluronic acid polymer. | to determine the effects of the ratios of hyaluronan synthase expression level to precursor sugar udp-glca biosynthesis ability on the molecular weight (mw) of hyaluronic acid (ha) in recombinant lactococcus lactis. | 2009 | 19302304 |
| proteome analysis of the hyaluronic acid-producing bacterium, streptococcus zooepidemicus. | streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) is a commensal of horses and an opportunistic pathogen in many animals and humans. some strains produce copious amounts of hyaluronic acid, making s. zooepidemicus an important industrial microorganism for the production of this valuable biopolymer used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. encapsulation by hyaluronic acid is considered an important virulence factor in other streptococci, though the importance in s. zooepidemicus ... | 2009 | 19327162 |
| mechanism analysis of effect of oxygen on molecular weight of hyaluronic acid produced by streptococcus zooepidemicus. | dissolved oxygen (do) has a significant effect on the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid (ha) during the fermentation of streptococcus zooepidemicus. therefore, to further investigate the effect of do on the yield and molecular weight of ha, this study compared the metabolic flux distribution of s. zooepidemicus under aerobic conditions at various do levels. the metabolic flux analysis demonstrated that the ha synthesis pathway, considered a dependent network, was little affected by the do leve ... | 2009 | 19349756 |
| prevalence and acquisition of the genes for zoocin a and zoocin a resistance in streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. | zoocin a is a streptococcolytic enzyme produced by streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus strain 4881. the zoocin a gene (zooa) and the gene specifying resistance to zoocin a (zif) are adjacent on the chromosome and are divergently transcribed. twenty-four s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains were analyzed to determine the genetic difference among three previously characterized as zoocin a producers (strains 4881, 9g, and 9h) and the 21 nonproducers. lt-pcr and southern hybridization studies re ... | 2009 | 19357799 |
| evaluation of systemic relaxin blood profiles in horses as a means of assessing placental function in high-risk pregnancies and responsiveness to therapeutic strategies. | placental insufficiency is regarded as the primary factor contributing to late-term abortion and perinatal death of foals. often when problems associated with late-term pregnancy in the horse are manifest the condition is well-advanced and therapeutic intervention may not be effective in rescuing the pregnancy. if a compromised pregnancy due to placental insufficiency could be identified early, the pregnancy might be sustained through medical intervention. because the placenta is the sole source ... | 2009 | 19416181 |
| hyaluronan molecular weight is controlled by udp-n-acetylglucosamine concentration in streptococcus zooepidemicus. | the molecular weight of hyaluronan is important for its rheological and biological function. the molecular mechanisms underlying chain termination and hence molecular weight control remain poorly understood, not only for hyaluronan synthases but also for other beta-polysaccharide synthases, e.g. cellulose, chitin, and 1,3-betaglucan synthases. in this work, we manipulated metabolite concentrations in the hyaluronan pathway by overexpressing the five genes of the hyaluronan synthesis operon in st ... | 2009 | 19451654 |
| outbreak of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection in a group of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | a severe upper respiratory tract infection occurred in a breeding group of rhesus monkeys housed together in one of six indoor/outdoor corals of the german primate center. the clinical signs of the disease included severe purulent conjunctivitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, respiratory distress and lethargy. six of 45 animals died within a few days after developing signs of infection. | 2009 | 19508349 |
| enhancement of hyaluronic acid production by batch culture of streptococcus zooepidemicus with n-dodecane as an oxygen vector. | this study aimed to examine the influence of adding an oxygen vector, n-dodecane, on hyaluronic acid (ha) production by batch culture of streptococcus zooepidemicus. owing to the high viscosity of culture broth, microbial ha production during 8-16 h was limited by the oxygen transfer coefficient k(l)a, which could be enhanced by adding n-dodecane. with the addition of n-dodecane to the culture medium to a final concentration of 5% (v/v), the average value of k(l)a during 8-16 h was increased to ... | 2009 | 19597318 |
| an outbreak of fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia caused by streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in shelter dogs. | an outbreak of fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia with 70-90% morbidity and 50% mortality occurred in an animal shelter in yangju, gyeonggi province, korea. clinically, the affected dogs showed severe respiratory distress within 48 h after arriving in the shelter. the dead were found mainly with nasal bleeding and hematemesis. at necropsy, hemothorax and hemorrhagic pneumonia along with severe pulmonary consolidation was observed, though histopathological analysis showed mainly hemorrhagic bronchopneum ... | 2009 | 19687630 |
| proteomic investigation of the impact of oxygen on the protein profiles of hyaluronic acid-producing streptococcus zooepidemicus. | hyaluronic acid (ha) is a linear and negatively charged polysaccharide regularly used in medicine and cosmetics. recently streptococcus zooepidemicus has been exploited in the fermentation industry to produce ha. many studies showed that higher amounts of ha were produced under aerobic condition compared to anaerobic conditions. to explore the effect of oxygen on the ha synthesis in s. zooepidemicus, 2-de was used to compare the proteomes of aerobically and anaerobically fermented bacteria to id ... | 2009 | 19688725 |
| modeling and optimization of microbial hyaluronic acid production by streptococcus zooepidemicus using radial basis function neural network coupling quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm. | hyaluronic acid (ha) is a natural biopolymer with unique physiochemical and biological properties and finds a wide range of applications in biomedical and cosmetic fields. it is important to increase ha production to meet the increasing ha market demand. this work is aimed to model and optimize the amino acids addition to enhance ha production of streptococcus zooepidemicus with radial basis function (rbf) neural network coupling quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (qpso) algorithm. in t ... | 2009 | 19691123 |
| zoonotic transmission of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus from a dog to a handler. | this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case report to describe the apparent transmission of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus from an infected dog to a handler who subsequently developed severe systemic infection. characterization of the haemolytic streptococci isolated from both the patient and the dog, by phenotypic and molecular analysis, confirmed the canine and human isolates were identical. | 2010 | 19745031 |
| understanding plasmid effect on hyaluronic acid molecular weight produced by streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. | hyaluronic acid is a biopolymer with valuable applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus cells transformed with a nisin-inducible, empty plasmid control displayed higher molecular weight. this increase in molecular weight is independent of the nisin promoter or antibiotic resistance. using 2d dige followed by mass spectrometry, we identified up-regulation of the last step in udp-n-acetyl-glucosamine biosynthesis (glmu) and down-regulat ... | 2010 | 19782148 |
| hyaluronic acid production is enhanced by the additional co-expression of udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase in lactococcus lactis. | hyaluronic acid (ha) production was metabolically engineered in lactococcus lactis by introducing the ha synthetic machinery from the has operon of the pathogenic bacterium streptococcus zooepidemicus. this study shows that the insertion of uridine diphosphate (udp)-glucose pyrophosphorylase (hasc) gene in addition to the ha synthase (hasa) and udp-glucose dehydrogenase (hasb) genes has a significant impact on increasing ha production. the recombinant l. lactis nz9000 strain transformed with the ... | 2010 | 19862515 |
| proliferation of streptococcus zooepidemicus and pseudomonas aeruginosa within a simulated subpalpebral lavage flushed with equine serum. | to evaluate whether equine serum administered via a simulated subpalpebral lavage system (spl) supports proliferation of streptococcus zooepidemicus or pseudomonas aeruginosa within the tubing. | 2009 | 19883463 |
| detection of chlamydophila caviae and streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in horses with signs of rhinitis and conjunctivitis. | at a stud farm of trakehner horses, all 33 foals of a birth cohort developed conjunctivitis and serous to muco-purulent rhinitis, and 7 older horses showed recurrent signs of conjunctivitis. examination of nasal and conjunctival swabs by bacterial and cell culture, as well as real-time pcr, arraytube microarray analysis and dna sequencing led to the identification of chlamydophila (c.) caviae (first description in horses) and streptococcus (s.) equi subsp. zooepidemicus. we presume a synergistic ... | 2010 | 19913370 |
| human bacterial arthritis caused by streptococcus zooepidemicus: report of a case. | septic arthritis caused by streptococcus zooepidemicus is a rare event in humans. of the four cases reported in the literature, only two patients had direct animal contact, and the portal of entry remained unclear in all cases. we report herein the case of a patient who suffered a purulent arthritis of the left shoulder caused by s. zooepidemicus, successfully treated in our department. a diagnostic fdg-pet-ct scan ruled out other foci of infection, but detected a hyperkeratotic plantar chronic ... | 2010 | 20004124 |
| protecting against streptococcus zooepidemicus opportunism: the challenge of vaccine design. | | 2010 | 20044283 |
| bioinformatics characterization of potential new beta-glucuronidase from streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. | recently, the gene coding for a new beta-glucuronidase enzyme has been identified and cloned from streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. this is another report of a beta-glucuronidase gene cloned from bacterial species. the orf finder analysis of a sequenced dna (embl, aj890474) revealed a presence of 1,785 bp large orf potentially coding for a 594 aa protein. three protein families in (pfam) domains were identified using the conserved domain database (cdd) analysis: pfam 02836, glycosyl hydro ... | 2010 | 20077037 |
| outbreak of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infections in cats. | streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) is a commensal of the mucous membranes and skin of animals, notably equine, and is associated with various infections in animals and humans. here, we describe an outbreak of respiratory disease in a cattery, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first report of s. zooepidemicus infection in cats. clinical disease was characterized firstly by abundant purulent nasal discharges and cough, progressing to sinusitis, dyspnea, symptoms o ... | 2010 | 20106608 |
| [effect of agitation on hyaluronic acid produced by streptococcus zooepidemicus by using computational fluid dynamics]. | agitation plays an important role in the hyaluronic acid (ha) fermentation process. however, views about the effect of agitation on ha production remain controversial. we investigated the effect of agitation on cell growth and ha synthesis during ha fermentation process by using computational fluid dynamics (cfd) technology. the results showed that the biomass and ha yield changed a little with the increase of impeller speed, but the ha molecular weight firstly increased and then decreased. the ... | 2009 | 20222466 |
| characterization of the haem-uptake system of the equine pathogen streptococcus equi subsp. equi. | streptococcus equi possesses a haem-uptake system homologous to that of streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus zooepidemicus. the system consists of two ligand-binding proteins (shr and shp) and proteins (htsa-c) with homology to an abc transporter. the haem-uptake system of s. equi differs from that of s. pyogenes and s. zooepidemicus in that shr is truncated by two-thirds. this study focused on the seshr, seshp and sehtsa proteins of s. equi. analysis of shr, shp and shphtsa knockout mutants ... | 2010 | 20223800 |
| bacterial infections in horses: a retrospective study at the university equine clinic of bern. | bacterial infections present a major challenge in equine medicine. therapy should be based on bacteriological diagnosis to successfully minimize the increasing number of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. the present study is a retrospective analysis of bacteriological results from purulent infections in horses admitted at the university equine clinic of bern from 2004 to 2008. from 378 samples analyzed, 557 isolates were identified, of which staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus ... | 2010 | 20361396 |
| microbial production of hyaluronic acid from agricultural resource derivatives. | agricultural resource derivatives (ards) such as hydrolysate soy protein concentrate (hspc), whey protein concentrate (wpc), and cashew apple juice (caj) were studied with focus on the production of hyaluronic acid (ha) by streptococcus zooepidemicus. supplementation of the media with corn steep liquor (csl) was also evaluated. synthetic medium containing glucose and yeast extract was used as control. caj was a promising medium for the production of ha. it produced the highest amount of ha (0.89 ... | 2010 | 20363616 |
| metabolic effects of the initial glucose concentration on microbial production of hyaluronic acid. | the objective of the present work was to evaluate the metabolic effects induced by the initial glucose concentration (igc) on the cultivation of streptococcus zooepidemicus for the production of hyaluronic acid (ha). these effects were monitored along non-controlled ph cultivations, carried out in 250-ml erlenmeyer flasks (natural aeration) and in a 3-l bioreactor (forced aeration) as well. effects of the igc were observed with focus on the main metabolites, cell growth, production, and average ... | 2010 | 20411440 |
| treatment efficacy of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, pentoxifylline and altrenogest in experimentally induced equine placentitis. | the objective was to determine if long-term treatment with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (antimicrobial), pentoxifylline (anti-inflammatory/anti-cytokine) and altrenogest (synthetic progestin), would improve pregnancy outcome in mares with experimentally induced placentitis. seventeen normal, pregnant pony mares were enrolled in the study at 280-295 d of pregnancy. placentitis was induced in all mares by intra-cervical inoculation of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (10(7) cfu). five mare ... | 2010 | 20416936 |
| ceftiofur susceptibility of streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus isolated from horses in north america between 1989 and 2008. | in vitro activity of ceftiofur and six other antimicrobial agents was assessed for 516 streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus isolates collected from horses with lower respiratory tract infections in north america in 2007 and 2008 and 239 equine s. equi subsp zooepidemicus isolates received from us and canadian veterinary diagnostic laboratories between 1989 and 2007. the lowest concentration of ceftiofur inhibiting the growth of 90% of the isolates (mic90) was 0.12 microg/ml for both groups of ... | 2009 | 20425725 |
| in vitro susceptibility of ceftiofur against streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus and subsp equi isolated from horses with lower respiratory disease in europe since 2002. | in vitro activity of ceftiofur and six other antimicrobial agents was evaluated against 79 streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus isolates collected from horses with respiratory disease in europe during 2007 and 2008. in addition, the in vitro activity of ceftiofur and other antimicrobial drugs was assessed against 59 s. equi subsp zooepidemicus and 49 s. equi subsp equi isolates collected by veterinary diagnostic laboratories in europe from 2002 to 2006. the lowest concentration of ceftiofur th ... | 2009 | 20425729 |