Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| urbanization and geographic expansion of zoonotic arboviral diseases: mechanisms and potential strategies for prevention. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) mainly infect people via direct spillover from enzootic cycles. however, dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever viruses have repeatedly initiated urban transmission cycles involving human amplification and peridomestic mosquito vectors to cause major epidemics. here, i review these urban emergences and potential strategies for their prevention and control. | 0 | 23910545 |
| uganda s and yellow fever viruses; a slight relationship shown by experiments in rhesus monkeys and white mice. | 1953 | 13093910 | |
| hemagglutination with arthropod-borne viruses. | through the use of acetone and ether extraction of brain tissue from newborn mice infected with certain arthropod-borne viruses, it has been possible to demonstrate hemagglutinins for chick erythrocytes associated with the following viruses: dengue type 1, dengue type 2, eastern equine encephalitis, ilhéus, japanese b, ntaya, st. louis, sindbis, uganda s, venezuelan equine encephalitis, west nile (egypt 101 strain), western equine encephalitis, and yellow fever (viscerotropic and neurotropic str ... | 1954 | 13163320 |
| clinical and serologic response of man to immunization with attenuated dengue and yellow fever viruses. | 1956 | 13385504 | |
| experimental infection of new world monkeys with dengue and yellow fever viruses. | 1958 | 13559592 | |
| the distribution of antibodies to japanese encephalitis, dengue, and yellow fever viruses in five rural communities in malaya. | 1958 | 13556868 | |
| effects of cortisone on in vitro viral infection. i. inhibition of cytopathogenesis by polio, rabies and yellow fever viruses in human embryonic cells. | 1965 | 14297833 | |
| some fundamental characteristics of dengue and yellow fever viruses: inhomogeneity and characterization of partially purified viral particles. | 1967 | 5590739 | |
| evaluation of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods for antibody determination against chikungunya, west nile and yellow fever viruses. | 1979 | 391161 | |
| seroepidemiologic studies in oaxaca, mexico. ii. survey for arbovirus antibody. | a serologic survey was conducted in south-western mexico to obtain information on human experience with arbovirus infections. sera were collected from two semitropical areas along the pacific coast of oaxaca state, two mountain areas above 1,700 meters and the interior valley at 1,500 meters. of the 610 sera tested for group a antibody, 4.9 per cent were positive in the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test to venezuelan (ve), 11 per cent to eastern, and none to western encephalitis viruses. in ... | 1979 | 539866 |
| an investigation of flavivirus infections of cattle in zimbabwe rhodesia with particular reference to wesselsbron virus. | a three-part epidemiological investigation was made on flaviviruses:1. as a preliminary to tests on cattle sera from the field, the antigenic cross-reactivity of wesselsbron, spondweni, usutu, banzi, west nile and yellow fever flaviviruses was studied in antisera prepared in guinea pigs. as described earlier for flaviviruses, sera were found to be highly cross-reactive in haemagglutination-inhibition (hai) tests, less cross-reactive in complement-fixation (cf) tests and were virtually monospecif ... | 1980 | 6300226 |
| cross-reactive killer t lymphocytes in a flavivirus infection. | splenocytes from mice immunized intravenously with one dose of langat or yellow fever viruses were cytotoxic for target cells infected with virulent tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus; cytotoxicity was measured by 51cr release from target l929 cells. no significant lysis of the tbe virus-infected taget cells with splenocytes from sindbis virus-infected mice was noted. | 1980 | 6106380 |
| arthropod-borne virus antibodies in sera of residents of kainji lake basin, nigeria 1980. | a survey for haemagglutination-inhibiting arthropod-borne virus antibody was carried out in the kainji lake area of nigeria. of 267 persons tested, 139 (52%) and 158 (59%) had alphavirus and flavivirus group hi antibody, respectively. the prevalence of antibody to individual virus antigen is as follows: chikungunya, 45%; semliki forest, 25%; sindbis, 33%, yellow fever, 31%, dengue type 2, 46%; and zika 56%. the presence of high antibody rates to chikungunya, dengue type 2 and yellow fever viruse ... | 1983 | 6306872 |
| comparative immunochemical and biological analysis of african and south american yellow fever viruses. | four geographic variants (topotypes) of yellow fever (yf) virus from africa and south america previously determined by rna oligonucleotide mapping were analyzed for their structural, antigenic and virulence characteristics. the electrophoretic migration mobility and carbohydrate content of the envelope protein e characterized yf virus strains of south america. the ns 1 protein of south american and central african yf virus strains was not precipitated by anti-ns 1 monoclonal antibodies (mab) tha ... | 1987 | 2437890 |
| cross-infection enhancement among african flaviviruses by immune mouse ascitic fluids. | cross-infection enhancement of seven african flaviviruses by subneutralising concentrations of antibody in immune ascitic fluids was investigated in p388d1 cell culture. infection by all the seven flaviviruses tested was enhanced by homologous and at least one of six heterologous immune mouse ascitic fluids (imaf) tested. enhancement ratios and enhancing antibody titres were higher in homologous than in heterologous enhancement. zika, wesselsbron, uganda s and west nile viruses were enhanced in ... | 1987 | 3028713 |
| [hemorrhagic fever viruses in madagascar]. | the authors remind, what are the viral haemorrhagic fevers, and explain the situation in madagascar. the viruses of crimée-congo haemorrhagic fever, rift valley fever and haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome are present in madagascar. there is no real proof about the presence of dengue viruses. the yellow fever viruses have never been stown off. it seems that there was not diagnosed outbreak of haemorrhagic fever, since the beginning of our century. | 1988 | 3242423 |
| nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the nonstructural proteins of dengue type 2 virus, jamaica genotype: comparative analysis of the full-length genome. | the sequence of the 5'-end of the genome of dengue 2 (jamaica genotype) virus has been previously reported (v. deubel, r. m. kinney, and d. w. trent, 1986, virology 155, 365-377). we have now cloned and sequenced the remaining 75% of the genomic rna that encodes the nonstructural proteins. the complete genome is 10,723 bases in length with a single open reading frame extending from nucleotides 97 to 10,269 encoding 3391 amino acids. the 3'-noncoding extremity presents a stem- and loop-structure ... | 1988 | 3388770 |
| [serological study of the virus responsible for hemorrhagic fever in an urban population of cameroon]. | a sero-epidemiological study of hemorrhagic fever viruses in a urban population of cameroon. the authors report the results of a sero-epidemiological survey undertaken in a urban population of cameroon and concerning congo, rift (rvf), lassa, ebola, marburg and yellow fever viruses. on 375 human sera tested, 1.06% show antibodies against rvf virus and 1.87% are positive for anti-ebola antibodies thus yielding evidence that these two viruses are present in this area of cameroon. 33.75% have antib ... | 1988 | 3064937 |
| expression of the yellow fever virus envelope protein using hybrid sv40/yellow fever viruses. | the cdna coding for the yellow fever virus (yfv) envelope protein (e) was inserted into an sv40 vector under the control of the late promoter in place of the vp1 gene. the recombinant virus expressed a 52-kd polypeptide which was detected by immunoprecipitation with a monoclonal antibody raised against the e protein. surprisingly, this protein was visualized in the nucleus of the infected cells. the possible presence of a sequence involved in nuclear migration of the e protein and naturally igno ... | 1988 | 3061412 |
| terminal sequences of the replicative form of rna of the japanese encephalitis virus. | the 5' and 3' terminal sequences of the replicative form (rf) of rna of a flavivirus, the japanese encephalitis (je) virus, strain ja0ars982, have been determined by in vitro labelling and mobility shift analysis. the plus strand sequence was 5'agaaguuuaucugugugaa...ucuoh3', while the minus strand sequence was 5'agauccuguguucuuccuca...ucuoh3'. these sequences were similar to those of west nile (wn) virus being identical in 12 nucleotides at the 5'terminal of the minus strand, and in the 5'termin ... | 1988 | 2897776 |
| flaviviruses can mediate fusion from without in aedes albopictus mosquito cell cultures. | flavivirus-induced polykaryocytes were detected in monolayers of aedes albopictus (clone c6/36) mosquito cells as early as 20 min after adsorbing virus to these cells. a high multiplicity of infection with dengue (den)-1, 2, 3, 4, japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses was required to demonstrate fusion from without (ffwo) with these flaviviruses. optimal conditions for ffwo included exposure of adsorbed virus to ph 6.0 and an incubation temperature of 39 degrees c. den-2 monoclonal ant ... | 1989 | 2543161 |
| complement fixing antibodies against arboviruses in horses at lagos, nigeria. | sixty-two sera horse collected from two stables at lagos, nigeria, were tested for complement fixing antibody to 8 arbovirus antigens; chikungunya, igbo-ora, yellow fever, wesselsbron, west nile, potiskum, uganda s and rift valley fever. ten per cent of the horse sera examined contained cf antibody to one or more of the test antigens and indicated considerable arbovirus activity in the two stables. reactions with flavivirus antigens were most common and the highest antibody titres were obtained ... | 1989 | 2485538 |
| effect of administration of sodium aurothiomalate on the virulence of yellow fever viruses in adult mice. | administration of sodium aurothiomalate (satm) to adult mice results in a reduction of their average survival time (ast) following intracerebral challenge with the wild-type strains, asibi and french viscerotropic virus (fvv), of yellow fever (yf) virus. most attenuated 17d yf vaccines, derived by passage of the wild-type asibi strain in chick tissue, showed no reduction in ast following intracerebral challenge and administration of satm. in contrast, challenge with the majority of live attenuat ... | 1990 | 2128429 |
| global climate change and infectious diseases. | the effects of global climate change on infectious diseases are hypothetical until more is known about the degree of change in temperature and humidity that will occur. diseases most likely to increase in their distribution and severity have three-factor (agent, vector, and human being) and four-factor (plus vertebrate reservoir host) ecology. aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes may move northward and have more rapid metamorphosis with global warming. these mosquitoes transmit dengue v ... | 1991 | 1820262 |
| use of ns3 consensus primers for the polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of dengue viruses and other flaviviruses. | consensus primers for the polymerase chain reaction were designed based on conserved motifs within the serine protease and rna helicase domains encoded by the ns 3 genes of dengue and other flaviviruses. target fragments of 470 bp were amplified on cdna templates synthesized from rnas of dengue types 1, 2, 3, and 4, japanese encephalitis, kunjin, and yellow fever viruses using random or specific downstream primers. pcr of oligo(dt)-primed cdnas from japanese encephalitis and kunjin viral rnas di ... | 1993 | 8240006 |
| detection of west nile virus by the polymerase chain reaction and analysis of nucleotide sequence variation. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to rapidly detect and identify west nile (wn) virus. the rna from seven isolates of wn virus from six countries and four other flaviviruses (kunjin, japanese encephalitis, st. louis encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses) was reverse-transcribed (rt) and amplified by pcr. the nucleotide sequences of the amplified products were determined by a rapid, automated dna sequencing method. the wn virus rt/pcr assay detected the target gene segment of ... | 1993 | 8470779 |
| dengue virus-specific human cd4+ t-lymphocyte responses in a recipient of an experimental live-attenuated dengue virus type 1 vaccine: bulk culture proliferation, clonal analysis, and precursor frequency determination. | we analyzed the cd4+ t-lymphocyte responses to dengue, west nile, and yellow fever viruses 4 months after immunization of a volunteer with an experimental live-attenuated dengue virus type 1 vaccine (den-1 45az5). we examined bulk culture proliferation to noninfectious antigens, determined the precursor frequency of specific cd4+ t cells by limiting dilution, and established and analyzed cd4+ t-cell clones. bulk culture proliferation was predominantly dengue virus type 1 specific with a lesser d ... | 1993 | 8371350 |
| geographic distribution and evolution of yellow fever viruses based on direct sequencing of genomic cdna fragments. | we have compared the nucleotide sequence of an envelope protein gene fragment encoding amino acids 291 to 406 of 22 yellow fever (yf) virus strains of diverse geographic and host origins isolated over a 63 year time span. the nucleotide fragment of viral rna was examined by direct sequencing of a pcr product derived from complementary dna. alignment with the prototype asibi strain sequence showed divergence of 0 to 21.5% corresponding to a maximum of 5.2% divergence in the amino acid sequence. t ... | 1994 | 8113765 |
| nucleotide sequence variation of the envelope protein gene identifies two distinct genotypes of yellow fever virus. | the evolution of yellow fever virus over 67 years was investigated by comparing the nucleotide sequences of the envelope (e) protein genes of 20 viruses isolated in africa, the caribbean, and south america. uniformly weighted parsimony algorithm analysis defined two major evolutionary yellow fever virus lineages designated e genotypes i and ii. e genotype i contained viruses isolated from east and central africa. e genotype ii viruses were divided into two sublineages: iia viruses from west afri ... | 1995 | 7637022 |
| rapid, single-step rt-pcr typing of dengue viruses using five ns3 gene primers. | in order to detect and type dengue viruses in serum specimens, four type-specific downstream primers were designed for use with a consensus upstream primer in a reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay. rt-pcr using these five primers amplified ns3 gene fragments of diagnostic sizes of 169, 362, 265 and 426 base pairs for dengue virus types 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, but not for japanese encephalitis, kunjin and yellow fever viruses. the conventional two-step rt-pcr p ... | 1995 | 7738139 |
| imported yellow fever in a united states citizen. | the last imported case of yellow fever seen in this country was in 1924. we report a case of yellow fever acquired by an american tourist who visited the jungles of brazil along the rio negro and amazon rivers. the patient died 6 days after hospital admission and 10 days after his first symptoms appeared. yellow fever virus was recovered from clinical specimens, and the isolate was genetically similar to the e genotype iib of south american yellow fever viruses. this patient's illness represents ... | 1997 | 9402373 |
| identification of brazilian flaviviruses by a simplified reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method using flavivirus universal primers. | we report a simplified reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method for identification of brazilian flaviviruses based on the patterns of electrophoretic separation of the amplicons. the rt-pcr was done on the culture fluids of aedes albopictus c6/36 cells infected with brazilian flaviviruses, without previous extraction of viral rna, using flavivirus universal primers that anneal to highly conserved sequences within the nonstructural protein 5 and 3'- non translated region of ... | 1998 | 9749625 |
| differing infection patterns of dengue and yellow fever viruses in a human hepatoma cell line. | dengue (den) and yellow fever (yf) viruses are responsible for human diseases with symptoms ranging from mild fever to hepatitis and/or hemorrhages. whereas den virus typically induces only limited foci of necrosis in the liver, yf virus infection is characterized by devastating lesions. in a human hepatoma cell line (hepg2), the kinetics of den and yf virus replication and release from the cells and the nature of host cell response to viral infection were compared. den virus infection was chara ... | 1998 | 9780246 |
| [prevalence of flavivirus antibodies in alouatta caraya primate autochthonous of argentina]. | flavivirus constitute a human health problem in our country. primates are known to participate in the maintenance of dengue and yellow fever viruses. however, these animals play a role which still remains to be determined in the maintenance of other viruses with potential pathogenicity for human beings and/or animals. detección of antibodies was performed for different flavivirus in 105 sera samples of alouatta caraya primates by the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test. the neutralization (nt) ... | 2000 | 11050814 |
| perspectives for the treatment of infections with flaviviridae. | the family flaviviridae contains three genera: hepacivirus, flavivirus, and pestivirus. worldwide, more than 170 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis c virus and are at risk of developing cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. in addition, infections with arthropod-borne flaviviruses (such as dengue fever, japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, st. louis encephalitis, murray valley encephalitis, west nile, and yellow fever viruses) are emerging throughout the world. the pestiv ... | 2000 | 10627492 |
| recombinant yellow fever viruses are effective therapeutic vaccines for treatment of murine experimental solid tumors and pulmonary metastases. | we have genetically engineered an attenuated yellow fever (yf) virus to carry and express foreign antigenic sequences and evaluated the potential of this type of recombinant virus to serve as a safe and effective tumor vaccine. live-attenuated yf vaccine is one of the most effective viral vaccines available today. important advantages include its ability to induce long-lasting immunity, its safety, its affordability, and its documented efficacy. in this study, recombinant live-attenuated (strain ... | 2000 | 10982366 |
| detection of west nile virus in mosquitoes by rt-pcr. | a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay employing <<taqman>> detection technology was developed to identify west nile virus in experimentally infected mosquitoes. the specificity of the assay was evaluated with the following viruses: eastern equine encephalitis, ilheus, west nile and yellow fever viruses. the limits of detection were determined using west nile viral rna extracted from serial dilutions of virus culture in infected mosquitoes. limit of detection was 5 pfu ... | 2001 | 11352595 |
| why do female aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) feed preferentially and frequently on human blood? | adult female aedes aegypti (l.), the vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses, have an affinity for feeding on human blood and a tendency to forego feeding on sugar. this observation challenges two tenets of mosquito biology: (1) mosquitoes imbibe plant carbohydrates for synthesis of energy reserves and blood for reproduction and (2) egg production is reduced when mosquitoes feed on human blood compared with blood from other species. sub-optimal amounts of the amino acid isoleucine in human blo ... | 2001 | 11372967 |
| health evaluation of translocated free-ranging primates in french guiana. | among over 40 mammal species threatened by the filling of a hydroelectric dam reservoir in french guiana, three species of primates have been translocated, comprising 124 red howler monkeys, six white-faced sakis, and 95 golden-handed tamarins. health status of the animals was evaluated by direct physical examination and by hematological, biochemical, virological, and parasitological surveys of collected blood. the physical condition of the howlers was slightly worse toward the end of the captur ... | 2001 | 11329164 |
| large genetic differentiation and low variation in vector competence for dengue and yellow fever viruses of aedes albopictus from brazil, the united states, and the cayman islands. | we conducted a population genetic analysis of aedes albopictus collected from 20 sites in brazil, the united states (florida, georgia, and illinois), and the cayman islands. using isoenzyme analysis, we examined genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow. high genetic differentiation was found among brazilian samples, and between them and north american samples. regression analysis of genetic differentiation according to geographic distances indicated that ae. albopictus samples from florida we ... | 2003 | 12932107 |
| [occurrence of aedes albopictus in the state of pará, brazil]. | it is first reported the detection of aedes (stg) albopictus mosquitoes in state of par , brazil, in the urban area of medicil ndia, a municipality far 90 km from altamira, where 42 adult mosquitoes were baited using human attraction. all mosquitoes were pooled and inoculated into c6/36 and suckling mice in attempts for virus isolation. no virus was isolated. the occurrence of aedes albopictus in urban areas of the amazon region is of concern since dengue and yellow fever viruses are endemic in ... | 2003 | 12792693 |
| dengue virus m protein contains a proapoptotic sequence referred to as apoptom. | the induction of apoptotic cell death is a prominent cytopathic effect of dengue (den) viruses. one of the key questions to be addressed is which viral components induce apoptosis in den virus-infected cells. this study investigated whether the small membrane (m) protein was involved in the induction of apoptosis by den virus. this was addressed by using a series of enhanced green fluorescent protein-fused den proteins. evidence is provided that intracellular production of the m ectodomains (res ... | 2003 | 13679613 |
| [serological diagnosis of dengue and yellow fever infections in suspected cases from pará state, brazil, 1999]. | from june to december 1999, 785 serum samples were obtained from patients clinically suspected of having dengue or yellow fever. the patients were referred by public health centers distributed within the six mesoregions of par state, brazil. serum samples were tested for flavivirus antibodies by hemagglutination inhibition test and for dengue and yellow fever viruses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for igm detection. of the sera collected, 563 (71.7%) were positive by hi test and out of th ... | 2003 | 12612738 |
| aedes aegypti in brazil: genetically differentiated populations with high susceptibility to dengue and yellow fever viruses. | aedes aegypti was eliminated from brazil in 1955, but re-infested the country in the 1970s. dengue outbreaks have occurred since 1981 and became endemic in several cities in brazil after 1986. urban yellow fever has not occurred since 1942, and only jungle yellow fever cases have been reported. a population genetic analysis using isoenzyme variation combined with an evaluation of susceptibility to both yellow fever and dengue 2 viruses was conducted among 23 a. aegypti samples from 13 brazilian ... | 2004 | 14702837 |
| genetic relationships and evolution of genotypes of yellow fever virus and other members of the yellow fever virus group within the flavivirus genus based on the 3' noncoding region. | genetic relationships among flaviviruses within the yellow fever (yf) virus genetic group were investigated by comparing nucleotide sequences of the 3' noncoding region (3'ncr). size heterogeneity was observed between members and even among strains of the same viral species. size variation between yf strains was due to duplications and/or deletions of repeated nucleotide sequence elements (ryf). west african genotypes had three copies of the ryf (ryf1, ryf2, and ryf3); the angola and the east an ... | 2004 | 15331698 |
| dengue hemorrhagic fever and acute hepatitis: a case report. | dengue fever is the world's most important viral hemorrhagic fever disease, the most geographically wide-spread of the arthropod-born viruses, and it causes a wide clinical spectrum of disease. we report a case of dengue hemorrhagic fever complicated by acute hepatitis. the initial picture of classical dengue fever was followed by painful liver enlargement, vomiting, hematemesis, epistaxis and diarrhea. severe liver injury was detected by laboratory investigation, according to a syndromic survei ... | 2004 | 15880238 |
| duration of infectivity and rna of venezuelan equine encephalitis, west nile, and yellow fever viruses dried on filter paper and maintained at room temperature. | samples of laboratory propagated venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee), west nile (wn), and yellow fever (yf) viruses were blotted onto filter paper discs, air-dried, and stored at room temperature. at regular intervals over a 90-day period, the dried virus samples were eluted, tested for infectivity by culture and titration in vero cells, and examined for viral rna by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. the vee, wn, and yf viral rna was detected throughout the 90-day period in all ... | 2005 | 15827290 |
| inhibition of alpha/beta interferon signaling by the ns4b protein of flaviviruses. | flaviviruses are insect-borne, positive-strand rna viruses that have been disseminated worldwide. their genome is translated into a polyprotein, which is subsequently cleaved by a combination of viral and host proteases to produce three structural proteins and seven nonstructural proteins. the nonstructural protein ns4b of dengue 2 virus partially blocks activation of stat1 and interferon-stimulated response element (isre) promoters in cells stimulated with interferon (ifn). we have found that t ... | 2005 | 15956546 |
| phylogeography of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) based on mitochondrial dna variations. | aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) are the most important vectors of the dengue and yellow-fever viruses. both took advantage of trade developments to spread throughout the tropics from their native area: a. aegypti originated from africa and a. albopictus from south-east asia. we investigated the relationships between a. aegypti and a. albopictus mosquitoes based on three mitochondrial-dna genes (cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase i and nadh dehydrogenase subu ... | 2005 | 16181519 |
| shifting epidemiology of flaviviridae. | the dengue, west nile, japanese encephalitis and yellow fever viruses are important mosquito-borne viruses whose epidemiology is shifting in response to changing societal factors, such as increasing commerce, urbanization of rural areas, and population growth. all four viruses are expanding geographically, as exemplified by the emergence of west nile virus in the americas and japanese encephalitis virus in australasia. the large, recent global outbreaks of severe neurological disease caused by w ... | 2005 | 16225801 |
| host range, amplification and arboviral disease emergence. | etiologic agents of arboviral diseases are primarily zoonotic pathogens that are maintained in nature in cycles involving arthropod transmission among a variety of susceptible reservoir hosts. in the simplest form of human exposure, spillover occurs from the enzootic cycle when humans enter zoonotic foci and/or enzootic amplification increases circulation near humans. examples include eastern (eeev) and western equine encephalitis viruses (weev), as well as west nile (wnv), st. louis encephaliti ... | 2005 | 16358422 |
| dengue virus utilizes a novel strategy for translation initiation when cap-dependent translation is inhibited. | viruses have developed numerous mechanisms to usurp the host cell translation apparatus. dengue virus (den) and other flaviviruses, such as west nile and yellow fever viruses, contain a 5' m7gpppn-capped positive-sense rna genome with a nonpolyadenylated 3' untranslated region (utr) that has been presumed to undergo translation in a cap-dependent manner. however, the means by which the den genome is translated effectively in the presence of capped, polyadenylated cellular mrnas is unknown. this ... | 2006 | 16501107 |
| detection and subtyping of dengue 1-4 and yellow fever viruses by means of a multiplex rt-nested-pcr using degenerated primers. | differential diagnosis of infections that cause similar diseases and may be active simultaneously in the same geographical areas is greatly needed. dengue and yellow fever viruses (denv and yfv) are transmitted by the same species of mosquito and both can cause haemorrhagic fever symptoms. these viruses are active mainly in regions where expensive and sophisticated technologies are not available. our objective was to develop a simple, reliable and easy-to-perform method to detect and identify th ... | 2006 | 16930266 |
| manipulation of the yellow fever virus non-structural genes 2a and 4b and the 3'non-coding region to evaluate genetic determinants of viral dissemination from the aedes aegypti midgut. | although much is known about the ecology, epidemiology, and molecular biology of mosquito-borne viruses, the viral factors that allow transmission by mosquitoes to humans or animals remain unknown. using infectious clones of disseminating (asibi) and non-disseminating (17d) yellow fever viruses (yfv), we produced chimeric viruses to evaluate the role of different viral genes in dissemination. previously, we showed that virus produced from an infectious clone containing the structural genes of 17 ... | 2006 | 17172386 |
| continuous cell lines and immune ascitic fluid pools in arbovirus detection. | successive experiments led us to use two cellular systems, mos61 (aedes pseudoscutellaris cells) and vero cells, among the continuous cell lines recommended by the who collaborating center for systematic research and isolation of arboviruses. virus detection in cell cultures is carried out with 7 mixtures containing 10 hyperimmune ascitic fluids made with the reference viruses. this technique enables the detection of 70 of the 80 arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes in africa and very easily de ... | 2006 | 1297177 |
| cloning and daily expression of the timeless gene in aedes aegypti (diptera:culicidae). | molecular approaches for studying biological rhythms in insects have been well investigated in the model drosophila melanogaster, in which a number of genes have been characterized in terms of sequence, expression, protein interactions and involvement in the control of locomotor activity and eclosion rhythms. however, only scattered information is available for insect vectors of diseases. in this paper, we report the cloning and expression analysis of the clock gene timeless in the mosquito aede ... | 2006 | 17046601 |
| vaccine development against malaria. | malaria vaccine development aims to significantly reduce mortality and morbidity in the two high-risk groups: young children and pregnant women in sub-saharan africa. a pre-erythrocytic subunit vaccine, rts,s, was recently evaluated in a first phase iib clinical trial in young children that live in a mesoendemic area of malaria transmission. the identification of a major parasite-encoded ligand that was found to be involved in pregnancy-associated malaria allows for the rational development of a ... | 2006 | 16765576 |
| a mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene associated with pyrethroid resistance in latin american aedes aegypti. | pyrethroids are commonly used as mosquito adulticides and evolution of resistance to these compounds is a major threat to public health. 'knockdown resistance' to pyrethroids (kdr) is frequently caused by nonsynonymous mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel transmembrane protein (para) that reduce pyrethroid binding. early detection of kdr is critical to the development of resistance management strategies in mosquitoes including aedes aegypti, the most prevalent vector of dengue and yello ... | 2007 | 18093007 |
| identification of novel small-molecule inhibitors of west nile virus infection. | west nile virus (wnv) has spread throughout the united states and canada and now annually causes a clinical spectrum of human disease ranging from a self-limiting acute febrile illness to acute flaccid paralysis and lethal encephalitis. no therapy or vaccine is currently approved for use in humans. using high-throughput screening assays that included a luciferase expressing wnv subgenomic replicon and an ns1 capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we evaluated a chemical library of over 80,00 ... | 2007 | 17715228 |
| age and body size influence male sperm capacity of the dengue vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | understanding mosquito mating biology is essential for studies of mosquito behavior, gene flow, population structure, and genetic control. in the current study, we examine the effect of age and body size on spermatozoa number in two laboratory strains of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti (l.), thailand and rockefeller (rock), and in wild-collected mosquitoes from thailand. body size was a major predictor of total spermatozoa number, with significantly greater sperm numbers in large (2.27-mm wing ... | 2007 | 17547226 |
| late-acting dominant lethal genetic systems and mosquito control. | reduction or elimination of vector populations will tend to reduce or eliminate transmission of vector-borne diseases. one potential method for environmentally-friendly, species-specific population control is the sterile insect technique (sit). sit has not been widely used against insect disease vectors such as mosquitoes, in part because of various practical difficulties in rearing, sterilization and distribution. additionally, vector populations with strong density-dependent effects will tend ... | 2007 | 17374148 |
| identity and transfer of male reproductive gland proteins of the dengue vector mosquito, aedes aegypti: potential tools for control of female feeding and reproduction. | male reproductive gland proteins (mrgps) impact the physiology and/or behavior of mated females in a broad range of organisms. we sought to identify mrgps of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses. earlier studies with ae. aegypti demonstrated that "matrone" (a partially purified male reproductive accessory gland substance) or male accessory gland fluid injected into virgin female ae. aegypti affect female sexual refractoriness, blood feed ... | 2008 | 18207079 |
| the two-component ns2b-ns3 proteinase represses dna unwinding activity of the west nile virus ns3 helicase. | similar to many flavivirus types including dengue and yellow fever viruses, the nonstructural ns3 multifunctional protein of west nile virus (wnv) with an n-terminal serine proteinase domain and an rna triphosphatase, an ntpase domain, and an rna helicase in the c-terminal domain is implicated in both polyprotein processing and rna replication and is therefore a promising drug target. to exhibit its proteolytic activity, ns3 proteinase requires the presence of the cofactor encoded by the upstrea ... | 2008 | 18442976 |
| structural basis for the preferential recognition of immature flaviviruses by a fusion-loop antibody. | flaviviruses are a group of human pathogens causing severe encephalitic or hemorrhagic diseases that include west nile, dengue and yellow fever viruses. here, using x-ray crystallography we have defined the structure of the flavivirus cross-reactive antibody e53 that engages the highly conserved fusion loop of the west nile virus envelope glycoprotein. using cryo-electron microscopy, we also determined that e53 fab binds preferentially to spikes in noninfectious, immature flavivirions but is una ... | 2009 | 19713934 |
| membrane and envelope virus proteins co-expressed as lysosome associated membrane protein (lamp) fused antigens: a potential tool to develop dna vaccines against flaviviruses. | vaccination is the most practical and cost-effective strategy to prevent the majority of the flavivirus infection to which there is an available vaccine. however, vaccines based on attenuated virus can potentially promote collateral side effects and even rare fatal reactions. given this scenario, the development of alternative vaccination strategies such as dna-based vaccines encoding specific flavivirus sequences are being considered. endogenous cytoplasmic antigens, characteristically plasmid ... | 2009 | 19893892 |
| a single-amino acid substitution in west nile virus 2k peptide between ns4a and ns4b confers resistance to lycorine, a flavivirus inhibitor. | lycorine potently inhibits flaviviruses in cell culture. at 1.2-microm concentration, lycorine reduced viral titers of west nile (wnv), dengue, and yellow fever viruses by 10(2)- to 10(4)-fold. however, the compound did not inhibit an alphavirus (western equine encephalitis virus) or a rhabdovirus (vesicular stomatitis virus), indicating a selective antiviral spectrum. the compound exerts its antiviral activity mainly through suppression of viral rna replication. a val-->met substitution at the ... | 2009 | 19062063 |
| efficient, trans-complementing packaging systems for chimeric, pseudoinfectious dengue 2/yellow fever viruses. | in our previous studies, we have stated to build a new strategy for developing defective, pseudoinfectious flaviviruses (pivs) and applying them as a new type of vaccine candidates. pivs combined the efficiency of live vaccines with the safety of inactivated or subunit vaccines. the results of the present work demonstrate further development of chimeric pivs encoding dengue virus 2 (den2v) glycoproteins and yellow fever virus (yfv)-derived replicative machinery as potential vaccine candidates. t ... | 2010 | 20137799 |
| microclimate and human factors in the divergent ecology of aedes aegypti along the arizona, u.s./sonora, mx border. | this study examined the association of human and environmental factors with the presence of aedes aegypti, the vector for dengue fever and yellow fever viruses, in a desert region in the southwest united states and northwest mexico. sixty-eight sites were longitudinally surveyed along the united states-mexico border in tucson, az, nogales, az, and nogales, sonora during a 3-year period. aedes aegypti presence or absence at each site was measured three times per year using standard oviposition tr ... | 2010 | 20232228 |
| gb virus type c envelope protein e2 elicits antibodies that react with a cellular antigen on hiv-1 particles and neutralize diverse hiv-1 isolates. | broadly neutralizing abs to hiv-1 are well described; however, identification of ags that elicit these abs has proven difficult. persistent infection with gb virus type c (gbv-c) is associated with prolonged survival in hiv-1-infected individuals, and among those without hiv-1 viremia, the presence of ab to gbv-c glycoprotein e2 is also associated with survival. gbv-c e2 protein inhibits hiv-1 entry, and an antigenic peptide within e2 interferes with gp41-induced membrane perturbations in vitro, ... | 2010 | 20826757 |
| aegepuci: a database of gene expression in the dengue vector mosquito, aedes aegypti. | aedes aegypti is the principal vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses. the availability of the sequenced and annotated genome enables genome-wide analyses of gene expression in this mosquito. the large amount of data resulting from these analyses requires efficient cataloguing before it becomes useful as the basis for new insights into gene expression patterns and studies of the underlying molecular mechanisms for generating these patterns. | 2010 | 20920356 |
| the aquaporin gene family of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | the mosquito, aedes aegypti, is the principal vector of the dengue and yellow fever viruses. during feeding, an adult female can take up more than its own body weight in vertebrate blood. after a blood meal females excrete large amounts of urine through their excretion system, the malpighian tubules (mt). diuresis starts within seconds after the mosquito starts feeding. aquaporins (aqps) are a family of membrane transporters that regulate the flow of water, glycerol and other small molecules acr ... | 2010 | 21249121 |
| molecular phylogeny of edge hill virus supports its position in the yellow fever virus group and identifies a new genetic variant. | edge hill virus (ehv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus isolated throughout australia during mosquito surveillance programs. while not posing an immediate threat to the human population, ehv is a taxonomically interesting flavivirus since it remains the only member of the yellow fever virus (yfv) sub-group to be detected within australia. here we present both an antigenic and genetic investigation of collected isolates, and confirm taxonomic classification of the virus within the yfv-group. isolate ... | 2010 | 20938485 |
| transmission of yellow fever vaccine virus through breast-feeding - brazil, 2009. | in april, 2009, the state health department of rio grande do sul, brazil, was notified by the cachoeira do sul municipal health department of a case of meningoencephalitis requiring hospitalization in an infant whose mother recently had received yellow fever vaccine during a postpartum visit. the field epidemiology training program of the secretariat of surveillance in health of the brazilian ministry of health assisted state and municipal health departments with an investigation. this report su ... | 2010 | 20150888 |
| structure-activity relationships of 33 carboxamides as toxicants against female aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | aedes aegypti l. is the primary vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses, and use of aerosolized insecticides is one of the primary ways to control this medically important mosquito. however, few new insecticides have been developed for mosquito control in recent years. as a part of our effort to search for new insecticides to control mosquitoes, toxicities of 33 carboxamides were evaluated against female a. aegypti by topical application. this group included nine different categories of compou ... | 2010 | 20380297 |
| The kinase inhibitor SFV785 dislocates dengue virus envelope protein from the replication complex and blocks virus assembly. | Dengue virus (DENV) is the etiologic agent for dengue fever, for which there is no approved vaccine or specific anti-viral drug. As a remedy for this, we explored the use of compounds that interfere with the action of required host factors and describe here the characterization of a kinase inhibitor (SFV785), which has selective effects on NTRK1 and MAPKAPK5 kinase activity, and anti-viral activity on Hepatitis C, DENV and yellow fever viruses. SFV785 inhibited DENV propagation without inhibitin ... | 2011 | 21858043 |
| imaginal discs--a new source of chromosomes for genome mapping of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | the mosquito aedes aegypti is the primary global vector for dengue and yellow fever viruses. sequencing of the ae. aegypti genome has stimulated research in vector biology and insect genomics. however, the current genome assembly is highly fragmented with only ~31% of the genome being assigned to chromosomes. a lack of a reliable source of chromosomes for physical mapping has been a major impediment to improving the genome assembly of ae. aegypti. | 2011 | 21991400 |
| Alterations in the Aedes aegypti transcriptome during infection with West Nile, dengue and yellow fever viruses. | West Nile (WNV), dengue (DENV) and yellow fever (YFV) viruses are (re)emerging, mosquito-borne flaviviruses that cause human disease and mortality worldwide. Alterations in mosquito gene expression common and unique to individual flaviviral infections are poorly understood. Here, we present a microarray analysis of the Aedes aegypti transcriptome over time during infection with DENV, WNV or YFV. We identified 203 mosquito genes that were = 5-fold differentially up-regulated (DUR) and 202 genes t ... | 2011 | 21909258 |
| worldwide patterns of genetic differentiation imply multiple 'domestications' of aedes aegypti, a major vector of human diseases. | understanding the processes by which species colonize and adapt to human habitats is particularly important in the case of disease-vectoring arthropods. the mosquito species aedes aegypti, a major vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses, probably originated as a wild, zoophilic species in sub-saharan africa, where some populations still breed in tree holes in forested habitats. many populations of the species, however, have evolved to thrive in human habitats and to bite humans. this includes ... | 2011 | 21227970 |
| why dengue and yellow fever coexist in some areas of the world and not in others? | urban yellow fever and dengue coexist in africa but not in asia and south america. in this paper, we examine four hypotheses (and various combinations thereof) to explain the absence of yellow fever in urban areas of asia and south america. in addition, we examine an additional hypothesis that offers an explanation of the coexistence of the infections in africa while at the same time explaining their lack of coexistence in asia. the hypotheses we tested to explain the nonexistence of yellow feve ... | 2011 | 21839800 |
| Mosquito genomics: progress and challenges. | The whole-genome sequencing of mosquitoes has facilitated our understanding of fundamental biological processes at their basic molecular levels and holds potential for application to mosquito control and prevention of mosquito-borne disease transmission. Draft genome sequences are available for Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Collectively, these represent the major vectors of African malaria, dengue fever and yellow fever viruses, and lymphatic filariasis, respectiv ... | 2012 | 21942845 |
| impact of wolbachia on infection with chikungunya and yellow fever viruses in the mosquito vector aedes aegypti. | incidence of disease due to dengue (denv), chikungunya (chikv) and yellow fever (yfv) viruses is increasing in many parts of the world. the viruses are primarily transmitted by aedes aegypti, a highly domesticated mosquito species that is notoriously difficult to control. when transinfected into ae. aegypti, the intracellular bacterium wolbachia has recently been shown to inhibit replication of denvs, chikv, malaria parasites and filarial nematodes, providing a potentially powerful biocontrol st ... | 2012 | 23133693 |
| the dengue vector aedes aegypti contains a functional high mobility group box 1 (hmgb1) protein with a unique regulatory c-terminus. | the mosquito aedes aegypti can spread the dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever viruses. thus, the search for key molecules involved in the mosquito survival represents today a promising vector control strategy. high mobility group box (hmgb) proteins are essential nuclear factors that maintain the high-order structure of chromatin, keeping eukaryotic cells viable. outside the nucleus, secreted hmgb proteins could alert the innate immune system to foreign antigens and trigger the initiation of ho ... | 2012 | 22802955 |
| Class II ADP-ribosylation Factors Are Required for Efficient Secretion of Dengue Viruses. | Identification and characterization of virus-host interactions are very important steps toward a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for disease progression and pathogenesis. To date, very few cellular factors involved in the life cycle of flaviviruses, which are important human pathogens, have been described. In this study, we demonstrate a crucial role for class II Arf proteins (Arf4 and Arf5) in the dengue flavivirus life cycle. We show that simultaneous depletion of ... | 2012 | 22105072 |
| simple, specific molecular typing of dengue virus isolates using one-step rt-pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism. | a one-step rt-pcr and one-enzyme rflp was used to detect and distinguish among flaviviruses, including the four serotypes of dengue and the st. louis encephalitis, west nile and yellow fever viruses in cultured virus samples or acute-phase human serum. using a previously described rt-pcr, but novel rflp procedure, results are obtained in 24 h with basic pcr and electrophoresis equipment. there is 95% agreement between rt-pcr/rflp results and those achieved by indirect immunofluorescence assays, ... | 2012 | 22766181 |
| crotoxin and phospholipases a₂ from crotalus durissus terrificus showed antiviral activity against dengue and yellow fever viruses. | dengue is the most important arbovirus in the world with an estimated of 50 million dengue infections occurring annually and approximately 2.5 billion people living in dengue endemic countries. yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever with high mortality that is transmitted by mosquitoes. effective vaccines against yellow fever have been available for almost 70 years and are responsible for a significant reduction of occurrences of the disease worldwide; however, approximately 200,000 cases of ... | 2012 | 21723310 |
| phylogeography of aedes aegypti in argentina: long-distance colonization and rapid restoration of fragmented relicts after a continental control campaign. | aedes (stegomyia) aegypti, the main vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses, is present in all the northern and central provinces of argentina. during 2009, a dengue outbreak spread broadly throughout the country, causing 27,752 infections in 13 provinces. in argentina, little is known about the demographic history of this vector, which suffered a drastic decrease in abundance and distribution during a major control campaign performed in the americas between 1950 and 1960. with the aim of unco ... | 2012 | 22022812 |
| bioactivity of plant extracts on the larval and pupal stages of aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidea). | aedes aegypti is responsible for the transmission of the dengue and yellow fever viruses. this study evaluated the effects of extracts from cnidosculos phyllacanthus, ricinus communis, and coutarea hexandra on the developmental periods of a.aegypti larvae and pupae. crude extracts of c. phyllacanthus and c. hexandra and oil from r. communis and c. phyllacanthus were used. | 2013 | 23982096 |
| oral receptivity of aedes aegypti from cape verde for yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. | at the end of 2009, 21,313 cases of dengue-3 virus (denv-3) were reported in the islands of cape verde, an archipelago located in the atlantic ocean 570 km from the coast of western africa. it was the first dengue outbreak ever reported in cape verde. mosquitoes collected in july 2010 in the city of praia, on the island of santiago, were identified morphologically as aedes aegypti formosus. using experimental oral infections, we found that this vector showed a moderate ability to transmit the ep ... | 2013 | 23199267 |
| proof of concept for a novel insecticide bioassay based on sugar feeding by adult aedes aegypti (stegomyia aegypti). | aedes aegypti l. (stegomyia aegypti) (diptera: culicidae) is the principal vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. disease management is largely based on mosquito control achieved by insecticides applied to interior resting surfaces and through space sprays. population monitoring to detect insecticide resistance is a significant component of integrated disease management programmes. we developed a bioassay method for assessing insecticide susce ... | 2013 | 23077986 |
| hospital-based surveillance for viral hemorrhagic fevers and hepatitides in ghana. | viral hemorrhagic fevers (vhf) are acute diseases associated with bleeding, organ failure, and shock. vhf may hardly be distinguished clinically from other diseases in the african hospital, including viral hepatitis. this study was conducted to determine if vhf and viral hepatitis contribute to hospital morbidity in the central and northern parts of ghana. | 2013 | 24069490 |
| correction: recombinant yellow fever viruses elicit cd8+ t cell responses and protective immunity against trypanosoma cruzi. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059347.]. | 2013 | 29220833 |
| the nuitm-kemri p3 laboratory in kenya: establishment, features, operation and maintenance. | a biocontainment facility is a core component in any research setting due to the services it renders towards comprehensive biosafety observance. the nuitm-kemri p3 facility was set up in 2007 and has been actively in use since 2010 by researchers from this and other institutions. a number of hazardous agents have been handled in the laboratory among them mdr-tb and yellow fever viruses. the laboratory has the general physical and operational features of a p3 laboratory in addition to a number of ... | 2013 | 23533023 |
| immunogenicity of seven new recombinant yellow fever viruses 17d expressing fragments of sivmac239 gag, nef, and vif in indian rhesus macaques. | an effective vaccine remains the best solution to stop the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). cellular immune responses have been repeatedly associated with control of viral replication and thus may be an important element of the immune response that must be evoked by an efficacious vaccine. recombinant viral vectors can induce potent t-cell responses. although several viral vectors have been developed to deliver hiv genes, only a few have been advanced for clinical trials. the live-a ... | 2013 | 23336000 |
| recombinant yellow fever viruses elicit cd8+ t cell responses and protective immunity against trypanosoma cruzi. | chagas' disease is a major public health problem affecting nearly 10 million in latin america. despite several experimental vaccines have shown to be immunogenic and protective in mouse models, there is not a current vaccine being licensed for humans or in clinical trial against t. cruzi infection. towards this goal, we used the backbone of yellow fever (yf) 17d virus, one of the most effective and well-established human vaccines, to express an immunogenic fragment derived from t. cruzi amastigo ... | 2013 | 23527169 |
| aedes (stegomyia) aegypti in the continental united states: a vector at the cool margin of its geographic range. | after more than a half century without recognized local dengue outbreaks in the continental united states, there were recent outbreaks of autochthonous dengue in the southern parts of texas (2004-2005) and florida (2009-2011). this dengue reemergence has provoked interest in the extent of the future threat posed by the yellow fever mosquito, aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.), the primary vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses in urban settings, to human health in the continental united states. a ... | 2013 | 23802440 |
| cooler temperatures destabilize rna interference and increase susceptibility of disease vector mosquitoes to viral infection. | the impact of global climate change on the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases is the subject of extensive debate. the transmission of mosquito-borne viral diseases is particularly complex, with climatic variables directly affecting many parameters associated with the prevalence of disease vectors. while evidence shows that warmer temperatures often decrease the extrinsic incubation period of an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus), exposure to cooler temperatures often predisposes disease ... | 2013 | 23738025 |
| flaviviruses in europe: complex circulation patterns and their consequences for the diagnosis and control of west nile disease. | in europe, many flaviviruses are endemic (west nile, usutu, tick-borne encephalitis viruses) or occasionally imported (dengue, yellow fever viruses). due to the temporal and geographical co-circulation of flaviviruses in europe, flavivirus differentiation by diagnostic tests is crucial in the adaptation of surveillance and control efforts. serological diagnosis of flavivirus infections is complicated by the antigenic similarities among the flavivirus genus. indeed, most flavivirus antibodies are ... | 2013 | 24225644 |
| incubation periods of mosquito-borne viral infections: a systematic review. | mosquito-borne viruses are a major public health threat, but their incubation periods are typically uncited, non-specific, and not based on data. we systematically review the published literature on six mosquito-borne viruses selected for their public health importance: chikungunya, dengue, japanese encephalitis, rift valley fever, west nile, and yellow fever viruses. for each, we identify the literature's consensus on the incubation period, evaluate the evidence for this consensus, and provide ... | 2014 | 24639305 |
| vector competence in west african aedes aegypti is flavivirus species and genotype dependent. | vector competence of aedes aegypti mosquitoes is a quantitative genetic trait that varies among geographic locations and among different flavivirus species and genotypes within species. the subspecies ae. aegypti formosus, found mostly in sub-saharan africa, is considered to be refractory to both dengue (denv) and yellow fever viruses (yfv) compared to the more globally distributed ae. aegypti aegypti. within senegal, vector competence varies with collection site and denv-2 viral isolate, but kn ... | 2014 | 25275366 |
| current perspectives in transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases: emerging and re-emerging infections. | in august 2009, a group from the aabb (stramer et al., transfusion 2009;99:1s-29s, emerging infectious disease agents and their potential threat to transfusion safety; http://www.aabb.org/resources/bct/eid/pages/default.aspx) published a supplement to transfusion that reviewed emerging infectious disease (eid) agents that pose a real or theoretical threat to transfusion safety, but for which an existing effective intervention is lacking. the necessary attributes for transfusion transmission were ... | 2014 | 25210533 |