| estimation of body-size traits by photogrammetry in large mammals to inform conservation. | photography, including remote imagery and camera traps, has contributed substantially to conservation. however, the potential to use photography to understand demography and inform policy is limited. to have practical value, remote assessments must be reasonably accurate and widely deployable. prior efforts to develop noninvasive methods of estimating trait size have been motivated by a desire to answer evolutionary questions, measure physiological growth, or, in the case of illegal trade, asses ... | 2012 | 22834930 |
| varestrongylus eleguneniensis sp. n. (nematoda: protostrongylidae): a widespread, multi-host lungworm of wild north american ungulates, with an emended diagnosis for the genus and explorations of biogeography. | a putative new species of varestrongylus has been recently recognized in wild north american ungulates based on the its-2 sequences of larvae isolated from feces during a wide geographic survey. no taxonomic description was provided, as adult specimens were not examined. | 2014 | 25518883 |
| evaluation of hemostatic activity of latex from three euphorbiaceae species. | latices from several plant species of euphorbiaceae family have been traditionally applied over fresh cuts to stop bleeding and subsequently applied over wounds to enhance healing process. the latex arrested bleeding from fresh wounds by reducing bleeding and whole blood coagulation time which are important indices of hemostatic activity. it has been accepted that hemostatic activity is due to the proteolytic fraction of plant latices. thus, the present study aimed to assess the clot inducing pr ... | 2014 | 24291032 |
| first insight into the faecal microbiota of the high arctic muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). | the faecal microbiota of muskoxen (n=3) pasturing on ryøya (69° 33' n 18° 43' e), norway, in late september was characterized using high-throughput sequencing of partial 16s rrna gene regions. a total of 16 209 high-quality sequence reads from bacterial domains and 19 462 from archaea were generated. preliminary taxonomic classifications of 806 bacterial operational taxonomic units (otus) resulted in 53.7-59.3 % of the total sequences being without designations beyond the family level. firmicute ... | 2016 | 28348861 |
| therio-ontology: a personal view of 40 years of farm animal embryo form and function. | the main purpose of this autobiographical reminiscence of 40 years of embryo research is to provide young theriogenologists with a firsthand account of how career development can depend strongly on early influences that become modified by changing circumstances. with no intention of being didactic, i hope that my experience of coping with enormous changes in techniques and attitudes may be of use to some of those embarking on a further 40 years of change of at least equal enormity. | 2014 | 24274413 |
| ancient dna analyses exclude humans as the driving force behind late pleistocene musk ox (ovibos moschatus) population dynamics. | the causes of the late pleistocene megafaunal extinctions are poorly understood. different lines of evidence point to climate change, the arrival of humans, or a combination of these events as the trigger. although many species went extinct, others, such as caribou and bison, survived to the present. the musk ox has an intermediate story: relatively abundant during the pleistocene, it is now restricted to greenland and the arctic archipelago. in this study, we use ancient dna sequences, temporal ... | 2010 | 20212118 |
| the effect of size and density on the mean retention time of particles in the reticulorumen of cattle ( bos primigenius f. taurus), muskoxen ( ovibos moschatus) and moose ( alces alces). | particle passage from the reticulorumen (rr) depends on particle density and size. forage particle density and size are related and change over time in the rr. particle density mainly influences sorting in the reticulum, whereas particle size influences particle retention in the fibre mat of stratified rumen contents ('filter-bed' effect). we investigated these effects independently, by inserting plastic particles of different sizes (1, 10 and 20 mm) and densities (1·03, 1·20 and 1·44 mg/ml) in ... | 2010 | 21144130 |
| anthropogenic and natural radionuclides in caribou and muskoxen in the western alaskan arctic and marine fish in the aleutian islands in the first half of 2000s. | a number of caribou and muskoxen samples from the western alaskan arctic and fish samples from the aleutian islands were collected between 1998 and 2006 and analyzed for anthropogenic ((90)sr and (137)cs) and natural radionculides ((40)k, (210)pb and (226)ra), as part of the radiological assessment for the regional subsistence hunting communities in the first half of 2000s. we examined the relationship between the activities of these nuclides with the size of the fish. in caribou samples, concen ... | 2011 | 21774963 |
| "emerging" parasitic infections in arctic ungulates. | important drivers for emergence of infectious disease in wildlife include changes in the environment, shrinking habitats or concentration of wildlife, and movement of people, animals, pathogens, or vectors. in this paper we present three case-studies of emerging parasitic infections and diseases in ungulates in the canadian north. first we discuss climate warming as an important driver for the emergence of disease associated with umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis, a nematode lungworm of muskoxen ... | 2004 | 21680491 |
| discovery and description of the "davtiani" morphotype for teladorsagia boreoarcticus (trichostrongyloidea: ostertagiinae) abomasal parasites in muskoxen, ovibos moschatus and caribou, rangifer tarandus from the north american arctic: implications for parasite faunal diversity. | abstract collections to explore helminth diversity among free-ranging ungulates in the north american arctic revealed the occurrence of a third male, or "davtiani," morphotype for teladorsagia boreoarcticus. designated as t. boreoarcticus forma (f.) minor b, the males occurred with t. boreoarcticus f. major and t. borearcticus f. minor a in endemic populations of muskoxen (o. m. wardi) and barrenground caribou (r. tarandus groenlandicus) on victoria island, nunavut, canada and in muskoxen an ... | 2011 | 21942428 |
| Composition of milk from minor dairy animals and buffalo breeds: a biodiversity perspective. | A comprehensive review is presented of the nutrient composition for buffalo, mare, and dromedary camel milks at the level of breed, and species-level data for yak, mithun, musk ox, donkey, Bactrian camel, llama, alpaca, reindeer and moose milks. Average values of nutrients were calculated and compared. Interspecies values (g 100 g(-1) ) were 0.7-16.1 for total fat, 1.6-10.5 for protein, 2.6-6.6 for lactose, and 67.9-90.8 for water. Reindeer and moose milks had the highest fat and protein concent ... | 2011 | 22083874 |
| possible secondary population-level effects of selective harvest of adult male muskoxen. | selective harvest regimes are often focused on males resulting in skewed sex-ratios, and for many ungulate species this strategy is sustainable. however, muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) are very social and mature bulls (≥4 years old), particularly prime-age bulls (6-10 years old), play important roles in predator defense and recruitment. a year-round social structure incorporating large males into mixed-sex groups could make this species more susceptible to the effects of selective harvest if popula ... | 2013 | 23818982 |
| could a big gut be too costly for muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) in their first winter? | young mammalian herbivores are more vulnerable to harsh winter conditions than adults, especially among large circumpolar species like the muskox (ovibos moschatus). we compared feeding responses of muskox calves (body mass 95 kg) with those of mature, non-reproductive females (body mass 227 kg) in mid-winter when air temperatures fell to -40 degrees c. food intakes (1.8-2.2 kg digestible dry matter (dm)d(-1)), digesta fill (27-32 kg wet mass) and digestibility of hay (52-58% of dm; 49-55% of gr ... | 2008 | 18550348 |
| foraging strategies and seasonal diet optimization of muskoxen in west greenland. | various aspects of optimal foraging and seasonal diet composition of bulls (bachelor and dominant), cows, subadults, and yearlings of muskoxen ovibos moschatus were investigated in west greenland during the following seasons: calving, post-calving, summer, rut and mid-winter. the following hypotheses were tested: (1) muskoxen maximize daily energy intake during spring and summer, (2) dominant bulls monopolizing cows during the rutting season shift from an energy maximizing to a time minimizing f ... | 1995 | 28307354 |
| [cloning and analysis of highly repetitive sequence fragments from takin (budorcas taxicolor)]. | takin (budorcas taxicolor) is a large animal living in china and other adjacent countries, which belongs to bovidae of artiodactyla. the anatomy, morphology and behavior of takin are between species of the subfamily bovinae and caprinae. it is now in a separated genus or in the same genus with muskox (ovibos moschatus). to gain insight into the evolution of takin, we purified and cloned its highly repetitive bamhi fragments from the genomic dna. the sequences of three fragments were highly homol ... | 2002 | 15344315 |
| resource partitioning by mammalian herbivores in the high arctic. | willow (salix arctica) and sedges (carex stans and eriophorum triste) were the dominant plants available as forage for herbivores in the high arctic of greenland. willow leaves were of high quality as forage in early stages, of phenology, but crude protein and digestibility declined markedly by late stages whereas sedges, remained high in forage quality throughout the growing season. densities of fecal pellets indicated that muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) made heaviest use of sedge-dominated vegeta ... | 1994 | 28313731 |
| nematode related spinal myelomeningitis and posterior ataxia in muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). | in the fall of 1988 all five animals in a herd of muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) developed clinical signs of posterior ataxia. postmortem investigation revealed inflammatory lesions of the caudal part of the spinal cord, mainly as leptomeningitis. nematodes were seen in close association with the lesions. although not identified, the parasites were probably an elaphostrongylus sp. | 1990 | 2250328 |
| the facial integument of centrosaurine ceratopsids: morphological and histological correlates of novel skin structures. | the horned dinosaur pachyhinosaurus possesses rugose bony bosses across the skull roof in lieu of the projecting bony horn cores seen in most ceratopsians. this elaboration of typical ceratopsian ornaments provides an opportunity to test hypotheses of ceratopsian facial skin morphology and function. we analyze bone morphology and histology associated with several classes of skin features in extant amniotes using a classification tree analysis. we isolate key osteological and histological correla ... | 2009 | 19711467 |
| the impact of global climate change on the spread of parasitic nematodes | climate changes may influence the frequency, intensity and geographical distribution of parasites, directly affecting their dispersive stages in the environment (eggs, larvae) and, indirectly, the larvae living mainly in invertebrate intermediate hosts. in biologically diverse nematodes climate warming contributes to the increase in the range of distribution, colonization of new hosts and modification of their development cycles. this is particularly acute in the arctic and pertains, for instanc ... | 2017 | 28432859 |
| gammaherpesvirus (type 1 ruminant rhadinovirus) in muskox (ovibos moschatus) in greenland. | the world's native distribution of muskox (ovibos moschatus) is restricted to canada and greenland, and a muskox-specific gammaherpesvirus has been described from canadian populations. we analyzed spleen samples from the kangerlussuaq muskox population in greenland and identified muskox gammaherpes by pcr and sequencing. | 2017 | 29148883 |
| immune function in arctic mammals: natural killer (nk) cell-like activity in polar bear, muskox and reindeer. | natural killer (nk) cells are a vital part of the rapid and non-specific immune defense against invading pathogens and tumor cells. this study evaluated nk cell-like activity by flow cytometry for the first time in three ecologically and culturally important arctic mammal species: polar bear (ursus maritimus), muskox (ovibos moschatus) and reindeer (rangifer tarandus). nk cell-like activity for all three species was most effective against the mouse lymphoma cell line yac-1, compared to the human ... | 2018 | 29249321 |
| from 'third pole' to north pole: a himalayan origin for the arctic fox. | the 'third pole' of the world is a fitting metaphor for the himalayan-tibetan plateau, in allusion to its vast frozen terrain, rivalling the arctic and antarctic, at high altitude but low latitude. living tibetan and arctic mammals share adaptations to freezing temperatures such as long and thick winter fur in arctic muskox and tibetan yak, and for carnivorans, a more predatory niche. here, we report, to our knowledge, the first evolutionary link between an early pliocene (3.60-5.08 myr ago) fox ... | 2014 | 24920475 |
| experimental life-cycle of varestrongylus eleguneniensis (nematoda: protostrongylidae) in a captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and a muskox (ovibos moschatus moschatus). | the life-cycle of a recently described protostrongylid lungworm, varestrongylus eleguneniensis, which infects caribou, muskoxen, and moose from arctic and boreal regions of north america, was completed experimentally for the first time. a native north american slug species, deroceras laeve, was infected with the first-stage larvae (l1) isolated from the feces of wild muskoxen to generate third-stage larvae (l3). these were administered to a captive reindeer calf (250 l3) and an adult captive mus ... | 2017 | 28590168 |
| [extinction of large herbivore mammals: niche characteristics of musk ox ovibos moschatus and reindeer rangifer tarandus coexisting in isolation]. | the extinction of large northern herbivores is a puzzle for many biologists. it is long debated whether climate change or human activity was the main factor of the extinction. the survival of the weak trophic competitors should reject the climatic hypothesis. extant species of pleistocene communities allow testing this explicitly. up to date, reindeer and musk ox coexist in the arctic territory. their island populations provide a unique natural experiment to assess the role of competition. on wr ... | 2017 | 25486798 |
| perfluorinated alkyl substances (pfas) in terrestrial environments in greenland and faroe islands. | perfluorinated alkylated substances (pfass) have been measured in liver samples from terrestrial organisms from greenland and the faeroe islands. samples from ptarmigan (west greenland), reindeer (southwest-greenland), muskox (east greenland), and land-locked arctic char from southwest greenland and the faroe islands were analyzed. in addition, pfass levels in land-locked brown trout from faroese lakes are reported. of the 17 pfass analyzed in the samples the following compounds were detected: p ... | 2015 | 25482975 |
| isotopic nitrogen in fecal fiber as an indicator of winter diet in caribou and muskoxen. | the ratios of stable nitrogen isotopes (δ(15)n values) in excreta have been used to examine aspects of trophic and nutritional ecology across taxa. nitrogen fractions in feces of herbivores include endogenous (e.g., sloughed intestinal cells, unresorbed digestive secretions, and microbial debris) and dietary sources. for animals such as large herbivores, that have diets and feces with high concentrations of indigestible fiber, endogenous (15)n may constrain the use of fecal δ(15)n values to esti ... | 2014 | 24519825 |
| capital and income breeding traits differentiate trophic match-mismatch dynamics in large herbivores. | for some species, climate change has altered environmental conditions away from those in which life-history strategies evolved. in such cases, if adaptation does not keep pace with these changes, existing life-history strategies may become maladaptive and lead to population declines. we use life-history theory, with a specific emphasis on breeding strategies, in the context of the trophic match-mismatch framework to form generalizable hypotheses about population-level consumer responses to clima ... | 2013 | 23836789 |
| first record of taenia ovis krabbei muscle cysts in muskoxen from greenland. | a first record of taenia ovis krabbei muscle cysts in a muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) from the kangerlussuaq population in west greenland suggests that introduced muskoxen now contributes to the transmission of this parasite in addition to previous observations from caribou (rangifer tarandus). muskoxen and caribou are the only wild ungulates in greenland. | 2011 | 21955737 |
| the biogeography of the caribou lungworm, varestrongylus eleguneniensis (nematoda: protostrongylidae) across northern north america. | varestrongylus eleguneniensis (nematoda; protostrongylidae) is a recently described species of lungworm that infects caribou (rangifer tarandus), muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) and moose (alces americanus) across northern north america. herein we explore the geographic distribution of v. eleguneniensis through geographically extensive sampling and discuss the biogeography of this multi-host parasite. we analyzed fecal samples of three caribou subspecies (n = 1485), two muskox subspecies (n = 159), ... | 2020 | 31970056 |
| microbiota in foods from inuit traditional hunting. | the foods we eat contain microorganisms that we ingest alongside the food. industrialized food systems offer great advantages from a safety point of view, but have also been accused of depleting the diversity of the human microbiota with negative implications for human health. in contrast, artisanal traditional foods are potential sources of a diverse food microbiota. traditional foods of the greenlandic inuit are comprised of animal-sourced foods prepared in the natural environment and are ofte ... | 2020 | 31935269 |
| on the crucial importance of a small bird: the ecosystem services of the little auk (alle alle) population in northwest greenland in a long-term perspective. | the little auk is the most numerous seabird in the north atlantic and its most important breeding area is the eastern shores of the north water polynya. here, a population of an estimated 33 million pairs breeds in huge colonies and significantly shapes the ecosystem. archaeological remains in the colonies document that the little auk has been harvested over millennia. anthropological research discloses how the little auk has a role both as social engineer and as a significant resource for the i ... | 2018 | 29516440 |
| echinococcus canadensis g8 tapeworm infection in a sheep, china, 2018. | we report a sheep infected with echinococcus canadensis g8 tapeworm in china in 2018. this pathogen was previously detected in moose, elk, muskox, and mule deer in europe and north america; our findings suggest a wider host range and geographic distribution. surveillance for the g8 tapeworm should be conducted in china. | 2019 | 31211942 |
| copper status of muskoxen: a comparison of wild and captive populations. | we compared wild muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) on banks island (northwest territories, canada) with captive animals maintained on grass (bromus sp.) hay and supplemental minerals. we measured copper (cu) in liver, whole serum, and deproteinated serum (unbound cu) as well as serum activity of the cu-enzyme ceruloplasmin. unbound serum cu concentrations did not change with season in captive animals (n = 53). ceruloplasmin activity was similar between seasons in females but elevated in males during b ... | 2003 | 14567223 |
| molecular resolution to a morphological controversy: the case of north american fossil muskoxen bootherium and symbos. | the musk ox (ovibos moschatus) is the only surviving member of a group of pleistocene north american musk ox genera (praeovibos, ovibos, bootherium, euceratherium, and soergelia) whose taxonomy is uncertain. the helmeted musk ox (bootherium bombifrons) and the woodland musk ox (symbos cavifrons) have been synonymised as male and female forms of a single nearctic species found from alaska, in the north, to texas, in the south. however, this reclassification has not been tested using molecular dat ... | 2018 | 30121342 |
| [the first case of hypoderma tarandi-associated human myiasis in greenland]. | we present the first case of human myiasis in greenland caused by the warble fly hypoderma tarandi. noticing a persisting, migrating, stinging facial sensation, a female patient eventually extirpated a larva from her upper eyelid, and the larva was confirmed to species level using dna-based methods. a high prevalence of h. tarandi in reindeer, the main reservoir host, and increasing populations of musk ox may imply an increased risk of zoonotic transmission. although diagnosis is challenging, ra ... | 2016 | 26750192 |
| high resistance towards herbivore-induced habitat change in a high arctic arthropod community. | mammal herbivores may exert strong impacts on plant communities, and are often key drivers of vegetation composition and diversity. we tested whether such mammal-induced changes to a high arctic plant community are reflected in the structure of other trophic levels. specifically, we tested whether substantial vegetation changes following the experimental exclusion of muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) altered the composition of the arthropod community and the predator-prey interactions therein. overall ... | 2018 | 29743265 |
| warble infestations by hypoderma tarandi (diptera; oestridae) recorded for the first time in west greenland muskoxen. | in the northern hemisphere, caribou (rangifer spp.) populations are known to be infested with the skin-penetrating ectoparasite, hypoderma tarandi (diptera; oestridae). although regarded as host specific, h. tarandi has been reported from other species, and has become of increasing concern as a zoonosis infecting humans. in february 2012, concurrent with the hunting of muskoxen, we examined carcasses for muscle and tissue parasites, and recorded warble larvae infestations. dna extracted from sam ... | 2013 | 24533338 |
| [fatal attacks of zoo animals on humans--a case report]. | media reports about fatal work accidents in zoos caused by zoo animals seem to appear in increasing numbers all around the world. in many cases the cause of such an accident can only be clarified by a detailed reconstruction of the event in combination with the autopsy results. this applies particularly in cases where no eyewitnesses were present. this report is about the case of a musk ox that killed its keeper, in which the fatal accident could be completely reconstructed. | 2009 | 18522381 |
| experimental reduction of food quality is not compensated with increased food intake in high-arctic muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). | a total of four barren adult female muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) were used over a period of 2 years for the purpose of the present study. during the first year, the natural changes in appetite (ad libitum intake of standard pelleted reindeer feed) and body mass were determined in two of the animals. during the second year, the effect of reduced food quality on ad libitum food intake was tested in all four animals in july when the appetite had been found to be at a high. we found that the experime ... | 2012 | 22293221 |
| orf virus infection in alaskan mountain goats, dall's sheep, muskoxen, caribou and sitka black-tailed deer. | the zoonotic orf virus (orfv; genus parapoxvirus, poxviridae family) occurs worldwide and is transmitted between sheep and goats, wildlife and man. archived tissue samples from 16 alaskan wildlife cases, representing mountain goat (oreamnos americanus, n = 8), dall's sheep (ovis dalli dalli, n = 3), muskox (ovibos moschatus, n = 3), sitka black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus sitkensis, n = 1) and caribou (rangifer tarandus granti, n = 1), were analyzed. | 2018 | 29467004 |
| foot health and prevalence of dichelobacter nodosus in 11 ungulate species at berne animal park. | dichelobacter nodosus (d. nodosus) is the etiological agent of ovine footrot affecting mainly sheep worldwide, but also free-ranging wild ungulates such as alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex) and mufflon (ovis orientalis orientalis). a nationwide ovine footrot eradication program is planned for the years to come, based on polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-testing of interdigital swab samples and regular footbathing. in this cross-sectional study, we clinically evaluated the foot health and analysed pres ... | 2020 | 33140726 |
| annual dynamics of the body temperature in musk oxen (ovibos moschatus) under the conditions of yakutia. | | 2018 | 21728126 |
| immobilization of muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) with etorphine and xylazine. | one hundred and thirty three "wild" muskoxen, 81 of which of known body mass, were successfully immobilized using etorphine (m99), and xylazine (rompun®), delivered by use of a dart gun. a dose of 0.05 mg/kg m99, supplemented by 0.15 mg/kg rompun was found to be very effective. this dose is much higher than currently recommended e.g. by handbook of wildlife chemical immobilization. | 2011 | 21707976 |
| range expansion of muskox lungworms track rapid arctic warming: implications for geographic colonization under climate forcing. | rapid climate warming in the arctic results in multifaceted disruption of biodiversity, faunal structure, and ecosystem health. hypotheses have linked range expansion and emergence of parasites and diseases to accelerating warming globally but empirical studies demonstrating causality are rare. using historical data and recent surveys as baselines, we explored climatological drivers for arctic warming as determinants of range expansion for two temperature-dependent lungworms, umingmakstrongylus ... | 2020 | 33057173 |
| immobilizing muskox ( ovibos moschatus) under high arctic conditions. | immobilizing and handling large, free-ranging animals without proper facilities in harsh environmental conditions poses significant challenges. during two field expeditions, a total of 29 female muskoxen ( ovibos moschatus) were immobilized in northeast greenland (74°n, 20°e). fixed doses of immobilizing drugs were used regardless of animal size: 2 mg etorphine, 30 mg xylazine, 0.3 mg medetomidine, and 40 mg ketamine. physiologic and behavioral monitoring was performed during the second expediti ... | 2018 | 30592918 |
| regulation of rumen fermentation during seasonal fluctuations in food intake of muskoxen. | we studied rumen fermentation of castrated adult muskoxen (ovibos moschatus; n=4) during periods of low (may) and high (august) food intake. turnover time (17+/-1.8 h) and volume (26+/-3.9 l) of rumen fluid were consistent between may and august and among days within each season. rumen temperature did not vary significantly during the day (38.8+/-0.29 degrees c) in either season. rumen osmolality (271.9+/-16.4 vs. 245.9+/-11.4 mosm kg(-1)) and ph (6.81+/-0.31 vs. 6.39+/-0.15) were higher in may ... | 2007 | 17134925 |
| the muskox lost a substantial part of its genetic diversity on its long road to greenland. | the muskox (ovibos moschatus) is the largest terrestrial herbivore in the arctic and plays a vital role in the tundra ecosystem [1-4]. its range, abundance, and genetic diversity have declined dramatically over the past 30,000 years [5]. two subspecies are recognized, but little is known about the genetic structure and how this relates to the species history. one unresolved question is how and when the species dispersed into its present range, notably the present strongholds in the canadian arch ... | 2018 | 30528581 |
| evaluation of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays measuring pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in the blood of muskoxen ( ovibos moschatus). | pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (pags) are expressed by the ruminal placenta, making their detection in blood an accurate indicator of pregnancy. this study aimed to evaluate two commercially available pag enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) in muskoxen ( ovibos moschatus). the two tests are based on the same principles; however, one is evaluated photometrically and the other visually. sixteen samples covering all trimesters of pregnancy, and 16 nonpregnant samples were included to ev ... | 2018 | 30212318 |
| field method for isolation of trichostrongyle larvae from vegetation of natural pastures of arctic ruminants. | the extent to which wild ruminant populations are exposed to infective helminth larvae on their natural pastures is relatively undetermined. in the present study, a modified method for sampling of herbage and isolation of trichostrongyle infective third-stage larvae from natural pastures was used successfully in a muskox habitat in low-arctic greenland. the method, a revision of the macro-baermann method, is particularly aimed at fieldwork under primitive conditions. | 2003 | 12760673 |
| influence of season and diet on fiber digestion and bacterial community structure in the rumen of muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). | we studied the relationship between fiber digestion and the composition of the bacterial community in the rumen of muskoxen at the start and the end of the annual window of plant growth from spring to fall. eight ruminally cannulated castrated males were fed brome hay or triticale straw (69.6% vs. 84.6% neutral detergent fiber, respectively) that were similar in fiber content to the sedges consumed by wild muskoxen (64.5 to 71.7% neutral detergent fiber). muskoxen digested fiber from both forage ... | 2018 | 30127327 |
| comparative chromosome mapping of musk ox and the x chromosome among some bovidae species. | : bovidae, the largest family in pecora infraorder, are characterized by a striking variability in diploid number of chromosomes between species and among individuals within a species. the bovid x chromosome is also remarkably variable, with several morphological types in the family. here we built a detailed chromosome map of musk ox (ovibosmoschatus), a relic species originating from pleistocene megafauna, with dromedary and human probes using chromosome painting. we trace chromosomal rearrange ... | 2019 | 31671864 |
| a comparative study on the faecal bacterial community and potential zoonotic bacteria of muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) in northeast greenland, northwest greenland and norway. | muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) are ruminants adapted to a high-fibre diet. there is increasing interest in the role that gut microbes play in the digestion and utilization of these specialized diets but only limited data available on the gut microbiome of high-arctic animals. in this study, we metabarcoded the 16s rrna region of faecal samples from muskoxen of northeast greenland, northwest greenland and norway, and quantified the effects of physiological and temporal factors on bacterial compositi ... | 2018 | 30044373 |
| correction: novel insights into serodiagnosis and epidemiology of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a newly recognized pathogen in muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231724.]. | 2020 | 33031443 |
| an application of upscaled optimal foraging theory using hidden markov modelling: year-round behavioural variation in a large arctic herbivore. | in highly seasonal environments, animals face critical decisions regarding time allocation, diet optimisation, and habitat use. in the arctic, the short summers are crucial for replenishing body reserves, while low food availability and increased energetic demands characterise the long winters (9-10 months). under such extreme seasonal variability, even small deviations from optimal time allocation can markedly impact individuals' condition, reproductive success and survival. we investigated whi ... | 2020 | 32518653 |
| novel insights into serodiagnosis and epidemiology of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a newly recognized pathogen in muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). | muskoxen are a key species of arctic ecosystems and are important for food security and socio-economic well-being of many indigenous communities in the arctic and subarctic. between 2009 and 2014, the bacterium erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated for the first time in this species in association with multiple mortality events in canada and alaska, raising questions regarding the spatiotemporal occurrence of the pathogen and its potential impact on muskox populations. | 2020 | 32315366 |
| limited dietary overlap amongst resident arctic herbivores in winter: complementary insights from complementary methods. | snow may prevent arctic herbivores from accessing their forage in winter, forcing them to aggregate in the few patches with limited snow. in high arctic greenland, arctic hare and rock ptarmigan often forage in muskox feeding craters. we therefore hypothesized that due to limited availability of forage, the dietary niches of these resident herbivores overlap considerably, and that the overlap increases as winter progresses. to test this, we analyzed fecal samples collected in early and late wint ... | 2018 | 29700632 |
| qiviut cortisol in muskoxen as a potential tool for informing conservation strategies. | muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) are increasingly subject to multiple new stressors associated with unprecedented climate change and increased anthropogenic activities across much of their range. hair may provide a measurement of stress hormones (glucocorticoids) over periods of weeks to months. we developed a reliable method to quantify cortisol in the qiviut (wooly undercoat) of muskoxen using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. we then applied this technique to determine the ... | 2017 | 28948023 |
| on the interplay between hypothermia and reproduction in a high arctic ungulate. | for free-ranging animals living in seasonal environments, hypometabolism (lowered metabolic rate) and hypothermia (lowered body temperature) can be effective physiological strategies to conserve energy when forage resources are low. to what extent such strategies are adopted by large mammals living under extreme conditions, as those encountered in the high arctic, is largely unknown, especially for species where the gestation period overlaps with the period of lowest resource availability (i.e. ... | 2020 | 32001737 |
| viscous properties of muskox blood. | | 1971 | 4398996 |
| muskox (ovibos moschatus) milk. i. gross composition, fatty acid, and mineral constitution. | | 1970 | 5503035 |
| severe hypoxemia in muskoxen ( ovibos moschatus ) immobilized with etorphine and xylazine corrected with supplemental nasal oxygen. | twenty-three muskoxen ( ovibos moschatus ) housed in a captive facility for rewilding in sweden were chemically immobilized for annual health evaluations and hoof trimming. the muskoxen were darted in may to september (2012-15) in their holding pen with etorphine (0.015 mg/kg) and xylazine (0.1 mg/kg) intramuscularly. twenty-two of the 23 animals were immobilized with a single dart injection. the mean (sd) induction time was 4 (2) min. arterial blood gases were collected from 18 animals. all ani ... | 2017 | 28051570 |
| geography, seasonality, and host-associated population structure influence the fecal microbiome of a genetically depauparate arctic mammal. | the canadian arctic is an extreme environment with low floral and faunal diversity characterized by major seasonal shifts in temperature, moisture, and daylight. muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) are one of few large herbivores able to survive this harsh environment. microbiome research of the gastrointestinal tract may hold clues as to how muskoxen exist in the arctic, but also how this species may respond to rapid environmental changes. in this study, we investigated the effects of season (spring/su ... | 2019 | 31871639 |
| observations on a mobile arctic military force; the health, physical fitness and nutrition of exercise musk ox. | | 1947 | 18909324 |
| the probable recent extinction of the muskox in alaska. | | 1912 | 17731417 |
| discovery of a musk ox skull (ovibos cavifrons leidy), in west virginia, near steubenville, ohio. | | 1902 | 17816247 |
| mycoplasma conjunctivae-associated keratoconjunctivitis in norwegian muskox (ovibos moschatus). | in late summer 2014, an outbreak of ocular disease occurred in the norwegian muskox (ovibos moschatus) population. animals showed rings of pus around their eyes and one euthanized animal was diagnosed with acute keratoconjunctivitis. the dna sequence analysis of eye-swab samples from this animal revealed a high abundance of mycoplasma conjunctivae. | 2020 | 31833817 |
| a transdisciplinary approach to brucella in muskoxen of the western canadian arctic 1989-2016. | brucella serostatus was evaluated in 3189 muskoxen sampled between 1989 and 2016 from various locations of the canadian arctic archipelago and mainland, near the communities of sachs harbour and ulukhaktok, northwest territories, and cambridge bay and kugluktuk, nunavut. brucella antibodies were found only in muskoxen sampled around cambridge bay, both on southern victoria island and on the adjacent mainland (kent peninsula). consistent with participatory epidemiology data documented from local ... | 2019 | 31414318 |
| the muscular, hepatic and adipose tissues proteomes in muskox (ovibos moschatus): differences between males and females. | the muskox (ovibos moschatus) is a ruminant highly adapted to arctic conditions. the objective of this work is to study liver, muscle and adipose tissues proteomes in muskoxen highlighting sex differences. ten animals (5 per sex) were sampled in western greenland during the winter hunting season. during carcass processing, muscle, liver and rump fat samples were obtained. proteomic analyses were conducted using both gel-based and gel-free approaches. gel-free data are available (proteomexchange; ... | 2019 | 31394309 |
| muskox myoglobin: purification, characterization and kinetics studies compared with cattle and water buffalo myoglobins. | the arctic muskox has economic potential as an alternative meat species and is becoming increasingly popular. the present study aimed to determine the primary structure and pseudoperoxidase activity of muskox myoglobin (mb) compared to cattle and water buffalo myoglobins. | 2019 | 31259416 |
| sequencing and characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of mishmi takin (budorcas taxicolor taxicolor) and comparison with the other caprinae species. | mishmi takin (budorcas taxicolor taxicolor) is an endangered and least studies species. we sequenced and annotated a 16,584 bp long complete mitogenome of mishmi takin (b. t. taxicolor). it was encoded by 37 genes: 13 protein-coding genes (pcgs), two ribosomal rna genes, 22 transfer rna, and non-coding control region. all trna genes show a typical secondary cloverleaf structure, except trnaser(agy) in which dihydrouridine arm did not form a stable structure. we observed 82 bp nucleotide deletion ... | 2019 | 31254580 |
| novel encephalomyelitis-associated astrovirus in a muskox (ovibos moschatus): a surprise from the archives. | the small, single-stranded positive-sense rna astroviruses are mostly known to be enteric viruses. in recent years, though, different astroviruses were reported in association with neurological disease in various species. in cattle, two distinct neurotropic astrovirus genotype species were described in numerous cases of nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis, with one of these viruses also reported in similar circumstances in several sheep. here, we retrieved archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ... | 2019 | 31234899 |
| show me your rump hair and i will tell you what you ate - the dietary history of muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) revealed by sequential stable isotope analysis of guard hairs. | the nutritional state of animals is tightly linked to the ambient environment, and for northern ungulates the state strongly influences vital population demographics, such as pregnancy rates. continuously growing tissues, such as hair, can be viewed as dietary records of animals over longer temporal scales. using sequential data on nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15n) in muskox guard hairs from ten individuals in high arctic northeast greenland, we were able to reconstruct the dietary history of musk ... | 2016 | 27097032 |
| fatty acid composition of muscle, adipose tissue and liver from muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) living in west greenland. | information about lipid content and fatty acid (fa) composition of muskoxen (ovibos moschatos) edible tissues is very limited in comparison to other meat sources. thus, this work aims to present the first in-depth characterization of the fa profile of meat, subcutaneous adipose tissue and liver of muskoxen living in west greenland. furthermore, we aim to evaluate the effect of sex in the fa composition of these edible tissues. samples from muscle (longissimus dorsi), subcutaneous adipose tissue ... | 2015 | 26678792 |
| muskox status, recent variation, and uncertain future. | muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) are an integral component of arctic biodiversity. given low genetic diversity, their ability to respond to future and rapid arctic change is unknown, although paleontological history demonstrates adaptability within limits. we discuss status and limitations of current monitoring, and summarize circumpolar status and recent variations, delineating all 55 endemic or translocated populations. acknowledging uncertainties, global abundance is ca 170 000 muskoxen. not all p ... | 2020 | 31187429 |
| ruminal fermentation and fill change with season in an arctic grazer: responses to hyperphagia and hypophagia in muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). | we studied castrated adult muskoxen fed a standard diet of grass hay and supplement throughout the year to determine seasonal changes in digesta passage, fill, and fermentation without the confounding effects of reproductive demands or changes in food quality. although food intake increased by 74% between spring and autumn, mean retention times of fluid and particulate digesta markers were maintained between seasons in both the rumen (9-13 h) and the intestines (27-37 h). the rumen contained 84. ... | 2006 | 16691516 |
| seasonal hyperphagia does not reduce digestive efficiency in an arctic grazer. | muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) consume fibrous plants that grow rapidly over the short arctic summer. we studied responses of eight castrated male muskoxen to a diet of grass hay and mineral supplements during spring, autumn, and winter. animals gained body mass in spring (239+/-39 kg) as body fat content increased from 26% to 38% of ingesta-free mass in winter without changes in lean mass and protein. intakes of dry matter (dm) increased by 74% between spring and autumn as digestible energy increa ... | 2013 | 13130427 |
| trace mineral and vitamin concentrations in the liver and serum of wild muskoxen from victoria island. | selected trace minerals and vitamins were assayed in the liver and serum of 25 wild muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) from victoria island, (nunavut, canada) in november, 1995. mean +/- se liver concentrations in micromol/kg wet weight were 260+/-16 for copper; 1.04+/-0.06 for selenium; 11.5+/-0.7 for molybdenum and 62.8+/-3.3 for vitamin e. mean +/- se serum concentrations in micromol/l were 14.2+/-0.3 for copper; 0.75+/-0.04 for selenium, 1.53+/-0.07 for vitamin a and 5.80+/-0.55 for vitamin e. comp ... | 2000 | 10813612 |
| hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase activity in the pineal gland of the muskox (ovibos moschatus). | characteristics of hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase (hiomt) activity were examined in pineal gland tissue from 10 muskoxen shot by native hunters in november, 1990. the enzyme preferentially methylated n-acetylserotonin, with other hydroxyindole compounds showing relatively low affinities; activity peaked sharply at ph 8.2. hiomt was noncompetitively inhibited by its substrate, n-acetylserotonin, and competitively inhibited by its product s-adenosylhomocysteine. the catalytic mechanism appeared ... | 1994 | 7932034 |
| endocrine changes and luteal morphology during pregnancy in muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). | progesterone, oestradiol and oestrone were measured in plasma from four captive muskoxen during three consecutive pregnancies (1983-1984, 1984-1985 and 1985-1986). jugular blood samples were collected weekly (1983) or on an alternating 3:4 day schedule (1984-1986) during the first 12-15 weeks and last 6-10 weeks of pregnancy. sampling during mid-pregnancy was at intervals of 2 weeks (1983 and 1985) or 1 week (1986). duration of gestation was about 34 weeks (235 +/- 4 (sd) days (n = 10), range 23 ... | 1993 | 8283455 |
| diffusive isotopic contamination of mafic magma by coexisting silicic liquid in the muskox intrusion. | shifts in (87)sr/(86)sr and (143)nd/(144)nd ratios measured in cumulates from the upper levels of the muskox mafic intrusion indicate that isotopic and bulk chemical exchange were decoupled across a mafic-silicic liquid interface during crystallization of the intrusion. modeling of diffusive exchange between liquid layers demonstrates that isotopic compositions of silicate liquids in layered magma chambers may be strongly affected by this process on time scales of 10(3) to 10(4) years. diffusive ... | 1992 | 17756951 |
| odor of the muskox : a preliminary investigation. | the behavior of captive male muskoxen was observed closely during their characteristic superiority display, the anatomy of the preputial region was studied in two adults and three calves, and preputial washings and preorbital gland secretion were subjected to gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. during the superiority display, the prepuce was everted to form a pendulous tube tipped with a fringe of matted hair. owing to the movement of the animal, the urine that dribbled from the preputial ... | 1989 | 24272381 |
| progesterone, oestradiol-17 beta and lh during the oestrous cycle of muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). | progesterone, oestradiol-17 beta and lh were measured in plasma from 6 non-pregnant, captive, female muskoxen during the 1984 and 1985 breeding seasons. jugular blood samples were taken on an alternating 3/4-day schedule in 1984 and daily or at 4-h intervals over oestrus, via indwelling jugular cannulae, for 6 weeks in 1985. oestrous cycle length was 19.6 +/- 0.96 (s.d.) days (n = 19) and did not vary between the first and subsequent cycles of the season. progesterone was lowest at oestrus (less ... | 1988 | 3184036 |
| modes of thermal protection in newborn muskoxen (ovibos moschatus). | the muskoxen (ovibos moschatus), a native of greenland and the canadian north west territories, give birth in late april, and the newborn calves are known to tolerate an ambient temperature (ta) of -35 degrees c. at birth the calves weigh about 8 kg, increasing in weight with 0.6 kg . day-1 for the first 30 days. with a deep body temperature (dbt) of 39.5 degrees c (range 37.7-41.3 degrees c) the newborn calves are consequently able to maintain a thermogradient of at least 70 degrees c between b ... | 1984 | 6524390 |
| [behavior of the musk ox (ovibos moschatus)]. | | 1979 | 533531 |
| haemonchosis in a captive muskox calf. | | 1976 | 949665 |
| corynebacterial infection in the domesticated musk ox (ovibos moschatus). | | 1970 | 5202555 |
| observations on a mobile arctic force; the health, physical fitness and nutrition of exercise musk ox, february-may 1945. | | 1948 | 18887577 |
| corynebacterium freneyi bacterial septicemia secondary to contagious ecthyma in a wild muskox (ovibos moschatus). | a wild muskox (ovibos moschatus) with dermatitis typical of contagious ecthyma had secondary bacterial septicemia with corynebacterium freneyi that included laminitis, hepatitis, and suppurative encephalitis. this case supports the association between orf virus infection and fatal secondary infections, which may have contributed to population declines on victoria island, canada. | 2021 | 33635972 |
| dynamics of body protein and the implications for reproduction in captive muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) during winter. | muskoxen are considered to be obligate capital breeders because they rely exclusively on endogenous stores to reproduce. we studied 14 captive female muskoxen (not pregnant, n = 9; pregnant, n = 5) in february-june 2007 to assess changes in body composition and isotopic correlates of protein status (proportions of amino acid [p-an] and urea n [p-un] derived from body n). we measured body mass, body composition, and n metabolites in blood and urine between midgestation in february and early lacta ... | 2013 | 20497043 |
| detection of mitochondrial insertions in the nucleus (numts) of pleistocene and modern muskoxen. | nuclear insertions of mitochondrial sequences (numts) have been identified in a wide variety of organisms. trafficking of genetic material from the mitochondria to the nucleus has occurred frequently during mammalian evolution and can lead to the production of a large pool of sequences with varying degrees of homology to organellar mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequences. this presents both opportunities and challenges for forensics, population genetics, evolutionary genetics, conservation biology a ... | 2007 | 17466066 |