Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| detection of paramyxoviruses in magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) on the brazilian tropical coast. | aquatic migratory birds are a major vectors by which influenza viruses and paramyxoviruses are spread in nature. magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) are usually present on the southern shores of south america and can swim as far as the southern coast of brazil in winter. in 2008, however, several magellanic penguins were observed on the northeastern coast of brazil. paramyxoviruses were isolated from magellanic penguins on the espírito santo state coast, approximately 4000km from their ... | 2011 | 22189432 |
| marine debris ingestion by magellanic penguins, spheniscus magellanicus (aves: sphenisciformes), from the brazilian coastal zone. | magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) are non-breeding winter visitors to the brazilian coast. in 2008 and 2010, plastic items and other marine debris were found in the stomachs and intestines of 15% of 175 dead penguins collected in the lagos region of the state of rio de janeiro. one bird had its stomach perforated by a plastic straw, which may have caused its death. there are few records of penguins ingesting plastic litter, but previous studies have found similar levels of debris ing ... | 2011 | 21864861 |
| molecular sexing of unusually large numbers of spheniscus magellanicus (spheniscidae) washed ashore along the brazilian coast in 2008. | there have been few studies on magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus). in 2008, these penguins washed ashore along the brazilian coast in unusually high numbers, some reaching as far as northeast brazil. as magellanic penguins show little sexual dimorphism, sex determination by morphological features is not accurate. here, we tested a molecular procedure for sexing specimens of s. magellanicus washed ashore along the coasts of sergipe, rio de janeiro and rio grande do sul in 2008, compari ... | 2011 | 22180075 |
| gillnet fisheries as a major mortality factor of magellanic penguins in wintering areas. | the incidental capture in fisheries is probably the main conservation problem affecting seabirds. while the capture of albatrosses and petrels on longline hooks is well-known worldwide, the bycatch of diving seabirds in gillnets is an overlooked conservation problem. during a winter coastal fishing trip, the capture of magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) was recorded in driftnet and bottom setnet fisheries for the first time in southern brazil. the highest captures rates were found in ... | 2011 | 21376348 |
| n-dimensional animal energetic niches clarify behavioural options in a variable marine environment. | animals respond to environmental variation by exhibiting a number of different behaviours and/or rates of activity, which result in corresponding variation in energy expenditure. successful animals generally maximize efficiency or rate of energy gain through foraging. quantification of all features that modulate energy expenditure can theoretically be modelled as an animal energetic niche or power envelope; with total power being represented by the vertical axis and n-dimensional horizontal axes ... | 2011 | 21270314 |
| magellanic penguin mortality in 2008 along the sw atlantic coast. | magellanic penguins migrate from patagonia reaching northern argentina, uruguay, and southern brazil on their winter migration, in parallel with the seasonal pulse of anchovy spawning. in 2008, magellanic penguins went further north than usual. many died and a few swam nearly to the equator. twelve groups surveyed 5000 km of coastline encountering 3371 penguins along the coast. most penguins arrived in northern brazil (68.4%) without petroleum (2933, 87%). almost all penguins without petroleum w ... | 2010 | 20674946 |
| levels of cadmium, mercury, and lead in magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) stranded on the brazilian coast. | cadmium (cd), mercury (hg), and lead (pb) were determined in samples of liver and breast muscles of first-year magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus), from two different areas on the brazilian coast, 35 on the rio de janeiro coast and 12 on the rio grande do sul coast. in both areas, cd concentrations in muscle samples were <0.025 microg/g. however, the cd and hg concentrations found in liver and hg concentrations found in muscle showed a significant difference between the two regions. th ... | 2010 | 19582498 |
| identification of plasmodium relictum causing mortality in penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) from são paulo zoo, brazil. | this study reports avian malaria caused by plasmodium relictum in magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) from são paulo zoo. the disease was highly infective among the birds and was clinically characterized by its acute course and high mortality. the penguins of são paulo zoo were housed for at least 2 years without malaria; however, they had always been maintained in an enclosure protected from mosquito exposure during the night period. when they presented pododermatitis, they were freed ... | 2010 | 20638795 |
| vision of the humboldt penguin (spheniscus humboldti) in air and water. | refractive states measured by retinoscopy and photorefraction indicate that the eyes of the humboldt penguin, spheniscus humboldti, are approximately emmetropic in air and water. extensive myopia in air, as predicted by earlier authors and by a recent anatomical study, is non-existent. photorefractive measurements of the refractive state, in water, of the humboldt penguin indicate that it can accommodate sufficiently to make up the loss of the refractive power of the cornea. the cornea of the hu ... | 2010 | 2881308 |
| proteocatella sphenisci gen. nov., sp. nov., a psychrotolerant, spore-forming anaerobe isolated from penguin guano. | a novel, obligately anaerobic, psychrotolerant bacterium, designated strain ppp2t, was isolated from guano of the magellanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus) in chilean patagonia. cells were gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, straight rods (0.7-0.8x3.0-5.0 microm) that were motile by means of peritrichous flagella. growth was observed at ph 6.7-9.7 (optimum ph 8.3) and 2-37 degrees c (optimum 29 degrees c). growth was observed between 0 and 4% (w/v) nacl with optimum growth at 0.5% (w/v). stra ... | 2009 | 19620379 |
| west nile virus seroconversion in penguins after vaccination with a killed virus vaccine or a dna vaccine. | to investigate the serologic response of penguins to west nile virus (wnv) vaccines, four species of exclusively indoor-housed penguins, negative for wnv by serology, were evaluated: humboldt (spheniscus humboldti), magellanic (spheniscus magellanicus), gentoo (pygoscelis papua), and rockhopper (eudyptes chrysoscome) penguins. birds were inoculated with either a killed virus vaccine or a plasmid-mediated dna wnv vaccine, and postinoculation serology was evaluated. both vaccines induced seroconve ... | 2008 | 19110700 |
| low mhc variation in the endangered galápagos penguin (spheniscus mendiculus). | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is one of the most polymorphic regions of the genome, likely due to balancing selection acting to maintain alleles over time. lack of mhc variability has been attributed to factors such as genetic drift in small populations and relaxed selection pressure. the galápagos penguin (spheniscus mendiculus), endemic to the galápagos islands, is the only penguin that occurs on the equator. it relies upon cold, nutrient-rich upwellings and experiences severe pop ... | 2007 | 17457582 |
| further study of contracaecum pelagicum (nematoda: anisakidae) in spheniscus magellanicus (aves: spheniscidae) from argentinean coasts. | the anisakid species contracaecum pelagicum johnston and mawson, 1942, is reported for first time at 2 different sites on the argentine coast (peninsula valdés, 42 degrees 04's, 63 degrees 38'w and mar del plata, 38 degrees 05's, 57 degrees 38'w), parasitizing the magellanic penguin, spheniscus magellanicus foster. morphometric analysis and further studies of adult specimens of c. pelagicum were done using light and scanning electron microscopy. the presence of bifurcated interlabia differentiat ... | 2007 | 17436954 |
| trichococcus patagoniensis sp. nov., a facultative anaerobe that grows at -5 degrees c, isolated from penguin guano in chilean patagonia. | a novel, extremely psychrotolerant, facultative anaerobe, strain pmagg1(t), was isolated from guano of magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) collected in chilean patagonia. gram-variable, motile cocci with a diameter of 1.3-2.0 mum were observed singularly or in pairs, short chains and irregular conglomerates. growth occurred within the ph range 6.0-10.0, with optimum growth at ph 8.5. the temperature range for growth of the novel isolate was from -5 to 35 degrees c, with optimum growth ... | 2006 | 16957099 |
| habituation of adult magellanic penguins to human visitation as expressed through behavior and corticosterone secretion. | ecotourism is increasing worldwide; hence, it is important to know how wildlife are affected behaviorally and physiologically by human visitation. we studied the effects of human visitation on the magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) at punta tombo, argentina, by monitoring changes in defensive head turns and plasma corticosterone (a hormone secreted in response to stress) for penguins with and without a history of tourist visitation. habituation to human visitation was rapid. in pengui ... | 2006 | 16909667 |
| chronic oil pollution harms magellanic penguins in the southwest atlantic. | petroleum pollution is a problem for seabirds along the southwest atlantic coast. twenty-five groups from salvador, brazil (12 degrees 58's) to san antonio oeste, argentina (40 degrees 43's) survey or rehabilitate sick or oiled seabirds. four groups, one each in brazil and uruguay, and two in argentina, kept counts of birds found alive and in need of rehabilitation. an average of 63.7% of the seabirds found were magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus), with 3869 reported since 1987. mainly ... | 2006 | 16364372 |
| corneal endothelium of the magellanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus) by scanning electron microscopy. | the corneal endothelium is essential for the maintenance of the corneal transparency. the aim of this study was to examine the morphology of the endothelial surface and perform morphometric analysis of the normal corneal endothelial cells of the magellanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus) using scanning electron microscopy. the present work demonstrates that the corneal endothelium of the magellanic penguin is similar to those described in other vertebrates. | 2005 | 17312730 |
| field endocrinology and conservation biology. | field endocrinology techniques allow the collection of samples (i.e., blood, urine, feces, tissues) from free-living animals for analysis of hormones, receptors, enzymes, etc. these data reveal mechanisms by which individuals respond to environmental challenges, breed, migrate and regulate all aspects of their life cycles. field endocrinology techniques can also be used to address many issues in conservation biology. we briefly review past and current ways in which endocrine methods are used to ... | 2005 | 21676739 |
| age and food deprivation affects expression of the glucocorticosteroid stress response in magellanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus) chicks. | we examined how the glucocortical stress response in free-living magellanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus) chicks changes with age and whether adrenocortical function of chicks within a brood varies in relation to food provisioned by adults. chicks showed little corticosterone response to capture stress shortly after hatching, an intermediate response around 45-d posthatch, and a robust stress response near fledging. however, in response to an adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) challenge, hat ... | 2005 | 15702466 |
| metal concentrations in the liver and kidney of aquatic mammals and penguins. | we determined the hepatic and renal concentrations of cd, pb, zn, cu, and fe in (1) marine mammals (three bottle-nosed dolphins, six california sea lions, and one sea otter), (2) freshwater and brackish-water mammals (one oriental short-clawed otter and four european river otters), and (3) sea birds (three rock-hopper penguins, two king penguins, three humboldt penguins, four macaroni penguins, and four magellanic penguins), all of which were kept in a zoo and an aquarium in japan. we investigat ... | 2004 | 14985624 |
| antennae on transmitters on penguins: balancing energy budgets on the high wire. | the effect of externally mounted antennae on the energetics of penguins was studied by mounting various antennae on a transducer fixed to a model magellanic penguin spheniscus magellanicus to determine drag, run at speeds of up to 2 m s(-1) in a swim canal. for rigid antennae set perpendicular to the water flow, measured drag increased with increasing swim speed. increasing antenna length (for lengths between 100 and 200 mm) or diameter (for diameters between 1 and 4 mm) resulted in accelerating ... | 2004 | 15201297 |
| patterns of respiration in diving penguins: is the last gasp an inspired tactic? | humboldt penguins spheniscus humboldti in captivity and free-living magellanic penguins s. magellanicus were fitted with loggers to determine beak angles during breathing. the humboldt penguins were also fitted with masks for determining rates of air flow during breathing. during periods of higher gas exchange requirement, humboldt penguins opened their beaks during inspiration, where tidal volume was linearly correlated with both change in beak angle and maximum beak angle, closed them slightly ... | 2003 | 12682106 |
| corynebacterium spheniscorum sp. nov., isolated from the cloacae of wild penguins. | twenty unidentified gram-positive, rod-shaped organisms were recovered from the cloacae of apparently healthy wild penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. on the basis of cellular morphology and biochemical criteria, the isolates were tentatively assigned to the genus corynebacterium, although the organisms did not appear to correspond to any recognized species. lipid studies confirmed this generic placement, and comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing s ... | 2003 | 12656150 |
| systemic aspergillosis in an oiled magallanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus). | this report describes a case of fatal aspergillosis caused by a. fumigatus during the recovery of an oiled magallanic penguin. the possible role of aspergillosis as a possible complication responsible for the mortality of penguins surviving the first days of treatment for oil is emphasized. | 2001 | 11666038 |
| health evaluation of penguins (sphenisciformes) following mortality in the falklands (south atlantic). | in the falklands, heavy mortality of rock-hopper penguins eudyptes chrysocome occurred during the 1985-86 breeding season. starvation was diagnosed as the primary cause of death, possibly caused by a shortage of euphausiid crustaceans (krill) due to unusual meterological conditions. 'puffinosis' may possibly have been a contributory factor; otherwise no conclusive evidence of infectious disease or toxicosis was found and also no evidence of radioactive contamination. in the 1986-87 breeding seas ... | 2001 | 11558725 |
| offspring body condition and immunocompetence are negatively affected by high breeding densities in a colonial seabird: a multiscale approach. | why avian colonies vary in size and how food competition among nearby colonies affects offspring quality are still not completely understood. we simultaneously examined the effects of four scales of breeding density on two measures of offspring viability (body condition and t-cell-mediated immunity) in the colonial magellanic penguin. body condition of fledglings was inversely correlated with breeding density within 100 m(2) of nests, and decreased with increasing numbers of breeding pairs compe ... | 2001 | 11454288 |
| histochemical study of magellanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus) minor salivary glands during postnatal growth. | the histological and histochemical features of the minor salivary glands during postnatal development have been generally associated with the type of food ingested. however, recent studies support the fact that these salivary glands develop independently of the diet; in fact, minor salivary glands have similar morphological and histochemical characteristics in adult individuals of species with different diet regimens. thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the developmental morphology o ... | 1999 | 9972815 |
| reproductive endocrinology and weight change in relation to reproductive success in the magellanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus). | the magellanic penguin is a colonial monogamous species that lays only a single clutch of two eggs per year. however, failed breeders remain at the colony and engage in nest building, fights, and copulations without relaying. the seasonal changes in reproductive hormones and body weight through the nesting cycle were studied, with respect to the reproductive success or failure of individuals. body weight changed dramatically in both sexes through the season, in response to fasting during incubat ... | 1994 | 7926639 |
| polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic mobility of alkaline proteinase produced by aspergillus flavus isolated from a penguin. | the electrophoretic mobility of alkaline proteinase produced by four isolates from a penguin (spheniscus magellanicus) was same in all of them and was consistent with that of aspergillus (a.) flavus nrrl 1957 used as a reference strain, but not consistent with that of a. parasiticus nrrl 2999. therefore, four isolates were confirmed as a. flavus. | 1993 | 8461406 |
| the eye of the magellanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus): structure of the anterior segment. | we undertook a light and scanning electron microscopic study of the eye in the magellanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus). the anatomical peculiarities of the eyeball shape in sphenisciformes have been previously described by others; here, we show that they are accompanied by several modifications in the organization of the anterior segment of the eye. the main change was found in the portion of opaque sclera extending from the cornea to the anterior border of the scleral ossicles, which was m ... | 1990 | 2260531 |
| parental quality and selection on egg size in the magellanic penguin. | we examined the relative contributions of egg size and parental quality to hatching success, fledging success, and chick growth in the magellanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus) be exchanging clutches between nests to reduce the covariation between egg and parental factors. among control nests, fledging success increased slightly with egg size. however, the effect of egg size independently of parental quality was limited to an influence on chick mass and size for the first 10 days post-hatchin ... | 1990 | 28567813 |
| haematology of wild penguins (spenisciformes) in the falkland islands. | haematological values were determined in 50 rockhopper (eudyptes crestatus), 19 gentoo (pygoscelis papua) and 12 magellanic (spheniscus magellanicus) penguins from various sites on the falkland islands. adult magellanic penguins had significantly lower haemoglobin (hb) levels, packed cell volumes (pcv) and red cell counts (rbc) than adults of the other two species. hb, pcv and rbc values were also lower in juvenile birds than in adults and lower in post-moult than in pre-moult adults. comparison ... | 1989 | 18679879 |
| plasma alpha-tocopherol, total lipids and total cholesterol in wild rockhopper, magellanic and gentoo penguins before and after moulting. | post moult rockhopper penguins (eudyptes crestatus) had significantly higher plasma alpha-tocopherol (vitamin e), total lipid and total cholesterol concentrations than their pre-moult counterparts. in the magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) there were post moult increases in total lipid, cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol concentrations, but only the increase in alpha-tocopherol was significant. plasma alpha-tocopherol, total lipid and total cholesterol concentrations in post moult gento ... | 1989 | 2773196 |
| plasmodium relictum as a cause of avian malaria in wild-caught magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus). | avian malaria (plasmodium relictum) caused significant mortality in wild-caught magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) in 1986 at the blank park zoo in des moines, iowa (usa). in early winter, wild birds were captured off the southern coast of chile and flown to detroit, michigan for a 38 day quarantine. after quarantine, 18 birds were dispersed to lansing, michigan, six to a facility in maine, and 46 to des moines, iowa. upon arrival in des moines, several penguins became weak and inacti ... | 1988 | 3193555 |
| [a nematode parasite of the penguin spheniscus magellanicus (forster) (ascaridoidea, anisakidae)]. | the nematodes were collected from the penguin spheniscus magellanicus (forster) (sphenisciformes). a study from the main species of contracaecum that occur in penguins and piscivorous birds from the south hemisphere is made, more specifically the c. eudyptulae johnston & mawson, 1942a, c. eudyptes johnston & mawson, 1953, c. heardi mawson, 1953, c. antarcticum johnston, 1938, c. prevosti tchéprakoff, 1966, c. spiculigerum (rudolphi, 1809), c. osculatum (rudolphi, 1802), c. scotti (leiper & atkin ... | 1984 | 6543564 |
| penguin vision in air and water. | refractive states measured by retinoscopy and photorefraction indicate that rockhopper (eudyptes crestatus), magellanic (spheniscus magellanicus) and gentoo (pygoscelis papua) penguins are approximately emmetropic in air and water. extensive myopia in air, as predicted by early authors, is nonexistent. photorefractive measurements of refractive state in water indicate that rockhopper, gentoo, magellanic and king (aptenodytes patagonica) penguins can accommodate sufficiently to make up for the lo ... | 1984 | 6534014 |