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treatment outcomes of macrolide-susceptible mycobacterium abscessus lung disease.mycobacterium abscessus lung disease is difficult to treat due to inducible resistance to macrolides. however, 15%-20% of isolates are macrolide susceptible. in 14 patients with macrolide-susceptible m. abscessus lung disease, all isolates had nonfunctional erm(41) gene, and sputum culture conversion rate was achieved in 93% (13/14) following antibiotic therapy.201729329759
mycobacterium abscessus disease in lung transplant recipients: diagnosis and management.mycobacterium abscessus complex (mabsc ) disease in lung transplant recipients is increasingly being recognized as an important cause of graft function decline and suboptimal outcomes. lung transplant recipients appear to be at the highest risk of mabsc among solid organ transplant recipients, as they have more intense immunosuppression, and the organisms preferentially inhabit the lungs. mabsc is the most resistant species of rapidly growing mycobacteria and difficult to treat, causing consider ...201729276785
isolated subcutaneous nontuberculous mycobacterial infection: a rare case initially mischaracterized as a soft tissue malignancy.the occurrence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) infection is rare, and the involvement of the musculoskeletal system is even less common. however, the incidence of soft tissue and skin ntm infection is increasing, particularly in patients who undergo injections and minor surgical procedures. given the non-specific clinical manifestations of ntm infection, the lack of knowledge among physicians regarding this rare infection could lead to inaccurate and delayed diagnosis. herein, we present a ...201729273829
genetic correlates of clarithromycin susceptibility among isolates of the mycobacterium abscessus group and the potential clinical applicability of a pcr-based analysis of erm(41).to define the genetic basis of clarithromycin resistance among isolates of the mycobacterium abscessus group (mag).201729272470
pleurisy caused by mycobacterium abscessus in a young patient with dermatomyositis: a case report and brief review of the literature.m. abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacteria (rgm) and is the most common cause of pulmonary rgm infection. m. abscessus pleurisy is extremely rare. we herein report the case of a young patient with m. abscessus pleurisy without any lung lesions. a laboratory analysis of the pleural effusion revealed lymphocyte predominance and increased adenosine deaminase, similar to the findings observed in tuberculous pleurisy. the patient was initially treated for tuberculous pleurisy, which resulted in t ...201729269658
aspergillus fumigatus pre-exposure worsens pathology and improves control of mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary infection in mice.cystic fibrosis (cf) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the cf transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene. mutations in this chloride channel lead to mucus accumulation, subsequent recurrent pulmonary infections and inflammation, which in turn cause chronic lung disease and respiratory failure. recently, rates of non-tuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) infections in cf patients have been increasing. of particular relevance is infection with mycobacterium abscessus, which c ...201729263106
implication of species change of nontuberculous mycobacteria during or after treatment.co-existence or subsequent isolation of multiple nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) species in same patient has been reported. however, clinical significance of these observations is unclear. the aim of this study was to determine clinical implications of changes of ntm species during or after treatment in patients with ntm lung disease.201729262802
mycobacterium abscessus osteomyelitis of the calcaneus presenting as tumor-mimicking lesions: a case report.we present the case of a 51-year-old immunocompetent man with refractory heel pain who initially had been treated for plantar fasciitis. however, the pain was proven to be caused by a mycobacterium abscessus infection of the calcaneus. the process of diagnosis and treatment is described.201729252886
acute postcataract endophthalmitis at a referral center in northern taiwan: causative organisms, clinical features, and visual acuity outcomes after treatment: a retrospective cohort study.acute-onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery is a rare but serious complication. in this study, we identified the clinical profile of acute-onset endophthalmitis after cataract surgery using a retrospective review between january 1, 2009 and december 31, 2015 at a referral center in northern taiwan. twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with endophthalmitis were included; 60% were male. the mean age at diagnosis was 70.44 ± 1.66 years. the right eye was affected in 44% of patients. the mean time ...201729245262
cyclophostin and cyclipostins analogs, new promising molecules to treat mycobacterial-related diseases.the progression of mycobacterial diseases requires the development of new therapeutics. here, we evaluated the efficacy and selectivity of a panel of cyclophostin and cyclipostins analogs (cycs) against various bacteria and mycobacteria. the activity of these 26 cycs was first assayed using the agar plate method. compounds exhibiting a 50-100% growth inhibition rate were then selected to determine their mic using the rema assay. the best drug candidate was further tested against mycobacterial cl ...201729241819
in vitro activity of tedizolid against the mycobacterium abscessus complex.infections due to mycobacterium abscessus carry a poor prognosis since this rapidly growing mycobacterium is intrinsically resistant to most antibiotics. here, we evaluate the in vitro activity of the new oxazolidinone tedizolid against a collection of 44m. abscessus clinical isolates. the mic50s and mic90s of tedizolid (2 and 8μg/ml, respectively) were 2- to 16-fold lower than those of linezolid. there was no difference between the 3m. abscessus subspecies. time-kill assays did not show any bac ...201729217419
activity of rifabutin and hemi-synthetic derivatives against mycobacterium abscessus.mycobacterium abscessus causes a wide range of clinical diseases that are difficult to treat. this microorganism is resistant not only to the classical antituberculosis agents but also to most of the antimicrobials that are currently available, resulting in limited therapeutic options and treatment failure. this scenario stresses the need to search for new drugs with activity against m. abscessus.201729205119
curcumin, an antibiotic resistance breaker against a multiresistant clinical isolate of mycobacterium abscessus.curcumin, a phenolic compound extracted from curcuma longa, exerts multiple pharmacological effects, including an antimicrobial action. mycobacterium abscessus, an environmental, nontuberculous, rapidly growing mycobacterium, is an emerging human pathogen causing serious lung infections and one of the most difficult to treat, due to its multidrug resistance and biofilm-forming ability. we wanted to evaluate the antimicrobial and antivirulence activity of curcumin and its ability to synergize wit ...201729193368
risk factors for the development of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (ntm-ld) is increasingly recognized as an important predisposing condition for the development of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (cpa), but there are limited data on the risk factors for cpa development in ntm-ld patients. we reviewed the medical records of 566 patients who, at the time of diagnosis of ntm-ld, did not have cpa and who received ≥12 months of treatment for ntm-ld between january 2010 and june 2015. of these patients, 41 (7.2%) developed c ...201729190796
reporter-based assays for high-throughput drug screening against mycobacterium abscessus.mycobacterium abscessus is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium that causes pulmonary and non-pulmonary infections. m. abscessus is resistant to many chemotherapeutic agents and the current treatment options show poor clinical outcomes. thus, there is a dire need to find new antimicrobials effective at killing m. abscessus. screening drug libraries to identify potential antimicrobials has been impeded by the lack of validated hts assays for m. abscessus. in this study, we developed two 384-well high- ...201729176967
antibiotic resistance in mycobacterium abscessus and mycobacterium fortuitum isolates from malaysian patients.rapidly growing mycobacterial species (rgm) are increasingly being recognized as the cause of various superficial and deep infections in humans. two of the species most frequently isolated from clinical specimens are mycobacterium abscessus and mycobacterium fortuitum. both species are associated with antibiotic resistances that may complicate therapy. this paper describes the pattern of resistance to five antibiotics commonly prescribed for rgm infections, in m. abscessus and m. fortuitum isola ...201729171453
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 contributes to limiting growth of mycobacterium abscessus in the lung of mice by regulating cytokines and nitric oxide production.mycobacterium abscessus is a prominent cause of pulmonary infection in immunosuppressed patients and those with cystic fibrosis. nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod) 2 is a cytosolic receptor which senses a bacterial peptidoglycan component, muramyl dipeptide (mdp). although nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (nod2) contributes to protect host against various microbial infections, it is still unclear whether nod2 is essential to regulate host immune responses against m. absce ...201729163541
lipoprotein glycosylation by protein-o-mannosyltransferase (mab_1122c) contributes to low cell envelope permeability and antibiotic resistance of mycobacterium abscessus.lipoproteins are important components of the mycobacterial cell envelope due to their function in cell wall homeostasis and bacterial virulence. they are post-translationally modified with lipid- and glycosyl-residues in various species and interference with acylation or glycosylation leads to reduced growth and attenuated virulence in mycobacterium tuberculosis. lipoproteins are also expressed in the emerging and highly drug resistant pathogen mycobacterium abscessus which frequently affects th ...201729163413
risk of cardiac pacemaker pocket infection in a tertiary care hospital.the risk of pacemaker pocket infections (ppis) is rare with good antisepsis techniques and use of advanced antibiotics. however, injudicious antibiotic usage leads to the rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which may cause ppi. few reports exist about the microbial spectrum of the ppi from our country, prompting us to study the same.201728631632
diagnosis of biofilm infections in cystic fibrosis patients.chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients is the best described biofilm infection in medicine. the initial focus can be the paranasal sinuses and then follows repeated colonization and infection of the lungs by aspiration. the matrix of the biofilms is dominated by alginate and the pathogenesis of tissue damage is immune complex-mediated chronic inflammation dominated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and their products (dna, oxygen radicals and proteases). ...201728407432
lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis patients with difficult to treat lung infections.in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients with end-stage pulmonary disease, lung transplantation (ltx) remains a life-extending therapy with good outcome in most patients. despite early concern about chronic pretransplantation infections in the context of posttransplantation immunosuppression, typical cf-associated organisms such as pseudomonas aeruginosa turned out to be quite well manageable and associated with favorable outcomes in transplanted cf patients, even in patients with highly resistant strai ...201728858970
the evolution of lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis: a 2017 update.lung transplantation (ltx) is an established therapy for patients with end-stage cystic fibrosis (cf). indeed, cf is the commonest indication for those aged<50years of age needing ltx. cf ltx is associated with a 45% 10year survival - according to the world's largest registry. it is important all otherwise suitable cf patients with severe lung disease have a timely referral for discussion and consideration of the possibility of ltx. ltx discussions must carefully consider colonisation or infecti ...201728711221
screening of tb actives for activity against nontuberculous mycobacteria delivers high hit rates.the prevalence of lung disease due to infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) has been increasing and surpassed tuberculosis (tb) in some countries. treatment outcomes are often unsatisfactory, highlighting an urgent need for new anti-ntm medications. although ntm in general do not respond well to tb specific drugs, the similarities between ntm and mycobacterium tuberculosis at the molecular and cell structural level suggest that compound libraries active against tb could be leveraged ...201728861054
mycobacterium abscessus glycopeptidolipids inhibit macrophage apoptosis and bacterial spreading by targeting mitochondrial cyclophilin d.mycobacterium abscessus (mab) is a species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) and a major causative pathogen of pulmonary diseases especially in patients with cystic fibrosis. mab infection is notoriously difficult to treat because of its intrinsic or inducible resistance to most antibiotics. the rough (r) morphotype of mab, lacking cell surface glycopeptidolipids (gpls), is associated with more severe and persistent infection than the smooth (s) type; however, the mechanisms underlying the r ...201728837151
reinstating mycobacterium massiliense and mycobacterium bolletii as species of the mycobacterium abscessus complex.themycobacterium abscessus complex is a group of rapidly growing, multiresistant mycobacteria previously divided into three species. proposal for the union of mycobacterium bolletii and mycobacterium massiliense into one subspecies, so-called m. abscessus subsp. massiliense, created much confusion about the routine identification and reporting of m. abscessus clinical isolates for clinicians. results derived from multigene sequencing unambiguously supported the reinstatement of m. massiliense an ...201728820087
mycobacterium talmoniae sp. nov., a slowly growing mycobacterium isolated from human respiratory samples.a novel slowly growing, non-chromogenic species of the class actinobacteria was isolated from a human respiratory sample in nebraska, usa, in 2012. analysis of the internal transcribed spacer sequence supported placement into the genus mycobacterium with high sequence similarity to a previously undescribed strain isolated from a patient respiratory sample from oregon, usa, held in a collection in colorado, usa, in 2000. the two isolates were subjected to phenotypic testing and whole genome seque ...201728809146
bedaquiline inhibits the atp synthase in mycobacterium abscessus and is effective in infected zebrafish.pulmonary infections caused by mycobacterium abscessus are emerging as a global threat, especially in cystic fibrosis patients. further intensifying the concern of m. abscessus infection is the recent evidence of human-to-human transmission of the infection. m. abscessus is a naturally multidrug resistant, fast-growing pathogen for which pharmacological options are limited. repurposing antitubercular drugs represents an attractive option for the development of chemotherapeutic alternatives again ...201728807917
systematic review and meta-analyses of the effect of chemotherapy on pulmonary mycobacterium abscessus outcomes and disease recurrence.background. in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics models of pulmonary mycobacterium abscessus complex, the recommended macrolide-containing combination therapy has poor kill rates. however, clinical outcomes are unknown.methods we searched the literature for studies published between 1990-2017 that reported microbial outcomes in patients treated for pulmonary m. abscessus disease. good outcome was defined as sustained sputum culture conversion (sscc) without relapse. random effects models were use ...201728807911
peritoneal dialysis-associated catheter infection caused by mycobacterium abscessus in an elderly patient who was successfully treated with catheter removal.an 89-year-old japanese man on peritoneal dialysis (pd) was suspected of having a pd-associated catheter infection. he visited the hospital because of the discharge of pus from the exit site of his catheter. gram staining of the pus showed gram-positive bacilli, but these were acid-fast bacilli. the rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria, mycobacterium abscessus, was isolated. pd catheter removal and debridement were immediately performed. the patient received combination antibiotic therapy ...201728795380
the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of inhaled amikacin for the treatment of difficult-to-treat non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung diseases.in multidrug regimens, including an intravenous aminoglycoside (e.g. amikacin [amk]) is recommended for difficult-to-treat non-tuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) lung diseases. we aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of inhaled amk therapy in patients with difficult-to-treat ntm lung diseases in a retrospective chart review.201728793869
trehalose polyphleates, external cell wall lipids in mycobacterium abscessus, are associated with the formation of clumps with cording morphology, which have been associated with virulence.mycobacterium abscessus is a reemerging pathogen that causes pulmonary diseases similar to tuberculosis, which is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. when grown in agar medium, m. abscessus strains generate rough (r) or smooth colonies (s). r morphotypes are more virulent than s morphotypes. in searching for the virulence factors responsible for this difference, r morphotypes have been found to form large aggregates (clumps) that, after being phagocytozed, result in macrophage death. furthermo ...201728790995
rapidly growing mycobacterium infections after cosmetic surgery in medical tourists: the bronx experience and a review of the literature.medical tourism is increasingly popular for elective cosmetic surgical procedures. however, medical tourism has been accompanied by reports of post-surgical infections due to rapidly growing mycobacteria (rgm). the authors' experience working with patients with rgm infections who have returned to the usa after traveling abroad for cosmetic surgical procedures is described here.201728780185
mycobacterium abscessus l,d-transpeptidases are susceptible to inactivation by carbapenems and cephalosporins but not penicillins.as a growing number of clinical isolates of mycobacterium abscessus are resistant to most antibiotics, new treatment options that are effective against these drug-resistant strains are desperately needed. the majority of the linkages in the cell wall peptidoglycan of m. abscessus are synthesized by non-classical transpeptidases, namely the l,d-transpeptidases. emerging evidence suggests that these enzymes represent a new molecular vulnerability in this pathogen. recent studies have demonstrated ...201728760902
mycobacterium abscessus displays fitness for fomite transmission.mycobacterium abscessus (mab) is a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium (ntm) increasingly reported in soft tissue infections and chronic lung diseases, including cystic fibrosis. the environmental source of mab has not been definitively identified, but ntm have been detected in soil and water. to determine the potential of soil-derived mab as an infectious source we explored the association, growth, and survival of mab with defined mineral particulates, including kaolin, halloysite, and ...201728754702
effect of amikacin on cell wall glycopeptidolipid synthesis in mycobacterium abscessus.cultivation of the smooth colony mycobacterium abscessus at the sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of amikacin changed its growth pattern including its colony morphology (smooth to rough) and cell arrangement (dispersed to cord formation). in addition, reduced sliding motility and biofilm formation were observed. the amount of glycogpetidolipid (gpl) and mrna expression of key genes involved in gpl synthesis were decreased in the amikacin-treated m. abscessus strain. an in vitro infectio ...201728752292
successful treatment of acute respiratory failure in a patient with pulmonary mycobacterium abscessus infection accompanied by organizing pneumonia.organizing pneumonia (op) is an inflammatory lung disease characterized pathologically by the presence of buds of granulation tissue in the distal air spaces. there are numerous causes of op including acute respiratory infections such as viral and bacterial infections. however, mycobacterium abscessus (m. abscessus) has rarely been reported as a causative pathogen of op. here, we report a 67-year-old woman with rapidly progressive pulmonary m. abscessus infection who developed op and acute respi ...201728740697
clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with acquired macrolide-resistant mycobacterium abscessus lung disease.macrolide antibiotics are mainstays in the treatment of lung disease due to the mycobacterium abscessus complex. although previous studies have reported development of acquired macrolide resistance in this species, limited data are available on the outcomes of lung disease due to macrolide-resistant m. abscessus subspecies abscessus (hereafter m. abscessus). this study evaluated the clinical features, treatment outcomes, and molecular characteristics of macrolide-resistant isolates of m. abscess ...201728739795
biofilm colonization of mycobacterium abscessus: new threat in hospital-acquired surgical site infection.rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are hazardous cause of post-operative soft tissue infection leading to nosocomial outbreaks following various surgical procedures, especially laparoscopic surgeries using heat sensitive, non-autoclavable surgical instruments.201728709485
chemical modification and detoxification of the pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline n-oxide by environmental and pathogenic bacteria.2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline n-oxide (hqno), a major secondary metabolite and virulence factor produced by the opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa, acts as a potent inhibitor of respiratory electron transfer and thereby affects host cells as well as microorganisms. in this study, we demonstrate the previously unknown capability of environmental and pathogenic bacteria to transform and detoxify this compound. strains of arthrobacter and rhodococcus spp. as well as staphylococcus aureus i ...201728708374
mycobacterium abscessus in patients with cystic fibrosis: low impact of inter-human transmission in italy. 201728705942
activity of lcb01-0371, a novel oxazolidinone, against mycobacterium abscessus.mycobacterium abscessus is a highly pathogenic drug-resistant rapidly growing mycobacterium. in this study, we evaluated the in vitro, intracellular, and in vivo activities of lcb01-0371, a novel and safe oxazolidinone derivative, for the treatment of m. abscessus infection and compared its resistance to that of other oxazolidinone drugs. lcb01-0371 was effective against several m. abscessus strains in vitro and in a macrophage model of infection. in the murine model, a similar efficacy to linez ...201728674049
development of a one-step multiplex pcr assay for differential detection of major mycobacterium species.the prevalence of tuberculosis continues to be high, and nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) infection has also emerged worldwide. moreover, differential and accurate identification of mycobacteria to the species or subspecies level is an unmet clinical need. here, we developed a one-step multiplex pcr assay using whole-genome analysis and bioinformatics to identify novel molecular targets. the aims of this assay were to (i) discriminate between the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) and n ...201728659320
once-daily dosing of amikacin for treatment of mycobacterium abscessus lung disease.tertiary referral centre, samsung medical center, south korea.201728633708
a rare case of mycobacterium abscessus subspecies abscessus prosthetic valve endocarditis and the clinical importance of inducible erm(41) gene testing.a 56-year-old man with a history of injection drug use and two prior episodes of native valve infective endocarditis presented with dyspnoea on exertion. our preliminary work-up revealed bacteraemia with reported growth of 'mycobacterium abscessus group' on multiple blood cultures. the patient was later found to have eustachian valve and prosthetic pulmonic valve endocarditis. initially, he responded to standard antimycobacterial therapy for rapidly growing mycobacteria (rgm) with supporting lab ...201728611136
phylogenetic analysis of mycobacterium massiliense strains having recombinant rpob gene laterally transferred from mycobacterium abscessus.recent multi locus sequence typing (mlst) and genome based studies indicate that lateral gene transfer (lgt) events in the rpob gene are prevalent between mycobacterium abscessus complex strains. to check the prevalence of the m. massiliense strains subject to rpob lgt (rec-mas), we applied rpob typing (711 bp) to 106 korean strains of m. massiliense infection that had already been identified by hsp65 sequence analysis (603 bp). the analysis indicated 6 smooth strains in m. massiliense type i (1 ...201728604829
targeting mycolic acid transport by indole-2-carboxamides for the treatment of mycobacterium abscessus infections.mycobacterium abscessus is a fast-growing, multidrug-resistant organism that has emerged as a clinically significant pathogen in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. the intrinsic resistance of m. abscessus to most commonly available antibiotics seriously restricts chemotherapeutic options. herein, we report the potent activity of a series of indolecarboxamides against m. abscessus. the lead compounds, 6 and 12, exhibited strong activity in vitro against a wide panel of m. abscessus isolates and in in ...201728574259
prosthetic knee joint infection due to mycobacterium abscessus.infected total knee arthroplasty (tka) due to mycobacterium abscessus is very rare with only three such cases described in literature. only one case was managed successfully, however, with a prolonged course of anti tubercular therapy. in this case report, we present an elderly lady with infected tka after 2 years of the primary procedure. although initially it grew different bacteriae, m. abscessus was isolated during the second debridement. she was successfully treated with total of 5 months o ...201728566789
molecular typing of mycobacterium abscessus isolated from cystic fibrosis patients.the possibility of inter-human transmission of mycobacterium abscessus in cystic fibrosis centres has been recently hypothesized suggesting the need for the molecular characterization of strains isolated from such patients.201728559514
rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection of prosthetic knee joints: a report of two cases.non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) cause prosthetic knee joint infections in rare cases. infections with rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria (rgntm) are difficult to treat due to their aggressive clinical behavior and resistance to antibiotics. infections of a prosthetic knee joint by rgntm have rarely been reported. a standard of treatment has not yet been established because of the rarity of the condition. in previous reports, diagnoses of rgntm infections in prosthetic knee joints to ...201728551202
design, synthesis and evaluation of indole-2-carboxamides with pan anti-mycobacterial activity.current treatment regimens for non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) and tuberculosis (tb) generally require long duration of therapy with multiple drugs, some of which are broad spectrum antibiotics. despite some advances in antimicrobial compounds, there remains a need in therapy for antibiotics with specific mycobacterial targets. it has been shown that mmpl3 is an essential transporter required for the translocation of mycolic acids to the mycobacterial cell envelope. here, we synthesized a ser ...201728545813
disseminated mycobacterium abscessus infection in a peritoneal dialysis patient.a disseminated peritoneal dialysis-related mycobacterium abscessus infection is very rare. m. abscessus belongs to the rapidly growing mycobacteria and can be misidentified as a diphtheroid bacterium, which in our case delayed diagnosis and optimal treatment. due to intrinsic resistance to most antimicrobials, therapeutic options in m. abscessus infections are limited. infection often leads to catheter loss. a fatal outcome, like in our case, is not exceptional.201728529886
endophthalmitis caused by mycobacterium abscessus.to describe the clinical and laboratory features of a case of endophthalmitis caused by mycobacterium abscessus in a patient immunocompetent.201728252757
non-tuberculous mycobacteria in south african wildlife: neglected pathogens and potential impediments for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis.non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are not only emerging and opportunistic pathogens of both humans and animals, but from a veterinary point of view some species induce cross-reactive immune responses that hamper the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in both livestock and wildlife. little information is available about ntm species circulating in wildlife species of south africa. in this study, we determined the diversity of ntm isolated from wildlife species from south africa as well as bot ...201728194371
mycobacterium abscessus complex infections in children: a review.infections in children with mycobacterium abscessus complex represent a particular challenge for clinicians. increasing incidence of these infections worldwide has necessitated focused attention to improve both diagnostic as well as treatment modalities. published medical literature was reviewed, with emphasis on material published in the past 5 years.201728983867
non-tuberculous mycobacterium bacteraemia in a pregnant systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) patient: a case review and pooled case analysis.non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are recognized as an important cause of human diseases and infections. it is commonly known to cause infections of the skin, soft tissue infections, and pulmonary infection as well as bacteraemia. we report a challenging case of severe mycobacterium abscessus bacteraemia in a pregnant lady with active systemic lupus erythematous (sle). a comprehensive literature review of ntm infection among sle patients was also performed, and pooled analysis of the reported c ...201728971307
effect of β-lactamase production and β-lactam instability on mic testing results for mycobacterium abscessus.limited treatment options available for mycobacterium abscessus infections include the parenteral β-lactam antibiotics cefoxitin and imipenem, which show moderate in vitro activity. other β-lactam antibiotics (except meropenem) have no considerable in vitro activity, due to their rapid hydrolysis by a broad-spectrum β-lactamase (bla_mab). we here addressed the impact of β-lactamase production and β-lactam in vitro stability on m. abscessus mic results and determined the epidemiological cut-off ( ...201728961987
relationship between antibiotic susceptibility and genotype in mycobacterium abscessus clinical isolates.this study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance related genotypes of mycobacterium abscessus. one hundred sixty-two clinical isolates were collected. genomic data were obtained by whole genome sequencing. single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) analysis was conducted using the ncbi genbank database and blast algorithm. the following genes were of interest: erm(41), rrl and rrs. erm(41) was further divided into 3 sequevars: erm(41)c28, erm(41)t28, and m type [erm(41) with ...201728959242
mycobacterium abscessus lymphadenitis in bone marrow transplant patient.non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are acid-fast bacteria categorized into rapidly growing and slow growing mycobacteria. ntm are more common in transplant patients who are immunocompromised. here we report the case of a post- bone marrow transplant adolescent male presenting with submandibular swelling and fever. the gland was excised and the histopathology showed chronic granulomatous inflammation. culture grew mycobacterium abscessus which was sensitive to amikacin, linezolid and clarithromyc ...201728955087
anti-interferon-γ autoantibody-associated disseminated mycobacterium abscessus infection mimicking parotid cancer with multiple metastases: a case report.among the nontuberculous mycobacteria, mycobacterium abscessus is a common cause of skin, soft tissue, and bone infections. however, disseminated m. abscessus infection that mimics cancer metastasis with an underlying relatively immunocompetent condition has rarely been reported.201728953638
effectiveness of an ultraviolet-c disinfection system for reduction of healthcare-associated pathogens.healthcare-associated infections caused by multidrug-resistant (mdr) pathogens are significantly associated with increased mortality and morbidity. environmental cleaning can reduce transmission of these pathogens but is often inadequate. adjunctive methods are warranted to enhance the effectiveness of disinfection particularly in hospital settings where healthcare-associated infections are of major concern.201728951015
mycobacterium abscessus glossitis. 201728948933
osteomyelitis due to multiple rare infections in a patient with idiopathic cd4 lymphocytopenia.a 26-year-old male patient presented with features suggestive of osteomyelitis involving the entire left femur, hip joint and knee joint. culture from the debrided tissue grew acinetobacter spp. and he was treated with sensitivity based antibiotics but the symptoms did not resolve. the synovial biopsy showed multinucleated giant cells and acid fast bacilli on ziehl neelsen stain. cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (genexpert) was negative. the mycobacteria growth indicator tube cult ...201728944144
mandibular osteomyelitis and cervical lymphadenitis due to mycobacterium abscessus: surgical management of a pediatric cohort with a shared epidemiologic exposure.mycobacterium abscessus has been implicated as the cause of various infections in the setting of healthcare-related "outbreaks." mandibular osteomyelitis caused by m abscessus is exceedingly rare, with only 1 patient reported in the literature. the authors describe the surgical management of 12 pediatric patients with m abscessus-related mandibular osteomyelitis and cervical lymphadenitis caused by exposure to contaminated water at a regional dental clinic.201728938329
multi-drug resistant surgical site infection due to mycobacterium abscessus complex.m. abscessus complex is notoriously resistant to most antimicrobial agents. the complex is differentiated into 3 subspecies: m. abscessus subsp. abscessus, m. abscessus subsp. massiliense, and m. abscessus subsp. bolletii. skin and soft tissue infections due to this organism can be acquired by direct contact with contaminated material through traumatic injury, surgical wound and environmental exposure or by secondary involvement of skin/soft tissue during disseminated disease. we report a case o ...201728934511
galk-based suicide vector mediated allelic exchange in mycobacterium abscessus.mycobacterium abscessus is a fast-growing environmental organism and an important emerging pathogen. it is highly resistant to many antibiotics and undergoes a smooth to rough colony morphology change that appears to be important for pathogenesis. smooth environmental strains have a glycopeptidolipid (gpl) on the surface, while certain types of clinical strains are often rough and lack this gpl, due to mutations in biosynthetic genes or the mmpl4b transporter gene. we report here the development ...201728933689
detection of bacterial pathogens from broncho-alveolar lavage by next-generation sequencing.the applications of whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing (wmgs) in routine clinical analysis are still limited. a combination of a dna extraction procedure, sequencing, and bioinformatics tools is essential for the removal of human dna and for improving bacterial species identification in a timely manner. we tackled these issues with a broncho-alveolar lavage (bal) sample from an immunocompromised patient who had developed severe chronic pneumonia. we extracted dna from the bal sample with protoc ...201728930150
vancomycin and clarithromycin show synergy against mycobacterium abscessus in vitro.lung disease caused by mycobacterium abscessus is increasing, and current clarithromycin-based treatment regimens are only moderately effective. here, we determined the effect of clarithromycin-vancomycin combination against m. abscessus complex isolates in vitro synergy was found with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (fici) score of ≤0.5 and a 4- to 10-fold decrease in mic.201728923867
respiratory infections due to nontuberculous mycobacterias.the most common infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are lung infections. the microorganisms causing these infections most frequently are mycobacterium avium complex, mycobacterium kansasii and mycobacterium abscessus complex. their incidence has increased in the last three decades. after identifying an ntm in the respiratory tract, clinical and radiological aspects must be considered to determine if isolations are clinically relevant. predisposing conditions that could contrib ...201728923675
controlling extra- and intramacrophagic mycobacterium abscessus by targeting mycolic acid transport.mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacterium (rgm) causing serious infections especially among cystic fibrosis patients. extremely limited therapeutic options against m. abscessus and a rise in infections with this mycobacterium require novel chemotherapies and a better understanding of how the bacterium causes infection. different from most rgm, m. abscessus can survive inside macrophages and persist for long durations in infected tissues. we recently delineated differences in the ...201728920054
increased survival and proliferation of the epidemic strain mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense crm0019 in alveolar epithelial cells.outbreaks of infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria have been reported worldwide generally associated with medical procedures. mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense crm0019 was obtained during an epidemic of postsurgical infections and was characterized by increased persistence in vivo. to better understand the successful survival strategies of this microorganism, we evaluated its infectivity and proliferation in macrophages (raw and bmdm) and alveolar epithelial cells (a549). fo ...201728903728
pediatric dental clinic-associated outbreak of mycobacterium abscessus infection.mycobacterium abscessus is an uncommon cause of invasive odontogenic infection.201728903524
compassionate nitric oxide adjuvant treatment of persistent mycobacterium infection in cystic fibrosis patients.mycobacterium abscessus is one of the most antibiotic-resistant pathogens in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. nitric oxide (no) has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. clinical studies indicated that it is safe and tolerable when given as 160 ppm intermittent inhalations.201728885458
genomic epidemiology of a national outbreak of post-surgical mycobacterium abscessus wound infections in brazil.an epidemic of post-surgical wound infections, caused by a non-tuberculous mycobacterium, has been on-going in brazil. it has been unclear whether one or multiple lineages are responsible and whether their wide geographical distribution across brazil is due to spread from a single point source or is the result of human-mediated transmission. 188 isolates, collected from nine brazilian states, were whole genome sequenced and analysed using phylogenetic and comparative genomic approaches. the isol ...201728884021
nontuberculous mycobacteria in cystic fibrosis: updates and the path forward.nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are troublesome pathogens that can cause significant pulmonary disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). diagnosis can be difficult in the setting of underlying cf and treatment regimens are burdensome on both patients and providers. recent consensus guidelines for treatment of ntm in cf have provided a guide for the cf community, however research is lagging regarding accuracy of our diagnostic abilities and treatment efficacy. in this review, we provide ne ...201728881094
antagonism between front-line antibiotics clarithromycin and amikacin in the treatment of mycobacterium abscessus infections is mediated by the whib7 gene.combinations of antibiotics, each individually effective against mycobacterium abscessus, are routinely coadministered based on the concept that this minimizes the spread of antibiotic resistance. however, our in vitro data contradict this assumption and instead document antagonistic interactions between two antibiotics (clarithromycin and amikacin) used to treat m. abscessus infections. clinically relevant concentrations of clarithromycin induced increased resistance to both amikacin and itself ...201728874379
mycobacterium abscessus whib7 regulates a species-specific repertoire of genes to confer extreme antibiotic resistance.mycobacterium abscessus causes acute and chronic bronchopulmonary infection in patients with chronic lung damage, of which cystic fibrosis (cf) patients are particularly vulnerable. the major threat posed by this organism is its high intrinsic antibiotic resistance. a typical treatment regimen involves a 6- to 12-month-long combination therapy of clarithromycin and amikacin, with cure rates below 50% and multiple side effects, especially due to amikacin. in the present work, we show that m. absc ...201728874378
predominance of clarithromycin-susceptible mycobacterium massiliense subspecies: characterization of the mycobacterium abscessus complex at a tertiary acute care hospital.to characterize members of the mycobacterium abscessus complex, with an emphasis on the correlation between species identification and clarithromycin associated genetic polymorphisms that contribute to inducible and constitutive macrolide resistance. pcr and sequencing analysis was used to elucidate the subspecies, erm(41) genotypes and the presence of rrl mutations. m. abscessus subsp. massiliense was the dominant subspecies (70.2 %), followed by m. abscessus subsp. abscessus (23.8 %) and m. ab ...201728874233
a temperature sensitive mycobacterium paragordonae induces enhanced protective immune responses against mycobacterial infections in the mouse model.recently, we introduced a temperature sensitive mycobacterium spp., mycobacterium paragordonae (mpg). here, we checked its potential as a candidate for live vaccination against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium abscessus. intravenous infections of mice with mpg led to lower colony forming units (cfus) compared to infection with bcg, suggesting its usefulness as a live vaccine. the analyses of immune responses indicated that the highly protective immunity elicited by mpg was dependent ...201729123166
antibiofilm activity of nanoemulsions of cymbopogon flexuosus against rapidly growing mycobacteria.rapidly growing mycobacteria (rgm) are opportunistic microorganisms that can cause both local and disseminated infections. when in biofilm, these pathogens become highly resistant to antimicrobials used in clinical practice. composed abundantly of polymeric substances, biofilms delay the diffusion of antimicrobials, preventing the drug from penetrating the deeper layers and having an effective action. therefore, the search for new and alternative therapeutic options has become of fundamental imp ...201729122674
genomic comparisons reveal microevolutionary differences in mycobacterium abscessus subspecies.mycobacterium abscessus, a rapid-growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium, has been the cause of sporadic and outbreak infections world-wide. the subspecies in m. abscessus complex (m. abscessus, m. massiliense, and m. bolletii) are associated with different biologic and pathogenic characteristics and are known to be among the most frequently isolated opportunistic pathogens from clinical material. to date, the evolutionary forces that could have contributed to these biological and clinical differe ...201729109707
antimicrobial resistance in mycobacterium abscessus complex isolated from patients with skin and soft tissue infections at a tertiary teaching hospital in taiwan.mycobacterium abscessus complex (mabc) is the most common non-tuberculous mycobacterium that causes complicated skin and soft tissue infections (csstis). the selection of antimycobacterial agents for successful treatment of such infections is a critical issue.201729091186
lack of association between rrl and erm(41) mutations and clarithromycin resistance in mycobacterium abscessus complex.mycobacterium abscessus complex (mabc) includes species with high resistance rates among mycobacterial pathogens. in fact, mabc infections may not respond to clarithromycin treatment, which has historically been very effective against mabc infection. molecular markers have been proposed to detect both acquired (rrl polymorphisms) and inducible (erm(41) polymorphisms) clarithromycin resistance in mabc isolates.201729091138
rapid detection of mutations in erm(41) and rrl associated with clarithromycin resistance in mycobacterium abscessus complex by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.clarithromycin resistance is increasing dramatically among mycobacterium abscessus complex. the main resistance mechanisms are mutations in the erm(41) and rrl genes. here we report pcr-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) as an alternative method for rapidly detection of mutations in erm(41) and rrl among m. abscessus isolates. four primer sets targeting the full-length erm(41) gene and a 354bp fragment of the rrl gene were designed. a combination of 16 different dgge patterns w ...201729079298
causative species of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease and comparative investigation on clinical features of mycobacterium abscessus complex disease: a retrospective analysis for two major hospitals in a subtropical region of japan.nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) lung disease is increasing globally. although the etiological epidemiology of ntm is different across regions, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the leading cause of ntm lung disease in most countries, including mainland japan. okinawa is located in the southernmost region of japan and is the only prefecture categorized as a subtropical region in japan, it is therefore likely the etiological epidemiology of ntm lung disease is different from mainland japan. f ...201729059250
clinical mycobacterium abscessus strain inhibits autophagy flux and promotes its growth in murine macrophages.autophagy is known to be a vital homeostatic defense process that controls mycobacterial infection. however, the relationship between autophagy response and the virulence of mycobacterium abscessus strain uc22 has not been reported. here, we demonstrate that m. abscessus induces autophagy and inhibits autophagy flux in murine macrophages. further, the rough variant of m. abscessus, uc22 that is a highly virulent clinical isolate, significantly inhibited autophagic flux than the smooth variant of ...201729044406
biochemical characterization of β-lactamases from mycobacterium abscessus complex and genetic environment of the β-lactamase-encoding gene.the objectives of this study were to determine the kinetic parameters of purified recombinant blamab and blammas by spectrophotometry, analyze the genetic environment of the blamab and blammas genes in both species by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, furthermore, in silico models of both enzymes in complex with imipenem were obtained by modeling tools. our results showed that blamab and blammas have a similar hydrolysis behavior, displaying high catalytic efficiencies toward penams, cep ...201727429159
mycobacterium abscessus esx-3 plays an important role in host inflammatory and pathological responses during infection.mycobacterial esx systems are often related to pathogenesis during infection. however, little is known about the function of esx systems of mycobacterium abscessus (mab). this study focuses on the mab esx-3 cluster, which contains major genes such as esxh (rv0288, low molecular weight protein antigen 7; cfp-7) and esxg (rv0287, esat-6 like protein). an esx-3 (mab 2224c-2234c)-deletional mutant of mab (δesx) was constructed and used to infect murine and human macrophages. we then investigated whe ...201727637463
mycobacterium abscessus infection after facial injection with autologous fat: a case report.we report a case of mycobacterium abscessus infection in a 29-year-old woman after facial injection with autologous fat. nineteen months previously, she received a facial surgery of autologous fat injection with the fat harvested from her inner thigh. on examination, she had multiple painful and fluctuant abscesses associated with local pyrexia in her bilateral temporal and lower orbital regions. a b ultrasound revealed multiple fat liquefaction in her bilateral temporal and lower orbital region ...201727220017
allele-specific duplex polymerase chain reaction to differentiate mycobacterium abscessus subspecies and to detect highly clarithromycin-resistant isolates.on the basis of the structural differences of erm, we used a duplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to differentiate mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus and subsp. massiliense isolates and to detect the point mutations of 23s rrna gene that confer a high level of resistance to clarithromycin. subsp. massiliense strains occupying almost half of the clinical isolates can be simply identified, and their clarithromycin susceptibility can be rapidly determined.201727514964
mycobacterium abscessus lung infection: a case report. 201727403004
mycobacterium abscessus skin infection after tattooing--case report.mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that has been affecting people undergoing invasive procedures, such as videosurgery and mesotherapy. this bacterium has global distribution, being found in numerous niches. the frequency of published reports of infection by rapidly growing mycobacteria associated with tattooing procedures has increased in recent years. however, in brazil there were no case reports of m. abscessus after tattooing in the literature until now. in this paper ...201726560222
mycobacterium abscessus: causing fatal endocarditis after cardiac catheterization.mycobacterium abscessus is an unusual cause of infection in immunocompetent patients. the intrinsic and acquired resistance of this organism to multiple antibiotics is a major issue in planning treatment regimens. we report a case of m. abscessus endocarditis of the native aortic valve in an immunocompetent patient following coronary angiography with a fatal outcome. the case highlights an unfortunate intervention-related nosocomial infection and the difficulties in chemotherapeutic options for ...201725766351
randomized trial of liposomal amikacin for inhalation in nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.lengthy, multidrug, toxic, and low-efficacy regimens limit management of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease.201727748623
selection of resistance to clarithromycin in mycobacterium abscessus subspecies.mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging pathogen against which clarithromycin is the main drug used. clinical failures are commonly observed and were first attributed to acquired mutations in rrl encoding 23s rrna but were then attributed to the intrinsic production of the erm(41) 23s rna methylase. since strains of m. abscessus were recently distributed into subspecies and erm(41) sequevars, we investigated acquired clarithromycin resistance mechanisms in mutants selected in vitro from four repr ...201727799212
a laboratory-based analysis of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in japan from 2012 to 2013.since 2010, mycobacterial examination results have been used widely to survey nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) lung disease.201727788025
non-tuberculous mycobacteria: classification, diagnostics, and therapy.non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are species other than those belonging to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and do not cause leprosy. ntm are generally free-living organisms that are ubiquitous in the environment. there have been more than 140 ntm species identified to-date. they can cause a wide range of infections, with pulmonary infections being the most frequent (65-90 %). there is growing evidence that the incidence of ntm lung diseases and associated hospitalizations are on the ris ...201727826888
multidrug-resistant mycobacterium abscessus threatens patients with cystic fibrosis. 201727956215
nontuberculous mycobacteria in children: a focus on bloodstream infections.nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are ubiquitous organisms with variable disease-causing potential. bloodstream infections caused by ntm in children are poorly described.201727918379
progression and treatment outcomes of lung disease caused by mycobacterium abscessus and mycobacterium massiliense.mycobacterium abscessus and mycobacterium massiliense are grouped as the mycobacterium abscessus complex. the aim of this study was to elucidate the differences between m. abscessus and m. massiliense lung diseases in terms of progression rate, treatment outcome, and the predictors thereof.201728011609
mycobacterial characteristics and treatment outcomes in mycobacterium abscessus lung disease.treatment outcomes of patients with mycobacterium abscessus subspecies abscessus lung disease are poor, and the microbial characteristics associated with treatment outcomes have not been studied systematically. the purpose of this study was to identify associations between microbial characteristics and treatment outcomes in patients with m. abscessus lung disease.201728011608
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