Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [study on human leukemia cell apoptosis inducing effect of fraction c of naja naja actra venom]. | to study the effect and mechanism of fraction c isolated from naja naja actra venom (fcnnav) in inducing apoptosis of human leukemia cells. | 2000 | 11789265 |
| mass spectrometry of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and associated proteins as models for complex transmembrane proteins. | studies were conducted to optimize matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi tof ms) in analyzing the composition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachr) from torpedo californica electric tissue in their membrane-bound, detergent-solubilized, and affinity-purified states. mass spectra obtained from nachr-rich membrane fractions gave reasonably good representations of protein compositions indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electr ... | 2002 | 11814288 |
| biochemical composition, lethality and pathophysiology of venom from two cobras-- naja naja and n. kaouthia. | the cobras naja naja and n. kaouthia are abundant in eastern and north-eastern india, accounting for maximum snakebite deaths. here we report on variation in the composition of naja kaouthia and n. naja venom from eastern india on corresponding differences in the severity of pathogenesis. these two venoms differ in chromatographic elution profile through sephadex g-50 and enzyme activity, protein and carbohydrate contents associated with each fraction. the presence of greater amounts of basic ph ... | 2002 | 11818235 |
| structure-function relationship of three neurotoxins from the venom of naja kaouthia: a comparison between the nmr-derived structure of nt2 with its homologues, nt1 and nt3. | three homologous short-chain neurotoxins, named nt1, nt2 and nt3, were purified from the venom of naja kaouthia. nt1 has an identical amino acid sequence to cobrotoxin from naja naja atra [biochemistry 32 (1993) 2131]. nt3 shares the same sequence with cobrotoxin b [j. biochem. (tokyo) 122 (1997) 1252], whereas nt2 is a novel 61-residue neurotoxin. tests of their physiological functions indicate that nt1 shows a greater inhibition of muscle contraction induced by electrical stimulation of the ne ... | 2002 | 11904231 |
| factor v activation and inactivation by venom proteases. | blood coagulation factor v is a single-chain glycoprotein with m(r) = 330,000 which plays an important role in the procoagulant and anticoagulant pathways. thrombin activates factor v into factor va, a two-chain molecule which is composed of a heavy (m(r) = 105,000) and a light chain (m(r) = 71,000/74,000). factor va accelerates factor xa-catalysed prothrombin activation more than 1,000-fold and under physiological conditions the cofactor activity of factor va in prothrombin activation is down-r ... | 2017 | 11910191 |
| separation and structure-function studies of taiwan cobra cardiotoxins. | six cardiotoxins (ctxs) and one cardiotoxin-like basic protein (clbp) from naja naja atra (taiwan cobra) venom were separated by a sp-sephadex c-25 column. ctxn and ctxi were well separated by eluting with ammonium acetate buffer, and the separation of clbp from ctxiv and ctxv mixtures was achieved using sodium phosphate buffer. these findings suggest a differential interaction of ctxs with the chromatographic matrix using different buffer systems. chemical modification studies on cationic resid ... | 2002 | 11934278 |
| variations in biochemical and pharmacological properties of indian cobra (naja naja naja) venom due to geographical distribution. | indian cobra (naja naja naja) venom obtained from three different geographical regions was studied in terms of electrophoretic pattern, biochemical and pharmacological activities. sds-page banding pattern revealed significant variation in the protein constituents of the three regional venoms. the eastern venom showed highest indirect hemolysis and hyaluronidase activity. in contrast, western and southern venoms were rich in proteolytic activity. all the three regional venoms were devoid of p-tos ... | 2002 | 11936852 |
| purification, n-terminal sequencing, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of atratoxin, a new short-chain alpha-neurotoxin from the venom of naja naja atra. | atratoxin, a new alpha-neurotoxin purified to homogeneity by a series of liquid chromatographies from the venom of naja naja atra (mainland chinese cobra), is a small single-polypeptide alkaline protein with a pi of about 9.5 and molecular weight of 6952 da estimated by mass spectrometry. although the sequencing of the n-terminal 15 residues (lechnqqttqqpegg) shows that this neurotoxic protein contains most of the residues, especially at the conserved positions, of the consensus sequence of shor ... | 2002 | 11976497 |
| coupling reaction and properties of poly(ethylene glycol)-linked phospholipases a2. | secretory phospholipases a2 (pla2) from naja naja naja (cobra snake) venom, from bothrops neuwiedii (crotalid snake) venom (two isoforms) and from bee venom were modified with tresylated monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (tmpeg). the kinetic and inflammatory properties of the adducts (peg-pla2) were measured. as found by gel permeation chromatography, 95-100% of p-1 pla2 from b. neuwiedii and pla2 from n. naja naja venom change their chromatographic mobility after tmpeg treatment. by contrast, o ... | 2002 | 12036042 |
| preliminary crystallographic analysis of phospholipase a(2) from naja naja kaouthia lesson venom. | an acidic phospholipase a(2) isolated from the venom of naja naja kaouthia lesson in guangxi exhibits anticoagulative and hemolytic activities. in this work, the enzyme was crystallized by the method of hanging drop vapor diffusion. two crystal forms were obtained and characterized by x-ray diffraction. one of them belonged to space group p 4 ( 3 ) 2 ( 1 )2 or p4(1)2(1)2 with unit cell parameters a b 8.797 nm, c 10.831 nm and there were three molecules per asymmetric unit the other belonged to s ... | 2001 | 12040404 |
| ngf-tf conjugate prevents degeneration of substantia nigra neurons in a mouse model of parkinson's disease. | nerve growth factor(ngf) was purified from naja naja atra snake venom and conjugated to transferrin(tf). this conjugate was intravenously injected into a mouse model of parkinson's disease (pd). both immunohistochemical staining and pathological detection showed that the ngf-tf conjugate could prevent the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons located in substantia nigra and the cell counts of ngf group were 2 330.0+/-260.3, and those of the mptp group and the control group were 797 ... | 2000 | 12075435 |
| crystal structures of an acidic phospholipase a(2) from the venom of naja kaouthia. | a phospholipase a(2) purified from the venom of naja kaouthia (guangxi cobra) exhibits anticoagulant activities. the structures of two crystal forms were determined by x-ray crystallography at 2.8a resolution with the naja naja (india cobra) pla(2) as an initial model. the enzyme exhibits a trimer structure, which is similar to that of india cobra pla(2). this reinforces the physiological relevance of the oligomer. the trimer has a wide cavity, which allows the substrate to enter and interact wi ... | 2002 | 12076645 |
| cloning and functional expression of neurotoxin cdna from naja naja atra. | three new cdnas named nl1, nl2 and nl3 were cloned from the total rna of naja naja atra by rt-pcr. the protein sequences encoded by them showed 77%, 72% and 98% structure identity to cobrotoxin which is a postsynaptic neurotoxin from taiwan cobra (naja naja atra), respectively. the five conservative residues, tyr(25), lys(27), trp(29), arg(33) and lys(47), essential for the function of cobrotoxin were also found in the three cdnas. the nl3, the most homologous to cobrotoxin, was expressed in e.c ... | 2000 | 12110923 |
| molecular cloning and expression of a new a chain of beta-bungarotoxin. | the cdna encoding a new a chain of beta-bungarotoxin was cloned from bungarus multicinctus. it encoded a 27-amino acid signal peptide and a mature protein of 120 amino acids. the mature protein had the same 13 cysteines as the other a chains and shared high homology with them. the cdna encoding the pla(2) from naja naja atra was also cloned by the use of the same degenerate primers. the cdnas encoding the new a chain and the pla(2) were highly expressed in e. coli as soluble fusion proteins and ... | 1999 | 12110937 |
| professor chen-yuan lee, md (1915-2001), pharmacologist: snake venom research at the institute of pharmacology, national taiwan university. | professor chen-yuan lee was born in tainan, taiwan. in 1940, he joined the staff of the institute of pharmacology of the university, now named national taiwan university. dr lee began a study of daboia russelli formosensis venom under the direction of professor tsungming tu who, in the 1930s, initiated the pharmacological studies of formosan snake venoms carried out at the institute. under professor lee's direction, the institute became known internationally for its work on the isolation, compos ... | 2002 | 12162268 |
| a non-toxic anticoagulant metalloprotease: purification and characterization from indian cobra (naja naja naja) venom. | a non-toxic potent anticoagulant metalloprotease nn-pf(3) has been purified to homogeneity from the indian cobra (naja naja naja) venom through a combination of column chromatography and electrophoresis. nn-pf(3) is a single chain protein with a molecular weight of 68 kda by sds-page. it hydrolysed casein, gelatin, haemoglobin and bovine fibrinogen, but did not hydrolyse bovine serum albumin or synthetic substrates such as tame, baee and bapna. edta, egta and cyanide inhibited the enzymatic acti ... | 2002 | 12175602 |
| purification and characterization of a glycoprotein inhibitor of toxic phospholipase from withania somnifera. | a phospholipase inhibitor (wsg) has been purified from withania somnifera using gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatographies. the wsg is an acidic glycoprotein. its molecular mass as determined by sds-page was 27kda. it neutralized the enzyme activity and pharmacological properties such as cytotoxicity, edema, and myotoxicity of a multi-toxic indian cobra venom phospholipase (nnxia-pla) but failed to neutralize the neurotoxicity. the glycan part of the molecule does not appear to be involved ... | 2002 | 12485601 |
| a novel prothrombin activator from the venom of micropechis ikaheka: isolation and characterization. | a novel prothrombin activator, mikarin, has been isolated from micropechis ikaheka venom. it is a single polypeptide chain metalloproteinase with the apparent molecular weight of 47kda. mikarin exhibits ca(2+)-independent prothrombin activation, but no effects on other blood coagulation factors, such as factor x and fibrinogen. mikarin is the first member of group i prothrombin activators from elapid venom. like other high-molecular-weight snake venom proteinases, it has three structural domains ... | 2002 | 12485606 |
| cross neutralization of dangerous snake venoms from africa and the middle east using the vacsera polyvalent antivenom. egyptian organization for biological products & vaccines. | this study was performed to assess the ability of polyvalent snake venom anti-serum, produced by the egyptian organization for biological products & vaccines (vacsera), to neutralize several toxic activities of snake venoms, not only of those included in the antivenom mixture, but also some additional venoms of snakes from egyptian, african, and middle eastern habitats. in general, the results revealed that polyvalent snake venom anti-serum from vacsera is highly effective in neutralizing egypti ... | 2002 | 12503876 |
| the role of phospholipases a2 in the stimulation of neutrophil motility by cobra venoms. | neutrophil (pmn) accumulation frequently occurs at the site of snakebite as part of the inflammatory response to envenoming. we demonstrate here that the venoms of the cobras, naja naja and n. mossambica, and two purified venom phospholipase a(2)s (pla(2)s) isolated from the latter venom, stimulate cd11b translocation from the pmn granule store to the plasma membrane and enhance neutrophil motility on collagen-coated surfaces. these effects were partially attenuated by the pla(2) inhibitor, aris ... | 2003 | 12657315 |
| neurotoxic and myotoxic actions of naja naja kaouthia venom on skeletal muscle in vitro. | the neuromuscular and skeletal muscle actions of naja naja kaouthia snake venom were studied in mammalian (rat left hemidiaphragm) and avian (chick biventer cervicis) nerve-muscle preparations. the venom (5 and 10 micro g/ml) produced neuromuscular blockade (85% in 36.8+/-2.0min, mean+/-sem, n=5, and 18+/-0.6min, n=3, p<0.01, respectively) in the rat preparation. that the phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) activity of the venom is involved in this effect was evaluated by inhibiting this enzyme with p-b ... | 2003 | 12727270 |
| the role of cryptosporidium parvum-derived phospholipase in intestinal epithelial cell invasion. | in the cryptosporidium parvum-infected intestinal epithelial cell, the parasite occupies an unusual extracytoplasmic location at the luminal surface, but how the invading zoites interact with the host cell to achieve this niche is poorly understood. this study examined the role of secretory phospholipase a(2) (spla(2)), a known virulence factor for several pathogenic microorganisms, in establishing c. parvum intracellularly. initially, it was established that there was spla(2) activity in homoge ... | 2003 | 12783305 |
| [study of the constitution of cobra venom (naja naja)]. | 1954 | 13209880 | |
| immunological researches on the main formosan poisonous snakes, especially on the venoms. vi. natural immunity of naja naja atra. | 1953 | 13211076 | |
| [separation of the constituents of naja naja venin by electrophoresis]. | 1958 | 13537364 | |
| identification of enzymes and toxins in venoms of indian cobra and russell's viper after starch gel electrophoresis. | 1961 | 13767976 | |
| [separation by electrophoresis of the toxic constituents of the venoms of naja naja and naja nigricollis]. | 1959 | 13816224 | |
| active immunization of a human being against cobra (naja naja) venom. | 1963 | 14097729 | |
| active immunization of a human against naja naja venom. a preliminary report. rep 594. | 1963 | 14133524 | |
| the effect of cobra venom (naja naja) on the incorporation of h3-thymidine into brain of normal and dystrophic animals. | 1964 | 14151234 | |
| studies on habu snake venom. vi. cytotoxic effect of habu (trimeresurus flavoviridis hallowell) and cobra (naja naja) venoms on the cells in vitro. | 1964 | 14192590 | |
| fractionation of indian cobra venom by column chromatography. i. dextran gels. | 1964 | 14220721 | |
| fractionation of indian cobra venom by column chromatography. ii. carboxymethyl cellulose. | 1964 | 14220722 | |
| action of naja naja and vipera palestinae venoms on cat brain phospholipids in vitro. | 1964 | 14222506 | |
| [comparison of the action of x-rays and anavenin of the snake naja naja on mitoses of the adrenal cortex in the mouse]. | 1964 | 14295953 | |
| protection against naja naja venom in dogs by hydrocortisone. | 1961 | 14475779 | |
| design of specific peptide inhibitors for group i phospholipase a2: structure of a complex formed between phospholipase a2 from naja naja sagittifera (group i) and a designed peptide inhibitor val-ala-phe-arg-ser (vafrs) at 1.9 a resolution reveals unique features. | phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) (e. c. 3.1.1.4) is a common enzyme in the two-way cascade mechanism leading to the production of proinflammatory compounds known as eicosanoids. the binding of phospholipase a(2) to the membrane surface and hydrolysis of phospholipids are thought to involve the formation of a hydrophobic channel into which a single substrate molecule diffuses before its cleavage. to regulate the production of proinflammatory compounds, a specific peptide inhibitor val-ala-phe-arg-ser ... | 2003 | 14529280 |
| in vitro procoagulant and anticoagulant properties of naja naja naja venom. | bites by the indian cobra (naja naja naja) are common in india and sri lanka because of its close association with humans. cobra venoms are complex and contain several toxic components, including neurotoxins that cause post-synaptic neuromuscular blockade with respiratory paralysis and even death. bites may also cause extensive local necrosis by mechanisms not fully elucidated. although no significant coagulopathy has been reported, n.n. naja venom can form blood clots in vitro by activating pro ... | 2003 | 14559074 |
| immunogenicity of venoms from four common snakes in the south of vietnam and development of elisa kit for venom detection. | the antigenicity and antigenic relationship between venoms of four common snakes in the south of vietnam-trimeresurus popeorum, calloselasma rhodostoma, naja naja and ophiophagus hannah-were studied. most of venom components expressed antigenicity and produced high titre antivenoms. the venoms share common components and antivenoms cross-reacted along them. furthermore, cross-reactions were observed among non-common antigens, indicating that they share common epitopes. hence, using single compon ... | 2003 | 14604537 |
| cardiotoxin-iii selectively enhances activation-induced apoptosis of human cd8+ t lymphocytes. | cardiotoxin-iii (ctx-iii), a major cardiotoxin isolated from the venom of the taiwan cobra (naja naja atra), is a highly basic, hydrophobic, toxic protein, which can induce lysis of mononuclear cells by an unknown mechanism. this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of ctx-iii on untreated and pha-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) in vitro. the results show that treatment of pha-activated lymphocytes with ctx-iii (10 microg/ml) induced apoptosis and depletion of the ... | 2003 | 14613720 |
| bile acid composition in snake bile juice and toxicity of snake bile acids to rats. | we determined the bile acid profiles in bile juice of snake gallbladders by hplc on a silica gel rp-18 reversed-phase column. cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid were predominant components in three of four snake species. to elucidate the toxic effect of snake bile acids on rats, a synthetic bile acid mixture was prepared mimicking the bile acid composition of a snake naja naja atra bile juice. twenty-four male wistar rats were divided into four groups and treated orally at 3-day intervals wit ... | 2003 | 14659461 |
| purification, characterization and primary structure of a chymotrypsin inhibitor from naja atra venom. | a chymotrypsin inhibitor, designated na-ci, was isolated from the venom of the chinese cobra naja atra by three-step chromatography. it inhibited bovine alpha-chymotrypsin with a ki of 25 nm. the molecular mass of na-ci was determined to be 6403.8 da by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) analysis. the complete amino acid sequence was determined after digestion of s-carboxymethylated inhibitor with staphylococcus aureus v8 protease and porcine trypsin. na-ci wa ... | 2004 | 14990218 |
| natural phospholipase a(2) myotoxin inhibitor proteins from snakes, mammals and plants. | a renewed interest in the phenomenon of inter- and intra-species resistance towards the toxicity of snake venoms, coupled with the search for new strategies for treatment of snake envenomations, has prompted the discovery of proteins which neutralize the major toxic components of these venoms. among these emerging groups of proteins are inhibitors of toxic phospholipases a2 (pla2s), many of which exhibit a wide range of toxic effects including muscle-tissue damage, neurotoxicity, and inflammatio ... | 2003 | 15019494 |
| [effects of a nerve growth factor isolated and purified from the venom of naja naja atra on injured sciatic nerve in the adult cat]. | to investigate the therapeutic effects of a nerve growth factor (ngf) isolated and purified from the venom of naja naja atra on injured sciatic nerves in adult cat. | 2004 | 15071914 |
| structure and function of recombinant cobra venom factor. | cobra venom factor (cvf) is the complement-activating protein from cobra venom. it is a structural and functional analog of complement component c3. cvf functionally resembles c3b, the activated form of c3. like c3b, cvf binds factor b, which is subsequently cleaved by factor d to form the bimolecular complex cvf,bb. cvf,bb is a c3/c5 convertase that cleaves both complement components c3 and c5. cvf is a three-chain protein that structurally resembles the c3b degradation product c3c, which is un ... | 2004 | 15131128 |
| isolation and characterization of hyaluronidase a "spreading factor" from indian cobra (naja naja) venom. | hyaluronidase, ubiquitous enzyme in snake venoms, known originally as "spreading factor", has not been well studied. the present study describes the purification and characterization of hyaluronidase from indian cobra (naja naja) venom and provides systematic evaluation of the spreading property of the enzyme. hyaluronidase (nnh1) has been purified through gel permeation and ion exchange chromatography. the molecular mass was found to be 70.406 kda by maldi-tof mass spectrometry and with the (p) ... | 2004 | 15134834 |
| purification of a class b1 platelet aggregation inhibitor phospholipase a2 from indian cobra (naja naja) venom. | a platelet aggregation inhibitor phospholipase a(2) (nnd-iv-pla(2)) was isolated from naja naja (eastern india) venom by a combination of cation and anion exchange chromatography. nnd-iv-pla(2) is the most catalytically active enzyme isolated from the indian cobra venom. the acidic pla(2) profile of eastern regional indian cobra venom is distinctly different from that of the western regional venom. however the acidic pla(2)s from both the regions follow the pattern of increasing catalytic activi ... | 2004 | 15134835 |
| hyaluronidase and protease activities from indian snake venoms: neutralization by mimosa pudica root extract. | the aqueous root extract of mimosa pudica dose dependently inhibited the hyaluronidase and protease activities of indian snakes (naja naja, vipera russelii and echis carinatus) venom. | 2004 | 15159000 |
| proteomic characterization of two snake venoms: naja naja atra and agkistrodon halys. | snake venom is a complex mixture of proteins and peptides, and a number of studies have described the biological properties of several venomous proteins. nevertheless, a complete proteomic profile of venom from any of the many species of snake is not available. proteomics now makes it possible to globally identify proteins from a complex mixture. to assess the venom proteomic profiles from naja naja atra and agkistrodon halys, snakes common to southern china, we used a combination strategy, whic ... | 2004 | 15285721 |
| cloning, overexpression, and characterization of cobrotoxin. | cobrotoxin (cbtx) is a highly toxic short neurotoxin, isolated from the taiwan cobra (naja naja atra) venom. in the present study for the first time we report the cloning and expression of cbtx in high yields (12mg/l) in escherichia coli. cbtx fused to the igg-binding domain of protein a (igg-cbtx) was expressed in the soluble form. the misfolded cbtx portion (of the overexpressed fusion protein) was refolded under optimal redox conditions. the fusion protein (igg-cbtx) was observed to undergo a ... | 2004 | 15303285 |
| a subnanogram assay for phospholipase activity based on a long-chain radioiodinatable phosphatidylcholine. | here, we introduce a radioiodinatable long-chain phosphatidylcholine (bhc12pc) which serves as the base for a very sensitive phospholipase assay. this compound has a 4-hydroxyphenyl group attached at the end of the fatty acyl chain located in position sn-2. this feature enables this phospholipid to be radioiodinated. bhc12pc was tested as a substrate of naja naja naja pla(2) and bacillus cereus plc in a mixed micellar system with triton x-100. the detection limit for the assays was 0.25ng of pla ... | 2004 | 15450804 |
| modification of substrate inhibition of synaptosomal acetylcholinesterase by cardiotoxins. | different types of cardiotoxin (i-v and n) were isolated and purified from the venom of the taiwan cobra (naja naja atra). the effects of these cardiotoxins were studied on membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase, which was isolated from a sheep's brain cortex. the results showed that cardiotoxins i-iii, v, and n activated the enzyme by modification of substrate inhibition, but cardiotoxin iv's reaction was different. the inhibition and activation of acetylcholinesterase were linked to the functions ... | 2004 | 15469715 |
| [envenoming by malayan cobra (naja naja sputatrix)--case report]. | malayan cobra (naja naja sputatrix) is the venomous snake of the elapidae family which involves at least three species of asian spitting cobras, according to the new taxonomy. this snake occurs naturally in southeastern asia and in poland it is kept only in the private breedings. its venom mainly contains neurotoxins which have paralyzing activities to the nervous system and cardiotoxins which act cytolytically. the present study shows a case of the forty-one-year-old man professionally engaging ... | 2004 | 15521620 |
| purification and characterization of taiwan cobra venom proteins with weak toxicity. | two proteins g2a and g2b with molecular masses of approximately 24 kda were isolated from naja naja atra (taiwan cobra) venom using sequential chromatography on gel filtration, ion-exchanger and reverse phase columns. the results of edman degradation and mass analysis revealed that g2a is a cysteine-rich protein reported previously, and g2b is a novel polypeptide. cd spectra showed that the gross conformation of g2a and g2b notably differed. g2a exhibited an activity higher than that noted with ... | 2005 | 15581679 |
| molecular cloning and evolution of the genes encoding the precursors of taiwan cobra cardiotoxin and cardiotoxin-like basic protein. | genomic dnas encoding the precursors of eight cardiotoxins and two cardiotoxin-like basic proteins (clbp) were isolated from the liver of naja naja atra (taiwan cobra). the cardiotoxin and clbp genes have three exons like alpha-neurotoxin precursors. the promoter regions of these genes are highly conserved and contain the consensus transcriptional factor-binding sites for tbp, nf-1, caccc-binding site, spl and efii, suggesting that these genes are regulated using similar transcriptional mechanis ... | 2004 | 15587986 |
| solution structure of long neurotoxin ntx-1 from the venom of naja naja oxiana by 2d-nmr spectroscopy. | the nmr solution structures of ntx-1 (pdb code 1w6b and bmrb 6288), a long neurotoxin isolated from the venom of naja naja oxiana, and the molecular dynamics simulation of these structures are reported. calculations are based on 1114 noes, 19 hydrogen bonds, 19 dihedral angle restraints and secondary chemical shifts derived from 1h to 13c hsqc spectrum. similar to other long neurotoxins, the three-finger like structure shows a double and a triple stranded beta-sheet as well as some flexible regi ... | 2004 | 15606783 |
| envenoming by the common krait (bungarus caeruleus) and asian cobra (naja naja): clinical manifestations and their management in a rural setting. | villagers are commonly poisoned by kraits and cobras in india, and resulting deaths are common. an inadequate understanding of appropriate snakebite treatment often delays proper treatment of those who are bitten. a lack of simple airway management equipment such as resuscitation bags and laryngoscopes compounds the difficulty in treating many patients and increases mortality in neurotoxic (elapid) venom poisoning. this article discusses the clinical signs and symptoms of krait and cobra envenom ... | 2004 | 15636376 |
| structure of the zinc-induced heterodimer of two calcium-free isoforms of phospholipase a2 from naja naja sagittifera at 2.7 angstroms resolution. | the crystal structure of a zinc-induced heterodimer of two metal-free isoforms of a cobra venom phospholipase a(2) has been determined at 2.7 angstroms resolution. the crystals belong to space group p4(1), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 65.5, c = 58.4 angstroms, and have a single dimer in the asymmetric unit. the structure has been refined to r(cryst) and r(free) factors of 0.188 and 0.232, respectively. the two isoforms have a sequence identity of 82%. the zinc ion forms a fivefold coordinat ... | 2005 | 15735340 |
| induction of apoptosis in human leukemia k562 cells by cardiotoxin iii. | cardiotoxin iii (ctx iii), a basic polypeptide with 60 amino acid residues isolated from naja naja atra venom, has been reported to have anticancer activity. ctx iii was found to inhibit the growth of k562 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner with ic50 value of 1.7 microg/ml, and it displayed several features of apoptosis including apoptotic body formation, increase of sub g1 population, dna fragmentation and poly (adp-ribose) polymerase (parp) cleavage. investigation of the mechanism of ct ... | 2005 | 15763081 |
| [effect of fractions isolated from naja naja atra venom on antioxidation in animals]. | to study the antioxidation of fraction f and h isolated from naja naja atra venom on homogenate and rbc autoxidation. and to explore the effect of two fractions on the activities of antioxidation enzymes in mice. | 2004 | 15810595 |
| phospholipase a(2) activity of beta-bungarotoxin is essential for induction of cytotoxicity on cerebellar granule neurons. | the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the cytotoxic effect of beta-bungarotoxin (beta-butx), a presynaptic neurotoxin, on rat cerebellar granule neurons (cgns). the maturation of cgns is characterized by the prominent dense neurite networks that became fragmented after treatment with beta-butx, and this cytotoxic effect of beta-butx on cgns was in a dose- and time-dependant manner. the cytotoxic effect of beta-butx was found to be more potent than other toxins, such as alpha- ... | 2005 | 15849737 |
| use of pavo cristatus feather extract for the better management of snakebites: neutralization of inflammatory reactions. | in indian traditional medicine, peacock feather in the form of ash (bhasma) or water extract are used against snakebite and to treat various problems associated with lungs. this study was aimed to evaluate the water extract of peacock feather (pcf) against the local tissue damage caused due to snakebite. pcf water extract showed inhibition towards phospholipase a2 enzyme activity from snake venom (naja naja and vipera russelii), inflammatory fluids (synovial, pleural, ascites) and normal serum i ... | 2005 | 15894132 |
| screening of plants containing naja naja siamensis cobra venom inhibitory activity using modified elisa technique. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been modified for screening plants with antagonistic activity to naja naja siamensis cobra venom. aqueous extracts from plants were investigated for their inhibitory effects on the binding of anti-cobra venom antibody to antigen, cobra venom, fixed onto 96-well microtiter plates. ingredients in extracts were allowed to react with immobilized venom before the subsequent addition of antivenom antibody. venom components affected by exposure to the extra ... | 2005 | 15907878 |
| prevalence of snake bites in kangar district hospital, perlis, west malaysia: a retrospective study (january 1999-december 2000). | the records of 284 snake bite cases presenting to the kangar district hospital, perlis, west malaysia, from january 1999 till december 2000 were carefully reviewed. data on prevalence and types of snake bites, were recorded. the majority of the cases were among malays (60.2%), followed by chinese (16.9%), indians (13%), and others which include thai nationals, army personnel from sabah and sarawak, and foreign tourists (9.8%). a higher incidence was found in males (60.2%) and most cases were see ... | 2004 | 15916099 |
| cardiotoxin iii induces apoptosis in k562 cells through a mitochondrial-mediated pathway. | 1. cardiotoxin (ctx) iii is a basic polypeptide with 60 amino acid residues isolated from naja naja atra venom. this is the first report on the mechanism of the anticancer effect of ctx iii on human leukaemia k562 cells. 2. cardiotoxin iii was found to inhibit the growth of k562 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with an ic(50) value of 1.7 mug/ml, and displayed several features of apoptosis, including apoptotic body formation, an increase in the sub-g(1) population, dna fragmentation a ... | 2005 | 16026508 |
| a low molecular weight isoform of hyaluronidase: purification from indian cobra (naja naja) venom and partial characterization. | a low molecular weight isoform of hyaluronidase (nnh2) has been isolated from indian cobra (naja naja) venom by successive chromatography on sephadex g-75 and cm-sephadex c-25 columns. the apparent molecular weight determined by sds-page is 52 kd, and the pi value is 9.7. nnh2 is an endoglycosidase and exhibits in vitro absolute specificity for hyaluronan; it also hydrolyzed hyaluronan in human skin sections. nnh2 is nontoxic, but it indirectly potentiates the hemorrhagic activity of hemorrhagic ... | 2005 | 16038614 |
| determination of the amino acid sequence of a new phospholipase a(2) (midca1) isolated from micrurus dumerilii carinicauda venom. | a new phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) from micrurus dumerilii carinicauda venom was isolated and its primary structure determined. this new pla(2) showed a low enzymatic activity when compared with other pla(2)s and it is moderately basic with an isoelectric point of 8.0. its amino acid sequence showed the presence of 120 amino acid residues and its sequence was: nliqflnmiqcttpgreplvafanygcycgrggsgtpvdeldrccqvhdncydtakkvfgcspyftmysydcsegkltckdnntkckaavcncdrtaalcfakapyndknykidltkrcq. the structural m ... | 2005 | 16096720 |
| preparation of complement fragments c3b and c3a from purified rat complement component c3 by activated cobra venom factor. | complement component c3 (c3) can be a target of pharmacological or toxicological agents. in the analysis of this, it is important to examine the involvement of fragments c3b and c3a since c3 function normally requires cleavage into these fragments. the present study describes a simple and efficient method for the preparation of rat complement c3b and c3a by using purified c3 and cobra venom factor (cvf) as a cleaving enzyme. | 2005 | 16125624 |
| inhibition of secretory phospholipase a(2) enzyme by bilirubin: a new role as endogenous anti-inflammatory molecule. | bilirubin is a powerful antioxidant that suppresses the inflammatory process. however its interaction with proinflammatory pla(2) enzyme is not known. inhibition of several secretory phospholipase a(2) (spla(2)) enzyme activities by bilirubin was studied using (14)c-oleate labeled escherichia coli as substrate. bilirubin inhibits purified spla(2) enzyme from vipera russellii and naja naja venom and partially purified spla(2) enzymes from human ascitic fluid, pleural fluid and normal serum in a d ... | 2005 | 16132704 |
| inhibition of naja naja venom hyaluronidase by plant-derived bioactive components and polysaccharides. | the inhibitory effect of several bioactive compounds on the activity of hyaluronidase enzyme purified from naja naja venom was investigated in vitro. compounds were found to inhibit the hyaluronidase activity dose dependently. among glycosaminoglycans, heparin, heparan sulfate, and dermatan sulfate showed maximum inhibition compared to chondroitin sulfates. different molecular forms of chitosan inhibit the enzyme, and inhibition appears to depend on the chain length. in addition, plant-derived b ... | 2005 | 16212553 |
| [poisonous animals registration in poland]. | the act on nature conservation of 16.04.2004 (official journal, 2004, no 92, item 880) imposes on private individuals the duty to register some animals. the data collected by kraków municipal authorities and delivered to the poison information centre (colleglum medicum, jagiellonian university) indicate that there are following species in private hands in the city and its surroundings: 11 individuals of naja naja, 2--hydrodynates gigas and 55-- dendrobates spp. according to these information the ... | 2005 | 16225138 |
| [the effects of an ngf isolated and purified from venom of naja naja atra on gap-43 in spinal cord dorsal horn of cats subjected to partial rhizotomy]. | to investigate the effects of a nerve growth factor (ngf) isolated and purified from the venom of naja naja atra on gap-43 in spinal cord dorsal horn of cats subjected to partial rhizotomy. | 2005 | 16235521 |
| inhibition of naja naja venom hyaluronidase: role in the management of poisonous bite. | hyaluronidase is present virtually in all snake venoms and has been known as a "spreading factor." the enzyme damages the extracellular matrix at the site of the bite, leading to severe morbidity. in this study, the benefits of inhibiting the hyaluronidase activity of indian cobra (naja naja) venom have been investigated. anti-nnh1 and aristolochic acid both inhibited the in vitro activity of the purified hyaluronidase, (nnh1) and the hyaluronidase activity of whole venom in a dose-dependent man ... | 2006 | 16253285 |
| crystal structure of a novel phospholipase a2 from naja naja sagittifera with a strong anticoagulant activity. | this is the first pla(2) crystal structure from group i that shows a strong anticoagulant property. the monomeric pla(2) was purified from the venom of naja naja sagittifera (indian cobra). its amino acid sequence has been determined using cdna technique. the amino acid sequence of spla(2) contains three positively charged and two negatively charged residues in the segment 54-71 (numbering scheme of spla(2)) thus giving this region an overall cationic amphiphilic surface. this suggested the pres ... | 2005 | 16269164 |
| crystal structure of the complex of group i pla2 with a group ii-specific peptide leu-ala-ile-tyr-ser (laiys) at 2.6 a resolution. | phospholipases a(2)s (pla(2)s) are widely distributed in mammals and snake venoms. they catalyze the production of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids leading to the bioynthesis of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. a peptide leu-ala-ile-tyr-ser (laiys) was designed and synthesized as a specific inhibitor of pla(2). it was shown earlier that the peptide bound to group ii pla(2) specifically and had a dissociation constant (k(d)) of 8.8 x 10(-9) m. in the present studies for the binding of la ... | 2005 | 16278156 |
| crystal structure of a heterodimer of phospholipase a2 from naja naja sagittifera at 2.3 a resolution reveals the presence of a new pla2-like protein with a novel cys 32-cys 49 disulphide bridge with a bound sugar at the substrate-binding site. | the crystal structure of the phospholipase a2 (pla2) heterodimer from naja naja sagittifera reveals the presence of a new pla2-like protein with eight disulphide bridges. the heterodimer is formed between a commonly observed group i pla2 having seven characteristic disulfide bonds and a novel pla2-like protein (cys-pla2) containing two extra cysteines at two highly conserved sites (positions 32 and 49) of structural and functional importance. the crystals of the heterodimer belong to tetragonal ... | 2006 | 16287060 |
| non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as potent inhibitors of phospholipase a2: structure of the complex of phospholipase a2 with niflumic acid at 2.5 angstroms resolution. | phospholipase a(2) (pla(2); ec 3.1.3.4) catalyzes the first step of the production of proinflammatory compounds collectively known as eicosanoids. the binding of phospholipid substrates to pla(2) occurs through a well formed hydrophobic channel. surface plasmon resonance studies have shown that niflumic acid binds to naja naja sagittifera pla(2) with an affinity that corresponds to a dissociation constant (k(d)) of 4.3 x 10(-5) m. binding studies of pla(2) with niflumic acid were also carried ou ... | 2005 | 16301791 |
| strong myotoxic activity of trimeresurus malabaricus venom: role of metalloproteases. | trimeresurus malabaricus is an endemic snake found in the southern region of western ghats section of india along with the more widely distributed species like naja naja and daboia russelii. t. malabaricus venom is not lethal when injected (i.p.) up to 20 mg/kg body weight in mice, but causes extensive local tissue degeneration. n. naja and d. russelii are highly toxic (i.p.) with minimum local tissue damage in experimental mice. in this study a comparative analysis of local tissue damage of t. ... | 2006 | 16317522 |
| enzymatic activities of some snake venoms from families elapidae and viperidae. | alkaline phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, l-amino acid oxidase, hyaluronidase, 5'-nucleotidase, arginine ester hydrolase, phospholipase a2 and proteinase activities were determined in eight snake venoms, including three from sea snake, of families elapidae and viperidae from pakistan. the species includes three sea snakes hydrophis cyanocinctus, enhydrina schsitosa, microcephalophis gracilis gracilis and two land snakes naja naja naja, bungarus caeruleus of family elapidae while three lan ... | 1996 | 16414774 |
| north american coral snake antivenin for the neutralization of non-native elapid venoms in a murine model. | north american coral snake antivenin (csav; wyeth antivenin [micrurus fulvius], equine origin) is approved for the treatment of coral snake envenomations in the united states. the coral snake is the only elapid that is native to north america, but envenomations from non-native elapids are occurring more commonly in this country. this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of csav in the neutralization of two exotic elapid envenomations: naja naja (indian cobra) and dendroaspis polylepsis (b ... | 2006 | 16436788 |
| mechanisms of cardiotoxin lll-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer colo205 cells. | cardiotoxin iii (ctx iii) is a basic polypeptide with 60 amino acid residues isolated from naja naja atra venom. this is the first report on the mechanism of the anticancer effect of ctx iii in human colorectal cancer colo205 cells. 2. cardiotoxin iii-induced colo205 cell apoptosis was confirmed by dna fragmentation (dna ladder and sub-g1 formation) with an ic(50) of 4 mg/ml at 48 h. 3. further mechanistic analysis demonstrate that ctx iii induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (dy ... | 2006 | 16487259 |
| purification of a post-synaptic neurotoxic phospholipase a2 from naja naja venom and its inhibition by a glycoprotein from withania somnifera. | a post-synaptic neurotoxic phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) has been purified from indian cobra naja naja venom. it was associated with a peptide in the venom. the association was disrupted using 8 m urea. it is denoted to be a basic protein by its behavior on both ion exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. it is toxic to mice, ld(50) 1.9 mg/kg body weight (ip). it is proved to be post-synaptic pla(2) by chymographic experiment using frog nerve-muscle preparation. a glycoprotein, (wsg) was isol ... | 2006 | 16494989 |
| a glycoprotein from a folk medicinal plant, withania somnifera, inhibits hyaluronidase activity of snake venoms. | venom hyaluronidases help in rapid spreading of the toxins by destroying the integrity of the extra-cellular matrix of the tissues in the victims. a hyaluronidase inhibitor (wsg) is purified from a folk medicinal plant, withania somnifera. the glycoprotein inhibited the hyaluronidase activity of cobra (naja naja) and viper (daboia russelii) venoms, which was demonstrated by zymogram assay and staining of the skin tissues for differential activity. wsg completely inhibited the activity of the enz ... | 2006 | 16513428 |
| a neurotoxic phospholipase a2 variant: isolation and characterization from eastern regional indian cobra (naja naja) venom. | cm-sephadex c-25 column chromatography profile of indian cobra (naja naja) venom from eastern region showed a distinct and a dominant phospholipase peak, peak-10, while it was not seen in either southern or western venom samples. peak-10 was subjected to cm-sephadex c-25 and sephadex g-50 column chromatography to isolate nn-x-pla(2). nn-x-pla(2) is a single chain protein with the relative molecular weight of 10kda by sds-page. it was toxic to mice with an ld(50) value 0.098 mg/kg body weight (i. ... | 2006 | 16574178 |
| differential action of proteases from trimeresurus malabaricus, naja naja and daboia russellii venoms on hemostasis. | the action of venom proteases and their role in hemostasis has been compared in the venoms of trimeresurus malabaricus, daboia russellii and naja naja from the southern region of western ghats, india. these venoms exhibit varying amounts of proteolytic activity and also influence hemostasis differently. casein hydrolyzing activity of t. malabaricus venoms was 16 and 24 fold higher than those of n. naja and d. russellii venoms, respectively. with the synthetic substrate tame, the highest activity ... | 2006 | 16627005 |
| transverse distribution of phospholipids in organelle membranes from ricinus communis l. var. hale endosperm: mitochondria and glyoxysomes. | phospholipase a(2) (naja naja), the nonpenetrating dye trinitrobenzene sulfonate, and the penetrating dye dinitrofluorobenzene, were used to determine the transmembrane distributions of phospholipids of mitochondria and glyoxysomes isolated from endosperm tissue of castor bean (ricinus communis l. var. hale). these studies indicated that the phospholipid distributions were distinctly asymmetric in the accessible (reacted with the probes without total membrane disruption by detergents) pools of t ... | 1980 | 16661334 |
| mutagenesis studies on the n-terminus and thr54 of naja naja atra (taiwan cobra) chymotrypsin inhibitor. | ala-screening mutagenesis studies on arg1, pro2, arg3, phe4 and thr54 of naja naja atra (taiwan cobra) chymotrypsin inhibitor showed that inhibitory potency and gross conformation of the mutants were not significantly different from those of wild-type inhibitor. nevertheless, the r1a mutant had an appreciable decrease in the structural stability underlying thermal unfolding and urea-induced denaturation. alternatively, deleting the first three residues at the n-terminus caused a reduction in str ... | 2006 | 16703468 |
| use of egg yolk antibody (igy) as an immunoanalytical tool in the detection of indian cobra (naja naja naja) venom in biological samples of forensic origin. | an immunoglobulin y (igy) based indirect double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection of indian cobra (naja naja naja) venom in the biological samples of forensic origin. polyclonal antibodies were raised and purified from chick egg yolk and rabbit serum. the cobra venom was sandwiched between immobilized affinity purified igy and the rabbit igg. the detection concentration of cobra venom was in the range of 0.1 to 300ng. the calibration plot ... | 2006 | 16846624 |
| modification of lys-6 and lys-65 affects the structural stability of taiwan cobra phospholipase a2. | to assess whether chemical modification of phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) enzymes may affect their fine structure and consequently alter their enzymatic activity, the present study was carried out. both lys-6 and lys-65 in the taiwan cobra (naja naja atra) pla(2) were selectively modified with trinitrobenzene sulfonate and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (plp), respectively. incorporation of either trinitrophenylated (tnp) or plp groups on lys-6 and lys-65 caused a drop in pla(2) activity, but the ca(2+)-bi ... | 2006 | 16862455 |
| anticoagulant effect of naja naja venom 5'nucleotidase: demonstration through the use of novel specific inhibitor, vanillic acid. | the snake venom proteins affect hemostasis by either advancing/delaying blood coagulation. apart from proteases and phospholipase a(2)s (pla(2)s), 5'nucleotidase is known to affect hemostasis by inhibiting platelet aggregation. in this study, the possible involvement of naja naja venom 5'nucleotidase in mediating anticoagulant affect is evaluated. vanillic acid selectively and specifically inhibited 5'nucleotidase activity among other enzymes present in n. naja venom. it is a competitive inhibit ... | 2006 | 16899266 |
| purification and characterization of ophiophagus hannah cytotoxin-like proteins. | three cytotoxin-like proteins from the venom of ophiophagus hannah were isolated by a combination of ion exchange chromatography and reverse phase hplc. amino acid sequence analysis revealed that these proteins all consisted of 63 amino acids and shared approximate 50% and 56% sequence identity with naja naja atra cardiotoxins and cardiotoxin-like basic proteins (clbps), respectively. cd spectra revealed that their secondary structure was dominated with beta-sheet as those noted with cardiotoxin ... | 2006 | 16899267 |
| up-regulation of bax and endonuclease g, and down-modulation of bcl-xl involved in cardiotoxin iii-induced apoptosis in k562 cells. | cardiotoxin iii (ctx iii), a basic polypeptide with 60 amino acid residues isolated from naja naja atra venom, has been reported to have anticancer activity. ctx iii-induced k562 cell apoptosis was confirmed by dna fragmentation (dna ladder, sub-g1 formation) and phosphatidylserine (ps) externalization with an ic(50) value of 1.7 microg/ml at 48 h. a mechanistic analysis demonstrated that ctx iii-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by up-regulation of both bax and endonuclease g (endo g ... | 2006 | 16953123 |
| on the nature and action of the venom of poisonous snakes: i. the venom of the indian cobra (naja tripudians). | 1886 | 16991442 | |
| optically trapping confocal raman microscopy of individual lipid vesicles: kinetics of phospholipase a(2)-catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipids in the membrane bilayer. | phospholipase a2 (pla2)-catalyzed hydrolysis at the sn-2 position of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in optically trapped liposomes is monitored in situ using confocal raman microscopy. individual optically trapped liposomes (0.6 microm in diameter) are exposed to pla2 isolated from cobra (naja naja naja) venom at varying enzyme concentrations. the relative raman scattering intensities of c-c stretching vibrations from the trans and gauche conformers of the acyl chains are correlated ... | 2006 | 17007516 |
| alpha-lipoic acid: an inhibitor of secretory phospholipase a2 with anti-inflammatory activity. | alpha-lipoic acid (ala) and its reduced form dihydrolipoic acid (dhla) are powerful antioxidants both in hydrophilic and lipophylic environments with diverse pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory activity. the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of ala and dhala is not known. the present study describes the interaction of ala and dhala with pro-inflammatory secretory pla(2) enzymes from inflammatory fluids and snake venoms. in vitro enzymatic inhibition of spla(2) from viper ... | 2006 | 17011589 |
| structural and functional analysis of natrin, a venom protein that targets various ion channels. | cysteine-rich secretory proteins (crisps) are secreted single-chain proteins found in different sources. natrin is a member of the crisp family purified from the snake venom of naja naja atra, which has been reported as a bkca channel blocker. in our study, crystals of natrin were obtained in two different crystal forms and the structure of one of them was solved at a resolution of 1.68a. our electrophysiological experiments indicated that natrin can block the ion channel currents of the voltage ... | 2006 | 17070778 |
| effects of cardiotoxin iii on expression of genes and proteins related to g2/m arrest and apoptosis in k562 cells. | cardiotoxin iii (ctx iii) is a basic polypeptide of 60-amino acid residues isolated from naja naja atra venom, exerts its anti-proliferative activity in human leukemia k562 cells. in the present study, the expression of mrnas and proteins related to cell cycle and apoptosis in human leukemia k562 cells induced by ctx iii was investigated by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and western blot analysis. flow cytometric analysis revealed that ctx iii resulted ... | 2007 | 17149543 |
| region-specific neutralization of indian cobra (naja naja) venom by polyclonal antibody raised against the eastern regional venom: a comparative study of the venoms from three different geographical distributions. | indian cobra (naja naja) venoms from different geographical locations vary in their composition, biochemical, and pharmacological properties. venom samples from eastern, western and southern india are compared in this study. the venom from eastern region was found to be the most lethal of the three regional venoms. monovalent antivenom (nnev-igg) prepared against the eastern venom was found to cross-react with the other two regional venoms. nnev-igg at an ag:ab ratio of 1:25 completely neutraliz ... | 2007 | 17161818 |
| purification, partial characterization, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction of a novel cardiotoxin-like basic protein from naja naja atra (south anhui) venom. | a novel cardiotoxin-like basic protein was isolated from the venom of the chinese cobra (naja naja atra) from the south of anhui in china. the protein inhibits the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in human lung cancer cell line h1299 and induces the haemolysis of rabbit erythrocytes under low-lecithin conditions. after a two-step chromatographic purification, the resultant 7 kda protein was crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion metho ... | 2007 | 17277458 |
| involvement of c-jun n-terminal kinase in g2/m arrest and caspase-mediated apoptosis induced by cardiotoxin iii (naja naja atra) in k562 leukemia cells. | cardiotoxin iii (ctx iii), a basic polypeptide with 60 amino acid residues isolated from naja naja atra venom, may have a potentiality as a structural template for rational drug design in killing cancer cells. treatment of k562 cells with 0.3 microm of ctx iii resulted in g2/m phase cell cycle arrest that was associated with a marked decline in protein levels of g2/m regulatory proteins including cyclin a, cyclin b1, cdk2 and cdc25c. in contrast to no effect on the phosphorylation of erk, p38 ma ... | 2007 | 17368702 |