| bovine herpesvirus-5 infection in a rabbit experimental model: immunohistochemical study of the cellular response in the cns. | since little information is available regarding cellular antigen mapping and the involvement of non-neuronal cells in the pathogenesis of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) infection, it were determined the bhv-5 distribution, the astrocytic reactivity, the involvement of lymphocytes and the presence of matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-9 in the brain of rabbits experimentally infected with bhv-5. twelve new zealand rabbits that were seronegative for bhv-5 were used for virus inoculation, and five r ... | 2013 | 23375887 |
| bovine herpesviruses induce different cell death forms in neuronal and glial-derived tumor cell cultures. | oncolytic viruses have the ability to infect tumor cells and leave healthy cells intact. in this study, bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1; los angeles, cooper, and sv56/90 strains) and bovine herpesvirus 5 (bhv5; sv507/99 and gu9457818 strains) were used to infect two neuronal tumor cell lineages: neuro2a (mouse neuroblastoma cells) and c6 (rat glial cells). bhv1 and bhv5 strains infected both cell lines and positively correlated with viral antigen detection (p < 0.005). when neuro2a cells were infecte ... | 2016 | 27311457 |
| infertility and venereal disease in cattle inseminated with semen containing bovine herpesvirus type 5. | a group of 20 cows and heifers experienced poor conception rates and probable ovarian dysfunction after being artificially inseminated. when first examined, some showed signs of vulvovaginitis, with pustular, ulcerative lesions consistent with a herpesvirus infection. they had had no contact with bulls during the current breeding season. bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) was isolated from samples of frozen semen from the batch that had been used for the artificial insemination programme. bhv-5 w ... | 2009 | 19633324 |
| comparison between dna detection in trigeminal nerve ganglia and serology to detect cattle infected with bovine herpesviruses types 1 and 5. | bovine herpesviruses (bohvs) types 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5) are alphaherpesviruses of major importance to the bovine production chain. such viruses are capable of establishing latent infections in neuronal tissues. infected animals tend to develop a serological response to infection; however, such response-usually investigated by antibody assays in serum-may eventually not be detected in laboratory assays. nevertheless, serological tests such as virus neutralization (vn) and various enzyme-link ... | 2016 | 27224314 |
| susceptibility of neuron-like cells derived from bovine wharton's jelly to bovine herpesvirus type 5 infections. | bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5), frequently lethal in cattle, is associated with significant agricultural economic losses due to neurological disease. cattle and rabbits are frequently used as models to study the biology and pathogenesis of bohv-5 infection. in particular, neural invasion and proliferation are two of the factors important in bohv-5 infection. the present study investigated the potential of bovine wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (bwj-mscs) to differentiate into a neu ... | 2012 | 23227933 |
| neurotropic bovine astrovirus-associated encephalitis: an underdiagnosed disease in south america? | we describe a case of neurotropic bovine astrovirus-associated encephalitis in a jersey dairy cow from the department of san josé, uruguay. this represents the second case of this condition reported in the southern hemisphere. the cow was the only one affected in a herd of 70 cows, showing neurological signs with a 2-day clinical course, before dying spontaneously. histopathological examination revealed lymphocytic, histiocytic, and plasmacytic meningoencephalitis with neuronal necrosis, without ... | 2021 | 34148730 |
| development of latex agglutination test for rapid detection of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine herpesvirus 5 in cattle. | a latex agglutination test (lat) based on sensitized polystyrene beads with inactivated bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) particles was developed to detect serum antibodies against bhv-1 and bovine herpesvirus 5 (bhv-5). compared with a virus neutralization test using 252 serum samples, the sensitivity and specificity were 94.7% and 97.5%, respectively. finally, 512 clinical serum samples from 3 major cattle-breeding provinces were monitored, and the overall positive rate was 34.57% (95% confidence i ... | 2012 | 23012381 |
| evaluation of developmental changes in bovine in vitro produced embryos following exposure to bovine herpesvirus type 5. | bovine herpesvirus type-5 (bohv-5) is a neurovirulent α-herpesvirus which is potentially pathogenic for cows and suspected to be associated with reproductive disorders. interestingly, natural transmission of bohv-5 by contaminated semen was recently described in australia. additionally, bohv-5 was also isolated from the semen of a healthy bull in the same country and incriminated in a natural outbreak of reproductive disease after artificial insemination. in contrast with bohv-1, experimental ex ... | 2012 | 22823939 |
| in vitro replication of bovine herpesvirus types 1 and 5. | the aim of this work was to study the in vitro replication of bovine herpesvirus types 1 and 5 (bohv-1 and 5) at the beginning and end of the logarithmic growth phase of madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells. the replication kinetics and size of lysis and infection plaques of the field isolates 09/210 (bohv-1) and 97/613 (bohv-5) and the reference strains bohv-1.1 los angeles 38 (la38), bohv-1.1 cooper, bohv-5a n569 and bohv-5b a663 were evaluated. the highest mean virus titre was recorded for ... | 2012 | 22306173 |
| role of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) in diseases of cattle. recent findings on bohv-5 association with genital disease. | bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) belongs to the family herpesviridae, subfamily alphaherpesvirinae, genus varicellovirus. this virus is a major causative agent of non-suppurative meningoencephalitis in young cattle. it was first isolated in 1962 from a neurological disease outbreak in australia. bohv-5 is genetically and antigenically related to bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1), a highly prevalent virus responsible for respiratory and genital disease in cattle. initially, bohv-5 was consider ... | 2012 | 26623291 |
| toll-like receptor expression in the nervous system of bovine alpha-herpesvirus-infected calves. | in this study, the expression levels of viral toll-like receptors (tlrs) in the nervous system of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5)-infected calves were investigated. a significant increase in the expression of tlrs 3 and 7-9 was found in the anterior cerebral cortex during acute infection and viral reactivation. in the trigeminal ganglia, only tlr9 expression was significantly affected. the magnitude of the increase was lower in bohv-1-infected calves, suggesting that a restricted immune respo ... | 2014 | 25172667 |
| immune responses of mice against recombinant bovine herpesvirus 5 glycoprotein d. | glycoprotein d (gd) is essential for attachment and penetration of bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5) into permissive cells, and is a major target of the host immune system, inducing strong humoral and cellular immune responses. the aim of this study was to evaluate in mice the immunogenicity of recombinant bohv-5 gd (rgd5) expressed in pichia pastoris. vaccines formulated with rgd5 alone or adjuvanted with montanide 50 isa v2; emulsigen or emulsigen-dda was administered intramuscularly or subcutaneo ... | 2014 | 24657716 |
| synthetic aminomethylnaphthoquinones inhibit the in vitro replication of bovine herpesvirus 5. | bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) is an etiologic agent of meningoencephalitis in cattle. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antiviral potential of a series of synthetic mannich bases derived from lawsone and to investigate at which stage of the bohv-5 replicative cycle the compounds might be acting. the most potent and selective inhibitor exhibited cc50 and ec50 values of 1867 μm ± 8.3 and 3.8 μm ± 1.2, respectively (acv: 989 μm ± 2 and 166 μm ± 2, respectively). | 2014 | 24493066 |
| first report of bovine herpesvirus 5 in bull semen. | bohv-5 was detected in one of several extended semen samples from a healthy donor bull during routine virus screening. this was achieved by polymerase chain reaction assay (pcr) and virus isolation, with primary identification by the fluorescent antibody test. the isolated virus, b4180, was characterized by sequencing a cloned fragment of the gc gene and by restriction enzyme analysis (rea). the nucleotide sequence shared 99 % similarity with published sequences of bohv-5, and the rea showed tha ... | 2012 | 22622433 |
| selection and characterization of brivudin resistant bovine herpesvirus type 5. | bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) is the agent of meningoencephalitis, an important disease of cattle in south america. the neuropathogenesis of bohv-5 infection is poorly understood and most previous research focused on the role of envelope glicoproteins in neurovirulence. thymidine kinase (tk) is a viral enzyme necessary for virus replication in neurons and, therefore, represents a potential target for virus attenuation. the selection and characterization of bohv-5 variants resistant to the n ... | 2010 | 24031472 |
| expression of mir-155 associated with toll-like receptors 3, 7, and 9 transcription in the olfactory bulbs of cattle naturally infected with bhv5. | bovine herpesvirus 5 (bhv5) infection of young cattle is frequently associated with fatal neurological disease and, as such, represents an attractive model for studying the pathogenesis of viral-induced meningoencephalitis. following replication in the nasal mucosa, bhv5 invades the central nervous system (cns) mainly through the olfactory pathway. the innate immune response triggered by the host face to virus replication through the olfactory route is poorly understood. recently, an upregulatio ... | 2017 | 28831740 |
| programmed cell death-associated gene transcripts in bovine embryos exposed to bovine herpesvirus type 5. | in vitro-produced bovine embryos become infected after exposure to bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5), yet no changes in developmental rates, mitochondrial activity and inhibition of apoptosis are detected in comparison to unexposed embryos. thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the transcription of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis genes using taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction. transcripts of mcl-1, caspase-2, -3, apaf-1 and bax genes were measured after exposure to bohv-5 in ... | 2014 | 24334246 |
| bovine herpesvirus type 5 infection regulates bax/bcl-2 ratio. | bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5) is an α-herpesvirus that causes neurological disease in young cattle and is also occasionally involved in reproductive disorders. although there have been many studies of the apoptotic pathways induced by viruses belonging to the family herpesviridae, there is little information about the intrinsic programmed cell death pathway in host-bohv-5 interactions. we found that bohv-5 is able to replicate in both mesenchymal and epithelial cell lines, provoking cytopatholog ... | 2013 | 24085451 |
| development of an indirect elisa for serological diagnosis of bovine herpesvirus 5. | bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 (bohv-1 and bohv-5) are economically important pathogens, associated with a variety of clinical syndromes, including respiratory and genital disease, reproductive failure and meningoencephalitis. the standard serological assay to diagnose bohv-1 and bohv-5 infections is the virus neutralization test (vnt), a time consuming procedure that requires manipulation of infectious virus. in the present study a highly sensitive and specific single dilution indirect elisa was ... | 2016 | 26866923 |
| cellular response markers and cytokine gene expression in the central nervous system of cattle naturally infected with bovine herpesvirus 5. | the present study reports an investigation on the phenotype of inflammatory and immune cells, cytokine and viral gene expression in the brains of cattle naturally infected with bovine herpesvirus 5 (bhv5). brain sections of 38 affected animals were analysed for the nature and extent of perivascular cuffs in the virchow-robin space and parenchyma. histopathological changes were severe in the olfactory bulbs (obs), hippocampus, piriform, frontal, temporal and parietal cortices/lobes and were chara ... | 2016 | 27938713 |
| role of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (socs2) during meningoencephalitis caused by bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5). | the role of suppressors of cytokine signaling (socs) in meningoencephalitis caused by bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5) was evaluated by intracranial infection in c57bl/6 wild-type mice (wt) and socs2 deficient mice (socs2(-/-)). both infected groups presented weight loss, ruffled fur and hunched posture. additionally, infected socs2(-/-) mice showed swollen chamfer and progressive depression. infected wt animals developed mild meningitis, characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells. moreover ... | 2016 | 27477504 |
| ntpdase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in synaptosomes of rabbits experimentally infected with bohv-5. | bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) is the causative agent of herpetic meningoencephalitis in cattle. the purinergic system is described as a modulator of the immune response and neuroinflammation. these functions are related to the extracellular nucleotides concentration. ntpdase and 5'-nucleotidase are enzymes responsible for controlling the extracellular concentration of adenosine triphosphate (atp), adenosine diphosphate (adp), adenosine monophosphate (amp), and adenosine (ado). the aim of th ... | 2015 | 26025330 |
| identification of a novel herpesvirus associated with a penile proliferative lesion in a beluga (delphinapterus leucas). | the carcass of an adult male beluga (delphinapterus leucas) was found beach cast in 2008 on the shore of the st. lawrence estuary at rivière-ouelle, quebec, canada. the carcass was transported to the faculté de médecine vétérinaire of the université de montréal for postmortem examination. aspiration pneumonia was the probable cause of death. necropsy revealed a focal papilloma-like penile lesion, characterized by focal mucosal thickening with disorganization of the epithelial layers and lymphopl ... | 2015 | 25375944 |
| inhibition of apoptosis in bhv-1-infected cells depends on us3 serine/threonine kinase and its enzymatic activity. | us3 protein is a serine/threonine kinase conserved within the alphaherpesvirinae subfamily of herpesviruses. the us3 homologs of herpes simplex virus, pseudorabies virus, and bovine herpesvirus type 5 have been shown to block apoptosis triggered by viral infection or exogenous inducers. to determine whether these characteristics are shared by bovine herpesvirus type 1 us3, we constructed two viral mutants: bhv-1 us3 deletion mutant (bhv-1δus3) and a kinase-dead mutant (bhv-1kd). flow cytometry a ... | 2018 | 29073463 |
| evidence of natural interspecific recombinant viruses between bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5. | closely related bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5) co-circulate in certain countries, rendering cattle co-infection possible. this is a prerequisite for bohv recombination. here, we report the first identification of homologous recombination between field isolates of bohv-1 and bohv-5, two alphaherpesviruses belonging to two distinct species with an average genomic similarity of 82.3%. three isolates of bohv-5, previously classified as subtype "bohv-5b", were phylogenetically st ... | 2017 | 28963062 |
| probiotics bacillus toyonensis and saccharomyces boulardii improve the vaccine immune response to bovine herpesvirus type 5 in sheep. | there have been significant efforts toward the development of more efficient vaccines for animal health. a strategy that may be used to improve vaccine efficacy is the use of probiotics. bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5) is an example of an important animal pathogen for which vaccines have provided only limited protection. in this study, we examined the use of the probiotics bacillus toyonensis and saccharomyces boulardii as a potential immune modulator to improve vaccine efficiency. thirty, 5-month ... | 2017 | 29331687 |
| the immune modulation of bacillus cereus var. toyoi in mice immunized with experimental inactivated bovine herpesvirus type 5 vaccine. | in recent years, there been significant progress toward develop more efficient vaccines. different compounds with adjuvant capacity have been tested; however, no compound has emerged that suitable for universal use. several efforts have been made to produce effective vaccines against bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5), an important cattle pathogen. in this study we examine the use the probiotic bacillus cereus var. toyoi as a potential adjuvant to improve bohv-5 vaccine efficacy. we observed in the s ... | 2012 | 22285271 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of brazilian plants (maytenus ilicifolia and aniba rosaeodora) against bovine herpesvirus type 5 and avian metapneumovirus. | medicinal plants are well known for their use in traditional folk medicine as treatments for many diseases including infectious diseases. | 2012 | 22873798 |
| bacillus toyonensis improves immune response in the mice vaccinated with recombinant antigen of bovine herpesvirus type 5. | probiotics modulate the immune response and can increase the effectiveness of vaccines. bacillus toyonensis is widely used as a probiotic in animal feed. the aim of this study was to assess the effects of b. toyonensis administration on the immune response to an experimental recombinant vaccine against bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) in mice. mice were vaccinated with bohv-5 recombinant glycoprotein d and supplemented with the probiotic b. toyonensis in two regimes: one group received the pro ... | 2018 | 29022386 |
| susceptibility of mice to bovine herpesvirus type 5 infection in the central nervous system. | bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) is an important pathogen that causes meningoencephalitis in cattle. few studies have used the mouse as a model for bohv-5 infection. despite the fact that bohv-5 can infect mice with immune deficiencies, little is known about viral replication, immune response, and the course of infection in the central nervous system (cns) of wild-type mice. therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the response in the cns of balb/c mice acutely infected with bohv-5 at ... | 2017 | 28942490 |