| genome of bovine herpesvirus 5. | here we present the complete genomic sequence of bovine herpesvirus 5 (bhv-5), an alphaherpesvirus responsible for fatal meningoencephalitis in cattle. the 138390-bp genome encodes 70 putative proteins and resembles the alpha2 subgroup of herpesviruses in genomic organization and gene content. bhv-5 is very similar to bhv-1, the etiological agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, as reflected by the high level of amino acid identity in their protein repertoires (average, 82%). the highest si ... | 2003 | 12970418 |
| [the role of virus infections in bovine mastitis]. | mastitis is an often occurring disease in dairy cattle with an enormous economic impact for milk producers worldwide. despite intensive research, which is historically based on the detection of bacterial udder pathogens, still around 20-35% of clinical cases of bovine mastitis have an unknown aetiology. due to the high number of unknown causes of clinical mastitis, studies were undertaken to gain more insight into the role of viruses in this important disease. this review deals with the role of ... | 2002 | 12125163 |
| interaction of a green recombinant bovine herpesvirus 4 with in vitro-produced bovine embryos. | the objective of the present study was to assess whether bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) is able to infect in vitro-produced bovine embryos. a green recombinant bhv-4 (bhv-4egfp deltatk), obtained by insertion of an egfp gene into the tk locus of bhv-4, was used. the presence of this marker protein made it possible easily to detect infected cells under physiological conditions, without harmful manipulation of the cells or the addition of exogenous substrates, so that the spread of the virus could b ... | 2003 | 14509456 |
| distribution of bovine herpesvirus type 5 dna in the central nervous systems of latently, experimentally infected calves. | bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) is an alphaherpesvirus associated with meningoencephalitis, a disease highly prevalent in south america. in this study, we investigated the distribution of bhv-5 dna in the brains of latently, experimentally infected calves by using a pcr for the glycoprotein b gene. twelve calves inoculated intranasally with a brazilian bhv-5 isolate were divided into two groups: group a calves (n = 4) were euthanized 55 days postinoculation (p.i.) for tissue collection; group ... | 2003 | 14532175 |
| bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5) in bull semen: amplification and sequence analysis of the us4 gene. | bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5), which is potentially neuropathogenic, was detected in clinical samples of bovine semen, both directly and after isolation in cell culture, using a nested pcr system for amplifying the us4 gene. nucleotide sequences generated from the amplicons were analysed and deposited at genbank (ncbi, bethesda, md, usa) under the accession numbers af298174 and af330157. alignment of these sequences and previously deposited sequences of bohv-1 and bohv-5 showed 82% and 98% ... | 2003 | 14582748 |
| mucin biosynthesis: bovine c2gnt-m gene, tissue-specific expression, and herpes virus-4 homologue. | mucin glycans are the major determinant of mucin functions. mucin glycan branch structures, which increase structural heterogeneity and thus functional potential, are extended from beta6 n-acetylglucosaminides formed by beta6 n-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (beta6gnt). core 2 beta6gnt-m (c2gnt-m) is the only branching enzyme that can synthesize all known mucin beta6 n-acetylglucosaminides. we report the cloning of four different bovine (b) c2gnt-m transcripts that are different only at 5'-untra ... | 2004 | 14592928 |
| a bovine macrophage cell line supports bovine herpesvirus-4 persistent infection. | although bovine herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4), a gammaherpesvirus lacking a clear disease association, has been demonstrated in many tissues during persistent bhv-4 infection, a likely site of virus persistence is in cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. to establish an in vitro model of persistent infection potentially useful for examining the molecular mechanisms of bhv-4 persistence/latency, we infected the bovine macrophage cell line bomac. following extensive cell death, surviving cells were fo ... | 2001 | 11297693 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus 4 glycoprotein b and thymidine kinase dna by pcr assays in bovine milk. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to detect bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv4) glycoprotein b (gb) dna, and a nested-pcr assay was modified for the detection of bhv4 thymidine kinase (tk) dna in bovine milk samples. to identify false-negative pcr results, internal control templates were constructed, added to milk samples, and co-amplified with viral dna using the same primers for both templates. specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility of the two pcr assays were examined. in bo ... | 2001 | 11483221 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to a brazilian bovine herpesvirus type 5. | antigens of a bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5), isolated from a cow with a neurological infection in rio grande do sul state, brazil, were used to immunize balb/c mice to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs). eleven hybridomas secreting mabs directed at bhv-5 antigens were obtained after two fusions and screening of 356 hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine-resistant clones. the mabs reacted at dilutions up to 1:500 (hybridoma culture supernatant) and up to >1:10,000 (ascitic fluid) in an indirect ... | 2004 | 14762576 |
| improved antigenic methods for differential diagnosis of bovine, caprine, and cervine alphaherpesviruses related to bovine herpesvirus 1. | the control of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis induced by bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) requires sensitive and specific diagnostic assays. as bohv-1 is antigenically and genetically related to four other alphaherpesviruses of ruminants-namely, bohv-5, caprine herpesvirus 1 (cphv-1), cervine herpesvirus 1 (cvhv-1) and cvhv-2-diagnostic tests able to discriminate bohv-1 from these related viruses are needed to avoid misdiagnosis, especially because some of these viruses are able to cross the spe ... | 2004 | 15004081 |
| a glycine-rich bovine herpesvirus 5 (bhv-5) ge-specific epitope within the ectodomain is important for bhv-5 neurovirulence. | the bovine herpesvirus 5 (bhv-5) ge ectodomain contains a glycine-rich epitope coding region (ge5 epitope), residues 204 to 218, that is significantly different from the corresponding ge region of bhv-1. deletion of the ge epitope significantly reduced the neurovirulence of bhv-5 in rabbits. pulse-chase analyses revealed that the epitope-deleted and wild-type ge were synthesized as n-glycosylated endoglycosidase h-sensitive precursors with approximate molecular masses of 85 kda and 86 kda, respe ... | 2004 | 15078962 |
| development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the differentiation of bovine herpesvirus-1 and -5. | bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and bovine herpesvirus-5 (bhv-5) are closely related viruses which exhibit some important differences at the genetic and immunogenic levels which may explain the differences in their pathogenicity and epidemiological characteristics. a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) was developed to detect and differentiate between bhv-1 and bhv-5. in this m-pcr two pairs of primers (tk1, tk2 and gd1, gd2) were used in the same reaction mix to amplify a thymidine kinase ... | 2001 | 11708680 |
| latent infection by bovine herpesvirus type-5 in experimentally infected rabbits: virus reactivation, shedding and recrudescence of neurological disease. | latent infection with bovine herpesvirus type-5 (bhv-5) was established in rabbits inoculated with two south american isolates (evi-88 and 613) by intranasal or conjunctival routes. nine rabbits (613, 8/27; evi-88, 1/34) developed neurological disease and died during acute infection and other three (613, n=2; evi-88, n=1) developed a delayed neurological disease, at days 34, 41 and 56 post-inoculation (p.i.). between days 56 and 62 p.i., the remaining rabbits were submitted to five daily adminis ... | 2002 | 11750137 |
| potential of bovine herpesvirus 4 as a gene delivery vector. | a cloning system was developed for construction of bhv-4 recombinants and recombinant virus bhv-4egfpdeltatk containing an enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene was constructed. the host range of bhv-4egfpdeltatk was characterized in vitro. when cell lines from various species and tissues were infected, most of the non-bovine cell lines exhibited neither cytopathic effect (cpe) nor supported viral replication, but egfp expression was clearly observed. next, embryonic stem cells were inf ... | 2002 | 11849683 |
| in the absence of glycoprotein i (gi), ge determines bovine herpesvirus type 5 neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence. | bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes fatal encephalitis in calves. envelope glycoproteins e (ge) and gi of alphaherpesviruses are important for the pathogenesis in vivo. previously the authors determined that bhv-5 ge is important for bhv-5 neurovirulence. to determine the role of gi in bhv-5 neurovirulence, the authors have constructed gi-deleted and gi-revertant bhv-5 and analyzed their neuropathogenic properties in a rabbit seizure model. following intranasal i ... | 2004 | 15371153 |
| [retrospective analysis of cases with a diagnosis of cerebrocortical necrosis and its relation with type 5 bovine herpesvirus]. | in order to demonstrate the association of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) and cerebrocortical necrosis (ccn), 89 such cases were examined in cattle from three regions of buenos aires province, argentina, registered between 1970-1999. hematoxylin-eosin staining and bhv-5 in situ hybridization were performed on paraffin-embedded neural tissues. the severity of microscopic lesions was scored according to a 0-3 scale. morbidity, mortality and lethality rates between groups depending on age and re ... | 2003 | 12920986 |
| primary infection, latency, and reactivation of bovine herpesvirus type 5 in the bovine nervous system. | bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) infection in calves causes meningoencephalitis, a fatal disease highly prevalent in south america. to study the pathogenesis of bhv-5 infection in cattle, 12 calves (group 1: acute infection) and 11 calves (group 2: latent infection) were intranasally inoculated with an argentinean bhv-5 isolate at 10(8) and 10(4.7) tissue culture infective doses, respectively; six calves (control group) were mock infected. at 3 months postinoculation, all of the calves in group ... | 2002 | 12126146 |
| rapid detection and differentiation of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 glycoprotein c gene in clinical specimens by multiplex-pcr. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex-pcr) to detect and differentiate bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5) was developed using primers for the gene sequence that encodes the glycoprotein c. the technique was assessed against the bohv-1 and bohv-5 cell culture adapted strains, and clinical samples collected from animals with clinical signs of bohv-1 (n = 10) or bohv-5 (n = 7) infection and with diagnosis confirmed by virus isolation in cell culture and semi-nested pcr. fifteen ... | 2005 | 15939490 |
| neurovirulence of glycoprotein c(gc)-deleted bovine herpesvirus type-5 (bhv-5) and bhv-5 expressing bhv-1 gc in a rabbit seizure model. | herpesvirus glycoprotein c (gc) is one of the major virus attachment proteins. bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) causes respiratory and genital diseases in cattle, whereas bhv-5 causes acute meningoencephalitis in calves. the gc gene sequence of these two viruses are substantially different. to determine the contribution of the bhv-5 glycoprotein gc (gc5) to the neuropathogenesis of bhv-5, we have constructed two bhv-5 recombinants: gc-deleted bhv-5 (bhv-5gcdelta) and bhv-5 expressing bhv1 gc (b ... | 2000 | 10951552 |
| pcr detection of bovine herpesviruses from nonbovine ruminants in hungary. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to test six different nonbovine ruminant species for five bovine herpesviruses including infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bohv-1), bovine herpes mammillitis virus (bohv-2), movar-type herpesvirus (bohv-4), bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5), and alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (alhv-1). species tested included 56 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 66 red deer (cervus elaphus), 20 fallow deer (dama dama), 16 mouflon (ovis musimon), 34 domestic sheep, and 44 ... | 2005 | 16244057 |
| partial protection induced by a bhv-1 recombinant vaccine against challenge with bhv-5. | bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) is the causative agent of bovine herpetic encephalitis, a major concern for cattle farming in brazil and argentina. we recently developed a differential, ge-negative vaccine (265 ge-), based on a brazilian bhv-1 strain. the present study was carried out to examine whether such a vaccine would confer protection to bhv-5 infections. it was concluded that the recombinant bhv-1 vaccine tested here is not capable of conferring full protection to bhv-5 challenge. | 2004 | 15604501 |
| bovine herpesvirus 4-associated postpartum metritis in a spanish dairy herd. | in more than 10 spanish dairy cows, a bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv4) associated postpartum metritis was confirmed by virus isolation, bhv4-glycoprotein b (gb) pcr and/or serology. in this study, 12 cows with, and, at the time of sampling, 3 cows without clinical signs of acute postpartum metritis from one large dairy herd in spain were examined for bacterial and viral infections. blood, placenta/caruncles and uterine contents were collected between day 1 and day 20 post-calving, and examined for th ... | 2006 | 15946713 |
| vaccination with a ge-negative bovine herpesvirus type 1 vaccine confers insufficient protection to a bovine herpesvirus type 5 challenge. | in the present study, cross-protection to bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) induced by bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) vaccination was examined following inoculation of rabbits and calves with a glycoprotein e (ge)-negative bhv-1 vaccine and subsequent challenge with bhv-5. rabbits (n=5) and calves (n=8) were vaccinated [five rabbits intranasally (in), four calves in and four intramuscularly (im)] with 7.1 log(10)median tissue culture infective dose (tcid(50)) of the bhv-1 vaccine. rabbits and ... | 2006 | 16480790 |
| dexamethasone-induced reactivation of bovine herpesvirus type 5 latent infection in experimentally infected rabbits results in a broader distribution of latent viral dna in the brain. | bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) is a major agent of meningoencephalitis in cattle and establishes latent infections mainly in sensory nerve ganglia. the distribution of latent bhv-5 dna in the brain of rabbits prior to and after virus reactivation was studied using a nested pcr. fifteen rabbits inoculated intranasally with bhv-5 were euthanized 60 days post-inoculation (group a, n = 8) or submitted to dexamethasone treatment (2.6 mg kg(-1) day(-1), im, for 5 days) and euthanized 60 days later ... | 2006 | 16501813 |
| experimental infection of calves with a gi, ge, us9 negative bovine herpesvirus type 5. | in this work, a role for the genes encoding glycoproteins i (gi) and e (ge) and the us9 protein of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) in neuropathogenicity and reactivation of latent infections was examined. calves infected intranasally with a gi/ge/us9 deleted recombinant shed up to 10(2.85) tcid50/ml infectious virus in nasal secretions. calves infected with the wild type bhv-5 parental virus shed up to 10(5) tcid50/ml virus. no signs of disease were observed in calves infected with the recombi ... | 2005 | 15857658 |
| trypsin treatment of bovine embryos after in vitro exposure to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus or bovine herpesvirus-4. | the objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of trypsin treatment for the removal/inactivation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) adhering to zona pellucida-intact (zp-i) bovine embryos and to determine if bovine herpesvirus-4 (bhv-4) adheres to zp-i bovine embryos. when adherence of bhv-4 was demonstrated, an additional objective was to determine whether trypsin treatment removes or inactivates this virus. a total of 139 zp-i embryos was collected from superovulated ... | 1990 | 16726850 |
| ruminant alphaherpesviruses related to bovine herpesvirus 1. | herpesviruses have mainly co-evolved with their hosts for millions of years. consequently, different related host species may have been infected by various genetically related herpesviruses. illustrating this concept, several ruminant alphaherpesviruses have been shown to form a cluster of viruses closely related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1): namely bovine herpesvirus 5, bubaline herpesvirus 1, caprine herpesvirus 1, cervid herpesviruses 1 and 2 and elk herpesvirus 1. these viruses share com ... | 2006 | 16472518 |
| characterization of field bovine herpesvirus samples using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd). | bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) are members of the family herpesviridae, subfamily alphaherpesvirinae. although bohv-1 and bohv-5 are closely related viruses (their genomes share 85% similarity), they exhibit some important differences at the genetic level which may explain the differences in their pathogenicity and epidemiological characteristics. bovine herpesvirus 5 is a neurovirulent virus that causes fatal meningoencephalitis in calves and has been described ... | 2007 | 17126417 |
| acute and latent infection by bovine herpesvirus type 5 in experimentally infected goats. | the ability of alphaherpesviruses to infect different ruminant species may have important implications for control/eradication efforts. serological data indicate that goats may be naturally infected with bovine herpesviruses. to investigate the susceptibility of goats to bovine herpesvirus-5 (bohv-5), 3-4-month-old kids were inoculated intranasally with each of three brazilian bohv-5 isolates (g1, n=8; g2, n=5; g3, n=5). the acute infection was characterized by virus shedding in nasal secretions ... | 2007 | 17267142 |
| adjuvant effect of green propolis on humoral immune response of bovines immunized with bovine herpesvirus type 5. | despite recent technological advances in vaccine production, most vaccines depend on the association with adjuvant substances. in this study, propolis, which has been attracting the attention of researchers due to its bioactive properties, was evaluated as an immunological adjuvant. the association of 40mg/dose of an ethanolic extract of green propolis with an inactivated oil vaccine against bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5), resulted in a significant increase (p<0.01) in the neutralizing antib ... | 2007 | 17275918 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus type 5 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded bovine brain by pcr: a useful adjunct to conventional tissue-based diagnostic test of bovine encephalitis. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the application of pcr technique for the detection of bohv-5 in routinely formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissues in 20 naturally infected calves affected by fatal meningoencephalitis. brains were divided into two halves, one kept fresh for virus isolation and pcr assay, targeting the glycoprotein c gene from bohv-5 genome. the other half brain, corresponding to posterior cortex region, was submitted to formalin fixation and embedded into paraffin bl ... | 2007 | 17804088 |
| the us9 gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) effectively complements a us9-null strain of bhv-5 for anterograde transport, neurovirulence, and neuroinvasiveness in a rabbit model. | the alphaherpesvirus envelope protein us9 is a type ii viral membrane protein that is required for anterograde spread of bovine herpesvirus 5 (bhv-5) infection from the olfactory receptor neurons to the brain. in a rabbit seizure model, us9-deleted bhv-5 failed to invade the central nervous system (cns) following intranasal infection. however, when injected directly into the olfactory bulb, retrograde-spread infection from the olfactory bulb (ob) to the piriform cortex and other areas connected ... | 2006 | 16611899 |
| a simple method of infecting rabbits with bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5. | this report describes an alternative technique to inoculate rabbits and to reproduce infection by bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5. first, the nostrils are anaesthetized by aspersion with local anaesthetic. a few seconds later, and after proving the insensitivity of the zone, the rabbits are put on their back legs with their nostrils upwards and the inoculum is introduced slowly into each nostril by using disposable droppers. clinical signs, viral isolation from nasal swabs, histological lesions found ... | 2008 | 18423632 |
| interspecific recombination between two ruminant alphaherpesviruses, bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5. | homologous recombination between different species of alphaherpesviruses has been described between herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 but has not yet been observed between other alphaherpesviruses. in the present study we chose to assess to what extent in vitro recombination can occur between members of a well-defined group of closely related viruses such as ruminant alphaherpesviruses. at 24 h after infection of epithelial bovine kidney cells with a double-deleted mutant of bovine herpesvirus 1 (b ... | 2004 | 15331717 |
| bovine herpesvirus 5 induces an overproduction of nitric oxide in the brain of rabbits that correlates with virus dissemination and precedes the development of neurological signs. | we herein report an investigation of nitric oxide (no) levels, a candidate molecule for neuronal toxicity and dysfunction, in the brain of rabbits during experimental neurological infection by bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5). spectrophotometry for no products (no(2) and no(3)) revealed that no levels were significantly increased (f(4, 40) = 3.33; p <.02) in several regions of the brain of rabbits with neurological disease, correlating with moderate to high bohv-5 titers. immunohistochemistry of br ... | 2009 | 19115129 |
| biology of bovine herpesvirus 5. | bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5) is an alphaherpesvirus responsible for meningoencephalitis in young cattle and is closely antigenically and genetically related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1). both viruses have common aspects in their pathogenesis: (1) they infect epithelial cells at the portal of entry and (2) they establish a latent infection in the sensory nerve ganglia, i.e., the trigeminal ganglia. however, they have different neuroinvasion and neurovirulence capacities. only in rare cases c ... | 2010 | 19409823 |
| characterization of interspecific recombinants generated from closely related bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 through multiple pcr sequencing assays. | bovine herpesviruses 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5) are closely related alphaherpesviruses infecting cattle. in countries where both viruses circulate, co-infection of cattle is likely. it was shown that recombination occurs at a high frequency in cattle infected dually with two bohv-1 mutants. in addition, interspecific recombinants are generated in cell culture co-infected with bohv-1 and bohv-5. even if the process of interspecific recombination appears inefficient relative to intraspecific recomb ... | 2009 | 19501619 |
| cloning and expression of a truncated form of envelope glycoprotein d of bovine herpesvirus type 5 in methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. | meningoencephalitis caused by bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) is responsible for heavy economic losses in the cattle industry. as in other alphaherpesviruses, the envelope glycoprotein iv (gd), which mediates penetration into host cells, is one of the major candidate antigens for a recombinant vaccine, since it induces a strong and persistent immune response. the dna coding for a truncated form of bohv-5 gd (tgd) has been cloned into the pichia pastoris expression vector ppiczalphab to allow ... | 2009 | 19501621 |
| virological and serological evidence of bovine herpesvirus type 4 in cattle in northern ireland. | bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4), a member of the genus rhadinovirus, subfamily gammaherpesvirinae, within the family herpesviridae, was isolated in fetal bovine lung cells from samples of vaginal discharge taken from a dairy herd in which approximately 50 per cent of the cattle developed metritis after calving. the identity of the isolate was confirmed by immunofluorescent staining with a bhv-4-specific monoclonal antibody and partial sequencing of a portion of the glycoprotein b gene. serolog ... | 2005 | 16258133 |
| infertility and venereal disease in cattle inseminated with semen containing bovine herpesvirus type 5. | a group of 20 cows and heifers experienced poor conception rates and probable ovarian dysfunction after being artificially inseminated. when first examined, some showed signs of vulvovaginitis, with pustular, ulcerative lesions consistent with a herpesvirus infection. they had had no contact with bulls during the current breeding season. bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) was isolated from samples of frozen semen from the batch that had been used for the artificial insemination programme. bhv-5 w ... | 2009 | 19633324 |
| a novel in situ polymerase chain reaction hybridisation assay for the direct detection of bovine herpesvirus type 5 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. | an in situ polymerase chain reaction (is-pcr) hybridisation assay was carried out on the brains of 20 cattle infected naturally with bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5). sections from the olfactory bulb and the frontal cortex of each sample were analysed using is-pcr followed by hybridisation targeting the bohv-5 us9 gene using a biotinylated primer. each of the is-pcr and hybridisation steps was optimised, and three different methods for detecting the virus were used. no false positive signals w ... | 2010 | 19917316 |
| neutralizing antibodies to bovine herpesvirus types 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5) and its subtypes. | this study was carried out to determine whether the sensitivity of serum neutralization (sn) tests would be affected by the use of distinct subtypes of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5) as test challenge viruses. bovine sera collected from a randomized sample (n=287) were tested in a 24h incubation sn against three type 1 viruses (bohv-1.1 strains "los angeles" (la) and "evi 123"; bohv-1.2a strain "sv 265") and three type 5 viruses (bohv-5a strain "evi 88"; bohv-5b strain "a 663" and ... | 2010 | 19926411 |
| a bovine herpesvirus 5 recombinant defective in the thymidine kinase (tk) gene and a double mutant lacking tk and the glycoprotein e gene are fully attenuated for rabbits. | bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5), the agent of herpetic meningoencephalitis in cattle, is an important pathogen of cattle in south america and several efforts have been made to produce safer and more effective vaccines. in the present study, we investigated in rabbits the virulence of three recombinant viruses constructed from a neurovirulent brazilian bohv-5 strain (sv507/99). the recombinants are defective in glycoprotein e (bohv-5gedelta), thymidine kinase (bohv-5tkdelta) and both proteins (bohv ... | 2010 | 20027480 |
| bovine herpesvirus 5 bicp0 complements the bovine herpesvirus 1 homolog. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) and bohv-5 are closely related (82% amino acid identity) but differ strongly in neuropathogenesis. the immediate-early gene for bicp0 is less conserved (70% amino acid identity) and may contribute to a dissimilar phenotype. a peculiar difference is a guanosine hexamer in the bicp0-1 gene which aligns with only five guanosines in the bicp0-5 gene and therefore results in a frameshift in the latter open reading frame. thus, the c-terminal amino acid sequence (residues ... | 2010 | 20211531 |
| glycoprotein d of bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5) confers an extended host range to bohv-1 but does not contribute to invasion of the brain. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) and bohv-5 are closely related pathogens of cattle, but only bohv-5 is considered a neuropathogen. we engineered intertypic gd exchange mutants with bohv-1 and bohv-5 backbones in order to address their in vitro and in vivo host ranges, with particular interest in invasion of the brain. the new viruses replicated in cell culture with similar dynamics and to titers comparable to those of their wild-type parents. however, gd of bohv-5 (gd5) was able to interact with a ... | 2010 | 20219909 |
| isolation of bovine herpesvirus type 5 from the semen of a healthy bull in australia. | artificial insemination is widely used in the cattle industry and a major challenge is to ensure that semen is free of infectious agents. a healthy donor bull was tested for freedom from infectious agents. a bovine herpesvirus was isolated in testis cells and identified as bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) by polymerase chain reaction and by direct amplicon sequencing. the amplicon sequence shared 100% similarity with the published sequence of bohv-5. this is the first report in australia of bo ... | 2010 | 20402691 |
| a comparative analysis of envelope and tegument proteins of suid herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine herpesvirus 5. | the aim of this study was to analyze the disordered regions (drs) in the envelope and tegument proteins of three closely related herpesviruses: bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 5 and suid herpesvirus 1. tegument proteins showed a greater percentage of drs than the envelope proteins did. regions of disorder were found in the less conserved portions of the proteins, n-terminal and c-terminal regions, and, in a few cases, functionally important sites. the presence of drs is an important fac ... | 2010 | 20607317 |
| apoptotic and developmental effects of bovine herpesvirus type-5 infection on in vitro-produced bovine embryos. | bovine herpesvirus type-5 (bohv-5), which is potentially neuropathogenic, was recently described to be related with reproductive disorders in cows. the objective was to elucidate mechanisms involved in propagation of bohv-5 in embryonic cells. for this purpose, bovine embryos produced in vitro were assayed for apoptotic markers after experimental infection of oocytes, in vitro fertilization, and development. host dna fragmentation was detected with a tunel assay, expression of annexin-v was meas ... | 2010 | 20688374 |
| isolation and characterisation of a ruminant alphaherpesvirus closely related to bovine herpesvirus 1 in a free-ranging red deer. | the genus varicellovirus of the herpesviridae subfamily alphaherpesvirinae includes a cluster of viruses antigenically and genetically related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1): namely bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5), bubaline herpesvirus 1 (buhv-1), caprine herpesvirus 1 (cphv-1), cervid herpesviruses 1 (cvhv-1) and 2 (cvhv-2) and elk herpesvirus 1 (elkhv-1). considering the serological relationship between these ruminant alphaherpesviruses, several surveys have studied the occurrence of bohv-1 re ... | 2007 | 17903260 |
| efficacy of an inactivated, recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) vaccine. | bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) is the causative agent of bovine herpetic encephalitis. in countries where bohv-5 is prevalent, attempts to vaccinate cattle to prevent clinical signs from bohv-5-induced disease have relied essentially on vaccination with bohv-1 vaccines. however, such practice has been shown not to confer full protection to bohv-5 challenge. in the present study, an inactivated, oil adjuvanted vaccine prepared with a recombinant bohv-5 from which the genes coding for glycopro ... | 2011 | 20828945 |
| immunohistochemical approach to the pathogenesis of clinical cases of bovine herpesvirus type 5 infections. | meningoencephalitis by herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) in cattle has some features that are similar to those of herpetic encephalitis in humans and other animal species. human herpesvirus 3 (commonly known as varicella-zoster virus 1), herpes simplex viruses (hsv), and equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) induce an intense inflammatory, vascular and cellular response. in spite of the many reports describing the histological lesions associated with natural and experimental infections, the immunopathological m ... | 2010 | 20831786 |
| neurological disease in cattle in southern brazil associated with bovine herpesvirus infection. | the occurrence of neurological disease in cattle caused by bovine herpesvirus in 11 farms from southern brazil between 1987 and 2007 is described. twenty-two animals were necropsied. major clinical signs included excessive salivation, nasal and ocular discharge, circling, recumbency, depression, incoordination, grinding of teeth, and paddling movements. necropsy findings in 10 of 22 cattle included hyperemia and softening of the rostral portions of the telencephalic cortex, with flattening of gy ... | 2008 | 18460624 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 icp27 regulates expression of a variant, secreted form of glycoprotein c by an intron retention mechanism. | we previously showed that herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) immediate-early (ie) protein icp27 can posttranscriptionally stimulate mrna accumulation from a transfected viral late gene encoding glycoprotein c (gc) (k. d. perkins, j. gregonis, s. borge, and s. a. rice, j. virol. 77:9872-9884, 2003). we began this study by asking whether icp27 homologs from other herpesviruses can also mediate this activity. although the homologs from varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ... | 2008 | 18495765 |
| high prevalence of co-infections with bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 found in cattle in southern brazil. | based on small scale studies or on little sensitive serological tests, bovines in the south of the state of rio grande do sul, brazil, are known to be infected with either bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) or 5 (bohv-5). however, whether the prevalence of each of these viruses is high or low is currently still unknown. in order to determine the extent of bohv (-1 and/or -5) infections in bovines in this region of brazil, 200 bovines were studied for the presence of bohv dna. to this end, first a qua ... | 2009 | 19560292 |
| characterization of a bovine herpesvirus 4(bhv-4) 1.1-kb rna and its transactivation by bhv-4 immediate-early 2 gene product. | we determined the structure of a 1.1-kb cytoplasmic polyadenylated rna transcribed from a region of the bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) genome not conserved among gammaherpesviruses by sequencing its cdna, by s1 nuclease analysis, and by primer extension analysis. we found that the rna consists of a short, approximately 193-nucleotide (nt), 5' exon spliced to a 799-nt 3' exon and contains two short (53 and 57 codons) overlapping open reading frames (orfs). the 53-codon orf was previously designated ... | 1998 | 9930195 |
| glycoprotein e (ge) specified by bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) enables trans-neuronal virus spread and neurovirulence without being a structural component of enveloped virions. | bovine herpesvirus 5 (bhv-5) is a neurovirulent alpha-herpesvirus that causes fatal encephalitis in calves. we previously demonstrated that deletion of a glycine-rich epitope in the ge ectodomain dramatically reduced bhv-5 neurovirulence. to investigate the role of ge cytoplasmic tail sequences in the neuropathogenesis of bhv-5 in rabbits, we constructed a bhv-5ge recombinant virus with a short residual cytoplasmic domain lacking the yxxl motifs and the acidic (bhv-5geam480). in vitro, bhv-5geam ... | 2007 | 17477950 |
| bull semen variables after experimental exposure with bovine herpesvirus type 5. | the influence of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) infection on semen variables and sperm morphology collected from healthy bulls with no reproductive disorder was evaluated in ten ejaculates distributed into two experimental groups: group i, bull semen exposed to 10(2.3) (tissue culture infectious dose) tcid(50)/50 µl of a brazilian strain of bohv-5 (us9/br/2007; gu9457818) and group ii, unexposed bull control semen. after experimental infection, the semen was frozen-thawed prior to computeriz ... | 2011 | 21353404 |
| detection and differentiation of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 using a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. | a multiplex real-time pcr was developed for the detection and differentiation of two closely related bovine herpesviruses 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5). the multiplex real-time pcr combines a duplex real-time pcr that targets the dna polymerase gene of bohv-1 and bohv-5 and a real-time pcr targeting mitochondrial dna, as a house-keeping gene, described previously by cawthraw et al. (2009). the assay correctly identified 22 bohv-1 and six bohv-5 isolates from the biosecurity sciences laboratory virus ... | 2011 | 21540057 |
| in vitro-generated interspecific recombinants between bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 show attenuated replication characteristics and establish latency in the natural host. | abstract: background: interspecific recombinant viruses r1deltagc and r2deltagi were isolated after in vitro co-infection with bohv-1 and bohv-5, two closely related alphaherpesviruses that infect cattle. the genetic characterization of r1deltagc and r2deltagi showed that they are composed of different sections of the parental genomes. the aim of this study was the characterization of the in vivo behavior of these recombinants in the natural host. results: four groups of four 3-month-old calves ... | 2011 | 21592326 |
| dry-heat treatment process for enhancing viral safety of an antihemophilic factor viii concentrate prepared from human plasma. | viral safety is a prerequisite for manufacturing clinical antihemophilic factor viii concentrates from human plasma. with particular regard to the hepatitis a virus (hav), a terminal dry-heat treatment (100 degrees for 30 min) process, following lyophilization, was developed to improve the virus safety of a solvent/detergent-treated antihemophilic factor viii concentrate. the loss of factor viii activity during dry-heat treatment was of about 5%. no substantial changes were observed in the physi ... | 2008 | 18633304 |
| effect of the us3 protein of bovine herpesvirus 5 on the actin cytoskeleton and apoptosis. | the us3 protein is a unique protein kinase only present in the alphaherpesvirinae subfamily of the herpesviruses. studies performed with several alphaherpesviruses demonstrated that the us3 protein is involved in cytoskeleton modifications during viral infection and displays anti-apoptotic activity. however, the us3 protein of bohv-5 has not been studied up to now. as reported for other alphaherpesviruses, our results showed that bohv-5 us3 confers resistance against apoptosis and induces cytosk ... | 2011 | 21665386 |
| the involvement of oxidative stress in bovine herpesvirus type 4-mediated apoptosis. | bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) belongs to the gamma-2-herpesviruses of the gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. bhv-4 has a worldwide distribution and has been isolated in a variety of clinical diseases as well as from healthy cattle. in this report we demonstrate that bhv-4 induces apoptosis in mdbk cells. in the early phases of apoptosis, cells show an increase in the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species, which is indicative of oxidative stress. this precedes dna fragmentation, a hallmar ... | 2004 | 15353273 |
| characterization of bohv-5 field strains circulation and report of transient specific subtype of bovine herpesvirus 5 in argentina. | bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5) is a member of the subfamily alphaherpesvirinae responsible for meningo-encephalitis in young cattle. the first case of bovine meningo-encephalitis associated with a herpesvirus infection was reported in australia. the current geographical distribution of bohv-5 infection is mainly restricted to south america, especially brazil and argentina. outbreaks of bohv-5 are regularly observed in argentina suggesting the circulation of the virus in the bovine population. | 2011 | 21299866 |
| comparative study on the in vitro and in vivo properties of two bovine herpesvirus-5 reference strains. | bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5) is an alphaherpesvirus responsible for meningoencephalitis in young cattle and it is antigenically and genetically related to bovine herpesvirus 1. bohv-5 outbreaks are sporadic and restricted in their geographical distribution, being mostly detected in the southern hemisphere. the n569 and a663 strains are prototypes of the "a" and "b" subtypes of bohv-5, however, scarce information about their in vitro and in vivo properties is currently available. | 2011 | 21651813 |
| A recombinant bovine herpesvirus 5 defective in thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E is immunogenic for calves and confers protection upon homologous challenge and BoHV-1 challenge. | A recombinant bovine herpesvirus 5 lacking thymidine kinase and glycoprotein E genes (BoHV-5gE?TK?) was evaluated as a live experimental vaccine. In a first experiment, ten-months-old calves were vaccinated intramuscularly (n=9) or remained as controls (n=8) and 42 days later were challenged with BoHV-5 or BoHV-1 intranasally. The four control calves challenged with BoHV-5 developed severe depression and neurological signs and were euthanized in extremis at days 13 and 14 pos-infection (pi); the ... | 2011 | 22019288 |
| estimation of the diagnostic accuracy of the glyco-c and us9 gene-based polymerase chain reaction technique for the detection of bovine herpesvirus type 5 dna in decomposed brain suspension from a slaughter house using bayesian analysis, brazil. | brazil represents the greatest beef producer among tropical countries, and the major obstacle for meat international trade is sanitary problems especially closely related to viral encephalitis. the goal of this study was to estimate the accuracy of the glycol and us9 gene-based polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) for the detection of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) from decomposed brain samples (n?=?95). for this purpose, a latent-class (bayesian) approach was used. sensitivity (se) was estimat ... | 2011 | 21786161 |
| asymptomatic encephalitis in calves experimentally infected with bovine herpesvirus-5. | this study demonstrated that bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv)-5 infected calves can develop encephalitis and remain asymptomatic. seven calves were infected intranasally and monitored for 30 days. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) analysis was performed from the onset of neurological signs. multiple sections of brain and the trigeminal ganglion were submitted to histopathology. virus detection (pcr and isolation) was performed on csf and tissues. four calves developed signs of neurologic disease and died. th ... | 2011 | 22654135 |
| toll-like receptor activation and expression in bovine alpha-herpesvirus infections. | the involvement of toll-like receptors (tlrs) in bovine herpesvirus types 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5) infections has not been analyzed. in this study, the role of tlr signaling on virus replication was investigated. blood leukocytes consistently express tlrs. thus, our approach was to study in vitro the effects of agonist stimulation of tlrs expressed by peripheral blood leukocytes on bohv-1 and bohv-5 replication. furthermore, the patterns of tlrs 3, 7-9 expression on virus-infected-bovine leukoc ... | 2014 | 24373725 |
| identification and analysis of putative promoter motifs in bovine herpes virus. | the purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the putative promoter motifs in the bovine herpes virus which causes several diseases in cattle worldwide including bovine mastitis with large economic impact on dairy industry. bovine mastitis caused due to virus is often neglected as bacterial infections are held mainly responsible for the disease. therefore, in this in silico investigation with all the existing experimental data a total of 147 promoter were identified along with their seque ... | 2012 | 23275714 |
| quillaja brasiliensis saponins are less toxic than quil a and have similar properties when used as an adjuvant for a viral antigen preparation. | in this study, a preparation of saponins (qb-90u) extracted from leaves of quillaja brasiliensis collected in uruguay was evaluated as a vaccine adjuvant by comparison with alum and the well known saponin-based adjuvant, quil a. the haemolytic activity and cellular toxicity of the saponin preparations were also evaluated. qb-90u was only slightly haemolytic and showed a low cytotoxicity when compared to quil a. the adjuvant properties of qb-90u were assayed by sub-cutaneous immunization of mice ... | 2011 | 22001878 |
| structural and functional analysis of the tap-inhibiting ul49.5 proteins of varicelloviruses. | viral infections are counteracted by virus-specific cytotoxic t cells that recognize the infected cell via mhc class i (mhc i) molecules presenting virus-derived peptides. the loading of the peptides onto mhc i molecules occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and is facilitated by the peptide loading complex. a key player in this complex is the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap), which translocates the viral peptides from the cytosol into the er. herpesviruses have developed ... | 2011 | 21764135 |
| bovine herpesviruses induce different cell death forms in neuronal and glial-derived tumor cell cultures. | oncolytic viruses have the ability to infect tumor cells and leave healthy cells intact. in this study, bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1; los angeles, cooper, and sv56/90 strains) and bovine herpesvirus 5 (bhv5; sv507/99 and gu9457818 strains) were used to infect two neuronal tumor cell lineages: neuro2a (mouse neuroblastoma cells) and c6 (rat glial cells). bhv1 and bhv5 strains infected both cell lines and positively correlated with viral antigen detection (p < 0.005). when neuro2a cells were infecte ... | 2016 | 27311457 |
| effects of bovine herpesvirus type 5 on development of in vitro-produced bovine embryos. | bovine (bos indicus) herpesviruses have been associated with reproductive disease. type 1, the most studied species, is best known for its reproductive and respiratory effects. type 5 (bohv-5) has been detected in bull semen and aborted fetuses but not in oocytes and embryos. this study consisted of three experiments that evaluated (1) bohv-5-infected oocytes matured in medium with fetal bovine serum (bohv-fbs) or polyvinyl alcohol (bohv-pva) and fertilized by noninfected sperm; (2) noninfected ... | 2010 | 19896706 |
| construction and growth properties of bovine herpesvirus type 5 recombinants defective in the glycoprotein e or thymidine kinase gene or both. | bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) is an important pathogen of cattle in south america. we describe here the construction and characterization of deletion mutants defective in the glycoprotein e (ge) or thymidine kinase (tk) gene or both (ge/tk) from a highly neurovirulent and well-characterized brazilian bohv-5 strain (sv507/99). a ge-deleted recombinant virus (bohv-5 ge) was first generated in which the entire ge open reading frame was replaced with a chimeric green fluorescent protein gene. a ... | 2010 | 19893987 |
| comparison between dna detection in trigeminal nerve ganglia and serology to detect cattle infected with bovine herpesviruses types 1 and 5. | bovine herpesviruses (bohvs) types 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5) are alphaherpesviruses of major importance to the bovine production chain. such viruses are capable of establishing latent infections in neuronal tissues. infected animals tend to develop a serological response to infection; however, such response-usually investigated by antibody assays in serum-may eventually not be detected in laboratory assays. nevertheless, serological tests such as virus neutralization (vn) and various enzyme-link ... | 2016 | 27224314 |
| development of an indirect elisa for serological diagnosis of bovine herpesvirus 5. | bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 (bohv-1 and bohv-5) are economically important pathogens, associated with a variety of clinical syndromes, including respiratory and genital disease, reproductive failure and meningoencephalitis. the standard serological assay to diagnose bohv-1 and bohv-5 infections is the virus neutralization test (vnt), a time consuming procedure that requires manipulation of infectious virus. in the present study a highly sensitive and specific single dilution indirect elisa was ... | 2016 | 26866923 |
| a new method for simultaneous detection and discrimination of bovine herpesvirus types 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5) using real time pcr with high resolution melting (hrm) analysis. | bovine herpesvirus types 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5) are antigenically and genetically similar. the aim of this study was to develop a simple and reliable one-step real time pcr assay with high resolution melting (hrm) analysis for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of bohv-1 and bohv-5. optimization of assay conditions was performed with dna from reference strains. then, dna from field isolates, clinical samples and tissue samples of experimentally infected animals were studied by rea ... | 2016 | 26478539 |
| the capacity of ul49.5 proteins to inhibit tap is widely distributed among members of the genus varicellovirus. | the lifelong infection by varicelloviruses is characterized by a fine balance between the host immune response and immune evasion strategies used by these viruses. virus-derived peptides are presented to cytotoxic t lymphocytes by major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules. the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap) transports the peptides from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum, where the loading of mhc-i molecules occurs. the varicelloviruses bovine herpesvi ... | 2010 | 21159875 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 in semen from brazilian bulls. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5) are important pathogens of the respiratory and genital tract of cattle and may also affect the central nervous system and cause meningoencephalitis. both virus types are estimated to be widely distributed in southern brazil. in the present study, bohv-1 and/or bohv-5 dna were detected in bovine semen samples from two states of brazil by two species-specific nested polymerase chain reactions (npcrs). these npcrs were used to assay 53 samples of fresh s ... | 2011 | 21247624 |
| comparative analysis of the replication of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) and bhv5 in bovine-derived neuron-like cells. | members of the subfamily alphaherpesvirinae use the epithelium of the upper respiratory and/or genital tract as preferential sites for primary replication. however, bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv5) is neurotropic and neuroinvasive and responsible for meningoencephalitis in cattle and in animal models. a related virus, bohv1 has also been occasionally implicated in natural cases of neurological infection and disease in cattle. the aim of the present study was to assess the in vitro effects of bohv1 a ... | 2015 | 26239341 |
| prevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 4 in aborting dairy cows. | bovine herpesvirus type 4 (bhv-4) is related to many different conditions: infertility, postpartal metritis, vulvovaginitis, mastitis, encephalitis, calf pneumonia, keratoconjunctivitis, cutaneous lesions, digital dermatitis and abortion. in this study a retrospective pcr examination of 100 extracted dna samples from aborting cows was performed in order to determine: prevalence of bhv-4 in abortive cattle, whether coinfections bhv-4 with other abortifacient pathogens are present in the same samp ... | 2016 | 28092611 |
| genome sequence of bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (buhv1) isolated in australia in 1972. | bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (buhv1) is a member of the family herpesviridae, subfamily alphaherpesvirinae, genus varicellovirus. to date, no full genome sequence of buhv has been published. here, we report the complete genome sequence of bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (buhv1) strain b6 (buhv1-b6), isolated from a water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) in 1972 in australia. the virus was multiplied in mdbk cells, and the dna was extracted and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. the reads were aligned ... | 2017 | 28063080 |
| development of a pyrosequencing assay for the typing of alphaherpesviruses. | identification of herpesvirus in biological material is usually carried out by real-time pcr. with the aim to classify the strain of virus identified, real-time pcr must be often supported by time-consuming capillary electrophoresis sequencing analysis. here we provide a protocol for the rapid and reliable identification of 5 closely related herpesviruses by pyromark q24 sequencing system. pyromark performs dna sequencing analysis using pyrosequencing, a technology based on the detection of rele ... | 2015 | 26150971 |
| virus, strain, and epitope specificities of neutralizing bovine monoclonal antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoproteins gb, gc, and gd, with sequence and molecular model analysis. | three bovine monoclonal antibodies (bomab) raised to bovine herpesvirus (bohv) 1.1 and specific for the viral glycoproteins gb, gc, and gd were tested for reactivity to two isolates of bohv-1.1, one of bohv-1.2, and two of bohv-5 in virus neutralization and indirect fluorescent antibody assays. they were also tested with other herpesviruses infecting cattle and other mammalian alphaherpesviruses, and found negative or of negligible reactivity. their bohv-1.1 epitope specificity was examined usin ... | 2015 | 25771882 |
| sequence analysis of the 5' third of glycoprotein c gene of south american bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5. | bovine herpesviruses 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5) share high genetic and antigenic similarities, but exhibit marked differences in tissue tropism and neurovirulence. the amino-terminal region of glycoprotein c (gc), which is markedly different in each of the viruses, is involved in virus binding to cellular receptors and in interactions with the immune system. this study investigated the genetic and antigenic differences of the 5' region of the gc (5' gc) gene (amino-terminal) of south american boh ... | 2015 | 25760029 |
| bovine herpesvirus type 5 in semen samples from bulls in iran. | bovine herpesvirus 5 (bohv-5) is an important pathogen of the central nervous system and has already been described in the genital tract of cattle and in semen. this virus is responsible for sporadic epizootics of fatal meningoencephalitis of calves. the objective of the present study was the identification and characterization of bohv-5 in semen samples from bulls for the first time in iran. dna was extracted from bull semen samples, and the glycoprotein d (gd) gene of bohv-5 and also the thymi ... | 2015 | 25362547 |
| bovine herpesvirus glycoprotein d: a review of its structural characteristics and applications in vaccinology. | the viral envelope glycoprotein d from bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 (bohv-1 and -5), two important pathogens of cattle, is a major component of the virion and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of herpesviruses. glycoprotein d is essential for virus penetration into permissive cells and thus is a major target for virus neutralizing antibodies during infection. in view of its role in the induction of protective immunity, gd has been tested in new vaccine development strategies against both ... | 2014 | 25359626 |
| latency of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) in tonsils and peripheral blood leukocytes. | bovine herpesvirus types 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5) can both establish latency in the trigeminal ganglion. non-neural sites of latency have been described for bohv-1 but not for bohv-5. the aim of this study was to determine whether peripheral blood leukocytes and tonsils are targets for bohv-5 infection and to establish whether all stages of that virus's infectious cycle can occur in those cell types. comparisons with bohv-1 infection of these tissues were also made in order to better understand ... | 2014 | 25155304 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of pseudorabies virus ep0 gene. | the pseudorabies virus (prv) early protein ep0 is a homologue of the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) immediate-early protein icp0, which is a multifunctional protein and important for hsv-1 infection. however, the exact function of ep0 is not clear. in this study, using polymerase chain reaction, a 1,104 base-pair sequence of the ep0 gene was amplified from the prv becker strain genome and identification of the ep0gene was confirmed by further cloning and sequencing. bioinformatics analysis indic ... | 2014 | 24980013 |
| first report of isolation and molecular characterization of bubaline herpesvirus 1 (buhv1) from argentinean water buffaloes. | herpesviruses have mainly co-evolved with their hosts for millions of years. however, bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv1) and related ruminant alphaherpesviruses have been reported to cross the species barrier. bubaline herpesvirus 1 (buhv1) is an alphaherpesvirus closely related to bohv1 and bohv5. according to the serological cross-relationships between ruminant alphaherpesviruses, several surveys have studied the occurrence of bohv1-related virus infection in wild and domestic ruminant species. rece ... | 2014 | 24938487 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus 2 and bovine herpesvirus 4 dna in trigeminal ganglia of naturally infected cattle by polymerase chain reaction. | establishment of latent infection within specific tissues in the host is a common biological feature of the herpesviruses. in the case of bovine herpesvirus 2 (bohv-2), latency is established in neuronal tissues, while bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4) and ovine herpesvirus 2 (ovhv-2) latent virus targets on cells of the monocytic lineage. this study was conducted in quest of bohv-2, bohv-4 and ovhv-2 dna in two hundred trigeminal ganglia (tg) specimens, derived from one hundred clinically healthy c ... | 2014 | 24725448 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the pseudorabies virus ul31 gene. | we amplified a 816-bp sequence of the ul31 gene from the pseudorabies virus (prv) becker strain genome. evidence that this was the ul31 gene was confirmed by cloning and sequencing. the prv ul31 gene encodes a putative protein of 271-amino acid residues, which was designated the ul31 protein. bioinformatic analysis indicated that prv ul31 contains a conserved pha03328 domain, closely related with the herpes virus nuclear egress lamina protein ul31 family and highly conserved among counterparts e ... | 2014 | 24668671 |
| bovine herpesvirus 5 encodes a unique pattern of micrornas compared with bovine herpesvirus 1. | bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) are two closely related viruses. however, bohv-5 is responsible for fatal meningitis in calves, while bohv-1 is associated with infectious rhinotracheitis in cattle, and the mechanism by which the two viruses cause different symptoms is not well understood. in this study, we identified 11 microrna (mirna) genes, encoded by the bohv-5 genome, that were processed into 16 detectable mature mirnas in productive infection as determi ... | 2014 | 24385436 |
| molecular characterization of the pseudorabies virus ul2 gene. | a 948-bp sequence of the ul2 gene was amplified from the pseudorabies virus (prv) becker strain genome using polymerase chain reaction, and the gene identity was confirmed through further cloning and sequencing. bioinformatic analysis indicated that the prv ul2 gene encodes a putative polypeptide with 315-amino acid residues. its encoding protein, designated ul2, has a conserved uracil-dna glycosylase (udg)_f1 domain, which is closely related to the herpesvirus udg family and is highly conserved ... | 2013 | 24114210 |
| first report of bovine herpesvirus 5 in bull semen. | bohv-5 was detected in one of several extended semen samples from a healthy donor bull during routine virus screening. this was achieved by polymerase chain reaction assay (pcr) and virus isolation, with primary identification by the fluorescent antibody test. the isolated virus, b4180, was characterized by sequencing a cloned fragment of the gc gene and by restriction enzyme analysis (rea). the nucleotide sequence shared 99 % similarity with published sequences of bohv-5, and the rea showed tha ... | 2012 | 22622433 |
| presence of viral and bacterial organisms in milk and their association with somatic cell counts. | about 20 to 35% of milk samples from cows with intramammary infection or high somatic cell count (scc) are negative on bacteriological culture analysis. however, little is known about scc in milk of cows infected with viruses. in the first part of our study, we developed a real-time pcr assay for detection of bovine herpesvirus (bhv) 1, bhv2, and bhv4, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in composite quarter milk samples. a total of 1,479 lactating cows of 1,964 cows in the dairy herd were in ... | 2013 | 23972495 |
| genetic diversity of 3' region of glycoprotein d gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5. | bovine herpesviruses 1 (bohv-1) and 5 (bohv-5) are closely related alphaherpesviruses of cattle. while bohv-1 is mainly associated with respiratory/genital disease and rarely associated with neurological disease, bohv-5 is the primary agent of meningoencephalitis in cattle. the envelope glycoprotein d of alphaherpesviruses (bohv-1/gd1 and bohv-5/gd5) is involved in the early steps of virus infection and may influence virus tropism and neuropathogenesis. this study performed a sequence analysis o ... | 2014 | 24482291 |
| molecular characterization of encephalitic bovine listeriosis from southern brazil. | reports of bovine listeriosis in brazil are uncommon, being restricted to citations within retrospective studies, resulting in scarce documented information of this important disease of cattle. this manuscript describes the molecular findings associated with spontaneous encephalitic listeriosis in two steers from distinct herds within the state of paraná, southern brazil. both animals demonstrated altered consciousness suggestive of brain stem dysfunctions and died a few days after the initial o ... | 2014 | 23832703 |
| multiplex pcr followed by restriction length polymorphism analysis for the subtyping of bovine herpesvirus 5 isolates. | several types and subtypes of bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 (bohv-1 and bohv-5) have been associated to different clinical conditions of cattle, making type/subtype differentiation essential to understand the pathogenesis and epidemiology of bohv infections. bohv-5 subtyping is currently carried out by bsteii restriction enzyme analysis (rea) of the complete virus genome. this method allowed the description of three subtypes, one of which is the most widespread while the remaining two have so far ... | 2013 | 23734608 |
| evaluation of prenucleic acid extraction for increasing sensitivity of detection of virus in bovine follicular fluid pools. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1), and bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5) are major cattle pathogens that can be present in biological materials used in assisted reproduction biotechnologies. the aim of the present study was to increase the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of bvdv, bohv-1, and bohv-5 in bovine follicular fluid (ff) collected during oocyte retrieval for in vitro embryo production. ovaries were collected immediat ... | 2013 | 23427937 |