Publications

reptiles and amphibians as potential reservoir hosts of chikungunya virus.	chikungunya virus is an emerging arbovirus of significant human-health concern. little is known about its sylvatic cycle, including whether ectothermic vertebrates are permissive to infection. in this study, individuals from ten species of reptiles and amphibians were inoculated with chikungunya virus and samples of blood were tested to characterize viremia and seroconversion. viremia was not detected in cane toads, house geckos, or american alligators, but most of the green iguanas, red-eared s ...	0	29313469
the flicker response function for the turtle pseudemys.	1. at constant temperature, with a fixed proportion of light time in a flash cycle (namely, t(l)/t(d) = 1), the mean critical intensity for motor response to visual flicker by the turtle pseudemys scripta follows a probability integral (log i) as a function of flash frequency f. the fit is close and satisfactory; certain quite minor but consistent deviations are adequately explained by features of the experiments. 2. the variation (sigma(i)) of critical i is directly proportional to the mean cri ...	1939	19873106
temperature and critical illumination for reaction to flickering light : vi. flash duration varied.	for the turtle pseudemys scripta the temperature characteristics for excitability of the response to visual flicker are found to be independent of flash frequency f, flash intensity i, and proportion of light time in the flash cycle. the maximum f to which the flicker response contour (f vs. log i) rises, and the abscissa of its inflection, are rectilinear functions of the percentage light-time in the flash cycle, but micro for 1/iat any flash frequency is the same with different values of the p ...	1940	19873173
effects of male hormone upon the tail of the slider turtle, pseudemys scripta troostii.		1951	14866219
endocrine relationships in turtles. ii. claw growth in the slider, pseudemys scripta troostii.		1952	14903594
isolation and characterization of two hemoglobins found in the turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans.		1957	13505830
immediate reaction to x-irradiation of the red-eared turtle (pseudemys scripta elegans).		1960	13754166
immediate reaction of the red-eared turtle (pseudemys scripta elegans) to x-irradiation.		1961	13754165
performance of the turtle. pseudemys scripta troostii, in a partial-reinforcement situation.		1961	13726939
olfactory and visual learning in the red-eared terrapin, pseudemys scripta elegans (wied.).		1962	14042403
studies on the osseous system of the slider turtle.		1963	13979467
[structure and ultrastructure of the epiphysis of a cheilonian, pseudemys scripta elegans].		1964	14190530
some effects of bleeding on the iron metabolism of normal and of starved turtles (pseudemys scripta elegans).		1965	5884104
the effect of bleeding and starvation on blood volumes and peripheral hemogram of the turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans.		1965	5880322
general and comparative biology of experimental atmospheres and other stress conditions: experiments with the turtle, pseudemys scripta-elegans.		1965	14288901
heat production during diving in the fresh water turtle, pseudemys scripta.		1966	5924091
[synaptic ultrastructures in the epiphysis of the chelonia. presence of synaptic bands at the level of articulations between pseudosensory cells and nerve terminals in the epiphysis of pseudemys scripta elegans and pseudemys picta].		1968	4298323
effect of valinomycin on isolated urinary bladder of pseudemys scripta. i. effect on electrical parameters under aerobic conditions.		1969	5351951
buoyancy control in the freshwater turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans.	freshwater turtles (pseudemys scripta elegans) significantly corrected experimental displacements of their specific gravity. by reciprocally changing the volumes of lung air and stored water, they set their buoyancy and maintained their body volume. the cloacal bursae may be the active site for water storage and exchange in this mechanism.	1969	5360591
respiratory response of turtles (pseudemys scripta) to changes in arterial blood gas composition.		1969	5367351
the effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition on urine formation and electrolyte excretion in the fresh-water turtle (pseudemys scripta).		1969	5793769
relation between frequency and amplitude of visual alarm reactions in pseudemys scripta.		1969	5349584
slow cis-stimulation of sodium transport across isolated urinary bladders of the fresh-water turtle, pseudemys scripta.		1969	5822827
eimeria scriptae n. sp. (sporozoa: eimeriidae) from the red-eared turtle pseudemys scripta elegans.		1969	5387948
retinal oil globule counts and distributions in two species of turtles: pseudemys scripta elegans (wied) and chelonia mydas mydas (linnaeus).		1970	5435015
a new plasma kinin in the turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans.		1970	5485284
distribution of integumental tyrosinase activity in red-eared turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans.		1970	4988165
changes in heart and skeletal muscle cytochrome oxidase activity during anaerobiosis in the freshwater turtle pseudemys scripta elegans.		1970	4322174
thalamotelencephalic projections in the turtle (pseudemys scripta).		1970	5459208
comparison of water exchange in two aquatic turtles, trionyx spinifer and pseudemys scripta.		1970	5417464
parallels in the visual afferent projections of the thalamus in the hedgehog (paraechinus hypomelas) and the turtle (pseudemys scripta).		1970	5522340
persistent rhythms of locomotion activity in the turtle pseudemys scripta.		1971	4400100
the effect of temperature on ventilation in the turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans.		1971	5568457
mechanical basis for lung volume variability in the turtle pseudemys scripta elegans.		1971	5545687
microspectrophotometric measurements of visual pigments in two species of turtle, pseudemys scripta and chelonia mydas.		1971	5551491
inadequacy of blood drawn by cardiac puncture as a source for respiratory gas measurements in turtle (pseudemys scripta).		1972	4402094
ultrastructural survey of the retina of pseudemys scripta elegans.		1972	4653338
ultrastructure of the parathyroid gland of fresh-water turtles.	the parathyroid glands of fresh-water turtles (pseudemys scripta and chrysemys picta) are composed of cords of cells in which dark and light variants of chief cells and occasional oxyphil cells can be distinguished. cytoplasmic granules measuring about 0.3-0.4 μm and all the cellular organelles associated with protein and carbohydrate synthesis can be seen in both dark and light chief cells; the cytoplasm of oxyphils is packed with mitochondria which obscure other organelles. an unusual feature ...	1972	30366482
ultrastructural studies on the relationship between follicular cells and growing oocytes in the turtle pseudemys scripta elegans.		1973	4756246
behavior of phosphofructokinase during the aerobic-anaerobic transition period in the isolated perfused turtle (pseudemys scripta elegans) heart.		1973	4268971
studies on anaerobic metabolism in the fresh-water turtle (pseudemys scripta elegans).		1973	4404869
detection and resolution of visual stimuli by turtle photoreceptors.	1. hyperpolarizing responses up to 30 mv in amplitude were recorded from cones and from certain cells believed to be rods in the isolated retina of the swamp turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans.2. the responses evoked by weak flashes of light reach their maximum in 100-140 msec in red-sensitive cones, 140-180 msec in green-sensitive cones, and 300-600 msec in the rod-like cells (20 degrees c).3. the cone response evoked by weak flashes of light is linearly related to light intensity and obeys the ...	1973	4766219
activities, intracellular localization and kinetic properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, pyruvate kinase and malate dehydrogenase in turtle (pseudemys scripta elegans) liver, heart and skeletal muscle.		1973	4757958
organization of on-off cells in the retina of the turtle.	1. the organization of central and peripheral responses for one type of spike-producing cell in the retina of the turtle (pseudemys scripta elegans) has been studied. these cells produced a short burst of spikes following the onset and offset of a small spot of illumination (i.e. on-off cells). the effect of increasing the area of illumination was to include a peripheral inhibition. intracellular on and off responses were, however, affected differently.2. on-off cells marked intracellularly with ...	1973	4702424
potential pathogens in the environment: isolation, enumeration, and identification of seven genera of intestinal bacteria associated with small green pet turtles.	bacteriological analyses were performed on fecal swabs and the aquarium water of 27 individually purchased specimens of the small green pet turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans. representatives of aeromonas, citrobacter, enterobacter, klebsiella, proteus, salmonella, and serratia were isolated. enterobacter, klebsiella, and salmonella were encountered in 20% or more of the specimens, whereas aeromonas was isolated from 63%. klebsiella pneumoniae counts ranged from 10(3) to 10(4) per milliliter of a ...	1973	4572984
metabolism of 14c-histamine in amphibians (bufo bufo) and reptiles (pseudemys scripta and testudo hermanni).		1974	4205336
pituitary regulation of appetite and growth in the turtles pseudomys scripta elegans and chelydra serpentina.		1974	4813415
percentage contribution of increased heart rate to increased oxygen transport during activity in pseudemys scripta, terrapene ornata and other reptiles.		1974	4152022
effects of temperatures and activity on aerobic and anaerobic metabolism and heart rate in the turtles pseudemys scripta and terrapene ornata.		1974	4152109
enzymes of energy metabolism from a vertebrate facultative anaerobe, pseudemys scripta. turtle heart phosphofructokinase.		1974	4274152
effects of prolonged diving anoxia on the turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans.		1974	4156263
an ultrastructural study of the oral mucous membrane of the turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans.		1974	4844603
electrical responses of double cones in the turtle retina.	1. responses to monochromatic flashes were recorded intracellularly from double cones in the retina of the turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans. double cones have been identified by intracellular marking with procion yellow dye.2. the direct light response of a double cone is a hyperpolarization graded with the intensity of a flash and similar to the response of single cones.3. when flashes were dim, responses were proportional to light intensity but varied in time course as a function of wave-leng ...	1974	4141369
interactions leading to horizontal cell responses in the turtle retina.	1. small responses to large fields of dim monochromatic lights were recorded intracellularly from luminosity horizontal cells (l-cells), chromaticity horizontal cells (c-cells) and cones in the retinae of turtles, pseudemys scripta elegans.2. responses of cones to brief flashes applied over steady backgrounds were studied in order to interpret the corresponding responses of horizontal cells. steady red or green backgrounds make the responses of red-sensitive cones smaller, faster and often dipha ...	1974	4852507
heart rate and physiological thermoregulation in a basking turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans.		1974	4151826
effect of starvation on fructose diphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoglucomutase activities in organs of pseudemys (chrysemys) scripta elegans.		1975	164319
a quantitative analysis of ventilation tachycardia and its control in two chelonians, pseudemys scripta and testudo graeca.	1. in both the turtle, pseudemys scripta, and the tortoise, testudo graeca, lung ventilation is closely accompanied by a tachycardia of predictable magnitude and duration. 2. efferent vagal activity progressively decreases as heart rate increases with the onset of lung ventilation. atropine decreases heart rate during apnoea to those levels observed during prolonged breathing series when the development, duration or magnitude of ventilation tachycardia. it is thus concluded that heart rate chang ...	1975	1202129
the connections and laminar organization ofthe optic tectum in a reptile (lguana iguana).	the goals of this study were: (1) to describe the total pattern of projections from the optic tectum of iguana iguana and pseudemys scripta; and (2) to describe the contributions of particular lamina of the iguana's optic tectum to this total pattern. lesions were made in the optic tectum of the iguana which damaged either all or only certain tectal laminae and, for comparison with the iguana, lesions in the turtle's optic tectum were made which involved all laminae. the anterograde degeneration ...	1975	1176645
the effects of induced cold torpor and time of year on blood coagulation in pseudemys scripta elegans and chrysemys picta belli.		1975	236129
two new species of the genus caminacarus (acarina: cloacaridae) from turtles in louisiana.	caminacarus chrysemys sp. n. and caminacarus terrapenae sp. n. are described from the cloaca of chrysemys scripta elegans and terrapene carolina in louisiana. the former species is very similar to caminacarus deirochelys but differs in the form of the dorsal shield which has longer lateral elongations and the median dorsal elongation does not extend to the genital sclerite, structure of the anterodorsal wall of the gnathosomal base which is closed forming a ringlike apodeme, and structure of the ...	1975	1117354
descending pathways from the brain stem to the spinal cord in some reptiles. i. origin.	in the present study of the origin of the pathways descending from the brain stem to the spinal cord has been investigated in the reptiles testudo hermanni, pseudemys scripta elegans, tupinambis nigropunctatus and python reticulatus. these reptiles, using highly different types of progression, have been selected, because fundamental variations in the organization of the central motor apparatus are to be expected. the origin of the descending pathways has been demonstrated by recording the occurr ...	1976	1270628
plasma amino acids in reptiles after feeding protein or amino acids and after injecting amino acids.	turtles (pseudemys scripta elegans) and alligators (alligator mississipiensis) were fed fish, casein, or free amino acid mixtures, or were injected with free amino acid mixtures, quantities in each case being equivalent to about 42 mmoles of amino acids/kg body weight. the experiments were designed to determine whether protein synthesis normally precedes catabolism of the amino acids absorbed from digesting food. both animals disposed of free or food-derived amino acids more rapidly than could b ...	1976	939990
model studies of intracellular acid-base temperature responses in ectotherms.	measurements of intracellular ph (phi) in air-breathing ectotherms have only been made in the steady state; these phi indicate that protein charge state, measured as alpha imidazole (alphaim), the fractional dissociation of protein histidine imidazole groups, is preserved when ectotherm tissues change temperature in vivo, with related changes in phi and pco2. in partial answer to the question of how such tissues are able to avoid disrupting transients to functions sensitive to protein charge sta ...	1976	10615
intracellular ph in cold-blooded vertebrates as a function of body temperature.	intracellular ph (phi) was measured in vivo in tissue of frogs (rana catesbeiana) and turtles (pseudemys scripta) using the dmo technique. animals were permitted 3-8 days to come to a new steady-state body temperature (tb) which ranged 5-32 degrees c. least squares regression equation for phi data are: frog blood, 8.184-0.0206 tb; frog striated muscle, 7.275-0.0152 tb; turtle blood, 8.092-0.0207tb; turtle muscle, 7.421-0.0186 tb; turtle heart, 7.452-0.0122 tb; turtle liver, 7.753-0.0233 tb; turt ...	1976	10614
comparative ultrastructural analysis of two tortoise bladders, testudo graeca and geochelone carbonaria.	urinary bladders from the desert tortoises, testudo graeca and geochelone carbonaria were removed at specific times during the year and species in all bladders examined: (1) granular cells, (2) mitochondria-rich cells, and (3) basal cells. cells analogous to these three types have also been observed in amphibian bladders (from toad bufo marinus and bullfrog, rana catesbiana) and reptilian bladders (from pseudemys scripta and clemmys caspica). both tortoises have an incomplete layer of basal cell ...	1976	1252017
the relation between intercellular coupling and electrical noise in turtle photoreceptors.	1. intracellular recordings from cones and rods in the retina of the turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans, revealed that in darkness the cell voltage fluctuated spontaneously about its mean level. the fluctuations were reduced during bright steady illmination of the cell often to a level close to that obtained with the electrode outside the cell where the noise did not change significantly during illumination. 2. the magnitude of the intrinsic dark noise (voltage variance in darkness minus voltage ...	1976	1018249
spatial properties of horizontal cell responses in the turtle retina.	1. intracellular recordings were made from horizontal cells in the retina of the turtle pseudemys scripta elegans. spatial properties of the responses were determined using brief flashes of monochromatic light. 2. for a light stimulus in the form of a long narrow slit the peak response decayed approximately exponentially with displacement from the centred position. 3. with variation in the area of a centred circular patch, the peak response increased in a graded manner with stimulus area but was ...	1976	1018237
non-pulmonary co2 loss during diving in the turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans.		1976	9231
effects of temperature transients on gas exchange and acid-base status of turtles.	pulmonary ventilation (ve), o2 consumption (vo2), and co2 production (vco2) were measured continuously on each of 10 turtles, pseudemys scripta elegans, at 20 degrees c, during and for 1 h after heating to 30 degrees c and during and for 1 h after cooling to 20 degrees c. in seven of the animals, arterial blood was sampled at the three temperature plateaus. ventilatory ratios (ve/vo2 and ve/vco2) and metabolic rate adjusted promptly to temperature change, stabilizing at values similar to those o ...	1976	5899
a technique for intravenous injection in the red-eared turtle (pseudemys scripta elegans).	a technique is described for exposure and injection of the jugular vein in the red-eared turtle. satisfactory anaesthesia and muscular relaxation for this procedure was obtained by intramuscular injection of a mixture of chloral hydrate and sodium pentobarbital at a dose of 2.5 ml/kg bodyweight. induction time was 30-45 minutes. time for surgical procedure 30-45 minutes. recovery time 1-8 hours.	1976	979135
the effect of hypothalamic thermal stimulation on respiration in the turtle.	cumulative oxygen consumption (vo2) and oxygen consumption per unit time were measured for fresh water turtles (pseudemys scripta elegans) as hypothalamic stimulation was applied. stimulation was provided by means of a thermode at 9-2o c (cold), 27o c (sham), and 55-60 degrees c (hot). a statistically significant increase in mean cumulative oxygen consumption was noted for hot stimulation as compared to control value. a less dramatic but significant decrease in mean cumulative oxygen consumption ...	1976	932666
analysis of electrical noise in turtle cones.	1. properties of the light-sensitive voltage noise in cones in the retina of the turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans, have been studied by intracellular recording.2. suppression of the noise by light was a function of the hyperpolarizing response of a cone but not of the size or pattern of illumination.3. power density spectra of the noise were fitted in many cones by the product of two lorentzians with characteristic time constants tau(1) and tau(2) averaging 40 and 7 msec respectively. the spect ...	1977	592199
vagal control of pulmonary vascular resistance in the turtle chrysemys scripta.		1977	837291
properties of blood oxygen transport in the turtle pseudemys scripta and the tortoise testudo graeca: effects of temperature, co2 and ph.	properties of oxygen-haemoglobin binding have been investigated in the aquatic turtle psuedemys scripta and the terrestrial tortoise testudo graeca. haematocrit (30-35%) and haemoglobin concentration (12-14 g/100 ml blood) were similar in both species. p50 at physiological levels of pco2 (20-25 mm hg) was 21 mm hg in pseudemys, compared with 23 mm hg in testudo. the bohr shift of the blood of both the turtle and the tortoise was almost identical at -0.28. the heat of oxygenation, deltah, reflect ...	1977	21433
visual cortex in a reptile, the turtle (pseudemys scripta and chrysemys picta).		1977	884523
some comparative aspects of the organ distribution of superoxide dismutase activity in the freshwater turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans.	1. superoxide dismutase activities in five tissues of the relatively anaerobic freshwater turtle were compared with sod activities in the same tissues of two mammalian species (mouse and rabbit) with a more usual pattern of dependence on o2 availability. 2. sod activities in brain, lung and skeletal muscle, but not liver or cardiac muscle, are significantly lower in the turtle. the turtle also shows differences in the pattern of relative sod activities in various tissues as compared to the two m ...	1977	318271
activation of latent salmonella and arizona organisms by dehydration of red-eared turtles, pseudemys scripta-elegans.	salmonella and arizona organisms could not be isolated from water samples, feces, and tissues of turtles prior to the experiment. after stressing, salmonella organisms were isolated from tissues of 7 of 27 stressed turtles and from only 1 of 12 unstressed turtles. arizona organisms were isolated from 9 of 36 stressed turtles whereas results for all 12 unstressed turtles were negative.	1978	637401
effect of dry versus wet bowl environment on pet turtles.	recently hatched, certified salmonella-free, red-eared slider turtles (pseudemys scripta elegans) were obtained from a commercial breeder. half of the turtles were kept in a traditional wet-bowl environment, whereas the other half lived in individual dry-bowl environments, except for 30 minutes each day when they were immersed in water and were fed. both groups were fed commercial turtle food. during the 26 weeks of the study, individual weight and general observations were recorded for each tur ...	1978	629431
horizontal cells of the turtle retina. ii. analysis of interconnections between photoreceptor cells and horizontal cells by light microscopy.	criteria were established whereby the chief and accessory members of double cones, red-, green-, and blue-sensitive single cones, and rods could be distinguished from one another in 1-micrometer sections through the retinas of pseudemys scripta elegans and chelydra serpentina. criteria included the presence of absence of an oil droplet, the size, color, and radial position of the oil droplet, the size and shape of the inner and outer segments, and the shape orientation of the connection between ...	1978	730848
membrane recycling in the cone cell endings of the turtle retina.	the ultrastructural effects of dark, light, and low temperature were investigated in the cone cell endings of the red-eared turtle (pseudemys scripta elegans). thin sections revealed that in dark-adapted retinas maintained at 22 degrees c, the neural processes which contact the cone cells at the invaginating synapses penetrated deeply into the photoreceptor endings. when dark-adapted retinas were illuminated for 1 h at 22 degrees c, the invaginating processes were apparently extruded from the sy ...	1978	730768
influence of intermittent breathing on ventricular depolarization patterns in chelonian reptiles.	1. alterations between two quite distinct patterns of epicardial depolarization are associated with the normal occurrence of intermittent lung ventilation in both lightly anaesthetized and unrestrained, conscious turtles (pseudemys scripta) and tortoises (testudo graeca). 2. during apnoea depolarization sweeps from the left to the right over the ventricular surface at a conduction velocity of 0.15 m/sec. with the onset of lung ventilation the direction of depolarization propagation over the vent ...	1978	671311
respiratory control and co2 conductance: temperature effects in a turtle and a frog.	the respiratory control systems of the predominantly lung-breathing turtle. pseudemys scripta, and the bimodal breathing frog, rana catesbeiana, are compared. at constant temperature, control is effected in both species primarily by pulmonary ventilation, and appears to be similar in basic organization to the mammalian system. the skin co2 exchange of the frog is largely passive and apparently under little adaptive control. co2 exchange at different temperature is analyzed by means of the conduc ...	1978	307794
quantitative anatomy of the lungs of the red-eared turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans.	morphometric and sterological methods were employed to evaluate the anatomical gas-exchange potential of the lungs of the fresh-water turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans. the total lung volume and lung wet weight increase with the 1.4 power of body weight. right and left lungs are similar in size and shape, containing a tissue-free central lumen, which occupies 55 per cent of the maximally inflated lung. the remainder is parenchyma, composed of 90 per cent air and 10 per cent tissue, with an effec ...	1978	741106
helminth parasites of the red-eared turtle (pseudemys scripta elegans) in central arkansas.		1978	739316
the responses of amacrine cells to light and intracellularly applied currents.	1. intracellular responses to light were recorded from amacrine cells in the retina of the turtle pseudemys scripta elegans. 2. the recorded responses were identified on the basis of physiological criteria reported previously (marchiafava, 1976). amacrine cells produced transient 'on' and 'off' depolarizing responses irrespective of the retinal area illuminated and of wavelength. 3. the transient depolarizing responses increased by enlarging the illuminated circle up to 120 micrometer in radius. ...	1978	565815
structure of anterior dorsal ventricular ridge in a turtle (pseudemys scripta elegans).		1978	731705
bicarbonate ion transport: a mechanism for the acidification of urine in the turtle.	the uricotelic turtle pseudemys scripta acidifies the urine to a ph as low as 4 in the urinary bladder. data in this report show that the mechanism of acidification in this bladder is the transport of bicarbonate ion from lumen to serosa, and that the temperature to which the turtles are adapted prior to the in vitro experiment largely determines the direction of the transmural carbon dioxide gradient observed. this temperature effect also serves to reconcile apparently disparate data that were ...	1978	24894
myocardial inotrophy of co2 in water- and air-breathing vertebrates.	a negative-inotropic effect of co2 on myocardial contractility presumably occurs because increasing h+ concentration competes with ca2+ at cellular membranes and proteins. since air-breathing vertebrates have higher blood and tissue co2 concentration than water breathers the question was raised whether the cardiac cell has a modified sensitivity to co2 correlated with the evolutionary transition of vertebrates from water breathers to air breathers. the water-breathing fish, salmo gairdneri, and ...	1978	629370
the fine structure of the anterior median eminence in the turtle pseudemys scripta elegans (wied).		1979	554565
effects of sustained oxygen depletion on tissue pyruvate kinase activities in the freshwater turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans.	1. the effect of sustained (48 hr) oxygen depletion on tissue (brain, heart, skeletal muscle) pyruvate kinase (pyki) activities was examined in the pond turtle (pseudemys scripta elegans). 2. pyki activities in skeletal muscle are significantly increased (from 322 +/- 84 to 450 +/- 95) following 48 hr of tissue hypoxia. pyki activities in brain may already be elevated under ambient conditions but do not change following prolonged submersion (334 +/- 75 vs 325 +/- 77). cardiac muscle pyki is actu ...	1979	318413
interactions between tectal radial cells in the red-eared turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans: an analysis of tectal modules.	the optic tectum is a major subdivision of the visual system in reptiles. previous studies have characterized the laminar pattern, the neuronal populations, and the afferent and efferent connections of the optic tectum in a variety of reptiles. however, little is known about the interactions that occur between neurons within the tectum. this study describes two kinds of interactions that occur between one major class of neurons, the radial cells, in the optic tectum of pseudemys using nissl, gol ...	1979	228046
organization of nucleus rotundus, a tectofugal thalamic nucleus in turtles. i. nissl and golgi analyses.	this study consists of a detailed cytoarchitectonic and golgi analysis of a major tectofugal thalamic nucleus in the red-eared turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans. neurons in nucleus rotundus have a unimodal soma size distribution and a common dendritic branching pattern. they have long dendrites which undergo sparse, dichotomous branchings and contribute to dendritic fields that cover a third to half the dimensions of the nucleus. spicules, 1-2 mu long, and complex appendages, 5-20 mu long, are f ...	1979	458858
the mechanism of spinal control of reflex hind limb movements in the terrapin pseudemys scripta elegans [proceedings].		1979	490344
quantitative studies of retinal ganglion cells in a turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans. i. number and distribution of ganglion cells.	multiple pathways for the transmission of visual information from retina to brain have been described in reptiles, but little is known about their functional organization. these parallel channels begin at the retina, and we have therefore begun to study the functional organization of retinal ganglion cells in the turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans. this paper describes the numbers and distribution of cells in the ganglion cell layer. to develop criteria for the identification of ganglion cells, w ...	1979	457929
mirex residues in eggs and livers of two long-lived reptiles (chrysemys scripta and terrapene carolina) in mississippi, 1970-1977.		1979	519044
acclimation, temperature selection, and heat exchange in the turtle, chrysemys scripta.	turtles acclimated to temperatures between 3 and 19 degrees c were placed in a thermal gradient. the animals usually selected temperatures above 28 degrees c within 1 h after placement in the gradient, attaining a final thermal preferendum between 31 and 33 degrees c. turtles placed in the gradient for extended periods of time were more active during the day; the temperature selected was not related to activity or time of day. turtles were transferred from a constant temperature bath at 10 or 30 ...	1980	7377383
oxygen equilibria of ectotherm blood containing multiple hemoglobins.	complete isocapnic o2 equilibrium curves (o2ec's) and related blood-gas properties are reported for whole blood of the bullfrog (rana catesbeiana) and the aquatic turtle (pseudemys scripta) at temperatures ranging from 5 to 35 degrees c. p50's for bullfrog and turtle blood at physiological ph and 25 degrees c were 36.6 torr (ph 7.83) and 19.3 torr (ph 7.55), respectively. elevation of blood temperature significantly reduced hemoglobin oxygen affinity in both species (delta h = -8.1 and -7.8 kcal ...	1980	6971463
comparison of the pineal complex, retina and cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons by immunocytochemical antirhodopsin reaction.	the presence of rhodopsin was investigated by an indirect immunocytochemical method in the pineal complex of various vertebrates (carassius auratus, cyprinus carpio, hypophthalamichthys molitrix, lucioperca lucioperca, triturus vulgaris, bombina bombina, rana esculenta, pseudemys scripta elegans, lacerta agilis et viridis, white leghorn chickens, rat), in the retina of lebistes reticulatus, lucioperca lucioperca, rana esculenta, lacerta agilis, pseudemys scripta elegans, the chicken and the rat, ...	1980	7456628
propriospinal fibers interconnecting the spinal enlargements in some quadrupedal reptiles.	the cells of origin, course and site of termination of long propriospinal fibers interconnecting the intumescences have been studied with the aid of the horseradish peroxidase technique, as well as with anterograde degeneration techniques, in some quadrupedal reptiles (the lizards tupinambis nigropunctatus and varanus exanthematicus, and the turtles testudo hermanni and pseudemys scripta elegans). the anterograde degeneration findings suggest that long descending propriospinal fibers from the ce ...	1980	6933169
cells of origin of pathways descending to the spinal cord in some quadrupedal reptiles.	the cells of origin of pathways descending to the spinal cord have been determined in several quadrupedal reptiles, viz., the turtle pseudemys scripta elegans and testudo hermanni and the lizards tupinambis nigropunctatus and varanus exanthematicus, following a technique introduced by kuypers and maisky ('75). this technique was very effective in producing retrograde transport of hrp to a great many neurons in the hypothalamus and in the brain stem. projections from the hypothalamus (the nucleus ...	1980	7419757