Publications

detection of tick-borne pathogens in the korean water deer (hydropotes inermis argyropus) from jeonbuk province, korea.	the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in the korean water deer (hydropotes inermis argyropus). pathogens were identified using pcr which included anaplasma, ehrlichia, rickettsia, and theileria. rickettsia was not detected, whereas anaplasma, ehrlichia, and theileria infections were detected in 4, 2, and 8 animals, respectively. the most prevalent pathogen was theileria. of the 8 theileria-positive animals, 2 were mixed-infected with 3 pathogens (a ...	2015	26537046
successful isolation of leishmania infantum from rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (acari: ixodidae) collected from naturally infected dogs.	the main transmission route of leishmania infantum is through the bites of sand flies. however, alternative mechanisms are being investigated, such as through the bites of ticks, which could have epidemiological relevance. the objective of this work was to verify the presence of leishmania spp. in rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato collected from naturally infected dogs in the federal district of brazil.	2015	26452666
development of a pan-babesia fret-qpcr and a survey of livestock from five caribbean islands.	babesia spp. are tick-borne protozoan hemoparasites and the second most common blood-borne parasites of mammals, in particular domestic animals. we used the clustal multiple alignment program and 18s rrna gene sequences of 22 babesia species from genbank to develop a pcr that could detect a wide variety of babesia spp. in a single reaction. the pan-babesia fret-qpcr we developed reliably detected b. gibsoni, b. canis, b. vogeli, b. microti, b. bovis, and b. divergens under controlled conditions ...	2015	26423577
risk factors for fatal outcome from rocky mountain spotted fever in a highly endemic area-arizona, 2002-2011.	rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) is a disease that now causes significant morbidity and mortality on several american indian reservations in arizona. although the disease is treatable, reported rmsf case fatality rates from this region are high (7%) compared to the rest of the nation (<1%), suggesting a need to identify clinical points for intervention.	2015	25697742
comparative evaluation of the vector competence of four south american populations of the rhipicephalus sanguineus group for the bacterium ehrlichia canis, the agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis.	this study compared the vector competence of four populations of rhipicephalus sanguineus group ticks for the bacterium ehrlichia canis, the agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme). ticks (larvae and nymphs) from the four populations-one from são paulo state, southeastern brazil (bsp), one from rio grande do sul state, southern brazil (brs), one from argentina (arg), and one from uruguay (uru)-were exposed to e. canis infection by feeding on dogs that were experimentally infected with e. ca ...	2015	26414283
characterisation of dermanyssus gallinae glutathione s-transferases and their potential as acaricide detoxification proteins.	glutathione s-transferases (gsts) facilitate detoxification of drugs by catalysing the conjugation of the reduced glutathione (gsh) to electrophilic xenobiotic substrates and therefore have a function in multi-drug resistance. as a result, knowledge of gsts can inform both drug resistance in, and novel interventions for, the control of endo- and ectoparasite species. acaricide resistance and the need for novel control methods are both pressing needs for dermanyssus gallinae, a highly economicall ...	2015	26112960
mediterranean spotted fever: case series of 24 years (1989-2012).	mediterranean spotted fever (msf) is the most prevalent zoonosis in portugal. to characterize it's evolution between 1989 and 2012, the authors reviewed the cases diagnosed at their unit during this period.	2015	26090319
hematobiochemical changes in ehrlichiosis in dogs of anand region, gujarat.	the present research work was undertaken to study the diagnostic importance of hematobiochemical changes in naturally occurring ehrlichiosis in dogs of anand region, gujarat irrespective of their age, breed, and sex.	2015	27065635
prevention of transmission of babesia canis by dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs treated orally with fluralaner chewable tablets (bravecto™).	the preventive effect of fluralaner chewable tablets (bravecto™) against transmission of babesia canis by dermacentor reticulatus ticks was evaluated.	2015	26040319
acute febrile illness is associated with rickettsia spp infection in dogs.	rickettsia conorii is transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and causes mediterranean spotted fever (msf) in humans. although dogs are considered the natural host of the vector, the clinical and epidemiological significance of r. conorii infection in dogs remains unclear. the aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether rickettsia infection causes febrile illness in dogs living in areas endemic for human msf.	2015	25886403
the role of cd8 t lymphocytes in rickettsial infections.	arthropod-borne obligately intracellular bacteria pose a difficult challenge to the immune system. the genera rickettsia, orientia, ehrlichia, and anaplasma evolved mechanisms of immune evasion, and each interacts differently with the immune system. the roles of cd8 t cells include protective immunity and immunopathology. in rickettsia infections, cd8 t cells are protective mediated in part by cytotoxicity toward infected cells. in contrast, tnf-α overproduction by cd8 t cells is pathogenic in l ...	2015	25823954
detection of dirofilaria immitis and other arthropod-borne filarioids by an hrm real-time qpcr, blood-concentrating techniques and a serological assay in dogs from costa rica.	canine filarioids are important nematodes transmitted to dogs by arthropods. diagnosis of canine filariosis is accomplished by the microscopic identification of microfilariae, serology or pcr for filarial-dna. the aim of this study was to evaluate a molecular assay for the detection of canine filariae in dog blood, to compare its performance to other diagnostic techniques, and to determine the relationship between microfilarial concentration and infection with other vector-borne pathogens.	2015	25851920
molecular detection of tick-borne rickettsial and protozoan pathogens in domestic dogs from turkey.	canine tick-borne parasites have emerged in recent years, showing a wider geographic distribution and increased global prevalence. in addition to their veterinary importance, domestic dogs play an important role in the transmission cycles of some agents by acting as reservoirs and sentinels. this study investigated babesia, theileria, anaplasma, and ehrlichia species in asymptomatic dogs in ten provinces of turkey.	2015	25889911
a tick vector transmission model of monocytotropic ehrlichiosis.	ehrlichioses are emerging, tick-borne diseases distributed worldwide. previously established animal models use needle inoculation as a mode of infection; however, there is limited representation of natural transmission in artificially inoculated models compared with transmission by the tick vector. the objective of this study was to develop a tick vector transmission animal model of ehrlichial infection using a human pathogen, ehrlichia muris-like agent (emla).	2015	25737562
fluralaner activity against life stages of ticks using rhipicephalus sanguineus and ornithodoros moubata in in vitro contact and feeding assays.	fluralaner is a novel isoxazoline eliciting both acaricidal and insecticidal activity through potent blockage of gaba- and glutamate-gated chloride channels. the aim of the study was to investigate the susceptibility of juvenile stages of common tick species exposed to fluralaner through either contact (rhipicephalus sanguineus) or contact and feeding routes (ornithodoros moubata).	2015	25888750
one-month comparative efficacy of three topical ectoparasiticides against adult brown dog ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) on mixed-bred dogs in controlled environment.	this study was designed to compare the therapeutic and residual efficacy for 1 month of three topical ectoparasiticides on mixed-bred dogs against the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. adult dogs (n = 32, 10.8-18.4 kg bw) were allocated to 4 groups (n = 8) and infested with 50 adult ticks on days -8, -2, 7, 14, 21, and 28. within each group, dogs were treated topically on day 0 with a control solution (cs), vectra 3d (dpp), frontline plus (fm), or k9 advantix (ip). ticks were enumerated ...	2015	25656465
rickettsial infection caused by accidental conjunctival inoculation.	the most common transmission route of tick-borne rickettsia is through tick bite; nevertheless, other transmission routes should also be considered. we report a case of rickettsial infection in a 15-year-old boy caused by accidental contamination of the conjunctiva through the infected fluid of a crushed engorged tick removed from a dog. right eye pain, conjunctival hyperaemia with mucopurulent exudate, chemosis and eyelid oedema were the first signs and symptoms. two days later, the boy develop ...	2015	25568272
spatial distribution of anaplasma phagocytophilum and hepatozoon canis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in hungary.	in recent years, ehrlichia canis and hepatozoon canis transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus were reported from hungary. the aim of the present study was to reveal the spatial distribution pattern of pathogens transmitted by r. sanguineus in a sentinel species, red fox (vulpes vulpes) in hungary and to analyse the relationship of these patterns with landscape and climate by geographical information systems. fox carcasses, representing 0.5% of the total fox population were randomly selected out ...	2015	26065623
tick-borne diseases (borreliosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis) in german and austrian dogs: status quo and review of distribution, transmission, clinical findings, diagnostics and prophylaxis.	tick-borne diseases (tbd) in dogs have gained in significance in german and austrian veterinary practices. the widespread european tick species ixodes ricinus represents an important vector for spirochaetes of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group and rickettsiales such as anaplasma phagocytophilum. the meadow or ornate dog tick (dermacentor reticulatus) is an important vector for babesia canis, as is the brown dog tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus) for babesia vogeli in the mediterranean regio ...	2015	26152408
comparative profiling of micrornas in male and female rhipicephalus sanguineus.	rhipicephalus sanguineus is an ectoparasite of medical and veterinary significance, which can transmit a number of pathogens including babesia canis, ehrlichia canis, and rickettsia conorii. micrornas (mirnas) are recognized as regulators in sex differentiation in dioecious species. we here investigated and compared the mirna profiles of male and female adults of r. sanguineus by combining solexa deep sequencing with bioinformatics platform and quantitative real-time pcr. a total of 11.88 and 16 ...	2015	26054615
molecular identification of theileria and babesia in ticks collected from sheep and goats in the black sea region of turkey.	a molecular survey was undertaken in the black sea region of turkey to determine the presence of theileria and babesia species of medical and veterinary importance. the ticks were removed from sheep and goats, pooled according to species and locations, and analyzed by pcr-based reverse line blot (rlb) and sequencing. a total of 2241 ixodid ticks belonging to 5 genus and 12 species were collected and divided into 310 pools. infection rates were calculated as the maximum likelihood estimation (mle ...	2015	25260692
molecular detection of anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis in dogs from kabylie, algeria.	ehrlichia canis and anaplasma platys are bacteria belonging to the anaplasmataceae family that cause acute, self-limiting and sometimes fatal vector-borne infections in dogs. these bacteria have been reported worldwide and are transmitted mainly by rhipicephalus sanguineus. aside from a report on e. canis once in 1935, no other anaplasmataceae bacteria have been reported in algeria to date. the aim of this study was to identify the microbial species implicated in ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis by ...	2015	25583345
canine vector-borne co-infections: ehrlichia canis and hepatozoon canis in the same host monocytes.	the protozoon hepatozoon canis and the rickettsia ehrlichia canis are tick-borne pathogens, transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus, which cause canine hepatozoonosis and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, respectively. co-infection of the same host monocytes with h. canis and e. canis confirmed by molecular characterization of the infecting agents and quantitative assessment of co-infected cells is described for the first time in three naturally-infected dogs. blood smear evaluation indicated that ...	2015	25560923
multiplex pcr for molecular screening of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma spp. and babesia spp.	ticks transmit a great variety of pathogenic microorganisms to humans and animals. the detection of tick-borne pathogens (tbp) is mainly by molecular techniques based on polymerase chain reactions (pcr).	2015	26706969
infection with ehrlichia canis and anaplasma platys (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) in two lineages of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (acari: ixodidae) from argentina.	natural infection with ehrlichia canis and anaplasma platys in ticks belonging to the tropical and temperate lineages of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato from argentina was evaluated. samples were tested for ehrlichia canis infection by pcr assays using 16s rrna, dsb and p28 gene, while detection of a. platys was performed with 16s rrna and groesl gene. the assignment of the ticks to each lineage was corroborated with 16s rdna sequences. all ticks infected with e. canis and a. platys belonged ...	2015	26100492
seroprevalence survey of babesia gibsoni infection and tick species in dogs in east china.	a seroprevalence survey of babesia gibsoni infection in dogs in east china was conducted using an elisa with recombinant b. gibsoni thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (bgtrap). a total of 1170 dogs from east china were examined and the seroprevalence was 9.23%. the proportion of samples was 81.2%, 7.86% and 10.94% from pet, working and fighting dogs, respectively. the fighting dogs showed highest seroprevalence (39.8%) compared with working dogs (26.1%) and pet dogs (3.47%). these results i ...	2015	26483164
crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus clade iv (asia 1) in ticks of western iran.	crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is transmitted through the bite of an infected tick, or by direct contact with cchfv-infected patients' blood or the products of infected livestock. in 2012, ticks were collected in eight regions of lorestan province, iran. in total, 434 ticks were collected. reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of cchfv rna. of 434 ticks, 419 (96.6%) ticks were from the family ixodidae (hard ticks) and 15 (3.5%) ticks were from ...	2015	26336221
the efficacy of a generic doxycycline tablet in the treatment of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis.	the objective of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a generic doxycycline tablet (doxyvet) against ehrlichia canis infection in dogs. canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by the bacterium e. canis and transmitted by the brown kennel tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus). six disease-free and tick-free dogs were infested with e. canis infected ticks. once diagnosed (with polymerase chain reaction [pcr] analysis and platelet counts) as positive for infection, doxycycline ta ...	2015	26018824
survey of ehrlichia canis, babesia spp. and hepatozoon spp. in dogs from a semiarid region of brazil.	this study assessed the occurrence of ehrlichia spp., babesia spp. and hepatozoon spp. infections in 100 tick-harboring dogs from a semiarid region of the state of paraíba, northeastern brazil. blood samples and ticks were collected from the animals, and a questionnaire was submitted to dog owners to obtain general data. blood samples were used to perform hemogram, direct blood smear and immunological and molecular hemoparasite detection. the 1,151 ticks collected were identified as rhipicephalu ...	2015	25909253
a serological and molecular survey of babesia vogeli, ehrlichia canis and rickettsia spp. among dogs in the state of maranhão, northeastern brazil.	this study evaluated exposure and infection by tick-borne agents (babesia vogeli, ehrlichia canis and rickettsia spp.) in 172 dogs in rural areas and 150 dogs in urban areas of the municipality of chapadinha, state of maranhão, northeastern brazil, using molecular and serological methods. overall, 16.1% of the sampled dogs (52/322) were seroreactive to b. vogeli, with endpoint titers ranging from 40 to 640. for e. canis, 14.6% of the dogs (47/322) were seroreactive, with endpoint titers from 80 ...	2015	25909250
rhipicephalus rossicus, a neglected tick at the margin of europe: a review of its distribution, ecology and medical importance.	rhipicephalus rossicus (ixodida: ixodidae) is a three-host tick with a broad host spectrum that includes wild animals, pets, livestock and humans. despite its local abundance in certain areas, most of the available information on r. rossicus was published decades ago, mainly by former soviet authors. its distribution largely overlaps the eurasian steppe. however, its range may be more extensive than is currently known because this species may have been misidentified as rhipicephalus sanguineus, ...	2015	25761411
molecular screening for rickettsia, anaplasmataceae and coxiella burnetii in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from malaysia.	a total of 44 rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected from 23 dogs from malaysia were screened for rickettsia, anaplasmataceae and coxiella burnetii. coxiella burnetii was detected in 59% (26/44) of ticks however rickettsia and anaplasmataceae were not detected in any of the ticks. in order to genotype the strains of c. burnetii, multispacer sequence typing (mst) was carried out using three different spacers. one of the spacers; cox2 successfully amplified a fragment for which the full length s ...	2015	26691268
[factors associated with ehrlichia canis infection in dogs infested with ticks from huanuco, peru].	the aim of the study was to determine the frequency and associated factors of ehrlichia canis infection in dogs. blood samples from 150 dogs infested with ticks in 10 veterinary clinics in the city of huanuco in peru were collected. the dogs were randomly selected without regard to breed, age or sex. ehrlichia canis antibodies were detected by chromatographic immunoassay.51.3% of dogs were infected with ehrlichia canis. in the multivariate analysis, factors associated with the presence of ehrlic ...	2015	26732926
rickettsial diseases and ectoparasites from military bases in japan.	ectoparasitic arthropods are often vectors of rickettsiosis. we conducted a survey of ectoparasites on u.s. military facilities throughout japan with the use of specimens submitted by pest control, public health, and veterinary personnel. over 1,600 individual ectoparasites were collected. fifteen species were identified, including several significant vectors of human diseases such as scrub typhus and rickettsial spotted fevers. these ectoparasites included ctenocephalides felis , haemaphysalis ...	2015	25548900
molecular diagnosis of ehrlichia canis in dogs and ticks rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae) in yucatan, mexico.	ehrlichia canis is the etiological agent behind canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, and the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) is its main vector. blood smear and nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques were used to identify e. canis infection in dogs and r. sanguineus, and explore factors possibly associated with infection in dogs in yucatan, mexico. blood samples were taken and ticks r. sanguineus collected from 50 dogs (10 house dogs and 40 in an animal control center). data were ...	2015	26336286
seroprevalence of tick-borne pathogens and tick infestation in dogs from tapirapé and karajá indigenous communities, brazil.	with the aim of studying some tick-borne diseases, a total of 327 dogs (114 from tapirapé and 213 from karajá indigenous ethnicity, mato grosso, mt, brazil) were sampled. serum samples were submitted to the indirect fluorescence antibody test (ifat) to detect antibodies against babesia vogeli, ehrlichia canis, and rickettsia spp. possible associations of risk factors and the occurrence of seroreativity to tick-borne agents and tick infestations were analyzed through chi-squared tests. among 327 ...	2015	26186512
further thoughts on the taxonomy and vector role of rhipicephalus sanguineus group ticks.	rhipicephalus sanguineus is a tick species described in 1806 by latreille, based on specimens probably collected in france. however, this is a taxon with uncertain morphological definition and recent studies have gathered irrefutable evidence supporting the existence of a cryptic species-complex under the name 'r. sanguineus', whose number of sibling species around the world has yet to be ascertained. this fact is of great medical and veterinary concern, also considering that ticks currently ide ...	2015	25579394
hemocytes of rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae): characterization, population abundance, and ultrastructural changes following challenge with leishmania infantum.	few studies have examined the cellular immune response of ticks, and further research on the characterization of the hemocytes of ticks is required, particularly on those of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) because of the medical and veterinary importance of this tick. the aims of this study were to characterize the morphology and the ultrastructure of the different types of hemocytes of adult r. sanguineus and to determine the population abundance and the ultrastructural changes in the hemo ...	2015	26336264
the role of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato saliva in the dissemination of rickettsia conorii in c3h/hej mice.	animal models have been developed for the study of rickettsial pathogenesis. however, to understand what occurs during the natural route of rickettsial transmission via the tick bite, the role of tick saliva should be considered in these models. to address this, we analysed the role of tick saliva in the transmission of rickettsia conorii (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae) in a murine host by intradermally (i.d.) inoculating two groups of susceptible c3h/hej mice with this rickettsia, and infesting ...	2015	26011701
identification of tick species and disseminate pathogen using hemolymph by maldi-tof ms.	matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is increasingly emerging tool for identification of arthropods including tick vectors using whole or body part of specimens. the challenges of the present study were to assess maldi-tof ms profiling for the both identification of tick species and rickettsia spp. in infected ticks using hemolymph as protein mixture.	2015	26051210
levels of certain endothelial biomarkers during the acute phase and convalescence in patients with different severity of mediterranean spotted fever.	mediterranean spotted fever (msf) is a tick-borne disease caused by rickettsia conorii subspp. conorii. it is transmitted by the bite of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus. modified by the rickettsial invasion, the micro-vascular endothelium acquires an activated inflammatory phenotype and initiates secretion of cytokines and expression of cell adhesion molecules (cams) and chemoattractans.	2015	24712278
mediterranean spotted fever and hearing impairment: a rare complication.	mediterranean spotted fever (msf) is caused by rickettsia conorii and transmitted by the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus. it is prevalent in southern europe, africa and central asia. the disease usually has a benign course and is characterized by fever, myalgia and a characteristic papular rash with an inoculation eschar ('tache noir') at the site of the tick bite. severe forms of disease can have cardiac, neurologic or renal involvement. nervous system complications are unusual and may ...	2015	25892247
rickettsia rickettsii and rickettsia felis infection in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and ctenocephalides felis fleas co-existing in a small city in yucatan, mexico.		2015	26611982
isolation of rickettsia massiliae from rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, buenos aires (argentina).	rickettsia massiliae , a member of the spotted fever group of rickettsia, was first isolated from a rhipicephalus turanicus tick in france. in the new world, it has been detected in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from different geographical locations in argentina and the united states, but it has only been isolated in arizona. the aim of this study was the isolation and genetic characterization of r. massiliae from r. sanguineus ticks collected from dogs in buenos aires city, argentina. in total ...	2015	26301512
rickettsia parkeri infecting free-living amblyomma triste ticks in the brazilian pantanal.	the present study evaluated the infection of rickettsiae in 151 rhipicephalus sanguineus, 59 amblyomma ovale, 166 amblyomma triste, one amblyomma dissimile and four amblyomma dubitatum ticks collected in the municipality of poconé, state of mato grosso, within the pantanal biome of brazil. ticks were individually processed by the hemolymph test with gimenez staining, isolation of rickettsia in vero cell culture by the shell vial technique, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting the citrat ...	2015	25650348
molecular detection of rickettsia species within ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected from arkansas united states.	rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), caused by the etiological agent rickettsia rickettsii, is the most severe and frequently reported rickettsial illness in the united states, and is commonly diagnosed throughout the southeast. with the discoveries of rickettsia parkeri and other spotted fever group rickettsiae (sfgr) in ticks, it remains inconclusive if the cases reported as rmsf are truly caused by r. rickettsii or other sfgr. arkansas reports one of the highest incidence rates of rmsf in the ...	2015	26334827
altitudinal and seasonal differences of tick communities in dogs from pastoralist tribes of northern kenya.	studies regarding the distribution and ecology of ticks in dogs from eastern africa are scarce. our research was based on a long-term screening of ticks parasitising the domestic dogs living with indigenous people around lake turkana, mt. kulal and mt. nyiru areas, northern kenya. a total of 9977 ticks were collected from 1464 dogs of all ages and both sexes. identification was performed using morphological keys and data were analyzed using the repeated measures anova, post-hoc scheffe test and ...	2015	26343303
an update on the ecological distribution of the ixodidae ticks in zimbabwe.	in total 7657 ticks were collected from 121 dip tanks in 12 districts representative of zimbabwe's five ecological regions between september 2013 and may 2014. based on morphological traits four genera and 13 species of ticks were identified. amblyomma hebraeum (60.3 %), rhipicephalus microplus (58.7 %), rhipicephalus decoloratus (47.1 %), rhipicephalus appendiculatus (56.2 %), rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (67.8 %), rhipicephalus (near) punctatus (13.2 %), hyalomma truncatum (38 %) and hyalomma ...	2015	25721256
morphological effects of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) seed oil with known azadirachtin concentrations on the oocytes of semi-engorged rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks (acari: ixodidae).	the concern about the harmful effects caused by synthetic pesticides has led to the search for safe and ecological alternatives for pest control. in this context, the neem tree (azadirachta indica) stands out due to its repellent properties and effects on various arthropods, including ticks. for this reason, this study aimed to demonstrate the potential of neem as a control method for rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, important vectors of diseases in the veterinary point of view. for this, r. sang ...	2015	25346198
[distribution of tick species spread in kütahya vicinity].	this study was performed to determine the tick species infested to the cattle and small ruminants in kütahya province and their seasonal activity and prevalence.	2015	26081885
preliminary investigation on tick fauna in the neighborhood of tarquinia, lazio, italy.	this study represents a preliminary inquiry on tick fauna composition carried out in maremma, central italy, where very few data are available.	2015	25857387
tick species (acari: ixodida) in antalya city, turkey: species diversity and seasonal activity.	ticks (acari: ixodida) are an important group of ectoparasites of vertebrates. most species are known vectors of diseases including lyme disease, q fever, and crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. a 3-year research was conducted in antalya, turkey, to determine tick species composition, seasonal abundance, and spatial distribution. the study was carried out in five districts (aksu, dosemealtı, kepez, konyaaltı, and muratpasa) of antalya metropolitan municipality area in turkey, between may 2010 and m ...	2015	25869959
effects of andiroba (carapa guianensis) oil in ticks: ultrastructural analysis of the synganglion of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae).	the present study performed an analysis of the ultrastructural changes induced by andiroba seed oil in the synganglion of rhipicephalus sanguineus female ticks, aiming to provide scientific grounds to help in the creation of more specific and efficient methods of control. the synganglion consists of a mass of fused nerves externally covered by the neural lamella, a uniform and acellular layer. just below, the perineurium is found, formed by glial cells. internally, the synganglion is subdivided ...	2015	25261600
identification of non-host semiochemicals for the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (acari: ixodidae), from tick-resistant beagles, canis lupus familiaris.	studies have shown that the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, when fed on the beagle breed of dog, canis lupus familiaris, development negatively affected in comparison with tick development after feeding on the english cocker spaniel breed. thus leading to the suggestion that beagle dogs are be tick-resistant dogs. behavioural studies have demonstrated that more ticks are attracted by extracts from cocker spaniels than from beagles and that the odour of beagles is a repellent ...	2015	26103925
urban stray cats infested by ectoparasites with zoonotic potential in greece.	a large population of stray cats is encountered in many urban areas sharing the same environment with people, usually being in a close direct contact with them. a variety of ectoparasites can infest such cats, causing mild dermatological abnormalities to more severe systemic disorders. in order to determine the extent of which stray cats carry ectoparasites, particularly those of zoonotic potential, 341 stray cats originating from the urban area of thessaloniki, greece, were examined between 201 ...	2015	26319525
comparative efficacy of two oral treatments for dogs containing either afoxolaner or fluralaner against rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and dermacentor reticulatus.	the present study compares the efficacy of two recent oral ectoparasiticides containing isoxazolines (nexgard(®), containing afoxolaner and administered at a monthly regimen, and bravecto™ containing fluralaner and administered at a tri-monthly regimen) against rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and dermacentor reticulatus ticks on dogs. 24 dogs were randomly allocated to untreated control, nexgard(®) treated, and bravecto™ treated groups. the treatments were administered on days 0, 28 and 56 f ...	2015	25716658
ticks infesting wild and domestic animals and humans of sri lanka with new host records.	an island-wide collection of tick species infesting humans, domesticated and wild animals and questing ticks in domestic and peridomestic environments was carried out during 2009-2011. a total of 30,461 ticks were collected from 30 different hosts and free living stages from the ground. the collection consisted of 22 tick species from 30 different hosts recording 12 tick species from humans, 19 from domesticated animals and 21 from wild animals, with a total of 97 new host records. the most comm ...	2015	25445744
potential of the chemical dinotefuran in the control of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae) semi-engorged female ticks.	ticks are vectors of several pathogens to vertebrates, including the human being. they produce lesions on the hosts during the blood feeding and great economic losses. several chemical acaricides have been used in an attempt to control tick infestations; however these substances are harmful to both the human being and non-target organisms, and to the environment. therefore, there is a need to fight these ectoparasites through less harmful methods, less aggressive to the environment, non-target o ...	2015	25956944
bacterial and protozoal agents of canine vector-borne diseases in the blood of domestic and stray dogs from southern portugal.	the so-called canine vector-borne diseases (cvbd) are caused by a wide range of pathogens transmitted by arthropods. in addition to their veterinary importance, many of these canine vector-borne pathogens can also affect the human population due to their zoonotic potential, a situation that requires a one health approach. as the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in cats from southern portugal has been recently evaluated, the aim of the present study was to assess if the same agents were prese ...	2015	25886525
canine vector-borne infections in mauritius.	canine vector-borne diseases have a worldwide distribution, but to the best of our knowledge, no research has been carried out to evaluate their presence on the indian ocean island of mauritius. an investigation into canine vector-borne infections was conducted in dogs (n = 78) resident at an animal shelter in port louis, mauritius using a combination of traditional microscopy and serological methods.	2015	25889893
transcriptome analysis of the central and peripheral nervous systems of the spider cupiennius salei reveals multiple putative cys-loop ligand gated ion channel subunits and an acetylcholine binding protein.	invertebrates possess a diverse collection of pentameric cys-loop ligand gated ion channel (lgic) receptors whose molecular structures, evolution and relationships to mammalian counterparts have been intensely investigated in several clinically and agriculturally important species. these receptors are targets for a variety of control agents that may also harm beneficial species. however, little is known about cys-loop receptors in spiders, which are important natural predators of insects. we ass ...	2015	26368804
efficacy of fluralaner flavored chews (bravecto) administered to dogs against the adult cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis and egg production.	fluralaner is a potent insecticide and acaricide with rapid and persistent efficacy. this study measured the efficacy of fluralaner flavored chews (bravecto®, merck animal health) administered to dogs against adult ctenocephalides felis felis and egg production.	2015	26160349
rocky mountain spotted fever characterization and comparison to similar illnesses in a highly endemic area-arizona, 2002-2011.	rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) has emerged as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality since 2002 on tribal lands in arizona. the explosive nature of this outbreak and the recognition of an unexpected tick vector, rhipicephalus sanguineus, prompted an investigation to characterize rmsf in this unique setting and compare rmsf cases to similar illnesses.	2015	25697743
ticks and associated pathogens collected from cats in sicily and calabria (italy).	limited information is available about the species of ticks infesting the cat and the pathogens that they harbor. the aims of the present study were to identify the species of ticks removed from cats living in sicily and calabria (italy) and to detect dna of vector-borne pathogens in the same ticks.	2015	26445916
candidatus neoehrlichia sp. in an austrian fox is distinct from candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis, but closer related to candidatus neoehrlichia lotoris.	candidatus neoehrlichia came under the focus of recent research in terms of human and pet relevance. candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis seems to be relatively abundant in animals and humans from central european countries, whereas candidatus neoehrlichia lotoris was found solely in raccoons from the usa.	2015	26471191
molecular detection of vector-borne agents in dogs from ten provinces of china.	although many vector-borne agents are potential zoonoses and cause substantial morbidity and mortality in dogs worldwide, there are limited data on these organisms in dogs of china.	2015	26428085
update on epidemiology of canine babesiosis in southern france.	canine babesiosis is an emerging or re-emerging disease caused by babesia and theileria protozoans, also called piroplasms, transmitted by ixodid ticks. in europe, four etiological agents have been identified to date, namely babesia canis, b. vogeli, b. gibsoni and theileria annae. france has a high prevalence of canine babesiosis and two tick species, dermacentor reticulatus and rhipicephalus sanguineus, are supposed to transmit b. canis and b. vogeli respectively. in southern france, where dog ...	2015	26303260
reclassification of theileria annae as babesia vulpes sp. nov.	theileria annae is a tick-transmitted small piroplasmid that infects dogs and foxes in north america and europe. due to disagreement on its placement in the theileria or babesia genera, several synonyms have been used for this parasite, including babesia spanish dog isolate, babesia microti-like, babesia (theileria) annae, and babesia cf. microti. infections by this parasite cause anemia, thrombocytopenia, and azotemia in dogs but are mostly subclinical in red foxes (vulpes vulpes). furthermore, ...	2015	25890372
targeted silencing of the aquaporin 2 gene of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus reduces tick fitness.	ticks are blood-feeding arthropods that can affect human and animal health both directly by blood-feeding and indirectly by transmitting pathogens. the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is one of the most economically important ectoparasites of bovines worldwide and it is responsible for the transmission of the protozoan babesia bovis, the etiological agent of bovine babesiosis. aquaporins (aqps) are water channel proteins implicated in physiological mechanisms of osmoregulation. m ...	2015	26626727
repellency and acaricidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks on dogs.	a blinded, controlled laboratory study was conducted to assess the repellency and acaricidal activity of a topical spot on formulation, a combination of fipronil and permethrin, against ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks on dogs.	2015	26463998
the first detection of rickettsia aeschlimannii and rickettsia massiliae in rhipicephalus turanicus ticks, in northwest china.	rickettsia spp. belonging to the spotted fever group (sfg) cause infections in humans, domestic animals and wildlife. at least five sfg rickettsial species have been reported in china, but the occurrence of rickettsia aeschlimannii and r. massiliae in ticks has not been characterized to date.	2015	26652857
seroprevalence and risk factors of ehrlichia canis infection among companion dogs of mashhad, north east of iran, 2009-2010.	the aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of canine ehrlichiosis and risk factors of this disease in companion dogs' population of mashhad, north east of iran. canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) is a zoonotic disease transmitted by ticks, rhipicephalus sanguineus, and caused by an obligate intracellular bacterium, ehrlichia canis.	2015	26623430
repellency, prevention of attachment and acaricidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against the main vector of canine babesiosis in europe, dermacentor reticulatus ticks.	dermacentor reticulatus is a european hard tick of major veterinary importance because it is the vector of canine babesiosis due to babesia canis. the efficacy against this particular tick species is therefore a key characteristic for an acaricidal solution for dogs. the repellency, prevention of attachment and acaricidal efficacy of frontline tri- act/frontect, a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against induced infestations of dermacentor reticulatus ticks on dogs were evaluated after ...	2015	25622802
a molecular survey of vector-borne pathogens in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from bosnia and herzegovina.	red foxes (vulpes vulpes) have recently been recognized as potential reservoirs of several vector-borne pathogens and a source of infection for domestic dogs and humans, mostly due to their close vicinity to urban areas and frequent exposure to different arthropod vectors. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence and distribution of babesia spp., hepatozoon canis, anaplasma spp., bartonella spp., 'candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis', ehrlichia canis, rickettsia spp. and blood filaro ...	2015	25889961
expanding range of amblyomma americanum and simultaneous changes in the epidemiology of spotted fever group rickettsiosis in the united states.	spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia species are etiologic agents of a wide range of human infections from asymptomatic or mild infections to severe, life-threatening disease. in the united states, recent passive surveillance for sfg rickettsiosis shows an increased incidence and decreased severity of reported cases. the reasons for this are not well understood; however, we hypothesize that less pathogenic rickettsiae are causing more human infections, while the incidence of disease caused by mo ...	2015	26503270
anaplasma infection of bactrian camels (camelus bactrianus) and ticks in xinjiang, china.	to date, anaplasmosis has been reported to be a subclinical disease in indian and arabian one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius) and llamas (lama glama). however, no information on anaplasma infection in two-humped bactrian camels (camelus bactrianus) in china has been published to date. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anaplasma spp. in domestic bactrian camels and ticks in xinjiang, china.	2015	26055661
histoarchitecture of the ovary of rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus during pre- and postengorgement period.	the present communication describes the detailed day wise study of histological changes of the ovary of rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus in the postengorgement period together with the systematic classification of their oocytes. the ovary of r. (b.) annulatus is panoistic type with an asynchronous development of oocytes. all the stages (ii, iii, iv, and v) of oocytes except stage i were similar to r. (b.) microplus. the stage i oocytes showed basophilia, which was not reported earlier in othe ...	2015	25664337
immunosuppressive effects of amblyomma cajennense tick saliva on murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.	dendritic cells (dcs) are professional antigen-presenting cells with vital roles in the activation of host immunity. ticks are bloodsucking arthropods that secrete bioactive compounds with immunomodulatory properties via their saliva. it is known that some tick species modulate the biology of dcs with different intensities; however, studies on amblyomma cajennense, the cayenne tick, have not yet been performed, although this species is considered one of the most capable of modulating immune resp ...	2015	25586117
satellite hyperspectral imagery to support tick-borne infectious diseases surveillance.	this study proposed the use of satellite hyperspectral imagery to support tick-borne infectious diseases surveillance based on monitoring the variation in amplifier hosts food sources. to verify this strategy, we used the data of the human rickettsiosis occurrences in southeastern brazil, region in which the emergence of this disease is associated with the rising capybara population. spatio-temporal analysis based on monte carlo simulations was used to identify risk areas of human rickettsiosis ...	2015	26599337
high seroprevalence for spotted fever group rickettsiae, is associated with higher temperatures and rural environment in mbeya region, southwestern tanzania.	rickettsioses are endemic in sub-sahara africa. burden of disease, risk factors and transmission are hitherto sparsely described.	2015	25849718
bacteria associated with amblyomma cajennense tick eggs.	ticks represent a large group of pathogen vectors that blood feed on a diversity of hosts. in the americas, the ixodidae ticks amblyomma cajennense are responsible for severe impact on livestock and public health. in the present work, we present the isolation and molecular identification of a group of culturable bacteria associated with a. cajennense eggs from females sampled in distinct geographical sites in southeastern brazil. additional comparative analysis of the culturable bacteria from an ...	2015	26537602
detection of rickettsia spp in ticks by maldi-tof ms.	matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has been shown to be an effective tool for the rapid identification of arthropods, including tick vectors of human diseases.	2015	25659152
first report of anaplasma platys infection in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and molecular detection of ehrlichia canis and leishmania infantum in foxes from portugal.	the bacteria anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis and the protozoan leishmania infantum are vector-borne agents that cause canine vector-borne diseases, some of which are zoonotic. the present survey investigated the prevalence of anaplasma, ehrlichia and leishmania in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from portugal by molecular analysis, in order to evaluate the epidemiological role of these canids as reservoirs of infection.	2015	25889750
efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against ctenocephalides felis flea infestation in dogs.	five studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin on cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis, when applied to dogs, including dogs that underwent water exposure or shampooing.	2015	25630582
fipronil and permethrin combination: a novel ectoparasiticide for dogs.		2015	25622552
emerging horizons for tick-borne pathogens: from the 'one pathogen-one disease' vision to the pathobiome paradigm.	ticks, as vectors of several notorious zoonotic pathogens, represent an important and increasing threat for human and animal health in europe. recent applications of new technology revealed the complexity of the tick microbiome, which may affect its vectorial capacity. appreciation of these complex systems is expanding our understanding of tick-borne pathogens, leading us to evolve a more integrated view that embraces the 'pathobiome'; the pathogenic agent integrated within its abiotic and bioti ...	2015	26610021
the recent evolution of a maternally-inherited endosymbiont of ticks led to the emergence of the q fever pathogen, coxiella burnetii.	q fever is a highly infectious disease with a worldwide distribution. its causative agent, the intracellular bacterium coxiella burnetii, infects a variety of vertebrate species, including humans. its evolutionary origin remains almost entirely unknown and uncertainty persists regarding the identity and lifestyle of its ancestors. a few tick species were recently found to harbor maternally-inherited coxiella-like organisms engaged in symbiotic interactions, but their relationships to the q fever ...	2015	25978383
diagnosis and incidence risk of clinical canine monocytic ehrlichiosis under field conditions in southern europe.	canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme), due to the bacterium ehrlichia canis and transmitted by the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus, is a major tick-borne disease in southern europe. in this area, infections with other vector-borne pathogens (vbp) are also described and result in similar clinical expression. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence risk of clinical cme in those endemic areas and to assess the potential involvement of other vbp in the occurrence of clinical ...	2015	25561342
guideline for veterinary practitioners on canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in europe.	canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are important tick-borne diseases with a worldwide distribution. information has been continuously collected on these infections in europe, and publications have increased in recent years. prevalence rates are high for ehrlichia and anaplasma spp. infections in dogs from different european countries. the goal of this article was to provide a practical guideline for veterinary practitioners on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of ehrlichiosis and anapla ...	2015	25649069
anaphylaxis to the carbohydrate side chain alpha-gal.	in 2007, the monoclonal antibody cetuximab caused severe hypersensitivity reactions during the first infusion in a region of the southeastern united states. investigation of pretreatment sera established that they contained immunoglobulin (ig) e against the oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), which is present on the fab of cetuximab. alpha-gal is a blood group substance of nonprimate mammals. these ige antibodies are also associated with delayed anaphylaxis to red meat (ie ...	2015	25841549
acaricidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks.	two blinded, controlled laboratory studies were conducted to assess the acaricidal efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin (frontline tri-act/frontect) against two tick species. study a evaluated the efficacy of the product against both ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus sanguineus and study b evaluated the efficacy against r. sanguineus only.	2015	25622698
detection of canine vector-borne diseases in eastern poland by elisa and pcr.	the aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of ehrlichia canis, anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi in dogs in eastern poland and to determine the factors associated with exposure (seroposity) or infection (pcr). anti-a. phagocytophilum, anti-b. burgdorferi and anti-e. canis antibodies were determined in 400 dogs, using the snap 4dx ® test (idexx laboratories). in addition, pcrs were performed for the detection of e. canis, a. phagocytophilum and b. burgdorferi dna. in re ...	2015	26581374
emerging tick-borne infections in mainland china: an increasing public health threat.	since the beginning of the 1980s, 33 emerging tick-borne agents have been identified in mainland china, including eight species of spotted fever group rickettsiae, seven species in the family anaplasmataceae, six genospecies in the complex borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, 11 species of babesia, and the virus causing severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. in this review we have mapped the geographical distributions of human cases of infection. 15 of the 33 emerging tick-borne agents have be ...	2015	26453241
climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: the butterfly effect.	we have killed wild animals for obtaining food and decimated forests for many reasons. nowadays, we are burning fossil fuels as never before and even exploring petroleum in deep waters. the impact of these activities on our planet is now visible to the naked eye and the debate on climate change is warming up in scientific meetings and becoming a priority on the agenda of both scientists and policy decision makers. on the occasion of the impact of environmental changes on infectious diseases (iec ...	2015	26835253
modulation of host immunity by tick saliva.	next generation sequencing and proteomics have helped to comprehensively characterize gene expression in tick salivary glands at both the transcriptome and the proteome level. functional data are, however, lacking. given that tick salivary secretions are critical to the success of the tick transmission lifecycle and, as a consequence, for host colonization by the pathogens they spread, we thoroughly review here the literature on the known interactions between tick saliva (or tick salivary gland ...	2015	26189360
tick microbiome: the force within.	ticks are obligate blood-feeders and serve as vectors of human and livestock pathogens worldwide. defining the tick microbiome and deciphering the interactions between the tick and its symbiotic bacteria in the context of tick development and pathogen transmission will likely reveal new insights and spawn new paradigms to control tick-borne diseases. descriptive observations on the tick microbiome that began almost a century ago serve as forerunners to the gathering momentum to define the tick m ...	2015	25936226
identification of 24h ixodes scapularis immunogenic tick saliva proteins.	ixodes scapularis is arguably the most medically important tick species in the united states. this tick transmits 5 of the 14 human tick-borne disease (tbd) agents in the usa: borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, b. miyamotoi, babesia microti, and powassan virus disease. except for the powassan virus disease, i. scapularis-vectored tbd agents require more than 24h post attachment to be transmitted. this study describes identification of 24h immunogenic i. scapularis tick saliva prote ...	2015	25825233
tick-borne infections in human and animal population worldwide.	the abundance and activity of ectoparasites and its hosts are affected by various abiotic factors, such as climate and other organisms (predators, pathogens and competitors) presenting thus multiples forms of association (obligate to facultative, permanent to intermittent and superficial to subcutaneous) developed during long co-evolving processes. ticks are ectoparasites widespread globally and its eco epidemiology are closely related to the environmental conditions. they are obligatory hematop ...	2015	27047089
theileria annae (syn. babesia microti-like) infection in dogs in nw spain detected using direct and indirect diagnostic techniques: clinical report of 75 cases.	in north-western spain, piroplamosis caused by theileria annae is now recognized as a serious problem because veterinarians, despite being aware of the clinical signs of piroplasmosis, lack the necessary information on its epidemiology or specific diagnostic tools for its management. this, along with the fact that t. annae infection is also refractory to current piroplamosis treatments, prompted this study designed to assess the clinical presentation and diagnosis of this largely unknown parasit ...	2015	25890106
challenges posed by tick-borne rickettsiae: eco-epidemiology and public health implications.	rickettsiae are obligately intracellular bacteria that are transmitted to vertebrates by a variety of arthropod vectors, primarily by fleas and ticks. once transmitted or experimentally inoculated into susceptible mammals, some rickettsiae may cause febrile illness of different morbidity and mortality, and which can manifest with different types of exhanthems in humans. however, most rickettsiae circulate in diverse sylvatic or peridomestic reservoirs without having obvious impacts on their vert ...	2015	25954738