| detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum dna in ixodes ticks (acari: ixodidae) from madeira island and setubal district, mainland portugal. | a total of 278 ixodes ticks, collected from madeira island and setubal district, mainland portugal, were examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum. six (4%) of 142 ixodes ricinus nymphs collected in madeira island and 1 nymph and 1 male (2%) of 93 i. ventalloi collected in setubal district tested positive for a. phagocytophilum msp2 genes or rrs. infection was not detected among 43 i. ricinus on mainland portugal. all pcr products were confirmed by ... | 2004 | 15498168 |
| borrelia burgdorferi, host-derived proteases, and the blood-brain barrier. | neurological manifestations of lyme disease in humans are attributed in part to penetration of the blood-brain barrier (bbb) and invasion of the central nervous system (cns) by borrelia burgdorferi. however, how the spirochetes cross the bbb remains an unresolved issue. we examined the traversal of b. burgdorferi across the human bbb and systemic endothelial cell barriers using in vitro model systems constructed of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (bmec) and ea.hy 926, a human umbilic ... | 2005 | 15664945 |
| semi-nested pcr detection of bartonella henselae in ixodes persulcatus ticks from western siberia, russia. | questing adult ixodes persulcatus ticks from western siberia, russia were tested for infections with bartonella spp. using seminested pcr assay with primers specific to the groel gene. the proportion of ticks infected with bartonella spp. was 44% in 2002 (n = 50) and 38% in 2003 (n = 50). nucleotide sequences of a portion of the pcr products corresponded to bartonella henselae species. | 2004 | 15671737 |
| [possible types of tick-borne diseases and the predictive role of history data in their diagnosis (parasitological aspects of the problem)]. | the paper discusses the proven and probable role of different tick-borne pathogens and their combinations in the occurrence of zoonotic diseases. the variants of coexistence of various combinations of 7 proved disease agents (3 species of borrelia, 2 species of ehrlichia, babesia, and tbe virus) with different, if might to be, disease agents, such as rickettsiae of two groups, which do not belong to the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group spirochetes, are analyzed. the difference of their deve ... | 2004 | 15689134 |
| characterization of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolated in moscow province--a sympatric region for ixodes ricinus and ixodes persulcatus. | the relationships between borrelia species and the vector ticks, ixodes persulcatus and ixodes ricinus were examined in a molecular epidemiological study. we conducted a survey in the moscow region which is a sympatric region for both species of tick. we examined 630 unfed i. ricinus and i. persulcatus, ticks collected from four different regions around moscow within an area of 250 km2. eighty-four ticks were culture positive (13.3%) and the prevalence rate varied in each region from 5.7% to 42. ... | 2005 | 15715174 |
| detection and identification of ehrlichia spp. in ticks collected in tunisia and morocco. | a broad-range 16s rrna gene pcr assay followed by partial sequencing of the 16s rrna gene was used for the detection of members of the family anaplasmataceae in ticks in north africa. a total of 418 questing ixodes ricinus ticks collected in tunisia and morocco, as well as 188 rhipicephalus ticks from dogs and 52 hyalomma ticks from bovines in tunisia, were included in this study. of 324 adult i. ricinus ticks, 16.3% were positive for ehrlichia spp., whereas only 3.4 and 2.8% of nymphs and larva ... | 2005 | 15750072 |
| sequence analysis of the msp4 gene of anaplasma phagocytophilum strains. | the causative agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis was recently reclassified as anaplasma phagocytophilum, unifying previously described bacteria that cause disease in humans, horses, dogs, and ruminants. for the characterization of genetic heterogeneity in this species, the homologue of anaplasma marginale major surface protein 4 gene (msp4) was identified, and the coding region was pcr amplified and sequenced from a variety of sources, including 50 samples from the united states, germany, ... | 2005 | 15750101 |
| diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in russian far east. | thirty strains of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato have been isolated from ixodes persulcatus ticks and from skin lesions of lyme disease patients in the russian far east from 1997 to 2003. we amplified full-length outer surface protein a (ospa) gene of all strains. blast search and following phylogenetic analysis showed that strains form four well-defined groups. four strains belong to borrelia afzelii species. other strains distributed into tree major groups, identified as borrelia garinii. ind ... | 2005 | 15781992 |
| typing of borrelia relapsing fever group strains. | partial sequencing of the 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer showed two to four genotypes each for borrelia hermsii and b. turicatae, both relapsing fever agents transmitted by argasid ticks, and for b. miyamotoi and b. lonestari, transmitted by ixodid ticks. field surveys of ixodes ticks in connecticut and sweden showed limited local diversity for b. miyamotoi. | 2004 | 15498172 |
| molecular identification and analysis of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in lizards in the southeastern united states. | lyme borreliosis (lb) group spirochetes, collectively known as borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, are distributed worldwide. wild rodents are acknowledged as the most important reservoir hosts. ixodes scapularis is the primary vector of b. burgdorferi sensu lato in the eastern united states, and in the southeastern united states, the larvae and nymphs mostly parasitize certain species of lizards. the primary aim of the present study was to determine whether wild lizards in the southeastern united ... | 2005 | 15870353 |
| terrestrial distribution of the lyme borreliosis agent borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in east asia. | lyme borreliosis is the most prevalent tick-borne zoonosis and an important emerging infection in europe, north america, and far eastern countries. the geographical distribution of borrelia spp. and the relationship between borrelia spp. and tick spp. in east asian countries have been studied. in northern asian countries, ixodes persulcatus carries eurasian-type borrelia garinii (20047 type), borrelia afzelii, and asian-type b. garinii (variant nt29), whereas borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto h ... | 2004 | 15623946 |
| [study on the coinfection of three tick-borne infectious diseases in china using polymerase chain reaction method]. | to study the existence of ehrluichiosis, lyme disease and tick-borne spotted fever coinfection in some areas in china. | 2005 | 15921584 |
| prevalence and incidence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi and to tick-borne encephalitis virus in agricultural and forestry workers from tuscany, italy. | the ticks ixodes persulcatus and ixodes ricinus are the main vectors of both borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus in eurasia. borrelia burgdorferi is the cause of lyme borreliosis, and tbe is a biphasic meningoencephalitis induced by an arbovirus belonging to the flavivirus family. the principal aims of the current investigation were (i) to determine the frequency of serological evidence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and tbe infections in healthy agricultu ... | 2005 | 15948001 |
| [methods for estimating the demographic structure of the taiga tick (ixodidae) based on results of standard parasitological observations]. | a retrospective estimation of the abundance dynamics of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus in mixed coniferous and leaf-bearing forests of the udmurtia republic in the period 1957-1986 was carried out. a possibility to estimate the absolute number of all stages of i. persulcatus based on relative indices. females of i. persulcatus lay 20,250 eggs per 1 hectare, and this number of eggs gives birth to 15,000 larvae. from this number, 7870 larvae hibernate and 6550 individuals became fed. the number ... | 2004 | 15656092 |
| [detection of a new species of rickettsiae in the ticks of ixodes persulcatus in russia]. | genetic analyses (polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequence test) have been used to describe a new species of rickettsiae in the ticks ipersukarus in russia. this species is named as rzckettsia tarasevichiae after academician of the russian academy of medical sciences irma vladimirovna tarasevich, head of the laboratory of rickettsial ecology, n.f.gamaleya research institute of epidemiology and microbiology. a total of 317 ipersukatus imagoes were collected in the regions of the urals, w ... | 2005 | 15984607 |
| possible tick-borne human enterovirus resulting in aseptic meningitis. | enterovirus-specific genetic sequences were isolated from two amblyomma americanum tick pools. identical genetic sequences were later obtained from cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with aseptic meningitis and a recent history of tick attachment. these observations suggest the possibility of an emerging tick-borne human enterovirus associated with aseptic meningitis. | 2005 | 16000481 |
| the microbial rosetta stone database: a compilation of global and emerging infectious microorganisms and bioterrorist threat agents. | thousands of different microorganisms affect the health, safety, and economic stability of populations. many different medical and governmental organizations have created lists of the pathogenic microorganisms relevant to their missions; however, the nomenclature for biological agents on these lists and pathogens described in the literature is inexact. this ambiguity can be a significant block to effective communication among the diverse communities that must deal with epidemics or bioterrorist ... | 2005 | 15850481 |
| [gradual variability of the parasitic system of tick-borne encephalitis]. | it has been shown that the temperature conditions of hibernation in the major vectors of tick-borne encephalitis viruses (tbev) the ticks ixodes ricinus and ixodes persulcatus occupy a special place among a lot of factors that determine the spatial distribution and the specific features of functioning of the parasitic system of tick-borne encephalitis. these conditions determine the borders of distribution of the major vectors of tbev, their sympatric zone, and the physiological features of indi ... | 2005 | 16078435 |
| immunoglobulin-regulated expression of borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein a in vivo. | borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease, down-regulates outer surface protein a (ospa), which is abundantly expressed in ticks, during infection of the mammalian host. in this study we examined the signals that may be responsible for maintaining the ospa-negative state of spirochetes during infection. transcription of ospa mrna was found in tissues of c3h-severe combined immunodeficient (c3h-scid) mice, but not immunocompetent c3h mice, inoculated with cultured b. burgdorferi, tick-borne ... | 2005 | 15908357 |
| tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: emerging diseases challenging old concepts. | during most of the 20th century, the epidemiology of tick-borne rickettsioses could be summarized as the occurrence of a single pathogenic rickettsia on each continent. an element of this paradigm suggested that the many other characterized and noncharacterized rickettsiae isolated from ticks were not pathogenic to humans. in this context, it was considered that relatively few tick-borne rickettsiae caused human disease. this concept was modified extensively from 1984 through 2005 by the identif ... | 2005 | 16223955 |
| effects of anaplasma phagocytophilum on host cell ferritin mrna and protein levels. | ferritin is a major intracellular iron storage protein and also functions as a cytoprotectant by sequestering iron to minimize the formation of reactive oxygen species. anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that colonizes neutrophils. we have previously reported that human promyelocytic hl-60 cells infected with a. phagocytophilum demonstrate increased transcription of ferritin heavy chain and also that the bacte ... | 2005 | 16239567 |
| [monitoring of tick-borne encephalitis virus populations and etiological structure of morbidity over 60 years]. | the siberian subtype of the virus of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), which is predominant in russia, constantly circulated in its eastern european regions in 1943-2003 and in the urals and west and east siberia in 1960-2003. this subtype is transmitted by two types of ticks: ixodes persulcatus and i. ricinis. changes were not found in the structure of viral populations at the peak and drop of the incidence of tbe. there was new evidence on the genetic heterogenicity of the siberian subtype: in ad ... | 2005 | 16078427 |
| tickborne pathogen detection, western siberia, russia. | ixodes persulcatus (n = 125) and dermacentor reticulatus (n = 84) ticks from western siberia, russia, were tested for infection with borrelia, anaplasma/ehrlichia, bartonella, and babesia spp. by using nested polymerase chain reaction assays with subsequent sequencing. i. persulcatus ticks were infected with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (37.6% +/- 4.3% [standard deviation]), anaplasma phagocytophilum (2.4% +/- 1.4%), ehrlichia muris (8.8% +/- 2.5%), and bartonella spp. (37.6% +/- 4.3%). d. re ... | 2005 | 16318722 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected ticks, japan. | we report anaplasma phagocytophilum infection of ixodes persulcatus and i. ovatus ticks in japan. unique p44/msp2 paralogs (and/or 16s rrna genes) were detected in tick tissues, salivary glands, and spleens of experimentally infected mice. these findings indicate the public health threat of anaplasmosis in japan. | 2005 | 16318739 |
| [ixodidae ticks in bishkek]. | the fauna of ixodidae ticks was studied in bishkek in 1998-2004. the city is situated in the center of the chuisk valley, at the foot of the kirghiz ridge, at the boundary of a submountain-plain-arid region and a plain-piedmont-semiarid one with steppe fragments. the ticks were gathered on a flag from small mammalians caught by gero traps, from birds, domestic and agricultural animals. a total of 648 animals of 13 species were examined. the bites of ticks were registered in 98 persons in the cit ... | 2005 | 16445237 |
| novel genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum, anaplasma bovis, anaplasma centrale, and a novel ehrlichia sp. in wild deer and ticks on two major islands in japan. | wild deer are one of the important natural reservoir hosts of several species of ehrlichia and anaplasma that cause human ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis in the united states and europe. the primary aim of the present study was to determine whether and what species of ehrlichia and anaplasma naturally infect deer in japan. blood samples obtained from wild deer on two major japanese islands, hokkaido and honshu, were tested for the presence of ehrlichia and anaplasma by pcr assays and sequencing of ... | 2006 | 16461655 |
| innate immune responses in lyme borreliosis: enhanced tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-12 in asymptomatic individuals in response to live spirochetes. | innate immunity is important for early defence against borrelia spirochetes and should play a role in the clinical outcome of the infection. in order to study early cytokine responses, in vitro differentiated dendritic cells (dcs) and whole blood cells from 21 patients with different clinical outcomes of lyme neuroborreliosis were stimulated with live borrelia spirochetes. the borrelia-induced secretion of interleukin (il)-4, il-10, il-12p70, interferon (ifn)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (tn ... | 2005 | 15958074 |
| babesia dna detection in canine blood and dermacentor reticulatus ticks in southwestern siberia, russia. | babesia infection was studied in 21 blood samples of dogs with symptoms of babesiosis and among 72 dermacentor reticulatus and 70 ixodes persulcatus ticks from southwestern siberia, russia. babesia dna was detected by hemi-nested pcr based on the 18s rrna gene with subsequent direct sequencing. all of the analyzed canine blood samples and three d. reticulatus, but none from i. persulcatus ticks studied were shown to contain babesia dna. nucleotide sequences of the babesia 18s rrna gene fragment ... | 2005 | 16187898 |
| natural tick-borne encephalitis virus infection among wild small mammals in the southeastern part of western siberia, russia. | infestation of small mammals, including common shrews sorex araneus l., field mice apodemus agrarius pallas, and red voles clethrionomus rutilus schreber, with immature ixodes persulcatus ticks and their infection with tickborne encephalitis virus (tbev) were studied in the forest-steppe habitat in the vicinity of novosibirsk, russia. larval ticks parasitize all three host species, but virtually all nymphs were found only on field mice and red voles. detection of the viral rna using reverse tran ... | 2006 | 16584325 |
| [the peculiarities of the biology of ticks inhabiting the environs of tomsk city]. | the presence of ticks ixodes persulcatus and i. pavlovskyi occidentalis is revealed in urban parks and the forests directly adjoined to buildings. i. pavlovskyi occidentalis is found to be the dominant species nearby the city. the both species are occurred almost simultaneously, and the peak of their abundance usually falls on 2nd or 3rd ten-day period of may. in the city the ticks species ceased occurring in registers in the end of may, and in the adjacent forests they disappeared in the end of ... | 2005 | 16316054 |
| physiological age of field-collected female taiga ticks, ixodes persulcatus (acari: ixodidae), and their infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | in some studies the prevalence of tick infection (infection rate) and the intensity of infection are negatively correlated with unfed tick age (in the broad sense of this term). however, no special research has been carried out to consider the phenomenon thoroughly. the infection indices of the female taiga ticks, ixodes persulcatus, infected with borrelia burgdorferi s.l. were related to tick physiological age, an index that more precisely reflects tick physiological state than the time of tick ... | 2006 | 16596353 |
| molecular identification of a collection of spotted fever group rickettsiae obtained from patients and ticks from russia. | thirty-one rickettsial isolates from ticks or patients in north asian tick typhus (natt) foci from the ural region to the russian far east were obtained at the omsk research institute of natural foci infections between 1954 and 2001. using citrate synthase (glta) and outermenbrane protein a (ompa) gene sequencing, we identified these isolates as rickettsia sibirica sensu stricto (25 isolates), r. sibirica strain bj-90 (2 isolates), r. slovaca (1 isolate), and r. heilongjiangensis (3 isolates). w ... | 2006 | 16525104 |
| human granulocytic anaplasmosis and anaplasma phagocytophilum. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis is a tickborne rickettsial infection of neutrophils caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum. the human disease was first identified in 1990, although the pathogen was defined as a veterinary agent in 1932. since 1990, us cases have markedly increased, and infections are now recognized in europe. a high international seroprevalence suggests infection is widespread but unrecognized. the niche for a. phagocytophilum, the neutrophil, indicates that the pathogen has unique ... | 2005 | 16485466 |
| confirmation of tick bite by detection of antibody to ixodes calreticulin salivary protein. | ticks introduce a variety of pharmacologically active molecules into their host during attachment and feeding in order to obtain a blood meal. people who are repeatedly exposed to ticks may develop an immune response to tick salivary proteins. despite this response, people usually are unaware of having been bitten, especially if they are not repeatedly exposed to ticks. in order to develop a laboratory marker of tick exposure that would be useful in understanding the epidemiology of tick-borne i ... | 2006 | 16928887 |
| tick-borne rickettsial pathogens in ticks and small mammals in korea. | in order to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne infectious agents among ticks, ticks comprising five species from two genera (hemaphysalis spp. and ixodes spp.) were screened using molecular techniques. ticks (3,135) were collected from small wild-caught mammals or by dragging/flagging in the republic of korea (rok) and were pooled into a total of 1,638 samples (1 to 27 ticks per pool). from the 1,638 tick samples, species-specific fragments of anaplasma phagocytophilum (1 sample), anaplasm ... | 2006 | 16957192 |
| [enzootic reservoir for new ixodes ricinus-transmitted infections]. | in the last decade new tick-transmitted zoonoses have emerged as threats to the public health in europe. they are mostly due to infection by borrelia burgdorferi s.i., babesia divergens, b. microti and ehrlichia sp. all these pathogens are transmitted by the rodent-feeding ticks of ixodes persulcatus "complex". also there is first serological information of coexistence of antibodies to b. burgdorferi, b. microti and ehrlichia sp. in human exposured to these multiple tick-transmitted pathogens. a ... | 1999 | 16886454 |
| natural anaplasma phagocytophilum infection of ticks and rodents from a forest area of jilin province, china. | polymerase chain reaction integrated with sequence analysis was carried out to investigate the natural anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in ticks and rodents from a forest area of jilin province, china. four (4.0%) of 100 ixodes persulcatus and 2 (0.7%) of 286 dermacentor silvarum ticks collected by flagging vegetation were positive. nine (8.8%) of 102 rodents were infected, as well as 2 (2.8%) of 71 i. persulcatus parasitizing on 25 rodents. the nucleotide sequences of 1442-bp a. phagocytophi ... | 2006 | 17038691 |
| the occurrence of parasitic arthropods in two groups of european bison in the białowieza primeval forest. | within 1992-2000, a total of 181 białowieza forest bison were examined from two winter herds. twelf parasitic arthropod species were observed, a high infestation being typical of demodex bisonianius, chorioptes bovis, ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus, and bisonicola sedecimdecembrii. the infestation in section 422 herd being higher for b. sedecimdecembrii, i. ricinus, d. reticulatus, ch. bovis. d. bisonianus was slightly more prevalent in the section 391 herd, the intensity being, however ... | 2001 | 16886430 |
| the emerging diversity of rickettsia. | the best-known members of the bacterial genus rickettsia are associates of blood-feeding arthropods that are pathogenic when transmitted to vertebrates. these species include the agents of acute human disease such as typhus and rocky mountain spotted fever. however, many other rickettsia have been uncovered in recent surveys of bacteria associated with arthropods and other invertebrates; the hosts of these bacteria have no relationship with vertebrates. it is therefore perhaps more appropriate t ... | 2006 | 16901827 |
| detection of borrelia garinii, borrelia tanukii and borrelia sp. closely related to borrelia valaisiana in ixodes ticks removed from dogs and cats in japan. | ticks removed from 1136 dogs and 134 cats all over japan were examined for borrelia infection by pcr and sequencing. the 5s-23s rdna intergenic spacer of borrelia was detected from two ixodes persulcatus ticks from two dogs and two unidentified ixodes spp. from another two dogs in hokkaido, and two ixodes granulatus ticks from two cats in okinawa. additional 2 i. granulatus from the same cats also showed positive. sequence analysis of the pcr products revealed that the one from hokkaido was simi ... | 2007 | 17049744 |
| [study on the coinfection status of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and spotted fever group rickettsia in ticks from hunchun, jilin province]. | to understand the coinfection status of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (b.b.s.l) and spotted fever group rickettsia (sfgr) in hunchun of jilin province, china. | 2006 | 16981329 |
| [morphofunctional changes in the midgut of the ixodes females (acari: ixodidae) during the immunizing feedings]. | the changes of the midgut in the females of the tick species ixodes persulcatus and i. ricinus during the second and third immunizing feeding on rabbits were studied by the histological technics. the alternation of one generation of the digestive cells of nymphal stage and two generations of the digestive cells of adult stage was observed. the generation of secretory cells is absent. the tick completes feeding and drop off when the last generation of the digestive cells is on the initial activit ... | 2006 | 17042279 |
| [the abundance and distribution of the ixodes persulcatus (acari: ixodidae) near its northern spreading limit in the ural mountains]. | a count of the tick species ixodes persulcatus schulze, 1930 was carried out in the "denezhkin kamen" nature reserve and adjacent territories (the severoural'sk and ivdel' districts of the sverdlovsk region, the northern urals geographical province) in the 2005. the abundance and distribution of unengorged adults has been evaluated on an area of 22.5 square kilometers (n 60 degrees 27'-60 degrees 30' e 059 degrees 38'-059 degrees 42'). the area includes proportionally main landscape and vegetati ... | 2006 | 17042282 |
| prevalence of bacterial agents in ixodes persulcatus ticks from the vologda province of russia. | the prevalence of rickettsiae, ehrlichiae, and the rickettsia-like endosymbiont called montezuma relative to that of borrelia was determined in questing ixodes persulcatus (i. persulcatus) ticks collected in 2002-2003 from vologda province, russia. ehrlichia muris, anaplasma phagocytophilum, montezuma, and new spotted fever group rickettsiae were detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the first time in this area. the rickettsiae were all candidatus rickettsia tarasevichiae, the furthest ... | 2006 | 17114724 |
| [investigation on borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks and rodents collected in da xing-an mountains forest areas of china]. | to detect and study the types of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks and rodents from da xing-an mountains forest areas of china. | 2006 | 17172108 |
| siberian subtype tickborne encephalitis virus, finland. | we isolated 11 siberian subtype tickborne encephalitis virus (tbev) strains from ixodes persulcatus ticks from a tbev-endemic focus in the kokkola archipelago, western finland. thus i. persulcatus and the siberian tbev are reported in a focus considerably northwest of their previously known range in eastern europe and siberia. | 2006 | 17176574 |
| [ultrastructural aspects of saliva production by the granule-secreting acini of the tick ixodes persulcatus females]. | fine structure of salivary glands was investigated in the tick ixodes persulcatus females. ultrastructure of ii and iii acini in unfed and feeding females is described. changes in size and structure of the secretory products during feeding are demonstrated. | 2006 | 17144404 |
| outer surface protein b is critical for borrelia burgdorferi adherence and survival within ixodes ticks. | survival of borrelia burgdorferi in ticks and mammals is facilitated, at least in part, by the selective expression of lipoproteins. outer surface protein (osp) a participates in spirochete adherence to the tick gut. as ospb is expressed on a bicistronic operon with ospa, we have now investigated the role of ospb by generating an ospb-deficient b. burgdorferi and examining its phenotype throughout the spirochete life cycle. similar to wild-type isolates, the ospb-deficient b. burgdorferi were ab ... | 2007 | 17352535 |
| high-resolution genetic fingerprinting of european strains of anaplasma phagocytophilum by use of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is a widely distributed tick-borne pathogen of humans, livestock, and companion animals. we used in silico methods to identify 10 variable-number tandem-repeat (vntr) loci within the genome sequence of the a. phagocytophilum hz strain and used these data to develop a multilocus vntr-based typing scheme for the species. having confirmed the stability of four of the loci in replicates of the a. phagocytophilum strain that had been subjected to different numbers of passage ... | 2007 | 17442796 |
| far eastern tick-borne rickettsiosis: identification of two new cases and tick vector. | we recently reported the first documented cases of a new rickettsial disease caused by rickettsia heilongjiangensis in the russian far east (far eastern tick-borne rickettsiosis). here we report the amplification of dna of r. heilongjiangensis from both the skin biopsy of an acutely ill patient and the tick removed from him prior to the disease development. the tick has been identified as haemaphysalis spp. the clinical picture was that of a spotted fever group rickettsiosis and a seroconversion ... | 2006 | 17114683 |
| [investigation on the vectors of borrella burgdorferi and on the identification of the isolates along china-russia border in eastern heilongjiang province, china]. | to explore the fact that the east border of heilongjiang had been a lyme disease natural focus,we investigated the species and distribution of ticks and isolated bacteria from ticks and identified genomic species of borrelia burdorferi sensu lato. this study provided evidence for prevention and control of lyme disease. | 2007 | 17575937 |
| clinical diagnosis and treatment of human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis. | tick-borne rickettsiae in the genera ehrlichia and anaplasma are intracellular bacteria that infect wild and domestic mammals and, more recently, man. the increased desire of humans for recreational activities outdoors has increased the exposure to potential human pathogens that previously cycled almost exclusively within natural, nonhuman enzootic hosts. anaplasma phagocytophilum causes an acute, nonspecific febrile illness of humans previously known as human granulocytotropic ehrlichiosis (hge ... | 2006 | 17114714 |
| detection of "rickettsia sp. strain uilenbergi" and "rickettsia sp. strain davousti" in amblyomma tholloni ticks from elephants in africa. | to date, 6 tick-borne rickettsiae pathogenic for humans are known to occur in africa and 4 of them were first identified in ticks before being recognized as human pathogens. | 2007 | 17683629 |
| detection and identification of bacterial agents in ixodes persulcatus schulze ticks from the north western region of russia. | ixodes persulcatus schultze ticks are traditionally associated with transmission of lyme disease, babesiosis, and tick-borne encephalitis. here we compared the prevalence of infection with borrelia burgdorferi, and rickettsial and ehrlichial agents in i. persulcatus ticks collected in different locations of the north western administrative region of russia. altogether, 27.7% of ticks were infected with at least one organism, while the dna of two or more bacteria was found in 11.8% of ticks teste ... | 2007 | 17767409 |
| [detection of dna of borrelia circulating in novosibirsk region]. | detection of dna of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was performed by pcr in taiga ticks ixodes persulcatus, in blood samples and skin bioptates of small forest mammals, and in blood and urine samples of humans after attaching of ticks events. in novosibirsk region both in natural reservoir and in patients with ixodes ticks-borne borreliosis dna of borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii are detected. dna of these borrelia were detected in 8 from 72 of taiga ticks, in 36 from 298 of blood and skin ... | 2006 | 17297875 |
| status of haemaphysalis tick infestation in domestic ruminants in iran. | the geographical distribution and ecological preferences of haemaphysalis in domestic animals in iran were studied 4 times a year from april 2003 to march 2005. a total of 1,622 ixodid tick specimens were collected from 3 different zones. among them, 108 (6.7%) haemaphysalis ticks, consisting of 6 species, were identified; h. punctata (3.4%), h. parva (0.5%), h. sulcata (0.6%), h. choldokovskyi (1.7%), h. concinna (0.06%) and haemaphysalis sp. (0.6%). h. punctata was the most abundant species, w ... | 2007 | 17570976 |
| case report: borrelia valaisiana infection in a japanese man associated with traveling to foreign countries. | a 78-year-old japanese man who had clinical symptoms and a flu-like illness with fever, chills, diarrhea, and arthralgia had traveled to cambodia and khabarovsk, russia, before the onset of symptoms and illness. he had been bitten by an ixodes persulcatus tick in which the dna of borrelia valaisiana was detected. the patient's symptoms improved rapidly after treatment with minocycline. serologic examination detected antibodies to lyme disease borrelia. an flab polymerase chain reaction with the ... | 2007 | 18165534 |
| prevalence of tick-borne rickettsia and ehrlichia in ixodes persulcatus and ixodes ovatus in tokachi district, eastern hokkaido, japan. | dna from 111 ticks collected by flagging in tokachi district, eastern hokkaido, japan were examined for infection with rickettsia and ehrlichia, by pcr and sequencing methodology. for rickettsia, analysis of the partial sequence of the citrate synthase gene was successfully performed on 11 dna samples from i. persulcatus, and 7 of them showed 99.8% identical with rickettsia helvetica while the other 4 showed 99.8% identical with ;candidatus rickettsia tarasevichiae'. for ehrlichia, a partial seq ... | 2007 | 17611367 |
| competitive exclusion between piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis agents within cattle. | | 2008 | 18225951 |
| [evolution of tick-borne encephalitis and a problem of evolution of its causative agent]. | the evolution of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) is marked by the expanded nosological area, the transformation of landscapes, the formation of anthropurgic foci, the change of environmental systems, the increase of mortality rate mainly among urban dwellers, as well as pathomorphism. the evolution of natural tbe virus (tbev) populations was studied in eastern and western siberia, middle urals, and the european part of the nosological area. the paper first describes the types of evolutionary trans ... | 2007 | 18041219 |
| establishment of a laboratory colony of taiga tick ixodes persulcatus for tick-borne pathogen transmission studies. | ixodes persulcatus schulze (i. persulcatus) is distributed in russia and far east asia including japan, and has been implicated as the vector of several human pathogens. in particular, i. persulcatus acts as the only tick vector for human lyme borreliosis in japan. in order to elucidate the mechanism of transmission of i. persulcatus-borne pathogens, we developed a laboratory colony of i. persulcatus. ticks were fed on syrian hamster and engorged ticks that had dropped off the animals were colle ... | 2008 | 18318110 |
| rnai-mediated gene silencing in tick synganglia: a proof of concept study. | progress in generating comprehensive est libraries and genome sequencing is setting the stage for reverse genetic approaches to gene function studies in the blacklegged tick (ixodes scapularis). however, proving that rnai can work in nervous tissue has been problematic. developing an ability to manipulate gene expression in the tick synganglia likely would accelerate understanding of tick neurobiology. here, we assess gene silencing by rna interference in the adult female black-legged tick synga ... | 2008 | 18366768 |
| ultrastructural evidence of the ehrlichial developmental cycle in naturally infected ixodes persulcatus ticks in the course of coinfection with rickettsia, borrelia, and a flavivirus. | ehrlichiae are small gram-negative obligately intracellular bacteria that multiply within vacuoles of their host cells and are associated for a part of their life cycle with ticks, which serve as vectors for vertebrate hosts. two morphologically and physiologically different ehrlichial cell types, reticulate cells (rc) and dense-cored cells (dc), are observed during experimental infection of cell cultures, mice, and ticks. dense-cored cells and reticulate cells in vertebrate cell lines alternate ... | 2007 | 18171109 |
| greek goat encephalitis virus strain isolated from ixodes ricinus, greece. | a strain of greek goat encephaltitis virus was isolated from engorged ixodes ricinus ticks that had fed on goats in northern greece. the strain was almost identical to the prototype strain isolated 35 years ago. | 2008 | 18258134 |
| rickettsial seroepidemiology among farm workers, tianjin, people's republic of china. | high seroprevalence rates for anaplasma phagocytophilum (8.8%), coxiella burnetii (6.4%), bartonella henselae (9.6%), and rickettsia typhi (4.1%) in 365 farm workers near tianjin, people's republic of china, suggest that human infections with these zoonotic bacteria are frequent and largely unrecognized. demographic features of seropositive persons suggest distinct epidemiology, ecology, and risks. | 2008 | 18507907 |
| transmission of bartonella henselae by ixodes ricinus. | bartonella spp. are facultative intracellular bacteria associated with several emerging diseases in humans and animals. b. henselae causes cat-scratch disease and is increasingly associated with several other syndromes, particularly ocular infections and endocarditis. cats are the main reservoir for b. henselae and the bacteria are transmitted to cats by cat fleas. however, new potential vectors are suspected of transmitting b. henselae, in particular, ixodes ricinus, the most abundant ixodid ti ... | 2008 | 18598628 |
| prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum and its coinfection with borrelia afzelii in ixodes ricinus and ixodes persulcatus ticks inhabiting tver province (russia) - a sympatric region for both tick species. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) and lyme borreliosis (lb) are tick-borne infectious diseases caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species, respectively. in this study, p44/msp2 paralogues specific to a. phagocytophilum and 5s-23s rrna gene-intergenic spacers specific to b. burgdorferi sensu lato species were detected by pcr in ticks collected in two regions, tver (kalinin) and konakovo, of the tver (kalinin) province located 150 km north-west of moscow. t ... | 2008 | 18628500 |
| rickettsia felis in fleas, germany. | among 310 fleas collected from dogs and cats in germany, rickettsia felis was detected in all specimens (34) of archaeopsylla erinacei (hedgehog flea) and in 9% (24/226) of ctenocephalides felis felis (cat flea). r. helvetica was detected in 1 ceratophyllus gallinae (hen flea). | 2008 | 18680660 |
| insight into the sialome of the castor bean tick, ixodes ricinus. | in recent years, there have been several sialome projects revealing transcripts expressed in the salivary glands of ticks, which are important vectors of several human diseases. here, we focused on the sialome of the european vector of lyme disease, ixodes ricinus. | 2008 | 18489795 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum-borrelia burgdorferi coinfection enhances chemokine, cytokine, and matrix metalloprotease expression by human brain microvascular endothelial cells. | borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum coinfect and are transmitted by ixodes species ticks. clinical indicators suggest that a. phagocytophilum coinfection contributes to the severity, dissemination, and, possibly, sequelae of lyme disease. previous in vitro studies showed that spirochete penetration through human brain microvascular endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier is facilitated by endothelial cell-derived matrix metalloproteases (mmps). a. phagocytophilum-infected neu ... | 2007 | 17898182 |
| [organization of acaricidal treatments in two districts of the irkutsk region]. | in the irkutsk suburbs (a relatively southern area of the irkutsk region of the nosoarea of a natural tick-borne encephalitis focus), ixodes persulcatus imagoes begin its activity in the first 10 days of april and usually finishes it in september. in 1996-2006, there was a trend for an increase in the number of the tick's bites in human beings, as well as three-year cycles of fluctuation of this index. in the bratsk suburbs (a relatively northern area), the imago becomes active only in late apri ... | 2008 | 18368717 |
| [microorganisms of the order rickettsiales in taiga tick (ixodes persulcatus sch.) from the pre-ural region]. | the pcr and sequence analysis revealed dna ehrlichia muris, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and rickettsia spp. in the i. persulcatus ticks and blood samples from a patients with acute febrile illness occurring after a tick bite, registered in the seasonal peak of the tick activity of one of the highly endemic areas of russia (perm region). these data confirmed the validity a diagnosis of hme and hga, which were made earlier on the basis of the clinical-serologic survey. in 10.0% of the tested taiga ... | 2008 | 18756787 |
| detection of francisella tularensis in ticks and identification of their genotypes using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. | tularemia was reported in china over 50 years ago, however, many epidemical characteristics remain unclear. in the present study, the prevalence of francisella tularensis in ticks was investigated during an epidemiological surveillance in china and then we measured their genetic diversity by conducting multiple-locus variable- number tandem repeat analysis (mlva). | 2008 | 18798995 |
| babesia microti-like rodent parasites isolated from ixodes persulcatus (acari: ixodidae) in heilongjiang province, china. | a babesia microti-like rodent parasite was isolated from the tick, ixodes persulcatus, collected from the northern forest area of heilongjiang province, china. the collected i. persulcatus were allowed to feed on specific pathogen-free scid mice and red blood cells from the mice were used to isolate babesia spp. with the microareophilous stationary-phase culture technique. paired and tetrad forms of merozoites were observed by light microscope in red blood cells of scid mice. in vitro growth of ... | 2008 | 18718720 |
| [current characteristics of natural nidality of tick-borne encephalitis: new or well forgotten?]. | a number specialists' opinion as to which the rise in the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis at the turn of the centuries is due to the new features of the epidemiology of this infection and to global climatic changes is analyzed. there are no objective evidence suggesting the ongoing expansion of a natural habitat of the major vectors--taiga (ixodes persulcatus) and wood (i. ricinis) ticks and the noticeable increase in their size and virus infection rates. the notion of the recent penetratio ... | 2008 | 18822502 |
| [variability of the life cycle duration in the taiga tick from mixed coniferous-broad-leaved forests of the udmurt republic]. | seasonal cohorts of the unfed ixodes persulcatus imago in the study area were found to consist of the ticks passed through three-, four-, and five-year life cycles, in the ratio 72.6, 26.4, and 2.0% respectively, on the base of mean long-term values. such ratio is established if 91.7% of larvae and 79.9% of nymphs develop without diapause, while the rest of larvae and nymphs develop with diapause. mean duration of the tick generation is 3.3 years, with the fluctuations in certain of the years wi ... | 2008 | 18825917 |
| evaluation of the recombinant vlse-based liaison chemiluminescence immunoassay for detection of borrelia burgdorferi and diagnosis of lyme disease. | recent efforts to improve the serologic diagnosis of lyme disease have included the use of a synthetic peptide (c6) that reproduces the sequence of invariable region 6 of vlse, the variable surface antigen of borrelia burgdorferi. in the present study, the diagnostic performance of diasorin's recombinant vlse-based chemiluminescence immunoassay in 1,947 human serum samples was evaluated. sensitivity was determined using two serum panels from the cdc. for panel i, we observed sensitivities of 68. ... | 2008 | 18945880 |
| [characteristic analysis of e protein genes of new strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus isolated from china]. | in order to determine the characteristics and genotypes of e protein genes of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus strains dxal-5, 12,13,16,18, 21 isolated from ixodes persulcatus in the northeast of china, cdna synthesis of e protein genes of the six dxal strains was performed using rt-pcr, and the e protein genes were cloned and sequenced. the results showed that the nucleotide sequence of e protein gene of the six dxal strains was 1488 bp in length respectively and the length of predicted prot ... | 2008 | 18683557 |
| identification of a complex peptidergic neuroendocrine network in the hard tick, rhipicephalus appendiculatus. | neuropeptides are crucial regulators of development and various physiological functions but little is known about their identity, expression and function in vectors of pathogens causing serious diseases, such as ticks. therefore, we have used antibodies against multiple insect and crustacean neuropeptides to reveal the presence of these bioactive molecules in peptidergic neurons and cells of the ixodid tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus. these antibodies have detected 15 different immunoreactive ... | 2009 | 19082627 |
| [spatial and temporal variability of ixodes ricinus and ixodes persulcatus infection with the lyme disease agent in moscow region]. | analysis of long-term data on the infection rated of the taxonomic complex borrelia burgdorferi s. l. in ixodes persulcatus and i. ricinus from moscow region is carried out. more than 14 000 tick specimens were examined by dark-field microscopy and 704 specimens were investigated by pcr. two borrelia genospicies, b. afzelii (6.3%) and b. garinii (20%) proved the most prevalent. the genospecies could form a mixtinfection (11%). borrelia miyamotoi, b. valaisiana, and b. burgdorferi s. s. were also ... | 2008 | 19198169 |
| rrp1, a cyclic-di-gmp-producing response regulator, is an important regulator of borrelia burgdorferi core cellular functions. | two-component systems (tcs) are universal among bacteria and play critical roles in gene regulation. our understanding of the contributions of tcs in the biology of the borrelia is just now beginning to develop. borrelia burgdorferi, a causative agent of lyme disease, harbours a tcs comprised of open reading frames (orfs) bb0419 and bb0420. bb0419 encodes a response regulator designated rrp1, and bb0420 encodes a hybrid histidine kinase-response regulator designated hpk1. rrp1, which contains a ... | 2009 | 19210621 |
| [detection of the west nile virus and its genetic typing in ixodid ticks (parasitiformes: ixodidae) in tomsk city and its suburbs]. | four tick species, ixodes persulcatus, i. pavlovskyi, i. trianguliceps, and dermacentor reticulatus, were found in tomsk and its suburbs in 2006. the species i. pavlovskyi was found to be dominant in the localities situated in tomsk city, and i. persulcatus was dominant in its suburbs. viral rna and viral antigen of the west nile virus (wnv) were detected in the ticks i. pavlovskyi and i. persulcatus collected in the city and its suburbs by the rt pcr method and enzyme immunoassay with monoclona ... | 2008 | 18727366 |
| [changes in the expression of salivary gland genes in ixodes persulcatus (ixodidae) depending on the stage of tick feeding]. | by using the guanidine-isothiocyanate test, the authors isolated a summary rna preparation from ixodes persulcatus salivary gland extracts. activity products of the genes responsible for the expression of some salivary proteins were first identified using the rt-pcr. it has been shown that, firstly, i. persulcatus synthesizes at least 3 transcripts homologous to the respective salivary components of the related species i. scapularis, the translation product of which is likely to be immunodominan ... | 2009 | 19348314 |
| characterization of 'candidatus neoehrlichia lotoris' (family anaplasmataceae) from raccoons (procyon lotor). | recently, a novel ehrlichial organism was isolated from a raccoon (procyon lotor) and the isolate (rac413) was infectious to two naïve raccoons but not laboratory mice, rats or rabbits. in this study, amplification and sequencing of four gene targets (16s rrna gene, groesl, glta and rpob) confirmed that the novel ehrlichial organism was a member of the family anaplasmataceae and was most closely related to, but distinct from, 'candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis' tk4456(r) and is58. rac413 shared ... | 2008 | 19060060 |
| identification of spotted fever group rickettsia species by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the sca4 gene. | dna samples from four rickettsial species in japan--r. japonica aoki, r. asiatica io-1, r. helvetica ip-1, and rickettsia tamurae at-1--were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) in which a portion of the sca4 gene was amplified and restriction digested with the mspi enzyme. each spotted fever group rickettsial species exhibited unique restriction profiles after mspi digestion. to examine the possibility of applying pcr-rflp analysis to field s ... | 2009 | 19485769 |
| identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptide, defensin, in the taiga tick, ixodes persulcatus. | ixodes persulcatus is the primary vector for human tick-borne diseases in japan. a cdna library was constructed from whole body homogenates of fed nymphs of i. persulcatus. from this library, one cdna encoding defensin-like antimicrobial peptide was identified. the amino-acid sequence showed high similarity to those of the defensins of other ticks and arthropods. i. persulcatus defensin mrna transcripts were detected at all life cycle stages of fed ticks and found to be predominantly expressed i ... | 2009 | 19604312 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the species theilovirus: emerging murine and human pathogens. | the cardiovirus genus of the family picornaviridae includes two distinct species, encephalomyocarditis virus and theilovirus. we now report the complete nucleotide sequences of three theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) strains (to yale, tob15, and vie 415htr) and of vilyuisk human encephalomyelitis virus (vhev). this information, together with the recently reported sequences of divergent theiloviruses (theiler's-like rat virus [trv] and saffold viruses 1 and 2 [safv-1 and safv-2]), e ... | 2008 | 18815294 |
| predominance of ehrlichia chaffeensis in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from kennel-confined dogs in limbe, cameroon. | rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks (n = 63) collected from five dogs (two adults and three puppies) housed in a kennel were screened for ehrlichial agents (ehrlichia canis, e. chaffeensis, and e. ewingii) using a species-specific multicolor real-time taqman pcr amplification of the disulphide bond formation protein (dsb) gene. ehrlichia chaffeensis dna was detected in 33 (56%) ticks, e. canis dna was detected in four (6%) ticks, and one tick was coinfected. the e. chaffeensis and e. canis nucleotide ... | 2010 | 19693681 |
| characterization of p44/msp2 multigene family of anaplasma phagocytophilum from two different tick species, ixodes persulcatus and ixodes ovatus, in japan. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, which belongs to the order rickettsiales, is an obligate intracellular bacterium and causes an emerging, tickborne, and febrile infectious disease, anaplasmosis, in humans and other mammals. this bacterium expresses a variety of 44-kda immunodominant proteins encoded by the p44/msp2 multigene family on the surface for the purpose of avoiding the host immune defense due to the antigenic variation. in japan, little is known about the molecular and biological features of ... | 2009 | 19305056 |
| structural analysis of a p44/msp2 expression site of anaplasma phagocytophilum in naturally infected ticks in japan. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, an agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, infects neutrophils and causes an emerging tickborne febrile disease. the genome of this bacterium contains a large number of p44/msp2-related genes encoding 44 kda major outer-membrane proteins, and it is known that a specific p44/msp2 gene is predominantly transcribed from a single expression locus. this study successfully characterized the genomic expression site for p44/msp2 (3.8 kb) in uncultured a. phagocytophilum from ... | 2009 | 19713360 |
| non-hemagglutinating flaviviruses: molecular mechanisms for the emergence of new strains via adaptation to european ticks. | tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) causes human epidemics across eurasia. clinical manifestations range from inapparent infections and fevers to fatal encephalitis but the factors that determine disease severity are currently undefined. tbev is characteristically a hemagglutinating (ha) virus; the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes tentatively reflects virion receptor/fusion activity. however, for the past few years many atypical ha-deficient strains have been isolated from patients and also ... | 2009 | 19802385 |
| tick-borne encephalitis virus - a review of an emerging zoonosis. | during the last 30 years, there has been a continued increase in human cases of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) in europe, a disease caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev). tbev is endemic in an area ranging from northern china and japan, through far-eastern russia to europe, and is maintained in cycles involving ixodid ticks (ixodes ricinus and ixodes persulcatus) and wild vertebrate hosts. the virus causes a potentially fatal neurological infection, with thousands of cases reported annua ... | 2009 | 19420159 |
| the natural history of anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is the recently designated name replacing three species of granulocytic bacteria, ehrlichia phagocytophila, ehrlichia equi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, after the recent reorganization of the families rickettsiaceae and anaplasmataceae in the order rickettsiales. tick-borne fever (tbf), which is caused by the prototype of a. phagocytophilum, was first described in 1932 in scotland. a similar disease caused by a related granulocytic agent was first de ... | 2010 | 19811878 |
| delineation of a new species of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, borrelia americana sp. nov. | analysis of borrelia isolates collected from ticks, birds, and rodents from the southeastern united states revealed the presence of well-established populations of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia bissettii, borrelia carolinensis, and borrelia sp. nov. multilocus sequence analysis of five genomic loci from seven samples representing borrelia sp. nov. isolated from nymphal ixodes minor collected in south carolina showed their close relatedness to california strains known as genomospec ... | 2009 | 19846628 |
| variability of the tick-borne encephalitis virus genome in the 5' noncoding region derived from ticks ixodes persulcatus and ixodes pavlovskyi in western siberia. | we report the prevalence of siberian and far eastern subtypes of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in ixodes persulcatus and ix. pavlovskyi ticks collected in tomsk and its suburbs during 2006-2008. the tbev was detected in 5.7% ticks collected in the city, where ix. pavlovskyi ticks were dominated and 7.5% ticks from suburban foci with prevalence ix. persulcatus ticks. genotyping of the virus showed that siberian subtype (89.5%) is predominant in individual ticks of tomsk suburbs; however, t ... | 2010 | 19877811 |
| detection of anaplasma bovis and anaplasma phagocytophilum dna from haemaphysalis megaspinosa in hokkaido, japan. | dna from 101 ticks, including haemaphysalis megaspinosa, haemaphysalis douglasi, haemaphysalis flava, ixodes ovatus and ixodes persulcatus, collected by flagging in a pasture in hidaka district (hokkaido, japan) was examined for infection with anaplasma bovis and a. phagocytophilum by species-specific nested pcr. of the 48 h. megaspinosa nymphs, examined, 1 (2.1%) and 6 (12.5%) were positive for a. bovis and a. phagocytophilum, respectively. one of the 6 positive nymphs was dual positive for bot ... | 2010 | 19897306 |
| chapter 4. recent epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis an effect of climate change? | consideration is given to the opinion of some specialists that the rise in tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) morbidity at the turn of the century has been accounted for by new features of tbe epidemiology as well as by global climate change. it is shown that neither the reputed current expansion of the ranges of main tbe vectors, the taiga (ixodes persulcatus) and sheep (ixodes ricinus) ticks, nor the significant rise of their abundance and tbe virus prevalence in them are confirmed by any objective ... | 2009 | 19698897 |
| molecular identification of salp15, a key salivary gland protein in the transmission of lyme disease spirochetes, from ixodes persulcatus and ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae). | salp15 is a multifunctional protein, vital to the tick in its need to obtain vertebrate host blood without stimulating a host inflammatory and immune response. the salpl5 protein from both ixodes scapularis say and ixodes ricinus (l.), the principal vectors of the lyme disease spirochete in eastern north america and europe, respectively, have been well characterized and found to bind the murine cd4 receptor, dc-sign, and the ospc protein of borrelia burgdorferi. in the current study, we characte ... | 2009 | 19960697 |
| current management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis and ehrlichia ewingii ehrlichiosis. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii are emerging tick-borne pathogens and are the causative agents of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis and e. ewingii ehrlichiosis, respectively. collectively, these are referred to as human ehrlichioses. these obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens of the family anaplasmataceae are transmitted by ixodes spp. or amblyomma americanum ticks and infect peripherally circulating leukocytes to cause inf ... | 2009 | 19681699 |
| molecular and clinical evidence of ehrlichia chaffeensis infection in cameroonian patients with undifferentiated febrile illness. | in the u.s.a., human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (hme) caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis is an emerging tick-transmitted zoonosis. in cameroon, where e. canis, e. chaffeensis and e. ewingii have recently been detected in dogs and/or ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus), the potential exists for human infections. patients from the coastal region of cameroon who had acute fevers of unknown aetiology were therefore checked for ehrlichial infection, using a real-time pcr that amplifies part of a genus-spe ... | 2009 | 20030996 |