| human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in southern germany: increased seroprevalence in high-risk groups. | to date, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), the causative agent of which is likely transmitted by ticks in the ixodes ricinus-ixodes persulcatus complex, has not been diagnosed with certainty in patients outside the united states. the presence of a closely related vector tick, i. ricinus, as well as the occurrence of similar ehrlichia spp. of veterinary importance, suggests that this disease is likely to be present in europe. the aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of anti ... | 1997 | 9399527 |
| species-specific plasmid sequences for pcr identification of the three species of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato involved in lyme disease. | species-specific sequences were shown to be carried by plasmids of the three main species of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato involved in lyme disease. libraries of the 16-, 33-, and 25-kb plasmids of b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia garinii, and borrelia afzelii, respectively, were then built and used to isolate species-specific sequences. after sequencing of the cloned inserts, three sets of primers were designed. they were shown to determine species-specific pcr amplification products. t ... | 1998 | 9431963 |
| [the frequency of generalized infection in adult fasting ticks of the genus ixodes in foci of borreliosis in russia and the usa]. | a total of 740 adult ixodes persulcatus ticks were collected from the vegetation by flagging in russian foci where borrelia afzelii and b. garinii circulate, and 156 i. dammini ticks were collected in northwestern usa regions in foci with b. burgdorferi s.str. circulation. smears prepared from the internal organs of ticks were stained according to romanovsky-giemsa and analyzed under a microscope at a x 1125 magnification. all borreliae in 250 microscopic fields were counted, and concentration o ... | 1995 | 8524615 |
| [the reservoir hosts and vectors of borrelia--the causative organisms of ixodid tick-borne borrelioses in russia]. | 327 borrelia isolates from ixodid ticks of 3 species from 12 major administrative territories of russia (from leningrad province in the west to sakhalin province in the east), as well as from forest myomorph rodents of 6 species and from skin biopsies of borreliosis patents, were identified by the prc and rflp methods. b. afzelii, b. garinii and b. garinii nt29 were shown to be widespread in russia. no other borrelia genospecies were found. the main vectors of b. afzelii and b. garinii were ixod ... | 1997 | 9460862 |
| analysis of the organization of multicopy linear- and circular-plasmid-carried open reading frames in borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates. | plasmid cp8.3 of borrelia afzelii ip21 carries several open reading frames (orfs) and a 184-bp inverted repeat (ir) element. it has been speculated that this plasmid may encode factors involved in virulence or infectivity. in this report, we have characterized the distribution, molecular variability, and organization of orfs 1, 2, and 4 and the ir elements among isolates of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. orfs 1 and 2 are contained within a segment of cp8.3 that is bordered by the i ... | 1998 | 9488408 |
| serum complement sensitivity as a key factor in lyme disease ecology. | the sensitivity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato to animal sera was analyzed. complement-mediated borreliacidal effects were observed with particular combinations of host serum and borrelia genospecies. the species-specific pattern of viability and/or lysis is highly consistent with the pattern of reservoir competence of hosts for b. burgdorferi sensu lato, suggesting a key role of complement in the global ecology of lyme borreliosis. | 1998 | 9488421 |
| molecular typing of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by randomly amplified polymorphic dna fingerprinting analysis. | to study whether pathogenic clusters of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains occur, we typed 136 isolates, cultured from specimens from patients (n = 49) with various clinical entities and from ticks (n = 83) or dogs (n = 4) from different geographic regions, by randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting with four arbitrary primers. the rapd patterns were reproducible up to the 95% similarity level as shown in duplicate experiments. in these experiments the purified dnas prepare ... | 1998 | 9508310 |
| lyme disease in taiwan: first human patient with characteristic erythema chronicum migrans skin lesion. | we report herein the first laboratory-diagnosed case of lyme disease in a human in taiwan. a 45-year-old taiwanese man living in taipei, in northern taiwan, had an expanding skin lesion (measuring 23 by 15 cm) on his abdomen for 2 to 3 weeks and recurrent attacks of pain and swelling of the knee joint. serologic tests indicated a significantly elevated titer of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi. after appropriate antibiotic treatment for 3 weeks, the skin lesion was cured and the joint swelling w ... | 1998 | 9508317 |
| physiological age of ixodid ticks: aspects of its determination and application. | this review analyzes 30 yr of data concerning physiological age of ixodid ticks. the level and state of nutritional reserves in unfed ticks has been proposed as an index of tick physiological age. the dynamics of the use of these substances reflect tick aging. thus, physiological age of ixodid ticks is determined by estimating the irreversible changes caused by natural vital activity in the body of unfed ticks, which inevitably raises the probability of tick death. the 4 age groups used in most ... | 1995 | 8551497 |
| a surface-exposed region of a novel outer membrane protein (p66) of borrelia spp. is variable in size and sequence. | a model of the 66-kda outer membrane protein (p66) of lyme disease borrelia spp. predicts a surface-exposed loop near the c terminus. this region contains an antigen commonly recognized by sera from lyme disease patients. in the present study, this region of p66 and homologous proteins of other borrelia spp. were further investigated by using monoclonal antibodies, epitope mapping of p66 of borrelia burgdorferi, and dna sequencing. a monoclonal antibody specific for b. burgdorferi bound to the p ... | 1998 | 9537355 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi from ticks (acari) in hebei province, china. | from may 1992 to august 1993, 1,196 ticks were collected by flagging vegetation and from domestic animals in chengde, zhangjiakou, shijiazhuang, and handan districts of hebei province. of those ticks collected, 954 were haemaphysalis japonicum warburton and h. longicornis neumann, 205 were ixodes persulcatus schulze, and 37 were dermacentor silvarum olenev. four strains of borrelia burgdorferi were isolated from 135 i. persulcatus collected in weichang and zhuolu counties. three of 574 haemaphys ... | 1998 | 9538567 |
| a case of abnormal size in eggs and larvae of the taiga tick, ixodes persulcatus (acari: ixodidae). | egg batches laid by females of ixodes persulcatus (maintained under a photoperiod of l:d 20:4 before feeding) contained eggs of two sizes: numerous normal eggs of 0.578 x 0.421 mm and some giant eggs of 0.776 x 0.515 mm. giant eggs were 32-34% greater in length and 22-24% greater in width than normal eggs. females maintained under a short-day photoperiod (l:d 12:12) laid only normal eggs (0.588 x 0.417 mm). there were no differences between these eggs in viability and developmental time, but lar ... | 1995 | 8575272 |
| [detection of the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi in ixodid ticks using solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis (elisa)]. | 138 ixodes persulcatus and 140 i. ricinus ticks were collected by flagging in the moscow region of russia in april-september 1995. borrelia burgdorferi infection rates of 171 (73 i. persulcatus and 98 i. ricinus) flat ticks were ascertained by both a dark-field microscopy and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the elisa is based on the use of "capture" monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to osp a l12-9b4 (2d8) in combination with rabbit antisera to osp a and b. this mab reacts with b. burgdo ... | 1997 | 9541935 |
| differential transmission of the genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by game birds and small rodents in england. | the genetic diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was assessed in a focus of lyme borreliosis in southern britain dominated by game birds. ticks, rodents, and pheasants were analyzed for spirochete infections by pcr-targeting the 23s-5s rrna genes, followed by genotyping by the reverse line blot method. in questing ixodes ricinus ticks, three genospecies of b. burgdorferi sensu lato were detected, with the highest prevalences found for borrelia garinii and borrelia valaisiana. b. burgdorf ... | 1998 | 9546150 |
| diversity of european lyme disease spirochetes at the southern margin of their range. | we determined whether the genospecies diversity of lyme disease spirochetes in vector ticks questing on a subtropical island is as broad as that in central europe. although spirochetes infected < 1% of the ticks sampled on madeira island, these infections included all three genospecies implicated in human disease. therefore, spirochetal diversity is as great at the southern margin as it is in the center of this pathogen's range. | 1998 | 9572986 |
| [cyclic processes in the dynamics of the population count of the taiga tick and their relation to weather and climatic conditions]. | the paper continues the discussion of published materials on the dynamic of ixodes persulcatus number in mountain forests of the central part of the krasnoyarsk region during 1958-1990 (korotkov e. a., 1992). an unstationarity and polycyclicity of examined processus is confirmed. it is shown, that long-term and middle-term quasi-periodical fluctuations of the tick number are determined by successive changing in forest biocenoses going under the influence of respective fluctuations of the climate ... | 1998 | 9612819 |
| [prevention of lyme borreliosis infection after tick bites]. | lyme borreliosis is one of the zoonotic and vectorial diseases in the world. female of taiga tick, ixodes persulcatus play an important role being the main vector of the agents, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, of the disease in the far east including japan. the number of patients who contacted lyme borreliosis have been estimated to be around 100 cases in all of japan. we also detected the spirochetes from the skin tissues of 27 cases involving erythema and 3 cases without erythema after tick b ... | 1998 | 9642941 |
| lyme disease spirochetes in ticks from northeastern china. | during may 1996, field surveys on lyme disease spirochetes were conducted in beijing, shenyang, fushun, and inner mongolia in northeastern china. the ticks collected consisted of 3 genera and 12 species. of these, ixodes persulcatus was dominant in sun-exposed vegetation in forests in inner mongolia; 57 borrelia strains (55/123 unfed adults and 2/5 immature stages fed on a rodent) were obtained from this tick by bsk culture. additionally, 2/2 apodemus peninsulae were positive. ixodes nipponensis ... | 1998 | 9645846 |
| lyme disease borrelia species in northeastern china resemble those isolated from far eastern russia and japan. | fifty-nine borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato culture isolates collected from northeastern china were characterized by 5s-23s rrna intergenic spacer restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies (mabs). among 59 culture isolates, 30 (50.8%) were borrelia garinii and 17 (28.8%) were borrelia afzelii, 2 were mixtures composed of b. garinii with rflp pattern b and b. garinii with pattern c, and 9 were mixtures composed of b. garinii and b. afzelii. ... | 1998 | 9647853 |
| failure of ixodes ticks to inherit borrelia afzelii infection. | to define conditions promoting inherited infection by lyme disease spirochetes in ixodes ticks, we variously infected ticks with borrelia afzelii and examined their progenies by dark-field microscopy, immunofluorescence, pcr, and serial passage. no episode of inherited infection was evident, regardless of instar or gender infected or frequency of exposure. we suggest that these spirochetes rarely, if ever, are inherited by vector ticks. | 1998 | 9687480 |
| clinical features of lyme borreliosis in the middle urals and distribution of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in local ixodes persulcatus ticks. | from 1991 to 1993, we investigated the clinical features of lyme borreliosis (lb) in 864 patients from the sverdlovsk region (population 4.5 million) in the middle urals. ixodes persulcatus ticks were collected in the vicinity of yekaterinburg to determine the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species. from 1991 to 1993, the number of patients with lb increased from 91 to 320 and 453, respectively. nearly all lb patients (97%) recalled a tick bite and the first signs of lb developed be ... | 1998 | 9728411 |
| genetic divergence and evolutionary instability in ospe-related members of the upstream homology box gene family in borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex isolates. | a series of related genes that are flanked at their 5' ends by a conserved upstream sequence element called the upstream homology box (uhb) have been identified in borrelia burgdorferi. these genes have been referred to as the uhb or erp gene family. we previously demonstrated that among a limited number of b. burgdorferi isolates, the uhb gene family is variable in composition and organization. prior to this report the uhb gene family in other species of the b. burgdorferi sensu lato complex ha ... | 1998 | 9746562 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in russia and neighbouring countries: high incidence of mixed isolates. | a total of 365 isolates of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from 12 major administrative territories of russia (from st. petersburg in the west to south sakhalin in the east) and from the czech republic, estonia, lithuania, byelorussia, moldavia, ukraine and kirghizia were identified by analysis of restriction polymorphism of ribosomal rrf-rrl spacer amplicons. the isolates were obtained mainly from ixodes persulcatus and i. ricinus ticks. other sources included small mammals, human patients and ... | 1997 | 9765854 |
| genospecies identification and characterization of lyme disease spirochetes of genospecies borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolated from rodents in taiwan. | lyme disease spirochetes of the genospecies borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato were identified and characterized for the first time in taiwan. seven isolates, designated twkm1 to twkm7, were purified from the ear tissues of three species of rodents captured from seven localities of taiwan. the immunological characteristics of these taiwan isolates were compared with those of other genospecies of lyme disease spirochetes by analyzing the protein profiles and reactivities with b. burgdorferi-specific ... | 1998 | 9774551 |
| molecular analysis of sequence heterogeneity among genes encoding decorin binding proteins a and b of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | immunization of mice with borrelia burgdorferi decorin binding protein a (dbpa), one of two gene products of the dbpba locus, has been shown recently to confer protection against challenge. hyperimmune dbpa antiserum killed a large number of b. burgdorferi sensu lato isolates of diverse phylogeny and origin, suggesting conservation of the protective epitope(s). in order to evaluate the heterogeneity of dbpa and dbpb and to facilitate defining the conserved epitope(s) of these antigens, the seque ... | 1998 | 9784533 |
| [studies on epidemiology and etiology of lyme disease in china]. | from 1987 to 1996, an investigation and study on lyme disease was conducted in sixty counties and districts of twenty-two provinces (autonomous region, municipality). seroepidemiological findings indicated that some residents from forest areas of twenty-two provinces had a high antibody titer for borrelia burgdorferi with positive rate 5.06% (1724/34104). endemic foci of lyme disease were discovered in seventeen provinces by etiological evidence. typical cases of lyme disease were diagnosed in e ... | 1997 | 9812472 |
| [endo- and ectoparasites as factors influencing variability of the humoral immunity response in a natural population of red vole (clethrionomys rutilus)]. | based on the five-year population study of red voles clethrionomys rutilus pallas in southern west siberia, we analysed the distribution of two predominating species of parasites (tapeworms hymenolepis horrida and immature instars of ticks ixodes persulcatus) in different demographic groups of the host, and seasonal changes of their incidence in the population. we assessed primary humoral immune response of the voles (splenic antibody-forming cells) to antigenic challenge (injection of sheep ery ... | 1998 | 9813882 |
| [propagation of the pathogen of lyme disease borrelia burgdorferi in the ticks ixodes persulcatus]. | an increase of the number of borrelia burgdorferi s. l. in nymphs was observed 3-4 months later the moulting and during the following 4-5 months. the percent of infected ticks remained unchanged. the reproduction of spirochete was going not only at a room temperature, but also at a lower temperature, 3-5 degrees (imitation of hibernation conditions). an increase of the spirochete density was especially well marked, when the ticks were maintained under fluctuated daily conditions. we have found o ... | 1998 | 9859126 |
| [features of the parasitic system of ixodid ticks--borrelia--small mammals in the russian northwest]. | mammals and ticks was collected in 1995-1997 years in novgorod region from may to september. traps were exposed during 5 consecutive days every month in 4 different biotopes. 928 hosts were captured during three years. 357 larvae and 59 nymphs of ixodes persulcatus, 356 larvae and 71 nymphs of i. trianguliceps were collected. the clethrionomys glareolus and sorex araneus are main hosts of larvae of i. persulcatus and i. trianguliceps. c. glareolus feed 76.2% of i. persulcatus larvae and 25% of i ... | 1998 | 9859127 |
| [transovarial transmission of borrelia burgdorferi s.l, to taiga tick ixodes persulcatus (ixodidae)]. | | 1998 | 9891215 |
| [borrelia burgdorferi, taxonomy, pathogenicity and spread]. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is a bacterial complex of at least 10 species, most of which are non pathogenic for humans. non pathogenic species seem to be more vector-specific, their distribution being restricted to that of this vector. in opposition, the three species pathogenic for humans, borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (b.b.s.s.), borrelia garinii (b.g.), and borrelia afzelii (b.a.), are transmitted by several species of ticks more diversified in their host choice. each of these three ... | 1998 | 9921400 |
| [tick-borne encephalitis in central and eastern europe]. | the tick-borne encephalitis virus, a major arbovirus, is endemic in central and eastern europe. since the first case of tick-borne encephalitis observed in alsace in 1968, there have been approximately 30 cases reported in eastern france. the tick ixodes persulcatus (and the western subtype i. ricinus) is both the main reservoir and vector of the disease. early clinical signs of infection are followed by a second phase complicated with meningoencephalitis. the geographical distribution of the di ... | 1996 | 8685190 |
| isolation of lyme disease borrelia from puffins (fratercula arctica) and seabird ticks (ixodes uriae) on the faeroe islands. | this is the first report on the isolation of lyme disease borrelia from seabirds on the faeroe islands and the characteristics of its enzootic cycle. the major components of the borrelia cycle include the puffin (fratercula arctica) as the reservoir and ixodes uriae as the vector. the importance of this cycle and its impact on the spread of human lyme borreliosis have not yet been established. borrelia spirochetes isolated from 2 of 102 sampled puffins were compared to the borreliae previously o ... | 1999 | 10074497 |
| [transovarial and transphasic transmissions of borrelia by the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus (ixodidae)]. | three generations of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus, the descendants from naturally infected females, have been examined by means of dark field and phase contrast microscopies and indirect immunofluorescent reactions with monoclonal antibodies. location of borreliae in oocytes was examined by means of electron microscopy. the examined ticks derived from 9 females collected in the novgorod province, from 6 females of 1st laboratory generation and 5 females of the 2nd generation. in total, 250 ... | 1998 | 10188171 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ricinus ticks in urban recreational areas of helsinki. | lyme borreliosis, an infection caused by the tick-borne spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, is a major health problem for populations in areas of endemicity in the northern hemisphere. in the present study we assessed the density of ticks and the prevalence of b. burgdorferi sensu lato among ticks in popular urban recreational areas of helsinki, finland. altogether 1,688 ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from five areas located within 5 km of the downtown section of helsinki, and 726 of them (303 ... | 1999 | 10203487 |
| [investigation on primary vectors of borrelia burgdorferi in china]. | from 1987 to 1997, primary vectors of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (b.b.s.l.) were investigated in china. a total number of 17,000 ticks collected from 20 provinces, city and autonomous region were classified, including 2 families 8 genus 23 species. there were 108 isolates of b.b.s.l. discovered from 8 species of ticks, including ixodes persulcatus, i. granulatus, i. acutitarsus, haemaphysalis concinna, h. longicornis, h. bispinosis, h. cornigera taiwana and dermacentor silvarum. ixodes pers ... | 1998 | 10322682 |
| [vergina-like strains of tick-borne encephalitis in russia]. | the greek strain vergina representing an individual third serotype of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus has been compared with 13 tbe strains isolated on the territory of russia and central asia (in kirghizia). a kit of deoxyoligonucleotide probes complementary to genome sites of neudorfle strain of the tbe central european subtype (protein c and prm genes) and of strain sofyin of the eastern subtype (protein e, c, m, prm, ns 1, ns 2b, ns 4b genes) was used in molecular hybridization of nuclei ... | 1995 | 8686262 |
| in vitro activities of the everninomicin sch 27899 and other newer antimicrobial agents against borrelia burgdorferi. | the in vitro activity of the everninomicin antibiotic sch 27899 against 17 isolates of borrelia spp. was investigated. mics ranged from 0.06 to 0.5 microg/ml. time-kill studies with the b31 strain of b. burgdorferi demonstrated >/=3-log10-unit killing after 72 h with concentrations representing four times the mic. the in vitro activity of four other newer antimicrobial agents, meropenem, cefepime, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and linezolid, was also tested against the b31 strain. meropenem was the ... | 1999 | 10390242 |
| variation in parameters affecting risk of human disease due to tbe virus. | to rank variables affecting risk of human disease due to tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus in the russian far east, we compared annual changes in (1) frequency of human contact with vector ticks, (2) prevalence of infection in the tick population and (3) quantity of virus present infected ticks. sites were sampled uniformly over a 4-year period in a forested region where ixodes persulcatus serves as the principle vector. the questing density of ticks on vegetation remained relatively constant ... | 1995 | 8774782 |
| [antibacterial therapy as a means of preventing ixodid tick-borne borreliosis]. | a special epidemiological experiment to prevent borreliosis in persons bitten by infected ticks was performed in 1992-1994 in the russia's perm region where borrelia garinii and b.afzelii circulate, and ixodes persulcatus tick is the sole vector transmitting these pathogens to human beings. adult ticks were removed from the bodies of persons who had referred to health facilities for first aid. vital preparations were made from the material obtained from the gut of each tick and examined microsco ... | 1996 | 8926931 |
| mixed infection by tick-borne encephalitis virus and borrelia in ticks. | to investigate the relationships between tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus and the bacterial spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in vectors with mixed infections, unfed adult ixodes persulcatus ticks were collected by flagging from vegetation in southern-taiga forests of the pre-urals region of russia where both infections circulate sympatrically. prevalences of tbe and borrelia infections in a total of 4234 ticks were compared over 5 years. no significant differences were revealed bet ... | 1999 | 10484167 |
| molecular typing of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: taxonomic, epidemiological, and clinical implications. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the spirochete that causes human lyme borreliosis (lb), is a genetically and phenotypically divergent species. in the past several years, various molecular approaches have been developed and used to determine the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity within the lb-related spirochetes and their potential association with distinct clinical syndromes. these methods include serotyping, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, dna-dna reassociation analysis, rrna gene restri ... | 1999 | 10515907 |
| genetic analysis of borrelia garinii ospa serotype 4 strains associated with neuroborreliosis: evidence for extensive genetic homogeneity. | infection with borrelia garinii outer surface protein (osp) a serotype 4 strains has been correlated with the development of neuroborreliosis in lyme borreliosis patients in europe. ospa serotype 4 isolates have been recovered primarily from human cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting a tropism for this environment. previous studies with monoclonal antibodies directed against ospa and ospc demonstrated that ospa serotype 4 strains are antigenically closely related. in view of the pronounced antigenic ... | 1999 | 10565915 |
| scored antibody reactivity determined by immunoblotting shows an association between clinical manifestations and presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. garinii, b. afzelii, and b. valaisiana in humans. | an immunoglobulin g immunoblot was developed with antigenic extracts of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. garinii, b. afzelii, and b. valaisiana genospecies and was reacted with sera from patients with neuroborreliosis, acrodermatitis, and lyme arthritis. a detailed analysis of the reactivities of the protein bands was performed, and a two-step scoring procedure was selected to determine the preferential reactivity of sera to one particular genospecies. the discriminative potential of 5 pro ... | 1999 | 10565936 |
| [contacts of the population of the republic of sakha (yakutia) with the tick ixodes persulcatus sch., 1930]. | | 1996 | 8926933 |
| genetic diversity and the absence of regional differences of borrelia garinii as demonstrated by ospa and ospb gene sequence analysis. | unfed adult ixodes persulcatus ticks were collected from four locations of nagano and hokkaido in japan. infected borrelia garinii were investigated by pcr-rflp of the ospa and ospb gene sequences. the primer set amplified an approximately 1.6-kb dna fragment (0.7-kb in some strains), and bsri, bstyi, or nlaiii digestion of the product resulted in six distinctively different pcr-rflp groups and two independent borrelial strains. the representatives in each pcr-rflp group and individuals from the ... | 1999 | 10656177 |
| prevalence of lyme disease borrelia spp. in ticks from migratory birds on the japanese mainland. | borrelia sp. prevalence in ticks on migratory birds was surveyed in central japan. in autumn, a total of 1,733 birds representing 40 species were examined for ticks. a total of 361 ticks were obtained from 173 birds of 15 species, and these ticks were immature haemaphysalis flava (94.4%), haemaphysalis longicornis, ixodes columnae, ixodes persulcatus, ixodes turdus, and an unidentified ixodes species. of these, 27 juveniles of h. flava on turdus pallidus, turdus cardis, or emberiza spodocephala, ... | 2000 | 10698761 |
| [the biodiversity dynamics of the causative agents of diseases transmitted by ticks in the genus ixodes: an analysis of multiyear data]. | fauna of pathogen's met in the organism of the primary tick-borne disease vectors--ixodes persulcatus schulze and ixodes ricinus (l.) was observed. prevalence of borrelia mono- and poly-infection in the i. persulcatus ticks within a season of the vector activity was analyzed and increase of the number of the dual infected specimens during the season was demonstrated. the first determination of ehrlichia infected i. ricinus and i. persulcatus collected in the baltic region of russia was stated. t ... | 1999 | 10703200 |
| analysis of the bmp gene family in borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | bmpa, bmpb, bmpc, and bmpd are homologous borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins of unknown functions, encoded by the bmp genes of paralogous chromosomal gene family 36. at least some of the bmp proteins are immunogens in infected vertebrate hosts. the genetic organization of the bmp region has been characterized for a variety of b. burgdorferi sensu lato strains by southern hybridization, pcr amplification, and dna sequencing. all four bmp genes were present in the same relative order in all b. burg ... | 2000 | 10715014 |
| acquisition of coinfection and simultaneous transmission of borrelia burgdorferi and ehrlichia phagocytophila by ixodes scapularis ticks. | the agents of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi) and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (ehrlichia phagocytophila) are both transmitted by the tick ixodes scapularis. in nature, ticks are often infected with both agents simultaneously. we studied whether previous infection with either borrelia or ehrlichia in ticks would affect acquisition and transmission of a second pathogen. ehrlichia-infected i. scapularis nymphs were fed upon borrelia-infected mice, and borrelia-infected i. scapularis nymphs ... | 2000 | 10722618 |
| [parasitic arthropods of bison bonasus from the białowieza primeval forest]. | during the period 1991-1993, 61 bisons from the białowieza primaeval forest were examined. 8 species of ectoparasites were noted: bovicola sedecimdecembrii, lipoptena cervi, dermacentor reticulatus, ixodes ricinus, ixodes persulcatus, chorioptes bovis, psoroptes ovis, demodex bisonianus. the most frequent incidence noted was d. bisonianus, prevalence 52%, followed b. sedecimdecembrii--28%, i. ricinus--12% and l. cervi 8%. | 1996 | 8967085 |
| [the distribution characteristics of the taiga tick (ixodidae) in the city of tomsk]. | the study conducted in 1996-1997 has shown that in large town lads there is a steady population of the taiga tick with the maximum number 3 specimens per 1 km of account route. in these lads there are well developed wood and shrub layer, grass cover and thick ground litter layer. tick larvae often occur on rodents from these territories. in lads and gardens, where the ground litter is ruined and herbal cover is oppressed, the taiga ticks do not occur. in outskirts the number of ticks is higher. ... | 1999 | 10771765 |
| [the exploratory activity of the borrelia-infected taiga tick ixodes persulcatus]. | the infection with borrelia burgdorferi s. l. increases the questing activity of adults and nymphs of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus. high temperature inhibits the moving and questing activities of the infected ticks in a greater extent than that in the non-infected ones. than more borreliae per a specimen of tick are present, the more tick's activity is affected. | 1999 | 10771773 |
| [geographic variability in the sexually mature phase of ixodes persulcatus (ixodidae). experience in using databases on morphometry]. | the aim of the article is to estimate geographic variation of ixodes persulcatus adults as a whole. intraspecific variation of the females and males of ixodes persulcatus schulze, 1930 has been studied in eight geographical localities ("populations") of its distribution range (fig. 1.). the distance between western and eastern localities is more than 8700 km, between northern and southern ones it is approximately 2900 km. twenty five to thirty specimens of each sex were studied in each geographi ... | 1996 | 8984442 |
| [molecular characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis virus from the southern sikhote-alin endemic region]. | molecular characteristics of 38 strains of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus isolated in the southern sikhote-alin focus were studied using 10 synthetic oligonucleotide probes complementary to the genomic rna of the sofyin strain. the isolated strains were divided into 4 groups, depending on the source of isolation: 1) strains isolated from ixodes persulcatus (n = 8); 2) from the brain of patients dead from tbe (n = 10); 3) from the blood of patients with the febrile form of tbe (n = 7); and 4 ... | 1996 | 8999668 |
| genetic diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks from mainland portugal. | to date borrelia lusitaniae is the only genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks collected in portugal and tunisia. this suggests that the genospecies diversity of b. burgdorferi sensu lato decreases toward the southwestern margin of its old world subtropical range. in order to further explore the genetic diversity of b. burgdorferi sensu lato from this region, 55 i. ricinus and 27 hyalomma marginatum questing adults, collected during the spring of 1998 f ... | 2000 | 10834965 |
| genetic characteristics of borrelia coriaceae isolates from the soft tick ornithodoros coriaceus (acari: argasidae). | two borrelia isolates (ca434 and ca435) cultured from the soft tick ornithodoros coriaceus were analyzed by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis of unrestricted and apai-restricted dna, standard electrophoresis of bamhi- and hindiii-restricted dna, southern hybridization, restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing of the 16s rrna gene, and amplification of the 5s-23s intergenic spacer region. these isolates were compared with borrelia coriaceae type strain ... | 2000 | 10878063 |
| identification of ehrlichia chaffeensis by nested pcr in ticks from southern china. | a total of 717 ticks collected from southern china were examined by nested pcr for the presence of ehrlichia chaffeensis. sixteen (55. 2%) of 29 adult amblyomma testudinarium ticks and 28 (11.7%) of 240 adult and at least 4.2% of 215 nymphal (pooled specimens) haemaphysalis yeni ticks tested positive. four other species of ticks were negative. selected positive amplicons were confirmed by dna sequencing. | 2000 | 10878087 |
| [an electron microscopic study of borrelia in the body of the female ixodid tick ixodes persulcatus]. | borrelia burgdorferi s. lato in naturally infected females of tick ixodes persulcatus were examined by transmission electron microscopy. the borreliae were found in midgut and ovary. location and ultrastructure of bacteria indicate extracellular migration through the midgut epithelium as a preferential way. in gonad, the borreliae intracellular situate in ovarian epithelium and oocytes before and at the beginning of vitellogenesis. the demonstration of numerous spirochetes in the oocytes provide ... | 2000 | 10920844 |
| peculiarities of behaviour of taiga (ixodes persulcatus) and sheep (ixodes ricinus) ticks (acarina: ixodidae) determined by different methods. | a comparison of the behavioural peculiarities of ixodes persulcatus schulze, 1930 (north-western population, russia) and ixodes ricinus (l., 1758) from western russia and denmark was determined by using two methods. method 1 involved a sojourn of ticks on vertical plastic sticks and showed that the questing behaviour of i. ricinus nymphs was dependent on temperature and relative humidity (rh). a significantly greater number of nymphs quested at 22 degrees c and 100% rh than at 18 degrees c. when ... | 2000 | 10945740 |
| [the functioning of foci of mixed tick-borne infections on russian territory]. | based on the studies of behavioral variations in ixodes persulcatus ticks under the influence of their carried pathogens, the authors forward a hypothesis for that there is antagonism between borrelia and tick-borne encephalitis virus in the vector. experiments demonstrated that borrelia-infected ticks had a lower viral sensitivity than did noninfected ticks. there was inhibited viral reproduction in the ticks with double infection. evidence is presented for that the borrelia-infected nymphal ti ... | 1996 | 9026679 |
| molecular and pathogenic characterization of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates from spain. | fifteen borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates from questing ticks and skin biopsy specimens from erythema migrans patients in three different areas of spain were characterized. four different genospecies were found (nine borrelia garinii, including the two human isolates, three b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, two b. valaisiana, and one b. lusitaniae), showing a diverse spectrum of b. burgdorferi sensu lato species. b. garinii isolates were highly variable in terms of pulsed-field gel electropho ... | 2000 | 11060064 |
| granulocytic ehrlichiae in ixodes persulcatus ticks from an area in china where lyme disease is endemic. | a total of 372 adult ixodes persulcatus ticks were collected from vegetation in a forest area of heilongjiang province in northeastern china, where lyme disease is known to be endemic. the ticks were examined for the presence of granulocytic ehrlichiae by heminested pcr with primers derived from the 16s rrna gene. of 310 ticks obtained from the dahe forestry farm, two pools (each containing 5 ticks) were found positive, with a minimum infection rate of 0.6%. ehrlichial dna was also detected in o ... | 2000 | 11060091 |
| transfusion-acquired, autochthonous human babesiosis in japan: isolation of babesia microti-like parasites with hu-rbc-scid mice. | we have isolated piroplasms from a patient who developed the first case of human babesiosis in japan by using nod/shi-scid mice whose circulating erythrocytes (rbcs) had been replaced with human rbcs (hu-rbc-scid mice). following inoculation of the patient's blood specimen into hu-rbc-scid mice, parasites proliferated within the human rbcs in the mice, resulting in a high level of parasitemia. parasite dna was prepared from blood samples of the patient and the mice, and the nuclear small-subunit ... | 2000 | 11101588 |
| [the distribution of tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected ticks along a linear census route]. | an individual study of ixodes persulcatus schulze, 1930, established that the distribution of infected ticks differs from the normal distribution and it is most close to the poisson distribution. there is a tendency to deviation from the uniform-random distribution associated with higher infected tick contact rates in some parts of the route. | 1996 | 9036277 |
| lone star tick-infecting borreliae are most closely related to the agent of bovine borreliosis. | although borrelia theileri, the agent of bovine borreliosis, was described at the turn of the century (in 1903), its relationship with borreliae causing lyme disease or relapsing fever remains undescribed. we tested the previously published hypothesis that spirochetes infecting lone star ticks (amblyomma americanum) may comprise b. theileri by analyzing the 16s ribosomal dnas (rdnas) and flagellin genes of these spirochetes. b. theileri, the amblyomma agent, and b. miyamotoi formed a natural gro ... | 2001 | 11158095 |
| consensus sequence on the genes encoding the major outer surface proteins (ospa and ospb) of borrelia garinii isolate. | japanese lyme borrelias classified as ribotype iv is predominant among isolates derived from clinical specimens, reservoir rodents and ixodes persulcatus ticks, and has been characterized as borrelia garinii. these b. garinii isolates have antigenic and genetic features apparently different from north american, european and other asian isolates, especially in major outer surface proteins a (ospa) and b (ospb). in this study, we cloned and sequenced the genes encoding ospa and ospb from b. garini ... | 1997 | 9087950 |
| specificities and sensitivities of four monoclonal antibodies for typing of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates. | borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme borreliosis, is genetically more heterogeneous than previously thought. in europe five genospecies have been described from the original b. burgdorferi sensu lato (sl): b. burgdorferi sensu stricto (ss), b. garinii, b. afzelii, b. lusitaniae, and b. valaisiana. in the united states, b. burgdorferi ss as well as b. bissettii in california and b. andersonii on the east coast were differentiated. in asia, b. japonica has been identified along, with b. garinii ... | 2001 | 11238225 |
| the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes persulcatus and i. ricinus ticks in the zone of their sympatry. | a total of 7210 unfed adult ixodes persulcatus schulze, 1930 and i. ricinus (l., 1758) ticks were collected from the vegetation by flagging in 35 study sites located in the zone of their sympatry (mainly in leningrad region, russia). borrelia infection in ticks was estimated by the dark-field microscopic analysis of gut contents in standard vital preparations at a magnification of x600. no correlation was revealed between the series of parameters characterising the abundance of each tick species ... | 2001 | 11266136 |
| characterization of lyme borreliosis isolates from patients with erythema migrans and neuroborreliosis in southern sweden. | southern sweden is an area of lyme borreliosis (lb) endemicity, with an incidence of 69 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. the most frequent clinical manifestations are erythema migrans (77%) and neuroborreliosis (16%). there was no record of human borrelia strains being isolated from patients in this region before the prospective study reported here. borrelia spirochetes were isolated from skin and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from lb patients living in the region. a total of 39 strains were character ... | 2001 | 11283044 |
| p13, an integral membrane protein of borrelia burgdorferi, is c-terminally processed and contains surface-exposed domains. | to elucidate antigens present on the bacterial surface of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato that may be involved in pathogenesis, we characterized a protein, p13, with an apparent molecular mass of 13 kda. the protein was immunogenic and was expressed in large amounts during in vitro cultivation compared to other known antigens. an immunofluorescence assay, immunoelectron microscopy, and protease sensitivity assays indicated that p13 is surface exposed. the deduced sequence of the p13 peptide reve ... | 2001 | 11292755 |
| distribution and characterization of tick-borne encephalitis viruses from siberia and far-eastern asia. | in this study, tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) viruses from siberia and far-eastern asia were characterized in order to determine virus subtype distribution. tbe viruses were isolated from ticks (ixodes persulcatus) collected in the far-eastern (khabarovsk and vladivostok) and siberian (irkutsk) regions of russia in 1999. phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates formed distinct clusters of far-eastern and siberian subtypes. there was also a minor difference in antigenicity between the irkutsk is ... | 2001 | 11369875 |
| human babesiosis in japan: isolation of babesia microti-like parasites from an asymptomatic transfusion donor and from a rodent from an area where babesiosis is endemic. | to determine the source of infection for the japanese index case of human babesiosis, we analyzed blood samples from an asymptomatic individual whose blood had been transfused into the patient. in addition, we surveyed rodents collected from near the donor's residence. examination by microscopy and pcr failed to detect the parasite in the donor's blood obtained 8 months after the donation of the blood that was transfused. however, we were able to isolate babesia parasites by inoculating the bloo ... | 2001 | 11376054 |
| identification of ehrlichia spp. and borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ticks in the baltic regions of russia. | the presence and distribution of ehrlichia spp. and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was demonstrated among ixodid ticks collected in the baltic regions of russia, where lyme borreliosis is endemic. a total of 3,426 ixodes ricinus and 1,267 ixodes persulcatus specimens were collected, and dark-field microscopy showed that 265 (11.5%) i. ricinus and 333 (26.3%) i. persulcatus ticks were positive. from these samples, 472 dark-field-positive and 159 dark-field-negative ticks were subjected to pcr an ... | 2001 | 11376063 |
| isolation and characterization of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains in an area of italy where lyme borreliosis is endemic. | between 1993 and 1998, we isolated borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from 55 of the 119 patients with clinically diagnosed lyme borreliosis who were admitted to "san martino" hospital in belluno, veneto, an adriatic region in northeastern italy where lyme borreliosis is endemic. upon hospitalization, all patients presented erythema migrans. isolates were typed using ribosomal dna pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the rrfa-rrlb intergenic spacer. of the 41 isolates typ ... | 2001 | 11376066 |
| risk for human tick-borne encephalitis, borrelioses, and double infection in the pre-ural region of russia. | we assessed the risk for human tick-borne encephalitis (tbe), ixodid tick-borne borrelioses, and double infection from 1994 to 1998 in perm, which has among the highest rates of reported cases in russia. we studied 3,473 unfed adult ixodes persulcatus ticks collected from vegetation in natural foci and 62,816 ticks removed from humans. tbe virus and borrelia may coexist in ticks. | 2001 | 11384529 |
| distinct combinations of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies found in individual questing ticks from europe. | the genetic diversity of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was assessed in individual adult ixodes ricinus ticks from europe by direct pcr amplification of spirochetal dna followed by genospecies-specific hybridization. analysis of mixed infections in the ticks showed that b. garinii and b. valaisiana segregate from b. afzelii. this and previous findings suggest that host complement interacts with spirochetes in the tick, thereby playing an important role in the ecology of lyme borreliosis. | 2001 | 11571205 |
| [demographic structure of the population of taiga tick (ixodidae) in coniferous forests of the kemchug upland in 1986-1991]. | it is recovered, that full engorged females of ixodes persulcatus lay average of 25,250 eggs per 1 ha during the season in the test area. it produces 13,750 larvae. the abundance of hungry larvae is reduced up to 12,500 during the winter period. 11,643 larvae become engorged. the total abundance of hungry nymphs counts: 10,933 in autumn, and 9895 in spring. the total abundance of hungry adults, half of which is represented by females, makes 1774 in autumn, and 1084 in spring. about 10 females fo ... | 2001 | 11605451 |
| lyme disease borrelia spp. in ticks and rodents from northwestern china. | in may 1999, field surveys of lyme disease spirochetes were conducted around the tianshan mountains in xinjiang uygur autonomous region in northwestern people's republic of china. ixodes persulcatus ticks were obtained in a tianchi lake valley with primary forest, while the tick fauna was poor in the semidesert or at higher altitudes in this region. species identities were confirmed by molecular analysis in which an internal transcribed spacer sequence was used. of 55 adult ticks, 22 (40%) were ... | 2001 | 11679340 |
| [detection of the genotypic heterogeneity of ixodes persulcatus schulze (acari: ixodidae) of the north-west region of russia and characteristics of distribution of tick-borne pathogens causing lyme disease and ehrlichia infections in various genotypes]. | the heterogeneity of the ixodes persulcatus population in the vicinity of saint petersburg was estimated by using malate dehydrogenase (mdh) isoenzyme. there are six mdh genotypes carrying 3 alleles in the ixodes persulcatus population. the prevalence of borrelia and ehrlichia species in the study genotypes was analyzed. there was a difference in the prevalence and intensity of infection. the greatest abundance of borrelia was described in the genotypes to genogroup 1 (with allele 1). among them ... | 2001 | 11680364 |
| antibiotic treatment in mice infected with japanese borrelia garinii: efficacy of ceftriaxone for eradicating the infection induced by ixodes persulcatus tick bites. | we compared the efficacy of three antibiotics (ceftriaxone, erythromycin and clarithromycin) against borrelia garinii infection in mice. the nymphal ticks of ixodes persulcatus infected with the strain jem6 of japanese b. garinii were allowed to feed on female c3h mice. the mice were treated with each of the antibiotics for 5 consecutive days 1, 3, or 7 weeks after tick detachment. the doses of antibiotics per day were as follows: 5 mg intraperitoneal injection of ceftriaxone, 2 mg intraperitone ... | 1997 | 9087959 |
| in-vitro and in-vivo antibiotic susceptibilities of lyme disease borrelia isolated in china. | the antibiotic susceptibilities of seven borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates from ixodes persulcatus in china were examined by in-vitro microdilution minimum inhibition concentration (mic) and macrodilution minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) methods. all isolates tested were susceptible to amoxicillin, erythromycin, and minocycline. the mics of these drugs for the chinese isolates were 0.025-0.1 microg/ml, <0.012-0.05 microg/ml, and <0.012-0.05 microg/ml, respectively. the mbcs were 0 ... | 2000 | 11810535 |
| tick-borne encephalitis virus in lithuania. | tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) is a severe problem in lithuania, indicated by the 171 to 645 serologically confirmed cases that occurred each year between 1993 and 1999. in the present report, the first isolation and partial genetic analysis of a lithuanian tbe virus (tbev) strain isolated from a patient's serum sample is described. the patient was bitten by a tick while visiting the lazdijai district (veisiejai forest) in the southernmost part of lithuania, a geographical area where ixodes ricin ... | 2001 | 11837641 |
| [multistage mechanism of reproductive sympatric isolation of the closely-related species, ixodes persulcatus and i. pavloskyi (ixodidae)]. | the closely related species ixodes persulcatus and i. pavlovskyi are vectors of agents tick-born encephalitis and lyme disease. these species have two great disjunctive sympatric distribution areas (fig. 1), where both species inhabit the same biotopes, and during the same season. in these conditions there are prerequisites of contacts of opposite sexes of the different species during ambushing the hosts on vegetation. sequence of "switching on" of the morphological, physiological, and hostparas ... | 2001 | 11871251 |
| [involvement of the common shrew, sorex araneus (insectivora, soricidae), in circulation of the tick-borne encephalitis virus in south-western siberia]. | we presented the data on the abundance of immature instars of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus schuize on the common shrews sorex araneus l. in natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis in the south of western siberia. basing on the results of virological and serological studies we demonstrated a low effectiveness of this host species as a donor of disease agent strains, which are predominant in the territory under study, for ticks feeding on shrews. the analysis of samples taken from the young s ... | 2001 | 11871252 |
| susceptibility of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus schulze to pyrethroids. | the susceptibility of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus schulze to 15 pyrethroids has been evaluated. the knockdown time after exposure of ticks to pyrethroids tested was quite similar. it was revealed that the lethal doses of type i pyrethroids (permethrin-like) induced the rapid attachment of ticks to host. in contrast, the fatal poisoning with type ii pyrethroids (alpha-cn-pyrethroids) made the ticks unable to attach completely. possible mechanisms of the acceleration and the prevention of at ... | 1994 | 7628245 |
| [the rate of infection of the taiga tick with borrelia in the western sayan]. | the paper provides microscopic findings of taiga ticks collected for the causative agent of lyme's disease in may to july 1993 in the west sayan . a total of 1,016 specimens were examined, among them 124 (12.2%) were found to have borreliae. the areas were demonstrated to vary greatly with their epidemiological risk. the number of ticks and hence the epidemiological risk were the most in the low-mountain and chern taiga areas. | 1994 | 7799847 |
| genetic identification of rickettsiae isolated from ticks in japan. | following the description in japan of japanese spotted fever, caused by rickettsia japonica, a search for the vector of this disease led to the isolation of several rickettsiae from various tick species. sixty-three rickettsial isolates were obtained from six different tick species, and six type strains were described by pcr and monoclonal antibody testing. we identified these six strains by amplification and sequencing of the genes encoding 16s rrna and citrate synthase. we confirmed that the i ... | 2002 | 12037083 |
| borrelia burgdorferi population kinetics and selected gene expression at the host-vector interface. | by using real-time quantitative pcr, the population dynamics and gene transcription of borrelia burgdorferi were examined in ticks and skin of mice during acquisition of the infection from mice by ticks and during transmission of the infection from ticks to mice. population dynamics were determined by using a flab dna target. a quantitative analysis of flab, ospa, ospc, dbpa, and arp transcription was also performed. the results revealed that both uninfected larval and nymphal ixodes scapularis ... | 2002 | 12065476 |
| simultaneous detection of anaplasma marginale and a new ehrlichia species closely related to ehrlichia chaffeensis by sequence analyses of 16s ribosomal dna in boophilus microplus ticks from tibet. | to identify ehrlichial agents in boophilus microplus ticks, dna samples of b. microplus collected from the tibet autonomous region and sichuan province of china were screened by a nested pcr. sixteen of 43 (37%) dna samples of b. microplus from tibet were positive in nested pcr analysis. all 27 samples from sichuan were negative. the screen identified two ehrlichial agents based on different 16s rrna genes that were found after amplifying and sequencing the 5'-end fragments of the 16s rrna genes ... | 2002 | 12202567 |
| [the absolute and relative abundance of imagoes of the taiga tick (ixodidae) in the dark coniferous-deciduous valley forests of the northwestern spurs of the eastern sayan]. | additions to the method of estimating the absolute and relative numbers of the pasture ticks in test areas are proposed. additions take in attention the influence of ticks immigrating to the test area in dependence upon the isolation rate of that area. it has been stated that in the period 1987-1991 the mean relative number of i. persulcatus (mean tick number per 1 flag-kilometer of three decades) was 48, 27, 57, 29 and 38; the absolute tick number on test area (tick number per 1 hectare)--1590, ... | 1994 | 7824285 |
| [risk of human infection with ixodes tick-borne relapsing fever in different regional subzones of the perm region]. | serological and epidemiological surveys covered 2407 persons in 20 populated localities situated in all large geographical and regional subdivisions (subzones) in the perm region. indirect immunofluorescence tests revealed serum immunoglobulins to borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. antibodies in 1:40 or higher dilution were found in nearly 5 to 11% of the dwellers of localities in the subzones of south taiga, coniferous broad-leaved forests, and forest steppe; about 3-7% and 1-6% of them were pres ... | 2002 | 12224266 |
| [a laboratory model of the parasitic system of lyme disease]. | a laboratory model of the parasitic system of lyme borreliosis (lb) with ixodes persulcatus and borrelia burgdorferi s.s. underwent 5 epizootic cycles (cycle i transition of borreliae by the scheme a tick-->a mouse-->a tick corresponds to the seasonal cycle). a group of 5-6 mice was inoculated with the suspension of infected nymphs by the intracutaneously route and 35-45 days later intact tick larvae or nymphs were fed on them. in the first three cycles, 40-100% of mice in a group (a total of 33 ... | 2002 | 12224267 |
| pcr detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent in ixodes persulcatus ticks from western siberia, russia. | pcr assays were used to test adult ixodes persulcatus ticks from western siberia, russia, for borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), and the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) agent. of the 150 ticks that were studied, 38% were infected with b. burgdorferi, 46% were infected with tbev, and 8% were infected with the hge agent. these three pathogens were distributed in the ticks independently of one another. | 2002 | 12354885 |
| [detection and sequential analysis of granulocytic ehrlichia 444-epank gene]. | to provide further pathogenic evidence of granulocytic ehrlichia infection in china. | 2002 | 12411075 |
| [exploratory study on natural focus and its causative agent of genotype of lyme disease by polymerase chain reaction in the forest areas of beijing]. | to learn the existence of natural focus of lyme disease and its distribution. | 2002 | 12411092 |
| seasonal correlation of sporadic schizophrenia to ixodes ticks and lyme borreliosis. | background: being born in winter and spring is considered one of the most robust epidemiological risk factors for schizophrenia. the aetiology and exact timing of this birth excess, however, has remained elusive so far. since during phylogeny, borrelia dna has led to multiple germ-line mutations within the cb1 candidate gene for schizophrenia, a meta analysis has been performed of all papers on schizophrenic birth excesses with no less than 3000 cases each. all published numerical data were then ... | 2002 | 12453316 |
| [the acaricidal activity of pyrethroids against ixodes persulcatus p. sch. nymphs]. | the efficiency of 9 drugs based on cipermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, lambdacigalothrin, ciphenothrin, phenothrin against hungry i. persulcatus nymphs was studied in the laboratory setting. the values ld50 and ld99 (in g of an active ingredient per m2) were found when the nymphs got into contacts with the treated filter paper for 10 sec and 1 min. the paper discusses whether the pyrethroids as part of attractant-acaricidal granules can be used to suppress the size of ticks in the tick-borne ... | 1994 | 7935189 |
| [the finding of larvae of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus (parasitiformes: ixodidae) on necrophagous piophilid flies (diptera: piophilidae) in the southern yamal]. | in course of mass collecting of necrophilous flies by means of cage traps with a bites of dead small mammals in south yamal, at latitude 67 north, 3400 dipterans were caught and examined on mite phoresy. among them two piophilid specimens with two attached ixodes persulcatus larvae have been recovered. | 1993 | 8265213 |
| [comparative characterization of a risk for infection with tick-borne encephalitis in the foci with different regional confinement]. | a comparative study of the foci of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) has revealed that the infectivity of vectors taiga ticks (ixodes persulcatus) plays the leading role in the formation of foci with the highest epidemic activity (including forest steppe ones). the morbidity rates in each regional focus are directly related to the number of tick-bitten persons and to the quantity of the vector. | 2002 | 12557579 |