Publications

sikhote-alin virus, a new member of the cardiovirus group (picornaviridae) isolated from ixodes persulcatus ticks in primorie region.	a virus, designated sikhote-alin, was isolated in 1970 from ixodes persulcatus ticks collected from a wild boar in the primorie region (u.s.s.r.) sikhote-alin virus showed no haemagglutinating activity and no antigenic relationships with arboviruses of 12 antigenic groups, 17 ungrouped tick-borne arboviruses, porcine enteroviruses and coxsackie a (types 1-18) viruses. an one-way antigenic relationship was demonstrated by complement fixation with cardioviruses (mengo and columbia-sk strains). the ...	1978	35943
[comparative evaluation of the action of biologically active substances of different groups of satiated female ixodes persulcatus p. sch. (acarina, ixodidae)].		1979	431496
[migrations of ixodes persulcatus ticks from the moment of nymph satiety to activation of the vempty imagoes].		1979	460050
[sources and patterns in the recovery of the numbers of the taiga tick (ixodes persulcatus, shulze, 1930) in tick-borne encephalitis foci treated with a ddt dust].		1979	460057
[ultrastructural characteristics of the salivary glands of the taiga tick, ixodes persulcatus (ixodidae). i. the granulosecreting alveoles of the fasting female].	two types of granulosecreting alveoles were found in salivary glands of hungry females by means of electron microscopy of ultrafine sections. alveoles of the iind type occur in the anterior helf of the gland. they are not numerous and consist of three types of secretory cells (a, b, c) surrounding the inneralveolar cavity. the secretory cells are separated from each other and from the basal membrane by the strands of the epithelial cells p. three types of spherical inclusions were found in the s ...	1979	514626
[seasonal changes in the level of fertility of female ixodes ricinus l. and ixodes persulcatus p. sch. until they land on their hosts and the significance of this phenomenon in the life of tick populations].		1979	537588
[tick-borne encephalitis in europe (author's transl)].	tick-borne encephalitis is the major european arbovirosis. it is observed in soviet union, central and western europe and scandinavian countries. in france, natural foci have been detected in alsace (more specialy in illkirch forest, near strasbourg). in the united kingdom exists a sheep encephalomyelitis (loupingill) caused by an arbovirus not much different from the tick-born encephalitis virus. the tick-born encephalitis virus is a flavivirus transmitted by tick bites. tick is also a virus re ...	1980	6255281
[attempt to establish the population and ecological characteristics of ixodes persulcatus (ixodidae) by the change in the physiological age of the ticks in the course of a season of activity].	certain peculiarities of the senescence of ixodes persulcatus population were established according to the changes in the age composition of hungry adult ticks belonging to different groups. it was found that the expenditure of reserve nutrients is irregular, this irregularity being greater in males than in females. early in season younger ticks become active while in the second half of the season--older ones. maximum life span of females in fir forests of western sajans is 70 to 80 days, that o ...	1980	7375135
[completeness of the count of ixodes persulcatus depending on their capture frequency rate in registration areas (ixodidae)].		1980	7383703
[body sizes of the taiga tick in different parts of its geographic range (ixodidae)].	912 hungry females of ixodes persulcatus from 19 sites of their distribution area (from estonia to the kuril islands) were measured. the length of the body and that of the dorsal shield reach their maximum in the primorje and in the south of khabarovsk territories. northwards and westwards and on the islands of the pacific ticks are smaller.	1980	7422347
[changes in the physiological age and abundance of ixodes persulcatus ticks during their activity season (ixodidae)].	analysis of the regularity of seasonal changes in physiological age of adult ticks of i. persulcatus has shown that this regularity is described quite satisfactorily by the asymptotic function, by means of which age can be estimated during season for any time. changes in the age composition of active ticks are associated with the seasonal fluctuations in their abundance. due to this connection fluctuations in the seasonal abundance of active individuals can be foreseen and evaluated retrospectiv ...	1980	7465242
[experimental study of the effect of taiga tick larvae on murine rodents].		1980	6993906
[experimental characteristics of the taiga tick (ixodes persulcatus, schulze 1930) as a vector of the tick-borne encephalitis virus].		1981	7010108
[differences between murine rodent species as food hosts for ixodid tick larvae (ixodidae)].	tests on the feeding of larvae of ixodes persulcatus and i. ricinus on five species of muridae have shown that forest and common voles have congenital protective reactions limiting the number of successfully fed parasites. such congenital resistance is practically absent in common field mice and does not arise during the following parasitism of ixodid larvae. the congenital resistance is absent from steppe lemmings too but protective reactions limiting the number of successfully fed larvae arise ...	1981	7027147
[activation of adult ixodes persulcatus ticks with a varying developmental character in the nymph phase].		1981	7207395
[cultivation of ixodes persulcatus under field conditions].		1981	7254139
[evaluation of the results of a single count of ixodes persulcatus ticks in sample areas and the ecological problems of this species (ixodidae)].		1981	7290739
[distribution and biological characteristics of ixodes persulcatus (ixodidae) ticks in the health resort zone of leningrad].	the occurrence of an isolated population of i. persulcatus in the health resort zone of leningrad is due to a character of vegetation, soils, relief and availability of such food sources as birds, hares and elks. the seasonal dynamics of ticks abundance depends very little on temperature but depends on the amount of precipitations and on the number of days with precipitations; long fluctuations in the ticks abundance are stimulated, in general, by temperature. annual mechanical collections of ti ...	1981	6459559
[absolute count of hungry adult ixodes persulcatus ticks (ixodidae) by the sample area method].	the paper presents results of approbation of the use of experimental areas (100 m2 in size) for characteristics of the populational density of adult hungry ixodes persulcatus. data of a single catch (during the seasonal peak of abundance) of the ticks in these areas are used. the obtained results are suitable for characteristics of the abundance and spread of ticks inside the population. correlations between indices of a relative and absolute estimation are given. it was concluded that the numbe ...	1982	7099707
[abundance levels of populations of the virus carriers and vectors in a focus of tick-borne encephalitis].	in 10 altitude-belt complexes of dzhoysky ridge (west sajans) during the summer period of 14-17 years the abundance of small mammals and imago of the taiga tick and the abundance of engorged larvae and nymphs of i. persulcatus was studied. the obtained results have shown that fluctuations in abundance of mammals and imago of ticks are not, as a rule, beyond the limits of a range of critical levels of abundance, which is defined as ee = 15.15. fluctuations in the abundance of nymphs can cover two ...	1982	7145467
[redescription of ixodiphagus hirtus (hymenoptera, encyrtidae), a parasite of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus in the far east of the ussr].		1982	7155628
[experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of dilor, etafos and 3 ddt analogs as agents for eradicating the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus p. sch].		1982	7177053
[sexual transmission of the tick-borne encephalitis virus in ixodid ticks (ixodidae)].	sexual transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus from infected ixodid males to noninfected females is shown: in ixodes persulcatus in 50% (6 of 12) and in hyalomma anatolicum in 6.2% (1 of 16). the sexual transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus is shown to provide a transmissible transfer of the virus into eggs in ixodid ticks. electron microscope studies of the sexual system of ixodid males infected with the virus have revealed numerous morphologically mature virus particles in lumens ...	1983	6877862
[duration of the active life of ixodes persulcatus imagoes of different generations and the seasonal changes in their population makeup].		1983	6888329
[development of the ixodes ticks (ixodidae) in the reclaimed parts of forest in the novgorod region].	data of observations on the development of ixodes persulcatus, i. ricinus and dermocentor pictus in drained parts of small-leaved and coniferous forests with different types of soils are given. it has been established that microclimatic changes take place in sites of ticks development. the draining favours the improvement of ecological conditions of the development of ticks. in drained parts of the forest the survival of preimaginal phases is higher than that in undrained ones.	1983	6221226
[relation between the population count of taiga ticks (ixodes persulcatus p. sch.) and their virophoricity in the tick-borne encephalitis foci of novgorod province].		1984	6232448
[sites of sucking attachment of the taiga tick (ixodes persulcatus, ixodidae) in children and adults].	in children and adults ixodes persulcatus adheres mostly often to axillary space, neck, anterior surface of the trunk and comparatively seldom to extremities in distal direction. rather often in children the tick adheres to the head; with age the strength of adhering to the axillary space increases. the topography of adherings of i. persulcatus is closely associated with the character of activities and clothes of the population, ecological characters of the tick, size, anatomical, hystological a ...	1984	6238270
[dependence of larval and nymphal feeding of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus p. sch. on the number of small mammals in the forests of the western sayan].		1984	6482836
seasonal activity of adult ticks ixodes persulcatus p. sch. in the eastern part of the russian plain.	in the tbe focal region in the eastern part of the russian plain the beginning of the adult i. persulcatus activity is usually registered in the last ten days of april, when the upper soil layers get warmed thoroughly up to +5 or 10 degrees c. the period of activity is dissimilar in different years, varying between 65 and 95 days. the duration of the activity period is associated with the tick number and weather of the season. the most favourable years for the activity of adult i. persulcatus ar ...	1984	6541178
tick bite: two cases studied by scanning electron microscopy.	the attachment of ticks to human skin has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. intact specimens of ixodes ovatus and ixodes persulcatus were examined, and we also studied the skin of two patients who had been bitten by these two species. in the first case, the remains of the tick were visible and a homogeneous cement-like substance was observed on the dorsal hypostome and in the dermis, suggesting that the tick attaches itself to the host skin by a secretion. in the second case, the api ...	1984	6696839
biological properties of strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus isolated in the natural foci of the eastern part of the russian plain.	strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus isolated in the natural foci of infection in the eastern part of the russian plain (the kirov region) were examined for their biological properties. the strains examined were 69 strains isolated from ticks ixodes persulcatus, 62 strains obtained from patients with the clinically manifest form of tick-borne encephalitis and 56 strains isolated from the blood of patients with the inapparent form of infection. comparative studies on laboratory animals (albin ...	1984	6715874
consistent patterns in the contact of domestic animals with tick-borne encephalitis virus in the eastern part of the russian plain.	hemagglutination inhibition test (hit), neutralization test (nt) and complement fixation test (cft) were used to serologically examine goats and cows in the southern area of the kirov region and in the udmurt assr. a total of 1641 sera of goats and 1414 sera of cows were examined for the presence on antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus. the tests showed a relatively intensive contact of goats and cows with tbe virus in the forests of the eastern part of the russian plain: hit was pos ...	1984	6715878
[viral titers in ixodes persulcatus ticks from various parts of a tick-borne encephalitis infected area].		1984	6717384
[tick-borne encephalitis viral titers of engorged adult ixodes persulcatus ticks].	the results of titration of adult virus infected ticks of ixodes persulcatus are given. the ticks were collected in various natural nidi of tick-borne encephalitis and individually fed on laboratory animals. the results of titration of ticks of the same species primarily infected on laboratory animals during virusemia are given as well. changes of the virus titer in engorged ticks were observed till the egg production. a role of the presence of virus in engorged ticks for the process of the agen ...	1984	6728510
comparison of the effects of altozar and ddt on females of ixodes persulcatus sch. during and after feeding.	ixodes persulcatus females were treated with altozar and ddt at one of six consecutive time-points during the period beginning with attachment and ending with the commencement of oviposition. the moment of tick attachment (point 1) appeared to be the most sensitive time for the action of altozar; a delay of detachment of some of the engorged females was observed, as well as a decrease in their mean weight and the non-detachment of a considerable number of the females over a long period. similar ...	1985	3870958
[effect of forest fires on the population count and spatial structure of the taiga tick (ixodidae)].	results of two large-scale surveys of ixodes persulcatus distribution were compared. surveys were conducted in a south taiga forest area in the khabarovsk region two and ten years after a great fire. the direct inhibiting effect of the fire on the population of i. persulcatus was not continuous though apparent. by the moment of pyrogenic small forests formation on slash fires, i.e. during the period not exceeding 2-3 complete developmental cycles of i. persulcatus, the abundance and spatial stru ...	1985	4047717
[ultrastructural characteristics of the salivary glands of of the tick ixodes persulcatus. ii. type iii alveoli of the sucking female].	electron microscope observations were conducted to study changes in the cellular structure of iiid type alveoli of feeding females of i. persulcatus. within the first 1-2 days of feeding granulosecreting glandular cells "d" and "e" get free of secretory inclusions. after that cells "d" degenerate completely and cells "e" undergo morphological transformations and start to fulfil osmoregulatory functions. from the third day of feeding cytoplasm of cells "e" and basal intersticial cells form a comp ...	1985	4069743
[characteristics of the distribution of ixodes persulcatus in the forest-park area of novosibirsk].	only one species of ixodid ticks ixodes persulcatus occurs in the forest-park zone. conditions of foliage forests with high grass, where occur hosts of all developmental phases of ticks (elks, hares, rodents, insectivores), are most favourable for i. persulcatus. preimaginal phases of i. persulcatus feed, in general, on dominant species (common shrew, redbacked and narrow-skulled voles, field mouse and northern birch mouse).	1985	4069744
a description with scanning electron microscopy on the tick ixodes persulcatus (schulze, 1930) male and female specimens.	the surface fine structures of ixodes persulcatus (schulze, 1930) male and female specimens were observed by means of a scanning electron microscope. a brief review on the biology of the ticks and their disease relationships was also presented. the sexual dimorphism of the specimen was marked; the male was quite smaller than the female. the genital groove was well developed and deep, the anal groove was distinct and characteristically extending anteriorly around the anus. the 4th article was muc ...	1985	12888675
[sexual dimorphism of the larvae and nymphs of the taiga tick--ixodes persulcatus].	manifestations of sexual dimorphism at the preimaginal phase was studied on the laboratory culture of ixodes persulcatus. it has been found out that larger engorged larvae produce, in general, larger nymphs and smaller larvae produce smaller nymphs. the classification of engorged nymphs into large (over 2.9 mm) and small ones (less than 2.9 mm) has made it possible (with 100% probability) to obtain females from the former and males from the latter. differences in linear sizes of scutum, gnathoso ...	1986	3785969
a contribution to the methods of estimating absolute tick numbers.	the method of estimating tick numbers in nature by means of experimental sites and by subsequent determination and comparison of classes of occurrence frequency, originally developed for estimation of the numbers of adult ixodes persulcatus in the far east and udmurtia, was successfully applied to imagoes and nymphs of ixodes ricinus occurring in typical central european biotopes.	1986	3804087
[the tick ixodes persulcatus schulze--a new vector of borrelia burgdorferi].		1987	3446473
[incidence of copulating pairs of the taiga tick (ixodes persulcatus sch., ixodidae) in nature].		1987	3626989
lyme disease in japan and its possible incriminated tick vector, ixodes persulcatus.		1987	3655407
[repellent action of mannich bases on ixodes persulcatus ticks].		1987	3683298
[the mountain hare--host of the taiga tick in cisbaikal].		1987	2960879
[the meadow tick dermacentor reticulatus in natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis in udmurtia].	in southern udmurtia, where occur both dermacentor reticulatus and ixodes persulcatus, in the years of high abundance of small mammals feeding periods of larvae and nymphs of these ticks coincide completely. the duration of simultaneous parasitism of preimago of the above ixodid species on animals is of epidemiological significance as far as within this period the infection of young stages of d. reticulatus with the virus of tick-borne encephalitis occurs. this is confirmed by the isolation of i ...	1987	2963991
[identification of borrelia isolated in the ussr from ixodes persulcatus schulze ticks].	the data on the identification of 7 spirochetal isolates from ixodes persulcatus ticks collected in leningrad province and the khabarovsk territory are presented. these isolates, studied with the use of monoclonal antibodies, have been shown to belong to borrelia burgdorferi.	1988	3072807
[repeated catching of taiga ticks on their permanent routes].	to determine seasonal dynamics of abundance of ixodes persulcatus p. sch. by standard methods the ticks collected on flag were marked with a nonrepeated group mark and returned into the registration route. as a result it was established that during the season of ticks' activity in the biotope of shrub meadows 26%, in the biotope of overgrown and trashed glades 14.4% and in the biotope of young aspen forest 13.8% of marked ticks were repeatedly found. of all considered factors affecting repeated ...	1988	3174181
clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of lyme disease in hailin county, heilongjiang province, china.	clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of lyme disease in hailin county, heilongjiang province, china have been reported. the clinical picture of erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) is variable. ecm in the form of annular erythematous patch is uncommon. it is an extensive and indurated lesion. in some instances, a vesicle or necrosis appears in the center of the lesion. secondary erythema may present in some patients. the neurologic abnormalities consist of meningitis, facial p ...	1988	3190101
[intrapopulation differences in the infectivity of adult ixodes persulcatus p. sch. with the tick-borne encephalitis virus and an assessment of its total content in ticks].	at the present stage of investigations on the role of vectors in foci of tick-borne encephalitis and of other transmissible infections it is necessary not only to operate with extensive indices of arthropod infection rate but also to take into account the degree of their infection. it has been demonstrated that adult empty ixodes persulcatus ticks at the time of activation differ significantly by the degree of their infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus. in the khabarovsk territory, annua ...	1988	3195144
[transmission of borrelia burgdorferi from nymphs to imago in the tick ixodes persulcatus schulze].		1988	3229314
[role of the food hosts of adult ixodes persulcatus p. sch. ticks in circulating the tick-borne encephalitis virus].		1988	3367862
[behavioral characteristics of ixodes persulcatus p. sch. ticks infected with the tick-borne encephalitis virus].		1988	3412245
[evaluation of the results of a one-time count of the nymphs of the taiga tick (ixodes persulcatus p. sch.) on platforms].		1988	3412246
[a trial using taiga tick larvae (ixodes persulcatus) for detecting the acaricidal properties of pesticides].	the authors have developed a method for the detection and estimation of the pesticide acaricide characteristics, consisting in contact of i. persulcatus hungry preimago and imago with the pesticide in envelopes made of impregnated filter paper.	1989	2483449
[the action of carbon dioxide gas in high concentrations on ixodid ticks].	the ticks ixodes persulcatus, dermacentor reticulatus, d. marginatus were affected by 50, 70, 80 and 90% co2 at 18 to 26 degrees. the higher the gas concentration and the lower the temperature, the quicker and the deeper was anesthesia. additional tests have shown that response to co2 depends on the water balance level determining the position of atrial valves. the response of some individuals to co2 can change depending on the tick state during the experiment.	1989	2501750
[ethology of the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus during its spring activity].	10 elementary behavioural acts (eba) were distinguished in the behaviour of the taiga tick during its spring activity. the acts include repeatable and indivisible into more simple forms poses (active and passive waiting poses, resting pose, hiding pose), movements (scanning movement, haller's organ cleaning, contacting movement) and locomotor acts (locomotion to a zone of contact, locomotion to a shelter, locomotion to a source of scent). eba form 3 behavioural programs: entering a zone of conta ...	1989	2524027
[a seroepidemiologic and virological study of the presence of arboviruses in moldavia in 1961-1982].	in romania, st. drăgănescu et al., miszkolczy et al., based on clinical and epidemiological observations, affirmed the possible presence of "tick-borne encephalitis (tbe)". however, critical retrospective evaluation of certain others' papers published through 1958-1971 reveal some uncommon features. by way of example: a very high incidence of cf- and hi-antibodies in acute and chronic cns illnesses as well as in general population; replication in nucleus and maturation in mitochondria of a strai ...	1989	2561524
[investigation of lyme disease in northeast of china].	in 1987-1988, we conducted investigation of lyme disease in northeast of china. the disease was widespread in the forest areas of heilonjiang and jilin provinces where ixodes persulcatus population thrives. the disease occurred at daqing tree farm where 628 people were inquired and examined among them, 37 cases including 23 cases of ecm, 6 cases of neurological abnormalities, 7 cases of arthritis and 1 case of acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans were confirmed being lyme disease. the sera of pat ...	1989	2611866
[a count of the vector portion of a population of the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis connected with the imago of the taiga tick (ixodes persulcatus)].	the paper presents results of individual virological investigation of about 2 thousand of hungry imagoes of ixodes persulcatus sch., collected for the estimation of the absolute number of ticks at test sites. this approach is shown to be suitable for estimating the ratio between the vectors with various virus doses, the number of vectors, and of the vector share in a virus population in natural tick-born encephalitis foci.	1989	2628708
epizootiology of borrelia in ixodes tick vectors and reservoir hosts.	four north american and two european species of ixodes ticks harbor borreliae. three of the north american species--ixodes dammini, ixodes scapularis, and ixodes pacificus--and two old world species--ixodes ricinus and ixodes persulcatus--feed on a wide range of hosts, including humans; the north american ixodes dentatus has a predilection for cottontail rabbits and rarely parasitizes humans. in lyme disease foci in north america where i. dammini is common, borrelia burgdorferi or similar types ...	1989	2682957
[research on arbovirus infections].	the author presents the results of researches done at the "stefan s. nicolau" institute of virology in bucharest on the infections induced by arboviruses. the characteristics of three tick encephalitis virus strains (two strains isolated from ixodes ricinus and ixodes persulcatus ticks and one from a patient with encephalitis symptoms) are given. most of the report is devoted to the results of serological survey conducted in a human population, in several domestic birds and mammals from some dis ...	1989	2699965
[cyclical changes in the number of ixodes persulcatus in udmurtia].	analysis involving autocorrelation functions indicated the presence of cyclic components in the changes in i. persulcatus population as well as in certain climatic parameters. three orders of cycles are distinguished, their mean duration comprising 5.5; 11.1 and 22.2 years. high number peaks of i. persulcatus repeated with a mean period of 22 years in 1938-1942, 1959-1964 and 1983-1986, coinciding with the periods of solar energy decline in odd 11-year cycles. according to the established regula ...	1989	2710048
[tick-borne encephalitis in a northern zone of coniferous and broad-leaved forests of a focal region of the amur river basin].	the geographical variability of the population of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus in the northern part of the zone of combined coniferous and broad-leaved forests was established; this variability was manifested by higher virulence and homogeneity of tbe virus strains, as shown in experiments on white mice receiving the virus extraneurally, in comparison with the southern part of the zone and by higher virus carriership of the ticks ixodes persulcatus. with the epizootic situation remaining ...	1989	2816182
epidemiological and aetiological evidence for transmission of lyme disease by adult ixodes persulcatus in an endemic area in china.	involvement of adult ixodes persulcatus ticks in the transmission of lyme disease in hailin county, heilongjiang province, china, is reported. in 1986 from april through august adult i. persulcatus was the dominant tick in this endemic area with an infection rate of 43% for the lyme disease spirochaete, borrelia burgdorferi. the incidence of lyme disease cases presenting the symptom of erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) within this area was correlated with the seasonal abundance of adult i. persul ...	1990	2083990
[the isolation of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains and the determination of the scope of immune stratification among the population and the domestic animals on the northern russian plain].	between 1986 and 1987 the authors conducted virological survey of 689 ixodes persulcatus and 420 mouse-like and insectivorous rodents at the territory of arkhangelsk province and the republic of komi. a total of 8 strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus were isolated. out of them 3 strains were isolated from small mammalians (2 from clethrionomys glareolus, 1 from microtus oeconomus) at the southeastern areas of arkhangelsk province within the middle taiga subarea, 5 strains were isolated from ...	1990	2145500
[the lysozyme of ixodes persulcatus ticks].	using a technique based on specific enzyme sorption by chitin (beta-1-4-n-acetylglucosamine), lysozyme with a molecular mass of 15,000 has been isolated from homogenates of the ix. persulcatus ticks. micrococci and staphylococci proved to be most sensitive to lysozyme from the ix. persulcatus ticks, while e. coli and salmonella were less sensitive. the minimum inhibitory concentration of lysozyme from ix. persulcatus was 2-4 times lower than that of egg lysozyme. lysozyme from the ix. persulcatu ...	1990	2215366
[factors that determine the possibility of tick-borne encephalitis infection. 3. the probability of human contact with an infected vector in the central taiga forests of khabarovsk territory].	contacts with ixodes persulcatus sch. and the carriers' infestation with encephalitis virus have been studied for many years in middle taiga forests of the khabarovsk territory. the results of the studies have been compared. the risk of contacts with ticks invaded with varying virus doses has been assessed. it has been established that clinical forms of the disease develop upon bites of highly infected ticks. the number of such ticks in the natural focus is an important index of its potential da ...	1990	2215376
[the infectiousness of ixodes persulcatus ticks with the causative agents of lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis simultaneously].	by means of individual bacteriological and virological investigations of adult ixodes persulcatus ticks and comparison of obtained results there has been established their simultaneous spontaneous infection with agents of lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis. a possible frequency of such mixed infection in these vectors is being discussed.	1990	2367143
antigenic properties of borrelia burgdorferi isolated from ixodes ovatus and ixodes persulcatus in hokkaido, japan.	spirochete strains hp3 and ho14, isolated from ixodes persulcatus and i. ovatus in hokkaido in 1989, were the first isolates of borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease, to be recognized in japan. antigenic properties of the japanese strains were compared with those of the strains isolated in the united states (b31 and 297) and europe (irs, p/gau, p/bi, 2/b45, and 3/b56) by western blotting (immunoblotting), by using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against strains b31 and p/bi. t ...	1991	1761676
[the optimization of a method for assessing the contagiosity and the degree of individual infectiousness of ticks with borrelia].	the results of dark-ground microscopy of 478 positive preparations from ixodes persulcatus sch. and i. ricinus l., gathered in the active natural foci of lyme's disease in leningrad province, have been analysed. the preparation was prepared by cutting ticks placed into a drop of physiologic saline, with needles. it has been demonstrated that if all the standard conditions are fulfilled (magnification 600, drop volume 0.02 ml, covering glasses, 18 x 18 mm) it is practically impossible to overlook ...	1991	1770879
[the modification of a medium for culturing and isolating the causative agent of lyme disease].	possible use of three types of media (prepared on the basis of 199, rpmi and mem, the rest of receipt being recommended for bsk-ii) for cultivation of the agent of lyme's disease is reviewed. the most satisfactory borrelia burgdorferi growth has been noted on the medium with base 199. using the same medium 5 spirochaete isolates have been obtained from 10 passages of the material from 41 ticks, ixodes persulcatus sch. and i. ricinus l. the results seem promising for further studies on the elabor ...	1991	1770889
host associations and seasonal abundance of immature ixodes persulcatus (acari: ixodidae) in a lyme-disease-endemic area in china.	ticks of nine small mammal species were studied in an area of endemic lyme disease in hailin county, heilongjiang province, from 1 may to 10 october 1986. the bulk (93%) total small mammal captures were apodemus speciosus (45%), clethrionomys rufocanus (31%), a. agrarius (11%) and eutamias sibiricus; (5%): these host species accounted for 97% of the 162 ticks collected. ixodes persulcatus schulze were most abundant on e. sibiricus (0.64 larvae and 0.08 nymphs/squirrel), and less abundant on a. a ...	1991	1773682
[the correlation variability of the morphometric traits in 4 species of ixodid tick species (ixodidae)].	correlation analysis of 10 characters was run in three species of dermacentor, d. nuttalli, d. ushakovae, d. niveus, and in ixodes persulcatus, separately for each phase and sex. correlation coefficients are very low in larvae of all species. in male nymphs correlation coefficients are on the same level in all species while the correlation coefficient level in female nymphs reflects the degree of independence of the development of characters. this defines the degree of manifestation of sexual di ...	1991	1792099
[the results of laboratory and field trials of the action of ektomin on the taiga tick].	laboratory and field trials of 60% concentrated ectomin emulsion have been conducted. laboratory experiments on the contact of hungry female individuals of ixodes persulcatus (acarina, ixodidae) with pesticide in the envelopes made of impregnated filter paper have established high imago sensitivity to the preparation--ld50 after a 4-hour contact was 1.10(-6) micrograms/cm2. in field experiments ectomin ensured a 100% effect of hungry ixodes persulcatus elimination 1-2 days later, with the prepar ...	1991	1795676
[the morphogenic diapause of the taiga tick and the methods for its quantitative assessment in a field experiment].	methods of quantitative estimation of critical photoperiod and critical date of entering the diapause in ixodids have been worked out. s-shaped dependence of the number of diapausing larvae and nymphs of ixodes persulcatus on their feeding periods has been shown. it has been established that in central udmurtia the average critical date of entering the diapause in 50% of satiated larvae and nymphs falls at the 18th and 29th of june, respectively, with the light day length of 17 hr 10 min and 16 ...	1991	1839697
[geographic distribution of lyme disease in mudanjiang].	four forestry plant in mudanjiang with different geographic characteristics were investigated in 1989. 2178 people were inquired and examined. 74 cases including 54 of ecm, 12 of nervous system disorder and 8 of arthritis were confirmed as lyme disease. there were some patients at other places of forest areas of mudanjiang. the prevalence rate of lyme disease ranged from 1% to 4.5% at four plants with higher rate in mountainous area than in hilly land. it is first report that one strain of lyme ...	1991	1863948
[isolation and characteristics of borrelia burgdorferi from ixodes persulcatus].	we reported the detailed characteristics of lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi), strain h7, isolated from ixodes persulcatus in heilongjiang. cells of strain h7 were 9.8--26.5 microns long and 0.13--0.35 microns wide. there were 1--11 waves with a wavelength of 1.2--3.0 microns and an amplitude of 0.59--1.13 microns. direction of spires was left. seven flagella were inserted subterminally at each end of the cell and ends were pointed. 31 degrees c was the optimum cultural temperature ...	1991	1866942
detection of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi in patients with uveitis.	we determined the antibody response against borrelia burgdorferi strains isolated from japanese ixodes ovatus and ixodes persulcatus ticks by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay of serum specimens from 127 patients with uveitis. we examined samples of serum from japanese patients with unclassified uveitis, iridocyclitis caused by herpes zoster virus, behçet's disease, vogt-koyanagi-harada syndrome, sarcoidosis, or other conditions (sympathetic ophthalmia, posn ...	1991	1882917
investigation of lyme disease in xinjiang.	from april through july 1988, an epidemiological investigation on lyme disease was carried out in nalati xanyuan, xinjiang uygur autonomous region, china. of 150 ixodes persulcatus ticks examined by darkfield microscopy, 42 (28%) were found to have spirochetes. two strains of spirochetes were isolated from i. persulcatus with bsk medium. rabbits inoculated with the spirochetes showed erythema chronicum migrans at the sites of inoculation and the spirochetes were found in the cerebrospinal fluid ...	1991	2065539
[natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis on the southwestern coast of sakhalin].	nucleic acids of ixodes persulcatus were studied by molecular hybridization in the natural focus of tick-borne encephalitis in kholmsk district of sakhalin province. the studies have shown wide dissemination of viral rna in the focus. the infectivity of ticks in various sites of habitation varied from 3.5 to 18.5%, their number fluctuating from 0.4 to 300 and more imago per flag-hour. the most active part of the natural focus has been determined using zoological-viral indexes. the viral strain o ...	1991	2067497
characterization of borrelia burgdorferi isolated from ixodes persulcatus and ixodes ovatus ticks in japan.	the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi was detected in the adult stage of the ixodid ticks ixodes persulcatus and i. ovatus collected in various localities in japan. the total prevalence values were 16.6% of 777 i. persulcatus and 23.6% of 687 i. ovatus. sixty-two (63.9%) of 97 isolates from i. persulcatus contained the 30-34-kd heterogeneous outer surface protein a (ospa) that reacted with monoclonal antibody h5332. in contrast, all 128 isolates from i. ovatus were homogeneous with re ...	1992	1279996
comparison of borrelia burgdorferi isolated from humans and ixodid ticks in hokkaido, japan.	four spirochetal isolates (jem1 to jem4) were obtained from cutaneous lesions of patients manifesting erythema chronicum migrans in hokkaido, japan. in the protein profiles by sds-page and the reactivities with monoclonal antibodies (h5332 and h9724) by immunoblotting, all the human isolates were identical with the tick isolates from ixodes persulcatus. these data indicate that i. persulcatus is an important vector of lyme disease for humans in japan.	1992	1283437
interpretation of a model for a ddt-treated population of ixodes persulcatus. i. susceptibility of ixodes persulcatus p. sch. (acarina, ixodidae) to ddt in different developmental stages and physiological states.		1992	1295400
interpretation of a model for a ddt-treated population of ixodes persulcatus. ii. factors contributing to effectiveness of acaricide application.		1992	1295401
[the attraction of taiga ticks by the smell of the host's fur in nature].	in the "zhigulevsky" preserve, 46 coarse calico napkins impregnated with 1 ml of an attractant, were placed alternatively as controls and experimental along the road with the interval of 5 meters. the attractant was a methanol wash-off of the hair of a mongrel dog. during 8 hour exposure the experimental napkins were attacked by 20% males and 12.5% females of active ticks living by the road (after the third experiment a complete catch of ticks was carried out). the tick distribution indirectly i ...	1992	1299766
[differences in the distant transmission of the tick-borne encephalitis virus by ixodid ticks of 2 subfamilies].	simultaneous but separate feeding of ticks on nonviremic animal (guinea pig) has shown that amblyomminae ticks are practically unable to transmit distantly tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) to the specimens of their own subfamily and to ixodinae as well. ixodes persulcatus and i. ricinus displayed their ability as donors and recipients of tbev (adults and nymphs) not only for their own subfamily representatives but also as donors for recipients of amblyomminae subfamily (nymphs and adults of ...	1992	1299805
[survey on tick vectors of lyme disease spirochetes in china].	since 1987 we have been studying on lyme disease in china. there were 71 isolates of borrelia burgdorferi recovered from six species of ticks including ixodes persulcatus, ixodes granulatus, ixodes rangtangensis, haemaphysalis concinna. haemaphysalis bispinosa and haemaphysalis longicornis, and 55 isolates from ixodes persulcatus collected from heilongjiang, jilin, liaoning, nei-monggol, hebei and xinjiang region (province). ixodes persulcarus is the dominant species accounted for more than 80% ...	1992	1300244
[plant smells---important determinants in the behavior and rate of development of ixodid disease vectors].	experiments with nymphs of ixodes persulcatus and dermacentor marginatus have shown that the rate and degree of engorgement, dropping off from the mouse, metamorphosis longevity and weight of emerging imagoes change under plant odour influence. the influence of acetone extract vapours of pepper, poplar buds, linden and aspen was tested. under the influence of the vapour, acting as an attractant for the adults, engorgement weight of their nymphs and the weight of imagoes emerging from them increa ...	1992	1364524
[deoxyoligonucleotide probes that differentiate antigenic and pathogenetic variants of the tick-borne encephalitis virus].	experiments on molecular hybridization were carried out using a panel of 11 deoxyoligonucleotide probes complementary to different parts of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus, strain sophyin, genome. under study were the tbe virus strains differing by 3 criteria: (1) source of isolation (patients with acute and chronic tbe, ixodes persulcatus and d. nuttalli ticks, small mammals); (2) serotype (eastern and siberian aina/1448), (3) virulence for syrian hamsters. rna of all the strains was hybrid ...	1992	1384240
[cyclic changes in the population count of the taiga tick in the stolby preserve].	a harmonic analysis was carried out of ixodes persulcatus density dynamics over 33 years and the analysis of small mammal density and some climatic factors. it was found that the chronological changes of all the three processes contained cyclic components with the period 5.5 and 11; 3-4; 5.5 and 14-16 years, respectively. a long-term prognosis of i. persulcatus density was made based on harmonic synthesis.	1992	1435570
prevalence of lyme borreliosis spirochetes in ixodid ticks of japan, with special reference to a new potential vector, ixodes ovatus (acari: ixodidae).	to determine the vectors of lyme borreliosis in japan, the ixodid ticks taken in hokkaido, fukushima, nagano, ehime, and kochi prefectures were examined individually for spirochetal infections by culturing their midgut tissues in bsk medium. the cultivable spirochetes identified as borrelia burgdorferi were detected in ixodes persulcatus schulze adults (15.5% of 634), nymph (6.7% of 15) and ixodes ovatus neumann adult (9.6% of 188) from hokkaido, i. ovatus adults (25.5% of 47) from fukushima, an ...	1992	1495032
dna analysis of borrelia burgdorferi nch-1, the first northcentral u.s. human lyme disease isolate.	the dna of the first northcentral united states human lyme disease isolate, borrellia burgdorferi nch-1, was characterized and compared with the dnas of nine other b. burgdorferi isolates. strain nch-1 was isolated in august 1989 from a human skin biopsy specimen. dna was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and restriction endonuclease analysis. contour-clamped homogeneous electric field pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of in situ-lysed cells was performed to compare the plasmid profile ...	1992	1551988
probability models of the rate of infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus in ixodes persulcatus ticks.	a total of 3,254 adults of ixodes persulcatus tick were collected in a taiga forest habitat situated in the amgun river basin (khabarovsk region, the far east, ussr) and examined individually for the presence and amount of tick-borne encephalitis virus. the over-all proportion of infected ticks was 6.6% and it varied between 3.4% and 9.4% in the years 1982 to 1985. the amount of virus per tick was approximated by the gamma distribution determining a probability that the number of plaque-forming ...	1992	1644355
host substitution by ixodes persulcatus (acari: ixodidae) larvae in the years of deep depression in the abundance of small mammals.	a phenomenon of host substitution by the taiga tick (ixodes persulcatus) larvae was observed by the authors in the western part of the soviet far east. in the mountain forests where the highest abundance of i. persulcatus was found, larvae usually fed on small mammals (primarily on clethrionomys rufocanus, c. rutilus and apodemus speciosus). numerous larvae were found, however, on the mountain hare (lepus timidus) in the years of deep depression in the abundance of small mammals. the host substi ...	1992	1644364
ability of successful attack in two species of ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) as a manifestation of their aggressiveness.	patterns of attacking hosts by two closely related species of ixodid ticks (ixodes persulcatus and i. ricinus) were compared in parallel field tests. the ability of active unfed adults of both sexes to adhere to a flannel flag dragged over grass vegetation and to remain on the flag during this process were estimated. the tests were conducted under two temperature conditions, 6-10 degrees c and 17-22 degrees c. in all test versions, adults of i. persulcatus were more successful both in adhering t ...	1993	7628239
[the preliminary results of an ecological epidemiological study of lyme disease in western siberia].	studies of ixodes persulcatus ticks in omsk, kurgan, and novosibirsk regions revealed natural foci of lyme's disease. vector infection rate varied from 21 to 23.5% in the omsk region, from 30 to 52.9% in the kurgan region, and from 15 to 58.3% in the novosibirsk region. serologic screening of inpatients hospitalized during the epidemic season of 1991 with suspected tick-borne encephalitis and lyme's disease confirmed the latter condition in 10.8% of the examinees in the omsk and in 10% in the ku ...	1993	7968805
[the significance of the species classification of ixodid ticks and their hosts in the development of antitick immunity].	larvae of ixodes persulcatus and hyalomma asiaticum were feeding permanently on hosts attacking them daily by groups of 5-20 ticks, and also fed by groups of 30-40 and 100 ticks with the interval 20 days. the factor of the host species in the case of 1-st feeding of ticks did not influence significantly on the weight of engorged ticks and also on the percent of larvae, which had finished the feeding and moulted to nymphs. in the cases of 2-nd and 3-rd feedings the significant part of ticks died ...	1993	8152842
[the characteristics of the distribution of the causative agent of lyme disease and of the behavior of infected ticks of the genus ixodes].	it is demonstrated that in the regions, where ixodes persulcatus and i. ricinus are sympatric, the incidence and prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi among the latter tick species is higher. in areas, where the ixodes persulcatus population infected with borrelia were met, the percent of infected i. ricinus was 3-4 times more and the number of detection of borrelia-infected specimens was 9 times higher than in the regions, where i. persulcatus was absent. the hypothesis is proposed, that the tick ...	1993	8152845