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first report of spinose ear tick, otobius megnini (acari, argasidae), in sweden.a dog that had travelled to sweden was inspected by a veterinarian. in one ear canal a tick was found. it was later identified as a spinose ear tick, otobius megnini. in this case report we also review the previously known reports of o. megnini in europe and the recent introduction and spread in turkey.201728573423
life cycle of spinose ear tick, otobius megnini (acari: argasidae) infesting the race horses in nuwara eliya, sri lanka.otobius megnini infests mainly domesticated and wild animals and occasionally humans. it has been identified as an agent of human and horse otoacariasis in sri lanka. the number of nymphal stages in the life cycle of o. megnini varies from one to three in different geographic regions. the present study determined the life cycle of o. megnini infesting the racehorses in nuwara eliya. a tick colony was initiated from fully engorged nymphs collected from horses and maintained at 10°c, 22°c and 28°c ...201727871776
diversity and distribution of tick species (acari: ixodidae) associated with human otoacariasis and socio-ecological risk factors of tick infestations in sri lanka.tick infestation in humans is a major public health concern. the diversity and distribution of tick species associated with human otoacariasis was studied in five districts: anuradhapura, kandy, kurunegala, nuwara eliya and ratnapura in the main agro-climatic zones of sri lanka. ticks from patients attending the ear, nose and throat clinics of the general hospitals were collected during a 3 year period. in total 426 ticks were collected. most human otoacariasis cases were reported from kandy (33 ...201627382981
a survey of ticks (acari: ixodidae) of companion animals in australia.ticks are among the most important vectors of pathogens affecting companion animals, and also cause health problems such as tick paralysis, anaemia, dermatitis, and secondary infections. twenty ixodid species have previously been recorded on dogs, cats, and horses in australia, including rhipicephalus sanguineus, ixodes holocyclus and haemaphysalis longicornis, which transmit tick-borne diseases. a survey of hard ticks (acari: ixodidae) was conducted during 2012-2015 to investigate tick species ...201627160149
growth of ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, in vector and non-vector ixodid tick cell lines.canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by ehrlichia canis, a small gram-negative coccoid bacterium that infects circulating monocytes. the disease is transmitted by the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. and is acknowledged as an important infectious disease of dogs and other members of the family canidae worldwide. e. canis is routinely cultured in vitro in the canine monocyte-macrophage cell line dh82 and in non-vector ixodes scapularis tick cell lines, but not in cells derived from ...201626837859
seasonal dynamics of spinose ear tick otobius megnini associated with horse otoacariasis in sri lanka.otobius megnini is a one host, nidicolous soft tick (family argasidae) whose larvae and nymphs parasitize the external ear canal of many wild and domestic animals and occasionally humans. the present study was conducted to determine the seasonal dynamics of o. megnini infesting stabled horses in nuwara eliya racecourses. ticks were sampled biweekly for two years from may 2013 to may 2015 from the ear canal of seven thoroughbred male horses. weather data: temperature, rainfall and humidity for th ...201627012721
tick-borne infections in human and animal population worldwide.the abundance and activity of ectoparasites and its hosts are affected by various abiotic factors, such as climate and other organisms (predators, pathogens and competitors) presenting thus multiples forms of association (obligate to facultative, permanent to intermittent and superficial to subcutaneous) developed during long co-evolving processes. ticks are ectoparasites widespread globally and its eco epidemiology are closely related to the environmental conditions. they are obligatory hematop ...201527047089
conjunctival attachment of a live paralysis tick, ixodes holocyclus, in a child: a case report.we describe a rare clinical finding of conjunctival tick attachment in a child. a 10-year-old boy presented to the clinic with right-eye itch. he was found to have a live tick firmly attached to his right temporal conjunctiva. the tick was identified as the larval stage of the paralysis tick, ixodes holocyclus. the tick was removed completely by conjunctival excision. although various methods of removing a tick have been described in the literature, the goal of treatment is the safe and complete ...201525969685
insecticide/acaricide resistance in fleas and ticks infesting dogs and cats.this review defines insecticide/acaricide resistance and describes the history, evolution, types, mechanisms, and detection of resistance as it applies to chemicals currently used against fleas and ticks of dogs and cats and summarizes resistance reported to date. we introduce the concept of refugia as it applies to flea and tick resistance and discuss strategies to minimize the impact and inevitable onset of resistance to newer classes of insecticides. our purpose is to provide the veterinary p ...201424393426
laboratory identification of arthropod ectoparasites.the collection, handling, identification, and reporting of ectoparasitic arthropods in clinical and reference diagnostic laboratories are discussed in this review. included are data on ticks, mites, lice, fleas, myiasis-causing flies, and bed bugs. the public health importance of these organisms is briefly discussed. the focus is on the morphological identification and proper handling and reporting of cases involving arthropod ectoparasites, particularly those encountered in the united states. o ...201424396136
the ticks (acari: ixodida: argasidae, ixodidae) of bolivia.the tick species reported in bolivia are reviewed here as (1) endemic or established: ornithodoros echimys, o. guaporensis, o. hasei, o. kohlsi, o. mimon, o. peropteryx, o. rostratus, otobius megnini, amblyomma auricularium, a. cajennense, a. calcaratum, a. coelebs, a. dubitatum, a. humerale, a. incisum, a. longirostre, a. naponense, a. nodosum, a. oblongoguttatum, a. ovale, a. parvitarsum, a. parvum, a. pecarium, a. pseudoconcolor, a. rotundatum, a. scalpturatum, a. tigrinum, a. triste, dermace ...201424406053
efficacy of chemical repellents against otobius megnini (acari: argasidae) and three species of ixodid ticks.otobius megnini (dugès), often referred to as the ear tick or spinose ear tick, is a one-host tick native to the southwestern united states and mexico. infestations of this species can cause severe irritation and may affect breeding behavior in the host. although chemical repellents are commonly used as an alternative approach to conventional arthropod vector control, information on repellency against o. megnini is lacking. this study compared repellency of ammonia, bioud(®), 98.25% deet, garlic ...201424659519
ticks of australia. the species that infest domestic animals and humans.the book australian ticks by f.h.s. roberts (1970) is a land-mark in australian tick biology. but it is time for a new and improved book on the ticks of australia. the present book has identification guides and accounts of the biology and diseases associated with the 16 species of ticks that may feed on domestic animals and humans in australia. these comprise five argasid (soft) ticks: argas persicus (poultry tick), argas robertsi (robert's bird tick), ornithodoros capensis (seabird soft tick), ...201424943801
off-host collection methods of the otobius megnini (acari: argasidae).otobius megnini (dugès), often referred to as the spinose ear tick, is a one-host tick infesting the ear canal of a variety of ungulate species. the objective of this study was to develop sampling methods for collecting free-living stages of o. megnini and to collect preliminary data on habitat distribution. sampling occurred during 2010 and 2011 at fossil rim wildlife center (frwc) near glen rose, tx, where tick presence has been observed in the ears of a variety of ungulates. to sample for non ...201324180103
heteroplasmy in the mitochondrial genomes of human lice and ticks revealed by high throughput sequencing.the typical mitochondrial (mt) genomes of bilateral animals consist of 37 genes on a single circular chromosome. the mt genomes of the human body louse, pediculus humanus, and the human head louse, pediculus capitis, however, are extensively fragmented and contain 20 minichromosomes, with one to three genes on each minichromosome. heteroplasmy, i.e. nucleotide polymorphisms in the mt genome within individuals, has been shown to be significantly higher in the mt cox1 gene of human lice than in hu ...201324058467
detection of rickettsia parkeri from within piura, peru, and the first reported presence of candidatus rickettsia andeanae in the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus.domestic farm animals (n=145) were sampled for the presence of ectoparasites in northwestern peru during march, 2008. ninety domestic animals (62%) were positive for the presence of an ectoparasite(s) and produced a total collection of the following: 728 ticks [amblyomma maculatum, anocentor nitens, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, and otobius megnini], 12 lice (haematopinus suis), and 3 fleas (ctenocephalides felis). a rickettsia genus-specific qpcr assay was perfo ...201323488453
borrelia, rickettsia, and ehrlichia species in bat ticks, france, 2010.argas vespertilionis, an argasid tick associated with bats and bat habitats in europe, africa, and asia has been reported to bite humans; however, studies investigating the presence of vector-borne pathogens in these ticks are lacking. using molecular tools, we tested 5 a. vespertilionis ticks collected in 2010 from the floor of a bat-infested attic in southwestern france that had been converted into bedrooms. rickettsia sp. avbat, a new genotype of spotted fever group rickettsiae, was detected ...201223171714
tick paralysis in australia caused by ixodes holocyclus neumann.ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites of various animals, including humans, and are abundant in temperate and tropical zones around the world. they are the most important vectors for the pathogens causing disease in livestock and second only to mosquitoes as vectors of pathogens causing human disease. ticks are formidable arachnids, capable of not only transmitting the pathogens involved in some infectious diseases but also of inducing allergies and causing toxicoses and paralysis, wit ...201121396246
developmental changes in salivary glands of nymphs and adults of the spinose ear tick otobius megnini.abstract otobius megnini has an autogenous 1 host life cycle, where larvae and nymphs stay attached inside the ear canal for long periods, but the adult tick is free living and can lay several egg batches without feeding. in order to obtain information about anatomical structures involved in this particular life cycle, nymphs and adults of o. megnini were dissected and salivary gland images were obtained in situ with the use of scanning electronic microscopy. measurements of salivary alveoli wer ...201121506856
borrelia, ehrlichia, and rickettsia spp. in ticks removed from persons, texas, usa.data regarding the type, frequency, and distribution of tick-borne pathogens and bacterial agents are not widely available for many tick species that parasitize persons in the southern united states. we therefore analyzed the frequency and identity of pathogens and bacterial agents in ticks removed from humans and subsequently submitted to the texas department of state health services, zoonosis control program, from october 1, 2004, through september 30, 2008. the data showed associations of bac ...201020202419
field and laboratory studies in a neotropical population of the spinose ear tick, otobius megnini.one ear of each of five cows on a property close to dean funes, province of córdoba, argentina, was inspected monthly from december 2004 to november 2006 to determine the presence of otobius megnini (dugès) and to ascertain its seasonality. ticks were collected to study the biological parameters of larvae, nymphs and adult ticks. groups of nymphs were also maintained at three different photoperiods at 25 degrees c. the abundance of immature stages was greatest during january-april and august-oct ...200919067794
comments on controversial tick (acari: ixodida) species names and species described or resurrected from 2003 to 2008.there are numerous discrepancies in recent published lists of the ticks of the world. here we review the controversial names, presenting evidence for or against their validity and excluding some altogether. we also address spelling errors and present a list of 17 species described or resurrected during the years 2003-2008. we consider the following 35 tick species names to be invalid: argas fischeri audouin, 1826, ornithodoros boliviensis kohls and clifford, 1964, ornithodoros steini (schulze, 1 ...200919169832
difficulties to control natural infestation with otobius megnini (acari: argasidae) nymphs in cattle with systemic biocides.a study was carried out to determine the efficacy of topical eprinomectin against nymphal infestation of otobius megnini in cattle, where a group of 14 individuals were treated with a dose of 0.5mg/per kg of body weight applied on the dorsal midline, and a group of 14 individuals remained as control. tick burdens between treated and control groups showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05), and the mortality of the nymphs was similar in both groups (p: 0.828). all females obtained ...200919344924
burden of tick-borne infections on american companion animals.this review examines the biology of ticks and tick-borne infections in the united states. the most common tick-borne diseases in dogs and cats are discussed. we demonstrate that there is much interest in tick-borne infections at the level of the lay public (pet owners), describe trends in the distribution and prevalence of tick-borne infections in the united states, summarize some issues in understanding the degree of ill health due to tick-borne infections, and suggest some avenues for research ...200919945085
host surveys, ixodid tick biology and transmission scenarios as related to the tick-borne pathogen, ehrlichia canis.the ehrlichioses have been subject to increasing interest from veterinary and public health perspectives, but experimental studies of these diseases and their etiologic agents can be challenging. ehrlichia canis, the primary etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, is relatively well characterized and offers unique advantages and opportunities to study interactions between a monocytotropic pathogen and both its vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. historically, advances in tick-borne dise ...200818963493
geographical distribution of ticks in turkey.turkey's tick fauna is composed of about 32 species in two families and ten genera in mammals, reptiles, and birds. the ticks of veterinary significance in the family ixodidae comprise seven genera with 28 different species. ixodes spp. are mostly seen in northern turkey. it is likely that the high rainfall and the intensive forest in this area may contribute to this observation. to date, the following species have been found to be sporadically present: amblyomma variegatum in hatay province (bo ...200717823820
ticks (acari: ixodida: argasidae, ixodidae) infesting humans in northwestern cordoba province, argentina.ticks infesting humans were collected from september 2004 to august 2005 in northwestern córdoba in an area with a southern limit in the locality of dean funes (30 degrees 25's 64 degrees 20'w) and san josé de las salinas (30 degrees 00's 64 degrees 37'w) in the north. the collections consisted in ticks found attached on man obtained from three sources: 1) specimens fixed on two workers during two successive days per month of field work in the northern part of the area which belongs to western c ...200616871909
ticks (acari: ixodoidea: argasidae, ixodidae) of chile.the tick species recorded from chile can be listed under the following headings: (1) endemic or established: argas keiransi estrada-peña, venzal and gonzalez-acuña, a. neghmei kohls and hoogstraal; ornithodoros amblus chamberlin; otobius megnini (dugès); amblyomma parvitarsum neumann; a. tigrinum koch; ixodes auritulus neumann; i. chilensis kohls; i. cornuae arthur, i. sigelos keirans, clifford and corwin; i. stilesi neumann; i. uriae white; rhipicephalus sanguineus koch. (2) probably establishe ...200515777007
parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xliii. ixodid ticks of domestic dogs and cats in the western cape province.ticks were collected at monthly intervals for 16 consecutive months from individual dogs by their owners in or close to the town of stellenbosch, western cape province. they were also collected for 27 consecutive months from dogs presented for a variety of reasons at three veterinary clinics in stellenbosch, and from dogs upon admission to an animal welfare shelter. at one of the veterinary clinics ticks were also collected from cats. dog owners collected six ixodid species from their pets and t ...200314621314
health protocol for translocation of free-ranging elk.when considering an elk (cervus elaphus) restoration program, wildlife managers must evaluate the positive and negative elements of translocation. we prepared this protocol to give an overview of health considerations associated with translocation of elk, with an emphasis on movement of free-ranging elk from western north america to the southeastern usa. we evaluated infectious agents and ectoparasites reported in elk from two perspectives. first, we made a qualitative estimate of the ability of ...200111504216
spinose ear tick, otobius megnini (dugès, 1884) as the cause of an incident of painful otitis externa in humans. 200111811697
tick diversity, abundance and seasonal dynamics in a resource-poor urban environment in the free state province.the objectives of this study were to determine the diversity, seasonal dynamics and abundance of ticks infesting cattle in urban, small-scale farming communities in and around botshabelo and thaba nchu in the eastern free state province, south africa. a total of ten cattle, ear-tagged for individual identification, were investigated monthly at each of five localities. adult ticks were removed from the right hand side of each animal and placed in containers filled with 70% ethanol. they were subs ...199810192844
geographic distribution of ticks (acari: ixodidae) in michigan, with emphasis on ixodes scapularis and borrelia burgdorferi.a 12-yr (1985-1996) passive survey in michigan based upon tick submissions from citizens yielded 4,755 ticks of 21 species, 16 of which were probably indigenous in the state. three species of dermacentor [most common, d. variabilis say and d. albipictus (packard)]; 2 species of amblyomma [most common, a. americanum (l.)]; and 12 species of ixodes (most common, i. cookei packard and i. scapularis say), as well as haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard), rhipicephalus sanguineus latreille, and th ...19989775623
predation of livestock ticks by chickens as a tick-control method in a resource-poor urban environment.the possible use of chickens as predators of livestock ticks was studied. chickens were allowed to scavenge for 3 h among tick-infested cattle in a typical township backyard during the milking period. boophilus decoloratus, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and otobius megnini were recovered from the crops and gizzards at necropsy. the numbers of ticks ingested ranged from 0-128, with an average of 28.81 (+/- 8.42) per chicken. this study has confirmed that chickens are ...19979551478
ticks (acari: ixodida) uncommonly found biting humans in north carolina.collection records are presented that document human-biting by otobius megnini, amblyomma maculatum, haemaphysalis leporispalustris, ixodes cookei, ixodes dentatus, and rhipicephalus sanguineus in north carolina. these species are either extremely rare in north carolina or they are normally considered non-human feeders. the record of otobius megnini represents the first collection of this species in north carolina in over 50 years. it is proposed that immature rhipicephalus sanguineus feed on hu ...19979221733
muscle spasms associated with ear tick (otobius megnini) infestations in five horses.severe muscle cramping not associated with exercise was observed in 5 horses. focal muscle groups in various regions underwent intermittent visible contraction. intermittent prolapse of the third eyelid, sweating, pawing, muscle tremors, and muscle fasciculations also were observed. clinical signs often were misconstrued as signs of colic. percussion of muscle induced contraction of muscle groups. concentrations of serum electrolytes and the acid-base balance were within reference limits, but ac ...19957601699
haemaphysalis juxtakochi, ixodes pararicinus (ixodidae) and otobius megnini (argasidae) in relation to the phytogeography of argentina.the phytogeographical distributions of haemaphysalis juxtakochi, ixodes pararicinus and otobius megnini in argentina are described from material collected mainly from 1978 to the present. h. juxtakochi was found in the northwestern area of the amazonian domain and in the chaco, espinal and pampean provinces of the chaco domain. it was detected on mazama spp., tapirus terrestris, dog, cattle and on the vegetation. most findings of i. pararicinus were from mountain rangeland, where it was found on ...19921290380
tick information sheet. the spinose ear tick. otobius megnini. 19912014618
failure to transmit ehrlichia canis (rickettsiales: ehrlichieae) with otobius megnini (acari: argasidae).an ear tick, otobius megnini (dugès) recovered from a child who had serologic evidence of ehrlichiosis, was examined for ehrlichia species microscopically and by inoculation into a susceptible dog; no evidence of infection was found in the tick. experimental transmission of e. canis by laboratory-reared o. megnini was attempted; neither transstadial nor transovarial transmission occurred.19902231616
otobius megnini (spinous ear tick) in a dog. 198917423246
colonization and laboratory development of otobius megnini (acari: argasidae). 19863745635
ectoparasitic infestation of dogs in bendel state, nigeria.an investigation into ectoparasitic infestation of different breeds of dogs presented to four veterinary clinics in benin, sapele and auchi in bendel state of nigeria during the period january 1983 to december 1983 is presented. of a total of 820 dogs examined for ectoparasites 246 (30.00%) were infected by ticks, 226 (27.56%) by lice, 212 (25.85%) by fleas and 109 (13.29%) by mites. the species of ectoparasites identified and their prevalence rates were rhipicephalus sanguineus (19.5%), otobius ...19853836217
human parasitism by otobius megnini (acari: argasidae) in new mexico, usa. 19846726763
[human otoacariasis caused by otobius megnini in calama, chile]. 19846525220
spinose ear tick, otobius megnini, attached to the conjunctiva of a child's eye. 19827119982
control of psoroptic scabies on calves with ivermectin.eleven hereford or angus-cross calves slightly to severely infested with common scabies mites (psoroptes ovis) were treated with 22,23-dihydroavermectin b1a (ivermectin) at dosages given subcutaneously (sc)--300 micrograms/kg; orally--400 micrograms/kg; or im--50, 100, or 200 micrograms/kg. at 14 days after treatment, live mites were not found on any of the calves treated sc or im, but live mites were found on all of the orally treated calves at 14 days and on 1 of them at 28 days after treatmen ...19826896409
controlled evaluation of ivermectin in shetland ponies.ivermectin was injected im into 12 yearling shetland ponies. the following reactions in percentages of parasites recovered from ponies given 200 microgram/kg or 300 microgram/kg, as compared with the parasitic population in those given the vehicle at 1 week after injection, were as follows: otobius megnini nymphs--no reduction; gasterophilus intestinalis--100% and 99.9%; g nasalis--100% and 99.9%; parascaris equorum adults--100% and 96%; strongylus vulgaris adults--100% and 100%; s edentatus adu ...19817027848
a previously unrecorded feeding site on cattle for the immature stages of the spinose ear tick, otobius megnini (dugès, 1844).during the rainy season in the central valley of cochahbamba, bolivia, the larvae and nymphae of this tick were found feeding under the tails of dairy cattle as well as in their ears. the conditions that apparently favour the temporary infestation of this site on some cows are discussed briefly.1979551188
cytogenetics of ticks (acari: ixodoidea). 15. notes on chromosomes and maturation of otobius megnini and otobius iagophilus. 1977845737
research note. otobius megnini (acarina: argasidae) in the ears of pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) in new mexico. 19705534022
[note on the sensitivity of the tick otobius megnini (dugès, 1883) (argasidae) to different insecticides; use of sevin (r) (1-naphthyl-n-methylcarbamate) in the control of this tick]. 19655889947
control of the spinose ear tick, otobius megnini (duges), with an organic phosphate insecticide combined with a silica aerogel. 196113775351
the ear tick, otobius megnini (dugès), (acarina: argasidae), and its record in british columbia. 195717649009
q fever studies in southern california; occurrence of coxiella burneti in the spinose ear tick, otobius megnini. 194818893251
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