Publications

nature and mode of action of nad and atp dephosphorylating enzyme from aspergillus terreus dsm 826.	nad and atp were dephosphorylated by aspergillus terreus extracts optimally at ph 8 and 40 degrees c. the data obtained indicate that one phosphohydrolase was involved in the cleavage of all the phosphate linkages of these two energy-carrying molecules, and also indicate that this enzyme can be classified as a non-specific alkaline phosphatase. this is based on the following criteria: during fractionation of the enzymes of the extracts, using sephadex g-200 column chromatography, the recorded el ...	2003	14574102
fungal infection of sutureless self-sealing incision for cataract surgery.	to report the clinical picture and outcome of fungal infection of self-sealing wounds in cataract surgery.	2003	14597526
[mycosis in the ear, nose and throat].	recent trends of fungal infections of the ear, nose and throat were introduced from the viewpoint of otolaryngologic practice. aspergillus terreus was the most common pathogen of otomycosis followed by a. niger and a. flavus. lanoconazole showed the most effective antifungal function for these aspergillus species by drug sensitivity test. biological differences between clinical and soil-borne strains of a. terreus were evaluated. the clinical strains showed slower growth-rate on malt extract aga ...	2003	14615794
microbial transformation of terreusinone, an ultraviolet-a (uv-a) protecting dipyrroloquinone, by streptomyces sp.	biotransformation study was conducted on the marine dipyrroloquinone, terreusinone (1) isolated from the marine-derived fungus aspergillus terreus. preparative-scale fermentation of terreusinone with streptomyces sp. has resulted in the isolation of a new oxidized metabolite, terreusinol (2). the structure was elucidated as 2-[(1r)-1-hydroxyisobutyl]-6-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyisobutyl]-1h,5h-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-4,8-dione (2) on the basis of physicochemical evidence. terreusinol (2) showed an ultravi ...	2003	14646333
epidemiology of aspergillus terreus at a university hospital.	invasive fungal infections due to aspergillus species have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. aspergillus terreus, a less common pathogen, appears to be an emerging cause of infection at our institution, the university of alabama hospital in birmingham. we therefore investigated the epidemiology of a. terreus over the past 6 years by using culture data; antifungal susceptibility testing with amphotericin b, voriconazole, and itraconazole; and molecu ...	2003	14662934
disseminated aspergillus terreus infection arising from cutaneous inoculation treated with caspofungin.	a case of disseminated aspergillus terreus infection in a patient with prolonged neutropenia after stem cell transplant for myeloma is reported. the isolate was resistant to amphotericin b in vitro, and the patient was successfully managed with surgical debridement and the recently licensed antifungal agent caspofungin. there are many challenges associated with treating invasive aspergillosis, particularly that due to a. terreus, and the early use of caspofungin should be considered.	2003	14686991
cytotoxic constituents of aspergillus terreus from the rhizosphere of opuntia versicolor of the sonoran desert.	a novel cyclopentenedione, asterredione (1), two new terrecyclic acid a derivatives, (+)-5(6)-dihydro-6-methoxyterrecyclic acid a (2) and (+)-5(6)-dihydro-6-hydroxyterrecyclic acid a (3), and five known compounds, (+)-terrecyclic acid a (4), (-)-quadrone (5), betulinan a (6), asterriquinone d (7), and asterriquinone c-1 (8), were isolated from aspergillus terreus occurring in the rhizosphere of opuntia versicolor, using bioassay-guided fractionation. acid-catalyzed reaction of 2 under mild condi ...	2003	14695798
[biodegradation of herbicide pendimethalin by fungi and its characteristics].	fungi, which can grow on and degrade pendimethalin, were isolated from activated sludge and soil. the biodegradation characterization in vitro was studied. the results showed that pendimethalin could be degraded by fungi, 16 fungi were isolated by enrichment culture, among which, 10 fungi could degrade more than 60% pendimethalin in 5 days in culture fluid. according to the physiological resistance and the capacity to degrade pendimethalin, three fungi were considered as efficiently degrading st ...	2003	14997649
[a case of pulmonary aspergillosis caused by aspergillus terreus].		2003	15004970
role of some fermentation parameters on cyclosporin a production by a new isolate of aspergillus terreus.	a local isolate of aspergillus terreus was selected among different microorganisms as a new cyclosporin a (cy a) producing culture. the formation of cy a was investigated under different fermentation conditions (including selection of the cultivation medium, fermentation time course, inoculum nature, medium volume, agitation rate, ph value). relatively high cy a productivities were maintained when the fermentation process was carried out using a medium composed of (g/l): glucose, 50; bactopepton ...	2003	14747973
detection of aflatoxin-producing molds in korean fermented foods and grains by multiplex pcr.	an assay based on multiplex pcr was applied for the detection of potential aflatoxin-producing molds in korean fermented foods and grains. three genes, avfa, omta, and ver-1, coding for key enzymes in aflatoxin biosynthesis, were used as aflatoxin-detecting target genes in multiplex pcr. dna extracted from aspergillus flavus, aspergillus parasiticus, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, aspergillus terreus, penicillium expansum, and fusarium verticillioides was used as pcr template to test spe ...	2004	15553652
pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene metabolism by an aspergillus terreus strain isolated from a polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons polluted soil.	a strain of aspergillus terreus was isolated from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) polluted soil. the metabolism of pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene by this fungus was investigated in liquid submerged culture added of 50 and 25 ppm respectively of each compound. depletion of pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene was evident during the first stages of growth and was 60% and 27.5% respectively of the added amount after nine days of culture. solvent extracts of the fermentation broth and mycelium were analys ...	2004	15068369
in vitro evaluation of double and triple combinations of antifungal drugs against aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus terreus.	microdilution broth checkerboard techniques based on the national committee for clinical laboratory standards methodology were used to study double and triple antifungal combinations against clinical isolates of aspergillus fumigatus and a. terreus. the influences of the end-point definition (partial or complete inhibition) and the mode of reading (visually or spectrophotometrically) were determined. interactions between antifungal drugs were also evaluated by agar diffusion tests. combinations ...	2004	14982791
lovastatin inhibits its own synthesis in aspergillus terreus.	lovastatin suppresses its own synthesis in the microfungus aspergillus terreus. the inhibitory effect was documented by spiking identical batch cultures with pure lovastatin (0, 50, 100 and 250 mg/l) 24 h after initiation from spores.	2004	14740252
aspergillus terreus peritonitis in a capd patient: report of a case.		2004	15104352
rational elimination of aspergillus terreus sulochrin production.	elimination of undesirable co-metabolites from industrial fermentations is often required due to the toxicities associated with the contaminants and/or due to difficulties in removing the contaminants during downstream processing. sulochrin is a co-metabolite produced during the aspergillus terreus lovastatin fermentation. examination of the sulochrin biosynthetic pathway identifies the emodin anthrone polyketide synthase (pks) at the origin. thus, genetically disrupting the emodin anthrone pks ...	2004	15129726
production of polyclonal antibodies against territrem b and detection of territrem b in the conidia of aspergillus terreus 23-1 by immunoelectron microscopy.	territrem b, a fungal metabolite isolated from aspergillums terreus 23-1, is a tremorgenic mycotoxin. immunoelectron microscopy using anti-territrem b polyclonal antibody was used to detect territrem b in the fungal body of a. terreus 23-1 at different times of culture without shaking on potato dextrose (pd) agar medium. the anti-territrem b serum was produced by immunization of rabbits with 4beta-hydroxymethyl-4beta-demethylterritrem b-sccinate bound by a linker to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. th ...	2004	15161198
receptor assay-guided isolation of anti-gabaergic insecticidal alkaloids from a fungal culture.	the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptor bears sites of action for insecticides. to discover gaba receptor-directed insecticides in natural products, fungal culture extracts were screened for their ability to inhibit specific binding of the radiolabeled noncompetitive antagonist [3h]1-(4-ethynylphenyl)-4-n-propyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane to housefly head membranes. the screening efforts led to the isolation of two alkaloids from aspergillus terreus: pf1198a (alantrypinone) and pf1198b ...	2004	15186111
aristolochene synthase: mechanistic analysis of active site residues by site-directed mutagenesis.	incubation of farnesyl diphosphate (1) with penicillium roqueforti aristolochene synthase yielded (+)-aristolochene (4), accompanied by minor quantities of the proposed intermediate (s)-(-)germacrene a (2) and the side-product (-)-valencene (5) in a 94:4:2 ratio. by contrast, the closely related aristolochene synthase from aspergillus terreus cyclized farnesyl diphosphate only to (+)-aristolochene (4). site-directed mutagenesis of amino acid residues in two highly conserved mg(2+)-binding domain ...	2004	15186158
aspergillus endocarditis presenting as femoral artery embolism.	fungal valvular endocarditis is an unusual cause of endocarditis, yet very important because of its historically poor prognosis. we report two fatal cases of fungal valvular endocarditis following cardiovascular surgery, presenting as femoral artery embolism. aspergillus terreus and a. flavus were the causative agents of endocarditis in the two patients. diagnosis was established very early by culture of the emboli and was confirmed later by isolation of the same aspergillus species from the res ...	2004	15189195
[invasive infection by aspergillus terreus treated successfully with liposomal amphotericin b].	a woman of 75 years old was admitted at our hospital for evaluation of worsening and weakness in inferior limbs. several vertebral fractures by crushing, one doubtful discitis, an infiltrate with cavitation in the right superior lobe and one infiltrate in the left superior lobe were detected. in the biopsy of the consolidation a filamentous fungus was watched and in the bronchial washing specimen culture grew aspergillus terreus. the infiltrates disappeared with liposomal amphotericin b remainin ...	2004	15195481
intracellular expression of vitreoscilla hemoglobin in aspergillus terreus to alleviate the effect of a short break in aeration during culture.	a continuous supply of o(2) is important for itaconic acid production in aspergillus terreus. any interruption of aeration significantly reduces itaconic acid production. to overcome this effect, a. terreus m8 was transformed with the vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene (vgb) which, as shown by southern hybridization, was integrated into the recipient chromosome. the activity of the expressed hemoglobin was confirmed by a co-difference spectrum. during itaconic acid production, the effect of a break in ...	2004	15218381
synthesis and biological evaluation of analogues of butyrolactone i and molecular model of its interaction with cdk2.	a series of analogues of butyrolactone i, a natural product isolated from aspergillus terreus that selectively inhibits the cdk2 and cdk1 kinases and that has been found to exhibit an interesting antiproliferative activity, have been synthesized. its antitumor activity has been tested. molecular models of the complex between butyrolactone i and the cdk2 active site have been built using a combination of conformational search and automated docking techniques. the stability of the resulting comple ...	2004	15227538
4-hydroxykigelin and 6-demethylkigelin, root growth promoters, produced by aspergillus terreus.	root growth promoters, 4-hydroxykigelin (1) and 6-demethylkigelin (2), together with 6-hydroxymellein (3) were isolated from cultures of the fungus aspergillus terreus and their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis. the biological activities of the three dihydroisocoumarins, 1, 2, and 3, have been examined using a bioassay method with lettuce seedlings. furthermore, interactions between the dihydroisocoumarins and indole-3-acetic acid against the root growth have been examined.	2004	15241930
a multicenter, open-label clinical study of micafungin (fk463) in the treatment of deep-seated mycosis in japan.	the efficacy and safety of micafungin (fk463), which is a new lipopeptide antifungal agent of the echinocandin class and is active against both aspergillus and candida species, were investigated in patients with deep-seated mycosis in this study. 70 patients were treated with micafungin 12.5-150 mg/d intravenously for up to 56 d. the overall clinical response rates were 60% (6/10) in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, 67% (6/9) in chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, 55% (12/22) in pulmon ...	2004	15287383
rapid differentiation of aspergillus species from other medically important opportunistic molds and yeasts by pcr-enzyme immunoassay.	we developed a pcr-based assay to differentiate medically important species of aspergillus from one another and from other opportunistic molds and yeasts by employing universal, fungus-specific primers and dna probes in an enzyme immunoassay format (pcr-eia). oligonucleotide probes, directed to the internal transcribed spacer 2 region of ribosomal dna from aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus niger, aspergillus terreus, aspergillus ustus, and aspergillus v ...	2004	15297489
infections due to aspergillus terreus: a multicenter retrospective analysis of 83 cases.	current in vitro and in vivo data indicate that invasive aspergillosis due to aspergillus terreus is resistant to treatment with amphotericin b. because little clinical data are available to guide therapy, we performed a retrospective cohort study of cases of invasive a. terreus infections from 1997-2002 to determine whether the use of voriconazole, compared with use of other antifungal therapies, led to an improved patient outcome. we analyzed a total of 83 cases of proven or probable invasive ...	2004	15307028
in vitro analyses, animal models, and 60 clinical cases of invasive aspergillus terreus infection.		2004	15328076
comparison of the sensititre yeastone colorimetric antifungal panel with a modified nccls m38-a method to determine the activity of voriconazole against clinical isolates of aspergillus spp.	the susceptibilities of 63 isolates of aspergillus spp. to voriconazole were evaluated by a modified nccls m38-a method and the sensititre yeastone method. the overall agreement was 82.5%, ranging from 100% for aspergillus niger and aspergillus terreus to 62.5% for aspergillus flavus. discrepancies between the methods were due to higher sensititre mics. the sensititre yeastone method could have potential value for susceptibility testing of aspergillus spp. to voriconazole.	2004	15365044
aspergillus terreus: an emerging amphotericin b-resistant opportunistic mold in patients with hematologic malignancies.	invasive aspergillosis (ia) has emerged as a common cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. at the university of texas m. d. anderson cancer center (houston, tx), aspergillus terreus is second to a. fumigatus as the most common cause of ia. in the current study, the authors compared the risk factors and outcomes associated with ia caused by a. terreus and ia caused by a. fumigatus.	2004	15378491
serotonin (5-ht) enhances the activity of amphotericin b against aspergillus fumigatus in vitro.	we investigated the in vitro synergistic antifungal potential of combining serotonin (5-ht) and sertraline with amphotericin b and itraconazole against clinical isolates of aspergillus spp. synergy tests were performed using the chequerboard microdilution method. activity was measured against aspergillus fumigatus (n = 7), aspergillus flavus (n = 3) and aspergillus terreus (n = 2), and compared with that for candida albicans and candida parapsilosis. the fractional inhibitory concentration (fic) ...	2004	15380269
antifungal therapy of murine aspergillus terreus infection.	aspergillus terreus is a species which is being seen increasingly frequently and which is highly resistant to amphotericin b in vitro and clinically. we evaluated amphotericin b, caspofungin, and posaconazole in a murine model of acute invasive aspergillosis. caspofungin and posaconazole both appeared beneficial and may be reasonable treatment alternatives for infection with a. terreus.	2004	15388425
fractionation of the naringinase complex from aspergillus terreus by dye affinity chromatography.	affinity chromatography with immobilised triazine dyes was used to separate the main enzymes present in the naringinase complex produced by aspergillus terreus cect 2663. one alpha-l-rhamnosidase and two beta-d-glucosidases (beta g1 and beta g2) were separated by a simple two-step procedure involving chromatography with red he-3b immobilised on sepharose 4b first at ph 5.5 and then at ph 4.7. maximum activity of the beta-d-glucosidases was from ph 4 to 6 and at 65 degrees c. both glucosidases we ...	2004	15483384
production of l-asparaginase by filamentous fungi.	l-asparaginase production was investigated in the filamentous fungi aspergillus tamarii and aspergillus terreus. the fungi were cultivated in medium containing different nitrogen sources. a. terreus showed the highest l-asparaginase (activity) production level (58 u/l) when cultivated in a 2% proline medium. both fungi presented the lowest level of l-asparaginase production in the presence of glutamine and urea as nitrogen sources. these results suggest that l-asparaginase production by of filam ...	2004	15543411
pellet morphology, culture rheology and lovastatin production in cultures of aspergillus terreus.	pellet growth of aspergillus terreus atcc 20542 in submerged batch fermentations in stirred bioreactors was used to examine the effects of agitation (impeller tip speed u(t) of 1.01-2.71 ms(-1)) and aeration regimens (air or an oxygen-enriched mixture containing 80% oxygen and 20% nitrogen by volume) on the fungal pellet morphology, broth rheology and lovastatin production. the agitation speed and aeration methods used did not affect the biomass production profiles, but significantly influenced ...	2004	15652430
[farmer's lung cases of a farmer and his son with high bal fluid beta-d glucan levels].	a farmer and his son, who treated straw in a cowshed, were admitted to our hospital because of severe dyspnea during summer time. their chest x-ray films revealed bilateral reticulonodular shadows in the middle to lower lung fields. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid analyses showed a high proportion of lymphocytes and an increased cd4/8 ratio. they were diagnosed with farmer's lung and treated with pulse therapy with methylprednisolone and tapering of steroid. hypoxemia and interstitial shadow ...	2004	15678910
cardiac aspergillosis with pedunculated mass in the left ventricle.	immunosuppression can allow organisms that are not usually pathogenetic to cause disease; under such circumstances, aspergillus species frequently form large masses of fungal elements. we describe the case of a 12-year-old girl with hematologic remission of leukemia. she had a left ventricular pedunculated mass that was detected by echocardiographic study; at surgery, the presence of aspergillus terreus was confirmed.	2004	15745301
clinical identification of common species of dermatophytes by pcr and pcr-rflp.	to find a fast and efficient way of identifying seven common dermatophytes in clinical practice, we used the techniques of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) targeting topoisomerase ii gene. the dna of 7 dermatophytes, along with candida albicans, aspergillus terreus and aspergillus flavus were amplified by consensus primer dpsd1. they were then subjected to a second pcr with primers dpsd2 and species-specific primers pst and psme separately. ...	2004	15791867
nad deamidation "a new reaction" by an enzyme from aspergillus terreus dsm 826.	nad deamidation is a non-previously recognized reaction. this reaction has been found to be catalyzed by extracts of aspergillus terreus dsm 826. conversion of nad to the biosynthetic intermediate, deamido nad, by these extracts, at the optimum ph and temperature did not exceed about 55 of the amount of the substrate added. completion of the reaction was achieved when the extracts were pre-heated at 50 degrees c for 15 min in absence of the substrate. in a very similar manner, the extracts catal ...	2005	15793621
amphotericin b lipid complex in the management of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients.	the efficacy and renal safety of amphotericin b lipid complex (ablc) were assessed in 398 patients with invasive aspergillosis. the most common underlying conditions were hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (101/398 [25%]), hematologic malignancy (101/398 [25%]), and solid-organ transplantation (109/398 [27%]). the most common reason for administration of ablc was lack of response to prior antifungal therapy. overall, 65% of patients had a favorable clinical response: 44% were cured or impro ...	2005	15809925
efficacy of caspofungin against aspergillus terreus.	we investigated the in vitro and in vivo activities of caspofungin against aspergillus terreus. the drug increased survival and reduced tissue fungal burden in neutropenic mice. therefore, our data support the role of caspofungin in treating systemic infections due to this emerging pathogen.	2005	16304185
analysis of the influence of tween concentration, inoculum size, assay medium, and reading time on susceptibility testing of aspergillus spp.	the influence of several test variables on susceptibility testing of aspergillus spp. was assessed. a collection of 28 clinical isolates was tested against amphotericin b, itraconazole, voriconazole, and terbinafine. inoculum size (10(4) cfu/ml versus 10(5) cfu/ml) and glucose supplementation (0.2% versus 2%) did not have significant effects on antifungal susceptibility testing results and higher inoculum size and glucose concentration did not falsely elevate mics. in addition, antifungal suscep ...	2005	15750092
novel method for cell immobilization and its application for production of organic acid.	the aim was to develop a novel and simple technique for the entrapment of fungal hyphae.	2005	15715641
parallel capillary electrophoresis for the quantitative screening of fermentation broths containing natural products.	directed molecular evolution is a recursive process of controlled genetic diversification and functional screening. the success of this approach is dependent on both the quality of the genetic diversity and the ability to accurately screen a large population of individual genetic variants for those having improved function. in this paper, the application of parallel capillary electrophoresis to rapidly quantitate lovastatin production levels by aspergillus terreus mutants is described. a paralle ...	2005	15721810
occurrence of fructosyl-amino acid oxidase-reactive compounds in fungal cells.	fructosyl-amino acid oxidase (faod)-reactive fraction (fry) was found in commercial yeast extract. fry showed very hydrophilic property and was adsorbed to phenylboronate silica gel, indicating that it contained the amadori compound. tlc and amino acid analyses revealed that glucosone, lysine, and arginine were produced from fry after incubation with faod. tof-ms analysis confirmed that fry is a mixture of fructosyl lysine and fructosyl arginine. these compounds were also detected in mycelial ex ...	2005	15665502
isoterreulactone a, a novel meroterpenoid with anti-acetylcholinesterase activity produced by aspergillus terreus.	a new seven-membered lactone type meroterpenoid, isoterreulactone a, was isolated from the solid state fermentation of aspergillus terreus and its structure was established by various spectral analysis. isoterreulactone a inhibited acetylcholinesterase with an ic(50) value of 2.5 microm while did not inhibit butyrylcholinesterase even at 500 microm.	2005	15603953
total structural assignment and absolute configuration of terreinol by 13c and 1h nmr.	the carbon-carbon connectivity of terreinol, a new metabolite isolated from aspergillus terreus, and its previous (13)c assignments were confirmed by a two-dimensional inadequate experiment using a few milligrams of the compound with natural (13)c abundance. the carbon-carbon correlations were determined by computational analysis (with >99% probability) of this experiment. additionally, the absolute configuration of terreinol was achieved indirectly via its corresponding secondary alcohol by the ...	2005	15625725
assessment of ribosomal large-subunit d1-d2, internal transcribed spacer 1, and internal transcribed spacer 2 regions as targets for molecular identification of medically important aspergillus species.	molecular approaches are now being developed to provide a more rapid and objective identification of fungi compared to traditional phenotypic methods. ribosomal targets, especially the large-subunit rna gene (d1-d2 region) and internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (its1 and its2 regions), have shown particular promise for the molecular identification of some fungi. we therefore conducted an assessment of these regions for the identification of 13 medically important aspergillus species: aspergill ...	2005	15872227
in vitro activities of amphotericin b and voriconazole against aleurioconidia from aspergillus terreus.	this study used aleurioconidia as inoculum and compared the mics of amphotericin b and voriconazole to those obtained for conidia of 31 aspergillus terreus strains. for conidia and aleurioconidia, the mic at which 90% of strains were inhibited was 2.5 microg/ml and 5 microg/ml with amphotericin b and 1 microg/ml and 2 microg/ml with voriconazole.	2005	15917567
aspergillus terreus endophthalmitis.	we report a case of aspergillus terreus endophthalmitis and review the 4 previously reported cases. immunosuppression, intravenous drug use, intraocular surgery or trauma, and a compatible clinical picture should raise suspicion of the diagnosis. this species often exhibits resistance to amphotericin b and outcomes are poor despite current therapies.	2005	16012022
use of fluorescent probes to determine mics of amphotericin b and caspofungin against candida spp. and aspergillus spp.	we investigated the utility of mechanism-based fluorescent probes for determination of mics (fmics) of amphotericin b and caspofungin against candida spp. and aspergillus spp. amphotericin b was selected as a membrane-active antifungal agent, and caspofungin was selected as a cell wall-active agent. fmics were also compared to the mic determined by clsi (formerly nccls) methods. five isolates per species of candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis, aspergillus fumigatus, and aspe ...	2005	16081911
evolutionary relationships among aspergillus terreus isolates and their relatives.	aspergillus terreus is a ubiquitous fungus in our environment. it is an opportunistic human pathogen and economically important as the main producer of lovastatin, a cholesterol lowering drug. our aim was to examine the genetic variability of a. terreus and closely related species using molecular and analytical techniques. lovastatin production was examined by hplc. lovastatin was produced by seven isolates belonging to the species a. terreus. rapd analyses were carried out using 25 different ra ...	2005	16096690
posaconazole: clinical pharmacology and potential for management of fungal infections.	posaconazole is a novel lipophilic antifungal triazole that inhibits cytochrome p450-dependent 14-alpha demethylase in the biosynthetic pathway of ergosterol. inhibition of this enzyme leads to an accumulation of toxic 14-alpha methylsterols and a depletion of ergosterol, resulting in a perturbation of the function of the fungal cell membrane and blockage of cell growth and division. in vitro, posaconazole has potent and broad-spectrum activity against opportunistic, endemic and dermatophytic fu ...	2005	16107193
studies on the application of immobilization technique for the production of cyclosporin a by a local strain of aspergillus terreus.	the formation of cyclosporin a (cy a) by immobilized spores and mycelia of aspergillus terreus was investigated. different carriers were tested as immobilizing carriers, whereby ca-alginate was selected for further experimentation. the role of alginate concentration, biomass weight, ph value of the cultivation medium, repeated utilization of the immobilized fungus as well as the supplementation of different amino acid precursors were studied. best cy a outputs were attained with ca-alginate 3% ( ...	2005	16107751
sesterterpenoids, terretonins a-d, and an alkaloid, asterrelenin, from aspergillus terreus.	four new sesterterpenoids, terretonins a-d (1-4), and a new alkaloid, asterrelenin (5), together with five known compounds, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of a solid-state fermented culture of aspergillus terreus. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. the structures of 1, 2, and 5 were confirmed by x-ray crystallographic analysis.	2005	16124769
non-dermatophytic molds as agents of onychomycosis in izmir, turkey - a prospective study.	the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of causative non-dermatophytic filamentous fungi in onychomycosis. totally 1,222 (1,222 x 3 = 3,666) samples of nail scrapings from 1,146 patients (from 76 patients two specimens: both from finger- and toe-nails) with prediagnosis of onychomycosis sent to the mycology laboratory from the clinic of dermatology, ege university hospital, izmir, turkey, july 2001-december 2003, were prospectively studied with conventional mycological procedur ...	2005	16170607
micafungin in combination with voriconazole in aspergillus species: a pharmacodynamic approach for detection of combined antifungal activity in vitro.	preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that echinocandin-triazole combinations provide enhanced killing versus triazoles alone against some aspergillus isolates, however, in vitro test results designed to detect this combined effect are difficult to interpret.	2005	16188916
epidemiology and outcome of infections due to aspergillus terreus: 10-year single centre experience.	aspergillus terreus, a less common pathogen, appears to be an emerging cause of infection at our institution, the medical university hospital of innsbruck. thus the epidemiology and outcome of a. terreus infections over the past 10 years was assessed. we analysed 67 cases of proven invasive aspergillosis (ia) according to the european organisation for research and treatment of cancer/mycoses study group criteria, investigated antifungal susceptibility of amphotericin b (amb), voriconazole and ca ...	2005	16197450
development of a dna microarray for detection and identification of fungal pathogens involved in invasive mycoses.	invasive fungal infections have emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. conventional identification of pathogenic fungi in clinical microbiology laboratories is time-consuming and, therefore, often imperfect for the early initiation of an adequate antifungal therapy. we developed a diagnostic microarray for the rapid and simultaneous identification of the 12 most common pathogenic candida and aspergillus species. oligonucleotide probes were designed by ...	2005	16207946
the anticancer activity of the fungal metabolite terrecyclic acid a is associated with modulation of multiple cellular stress response pathways.	tumors are dependent on cellular stress responses, in particular the heat shock response, for survival in their hypoxic, acidotic, and nutrient-deprived microenvironments. using cell-based reporter assays, we have identified terrecyclic acid a (tca) from aspergillus terreus, a fungus inhabiting the rhizosphere of opuntia versicolor of the sonoran desert, as a small-molecule inducer of the heat shock response that shows anticancer activity. further characterization suggested that tca also affects ...	2005	16227407
bioremediation of endosulfan using aspergillus terreus and cladosporium oxysporum.		2005	16400595
determination of antifungal drug susceptibilities of aspergillus species by a fluorescence-based microplate assay.	we have investigated the use of a viability dye, chloromethylfluorescein di-acetate (cmfda), for antifungal susceptibility testing in a fluorescence microplate (fm) assay format.	2005	15546970
bioconversion of straw into improved fodder: mycoprotein production and cellulolytic acivity of rice straw decomposing fungi.	sixty two out of the sixty four species of fungal isolates tested could produce both exo-β1,4-gluconase (c1) and endo-β1,4-gluconase (cx) on pure cellulose and rice straw as carbon source in czapek's medium. fifty-eight and fifteen species were able to grow at 25℃ and at 45℃, respectively. eleven species could grow at both 25℃ and 45℃ while, four species appeared only at 45℃. the most cellulolytic species at 25℃ was trichoderma koningii producing 1.164 c1 (mg glucose/1 ml culture filtrate/1 hr) ...	2005	24049480
raw starch degrading amylase production by various fungal cultures grown on cassava waste.	the solid waste of sago industry using cassava was fermented by aspergillus niger, aspergillus terreus and rhizopus stolonifer in solid state fermentation. cassava waste contained 52 per cent starch and 2.9 per cent protein by dry weight. the amylase activity was maintained at a high level and the highest amylase activity was observed on the 8(th) day in r. stolonifer mediated fermentation. r. stolonifer was more efficient than aspergillus niger and aspergillus terreus in bioconverting cassava w ...	2006	24039485
hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) has broad-spectrum fungicidal activity and is efficacious in a mouse model of cryptococcosis.	the alkyl phosphocholine drug miltefosine is structurally similar to natural substrates of the fungal virulence determinant phospholipase b1 (plb1), which is a potential drug target. we determined the mics of miltefosine against key fungal pathogens, correlated antifungal activity with inhibition of the plb1 activities (plb, lysophospholipase [lpl], and lysophospholipase-transacylase [lpta]), and investigated its efficacy in a mouse model of disseminated cryptococcosis. miltefosine inhibited sec ...	2006	16436691
intrinsic in vitro susceptibility of primary clinical isolates of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus terreus, aspergillus nidulans, candida albicans and candida lusitaniae against amphotericin b.	a total of 60 clinical fungal isolates from patients without prior amphotericin b treatment and three control strains were evaluated for their intrinsic susceptibility to amphotericin b (amb) using microdilution, etest and disc diffusion assays, on three media each, roswell park memorial institute (rpmi) 1640, antibiotic medium 3 (am3) and high resolution medium. the fungal strains included isolates of aspergillus fumigatus (n = 10), aspergillus terreus (n = 12), aspergillus nidulans (n = 9), ca ...	2006	16466441
disseminated aspergillosis in two dogs in israel.	aspergillus terreus, normally a soil or plant saprophyte, causes disseminated systemic infection, involving primarily the skeletal and the cardiopulmonary system in humans and dogs.(1, 2) we describe two cases of german shepherd dogs that were referred to koret school of veterinary medicine teaching hospital with a history of anorexia and weakness. case 1 suffered from neurological deficits, paraparesis and lumbar pain whereas case 2 suffered from unilateral uveitis and exophthalmus. both dogs w ...	2006	16466447
effects of the sporulation conditions on the lovastatin production by aspergillus terreus.	the production of biomass and lovastatin by spore-initiated submerged fermentations of aspergillus terreus atcc 20542 was shown to depend on the age of the spores used for inoculation. cultures started from older spores produced significantly higher titers of lovastatin. for example, the lovastatin titer increased by 52% when the spore age at inoculation rose from 9 to 16 days. the lovastatin titer for a spore age of 16 days was 186.5+/-20.1 mg l(-1). the time to sporulation on surface cultures ...	2006	16491374
functional characterization of alcohol oxidases from aspergillus terreus mtcc 6324.	short chain alcohol oxidase (scao), long chain alcohol oxidase (lcao), secondary alcohol oxidase (sao), and aryl alcohol oxidase (aao) activities were localized in the microsome of aspergillus terreus during growth of the fungi on n-hexadecane. zymogram analysis of the microsomes of n-hexadecane-grown cells in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed distinct bands, h4, h3, h2, and h1, in a sequence of their molecular weight (mr) from high to low. the mr of the isozymes corresponding to the ban ...	2006	16547701
antimicrobial, wound healing and antioxidant activity of plagiochasma appendiculatum lehm. et lind.	plagiochasma appendiculatum (aytoniaceae) of the order marchantiales is widely used in the form of paste ethnomedicinally by gaddi tribe in kangra valley for treating skin diseases. in this context, antimicrobical potential of plagiochasma appendiculatum against a wide range of microorganisms was studied. to validate the ethnotherapeutic claims of the plant in skin diseases, wound healing activity was studied, besides antioxidant activity to understand the mechanism of wound healing activity. th ...	2006	16600543
stimulation of alkalothermophilic aspergillus terreus xylanase by low-intensity laser radiation.	in this study, aspergillus terreus was irradiated by a 7.3 mw he-ne laser in the presence of crystal violet, toluidine blue o and hematoporphyrin as photosensitizers. xylanases recovered from non-irradiated and irradiated fungi were purified and characterized. the maximum production of xylanase (42.2 u/ml) was obtained after 5 min of laser irradiation in the absence of the photosensitizer. the irradiation of the sensitized fungus diminished the production of xylanase. on purification using g-100 ...	2006	16810525
exposure to airborne fungi during conservative dental treatment.	the aim of the study was a mycological assessment of bioaerosol forming during conservative dental treatment, taking into account concentration and type of fungal microflora, and evaluation of the influence of duwl disinfecting protocol on the fungal contamination of the bioaerosol. the research was conducted on 25 operative sites located in public dental clinics. the air contained in the space between a patient and a dentist during conservative dental treatment with the use of a high-speed hand ...	2006	16841889
comparison of the eucast-afst broth dilution method with the clsi reference broth dilution method (m38-a) for susceptibility testing of posaconazole and voriconazole against aspergillus spp.	the susceptibilities of 40 clinical isolates of aspergillus spp. (aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus terreus) were determined for posaconazole and voriconazole by the clsi m38-a and eucast-afst broth dilution methods. where a discrepancy was observed between the methods, the eucast method tended to give higher mic values. overall, the level of agreement was 92.5% and the intra-class correlation coefficient was > 0.90.	2006	16882296
cloning, expression, and characterization of a xylanase 10 from aspergillus terreus (bcc129) in pichia pastoris.	a full-length xylanase gene, encoding 326 amino acids belonging to the fungal glycosyl hydrolase family 10, from aspergillus terreus bcc129 was cloned and sequenced. sequence analysis suggested that the first 25 amino acids of this enzyme is the signal peptide. therefore, only the mature xylanase gene of 906 bp was cloned into a yeast expression vector, ppiczalphaa, for heterologous expression in pichia pastoris. a band of approximately, 33 kda was observed on the sds-page gel after one day of m ...	2006	16275128
in-vitro susceptibility testing by agar dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of amphotericin b, fluconazole and ketoconazole against ocular fungal isolates.	to standardize in-vitro antifungal susceptibility testing by agar dilution method to find out the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of amphotericin b, fluconazole and ketoconazole on ocular fungal isolates.	2006	17185846
susceptibility of fungi isolated from the respiratory tract of falcons to amphotericin b, itraconazole and voriconazole.	the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of fungi isolated from the air sacs of falcons before (group 1), and during antifungal treatment with amphotericin b nebulisation and oral itraconazole or voriconazole (group 2), or with itraconazole alone (group 3) or voriconazole alone (group 4) were determined. before treatment, 95 per cent of the isolates, including aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger and aspergillus terreus, were susceptible to voriconazole at mics up to ...	2006	16946311
enzymatic characteristics of ligninperoxidases from penicillium citrinum, fusarium oxysporum and aspergillus terreus using n-propanol as substrate.	the activities of ligninperoxidases from penicillium citrinum mtcc 3565, fusarium oxysporum mtcc 3379 and aspergillus terreus mtcc 3374 have been assayed and the enzymatic characteristics like km, ph and temperature optima using n-propanol as the substrate have been reported. the results suggest that n-propanol can substitute veratryl alcohol as substrate for assaying ligninperoxidase activities from different fungal strains, without affecting the enzymatic characteristics. the above strains wer ...	2006	16955752
antifungal efficacy and pharmacodynamics of posaconazole in experimental models of invasive fungal infections.	posaconazole is a novel lipophilic antifungal triazole with potent and broad-spectrum activity against opportunistic, endemic and dermatophytic fungi. this activity extends to organisms that are often refractory to existing triazoles, amphotericin b or echinocandins such as candida glabrata, candida krusei, aspergillus terreus, fusarium spp. and the zygomycetes. a large number of experimental animal models of invasive fungal infections has demonstrated the potent and broad-spectrum efficacy of p ...	2006	16961576
analysis of subunit interactions in the iterative type i polyketide synthase atx from aspergillus terreus.		2006	17004275
efficacy of caspofungin against aspergillus flavus, aspergillus terreus, and aspergillus nidulans.	the echinocandin caspofungin is a potent inhibitor of the activity of 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase from aspergillus flavus, aspergillus terreus, and aspergillus nidulans. in murine models of disseminated infection, caspofungin prolonged survival and reduced the kidney fungal burden. caspofungin was at least as effective as amphotericin b against these filamentous fungi in vivo.	2006	17015628
early detection of aspergillus terreus in a tenckhoff catheter.		2006	17047247
antifungal interactions within the triple combination of amphotericin b, caspofungin and voriconazole against aspergillus species.	the in vitro effects of caspofungin combined with voriconazole and amphotericin b were tested in triplicate experiments against nine clinical isolates of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus and aspergillus terreus.	2006	17071635
processing of soybean products by semipurified plant and microbial alpha-galactosidases.	galactooligosaccharides (go) are responsible for intestinal disturbances following ingestion of legume-derived products. enzymatic reduction of go level in these products is highly desirable to improve their acceptance. for this purpose, plant and microbial semipurified alpha-galactosidases were used for go hydrolysis in soybean flour and soy molasses. alpha-galactosidases from soybean germinating seeds, aspergillus terreus, and penicillium griseoroseum presented maximal activities at ph 4.0-5.0 ...	2006	17177558
voriconazole in the management of nosocomial invasive fungal infections.	voriconazole is a new triazole developed for the treatment of life-threatening fungal infections. the drug is available for both oral and intravenous administration; the oral formulation has excellent bioavailability. the side-effect profile of voriconazole presents an acceptable safety and tolerability spectrum: transient visual disturbances, liver enzyme abnormalities, and skin rashes are the most frequently reported side effects but rarely lead to discontinuation. the potential for drug-drug ...	2006	18360588
structure-antifungal activity relationship of cinnamic acid derivatives.	a structure-antifungal activity relationship (sar) study of 22 related cinnamic acid derivatives was carried out. attention was focused on the antifungal activities exhibited against aspergillus flavus, aspergillus terreus, and aspergillus niger. (e)-3-(4-methoxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl)acrylic acid (16) exhibited antifungal activity against a. niger, comparable to that of miconazole and a significant antifungal effect against a. flavus and a. terreus as well. a structure-activity relations ...	2007	18038998
caspofungin as primary antifungal prophylaxis in stem cell transplant recipients.	to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of caspofungin as primary prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections in stem cell transplant recipients who are poor candidates for triazole or lipid amphotericin b prophylaxis due to renal or hepatic dysfunction, and to determine whether any patient characteristics are independently associated with an increased risk of breakthrough invasive fungal infection during caspofungin prophylaxis.	2007	18041885
characterization of xylanase from lentinus edodes m290 cultured on waste mushroom logs.	extracellular enzymes from lentinus edodes m290 on normal woods (quercus mongolica) and waste logs from oak mushroom production were comparatively investigated. endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, beta-glucosidase, and xylanase activities were higher on waste mushroom logs than on normal woods after l. edodes m290 inoculation. xylanase activity was especially different, with a three times higher activity on waste mushroom logs. when the waste mushroom logs were used as a carbon source, a new 35 kd ...	2007	18092465
the effect of antifungal agents and human monocytes on in vitro galactomannan release by aspergillus spp. in liquid culture medium.	invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is increasing in incidence in immunosuppressed patients. diagnosis of this infection is problematic, relying on clinical suspicion and computerized tomography of the thorax and sinuses. an assay capable of detecting the fungal cell wall component galactomannan (gm) as a sign of aspergillus infection is in use in patients with hematological malignancies. the aim of this study was to investigate the release of gm during growth of two medically important species, as ...	2007	18184406
development of novel real-time pcr assays for detection and differentiation of eleven medically important aspergillus and candida species in clinical specimens.	in the present study, novel real-time pcr assays targeting the fungal its2 region were developed for the detection and differentiation of medically important aspergillus species (aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus nidulans, aspergillus niger, and aspergillus terreus) and candida species (candida albicans, candida dubliniensis, candida glabrata, candida krusei, candida parapsilosis, and candida tropicalis) using a lightcycler instrument. the combination of a group-specific and ...	2007	17251398
secondary sternal aspergillus osteomyelitis in a diabetic hemodialysis patient with previous allograft rejection.	a 29-year-old diabetic woman who had a previously failed renal allograft on maintenance hemodialysis developed sternal aspergillosis with aspergillus terreus following a pericardiectomy. she was successfully treated with surgical debridement and a combination of antifungal agents including amphotericin b, caspofungin, and voriconizole. the diagnostic difficulties and management are discussed.	2007	17922735
simultaneous biosynthesis of (+)-geodin by a lovastatin-producing fungus aspergillus terreus.	the simultaneous biosynthesis of lovastatin (mevinolinic acid) and (+)-geodin by aspergillus terreus atcc 20542 with regard to the medium composition, i.e. the concentrations of carbon and nitrogen source, was described in this paper. a. terreus is a lovastatin producer but the formation of lovastatin was accompanied by the significant amounts of (+)-geodin, when the elevated concentration of carbon source (lactose) was still present in the medium in the idiophase and nitrogen source (yeast extr ...	2007	17689800
effects of lactose and glucose on production of itaconic acid and lovastatin by aspergillus terreus atcc 20542.	fermentation products of aspergillus terreus atcc 20542 (a parent strain for lovastatin production) were collected, and the coexistence of itaconic acid (ia) with lovastatin was confirmed in this study. using a lactose-based medium (lbm), lovastatin production was 873 mg/l on day 10, but ia production was only 22-28 mg/l during the cultures. when lactose in lbm was simply replaced with glucose, ia production was markedly enhanced by 20-fold (491 mg/l on day 5), which showed a growth-associated p ...	2007	17697977
dna microarray-based detection and identification of fungal pathogens in clinical samples from neutropenic patients.	the increasing incidence of invasive fungal infections (ifi) in immunocompromised patients emphasizes the need to improve diagnostic tools. we established a dna microarray to detect and identify dna from 14 fungal pathogens (aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus terreus, candida albicans, candida dubliniensis, candida glabrata, candida lusitaniae, candida tropicalis, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium solani, mucor racemosus, rhizopus microsporus, scedosporium prolificans, and trichos ...	2007	17715373
changing epidemiology of rare mould infections: implications for therapy.	there has been an increase in rare mould infections in recent decades. these infections have been reported primarily in severely immunocompromised patients. the emergence of these organisms is multifactorial and can be related to more intense immunosuppression, the prolonged survival of patients who have what were previously fatal diseases, and the selective pressure of broad spectrum antifungal agents used for prophylaxis or therapy. among these rare mould infections, the zygomycetes are the mo ...	2007	17722951
the pan-ac assay: a single-reaction real-time pcr test for quantitative detection of a broad range of aspergillus and candida species.	in view of the growing incidence and the high mortality of invasive aspergillosis and candidiasis, adequate diagnostic techniques permitting timely onset of treatment are of paramount importance. more than 90 % of all invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised individuals can be attributed to candida and aspergillus species. to date, standardized techniques permitting rapid, sensitive and, no less importantly, economic screening for the clinically most relevant fungi are lacking. in the pre ...	2007	17761478
effect of caspofungin on metabolite profiles of aspergillus species determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.	invasive aspergillosis remains a potentially life-threatening infection, the incidence of which is increasing. current methods used to determine the susceptibilities of aspergillus strains to antifungal drugs are often unreliable. nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy can identify the metabolic complement of microorganisms while monitoring nutrient utilization from the incubation medium. we used 600-mhz (1)h nmr spectroscopy to monitor the metabolic responses of five aspergillus species ...	2007	17785514
[the role of voriconazole in the treatment of emerging mycoses].	voriconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal drug belonging to triazoles class. recently, it has been recommended for the treatment of invasive candidiasis in non neutropenic patients. in addition, this drug has showed clinical efficacy in the treatment of fungal infections caused by candida species other than candida albicans, and also in several other infections caused by less common fungi, such as aspergillus terreus, fusarium and scedosporium.	2007	17874861
opportunistic aspergillus pathogens measured in home and hospital tap water by quantitative pcr (qpcr).	opportunistic fungal pathogens are a concern because of the increasing number of immunocompromised patients. the goal of this research was to test a simple extraction method and rapid quantitative pcr (qpcr) measurement of the occurrence of potential pathogens, aspergillus fumigatus, a. flavus, a. terreus and a. niger, in home tap water and a hospital water supply. water samples were taken from the kitchen tap in the homes of 60 patients who were diagnosed with legionellosis. water samples were ...	2007	17878557
biodegradation of crude oil and n-alkanes by fungi isolated from oman.	ten fungal species isolated from tar balls collected from the beaches of oman were tested for their abilities to grow and degrade n-alkanes and crude oil. the abilities of aspergillus niger, a. ochraceus and penicillium chrysogenum to degrade n-alkanes (c13-c18), crude oil were compared and their mycelial biomass was measured. significant differences were found in the utilization of c15, c16, c17 and c18 by the three fungi. similarly, significant differences we found in the amount of biomass pro ...	2007	17904586
a 7-dimethylallyltryptophan synthase from aspergillus fumigatus: overproduction, purification and biochemical characterization.	a putative prenyltransferase gene, afu3g12930, was identified in the genome sequence of aspergillus fumigatus. eal92290, encoded by afu3g12930, consists of 472 aa, with a molecular mass of about 53 kda. the coding sequence of afu3g12930 was cloned in pqe60, and overexpressed in escherichia coli. the soluble his(6)-fusion protein was purified to apparent homogeneity, and characterized biochemically. the enzyme was found to catalyse the prenylation of trp at the c-7 position of the indole moiety, ...	2007	17906140