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(+)-methyl jasmonate-induced bioformation of myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol in red raspberries.the effect of postharvest treatment with enantiomers of methyl jasmonate (mj) in conjunction with ethanol on bioformation of myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol in red raspberry was studied. for comparison, postharvest treatment with the commercial stereoisomeric mixture of mj in conjunction with ethanol was simultaneously accomplished. the levels obtained were contrasted with those determined in untreated (control) samples. exogenous (+)-mj induced an enhancement in the levels of myricetin, que ...201021043497
influence of postflowering temperature on fruit size and chemical composition of glen ample raspberry (rubus idaeus l.).the effects of postflowering temperature on the fruit chemical composition of glen ample raspberries were studied under controlled environment conditions. the berry weight decreased significantly with increasing temperature (12, 18, and 24 °c) and with progress of the harvest period. because the moisture content increased in parallel with the berry weight, the antioxidant capacity (aoc) and the concentration of a range of bioactive compounds decreased with decreasing temperature and progress of ...201023654237
genetic and environmental effects influencing fruit colour and qtl analysis in raspberry.raspberry (rubus idaeus) fruit colour was assessed in the latham x glen moy mapping population using a colour meter and visual scores over three seasons and three environments. the colour measurements were found to be significantly associated with pigment content, have high heritability, and stable qtl were identified across environments and seasons. anthocyanin content has previously been shown to be the major contributor to fruit colour in red raspberry. major structural genes (f3'h, fls, dfr, ...201020419285
distribution of volatile composition in 'marion' ( rubus species hyb) blackberry pedigree.the distribution of volatile constituents in ancestral genotypes of 'marion' blackberry's pedigree was investigated over two growing seasons. each genotype in the pedigree had a specific volatile composition. red raspberry was dominated by norisoprenoids, lactones, and acids. 'logan' and 'olallie' also had a norisoprenoid dominance but at much lower concentrations. the concentration of norisoprenoids in other blackberry genotypes was significantly lower. terpenes and furanones were predominant i ...201020055446
antioxidant properties and neuroprotective capacity of strawberry tree fruit (arbutus unedo).berries contain significant amounts of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, which are reported to reduce cancer risk, coronary heart disease and other degenerative diseases. these effects are mainly attributed to the antioxidant capacity of polyphenols found in berries. strawberry tree (arbutus unedo) berries are used in folk medicine but seldom eaten as fresh fruits. their phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity reveal a high potential, but they are not well characterized as a "health promo ...201022254017
the effects of commercial preparations of red raspberry leaf on the contractility of the rat's uterus in vitro.we investigated the direct effects of various commercially available preparations of red raspberry leaf (rrl) on the in vitro contractility of uteri collected from diethylstilbestrol (des)-treated nonpregnant (np) and late pregnant rats. in des-treated np rats, rrl tea and capsule caused weak contractions. neither preparation affected the ability of oxytocin to initiate contractions; however, both partially inhibited preexisting oxytocin-driven contractions at the highest concentration tested. r ...201020220111
raspberry ketone increases both lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in 3t3-l1 adipocytes.raspberry ketone (rk) is a natural phenolic compound of the red raspberry. the dietary administration of rk to male mice has been reported to prevent high-fat diet-induced elevation in body weight and to increase lipolysis in white adipocytes. to elucidate a possible mechanism for the antiobesity action of rk, its effects on the expression and the secretion of adiponectin, lipolysis, and fatty acid oxidation in 3t3-l1 were investigated. treatment with 10 µm of rk increased lipolysis significantl ...201020425690
fermentative behavior of saccharomyces strains during microvinification of raspberry juice (rubus idaeus l.).sixteen different strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae and saccharomyces bayanus were evaluated in the production of raspberry fruit wine. raspberry juice sugar concentrations were adjusted to 16° brix with a sucrose solution, and batch fermentations were performed at 22 °c. various kinetic parameters, such as the conversion factors of the substrates into ethanol (y(p/s)), biomass (y(x/s)), glycerol (y(g/s)) and acetic acid (y(ac/s)), the volumetric productivity of ethanol (q(p)), the biomass pro ...201020828848
fresh raspberry phytochemical extract inhibits hepatic lesion in a wistar rat model.abstract:201021108811
effects in rats of maternal exposure to raspberry leaf and its constituents on the activity of cytochrome p450 enzymes in the offspring.the goal of our study was to determine whether maternal exposure to red raspberry leaf (rrl) and its constituents can permanently alter biotransformation of fluorogenic substrates by cytochrome p450 (cyp) in the livers of male and female offspring. nulliparous female rats received vehicle, raspberry leaf, kaempferol, quercetin, or ellagic acid orally once breeding had been confirmed until parturition. hepatic microsomes were prepared from animals at birth (postnatal day 1 [pnd1]), weaning (pnd21 ...201021115944
complete sequence and genetic characterization of raspberry latent virus, a novel member of the family reoviridae.a new virus isolated from red raspberry plants and detected in the main production areas in northern washington state, usa and british columbia, canada was fully sequenced and found to be a novel member of the family reoviridae. the virus was designated as raspberry latent virus (rplv) based on the fact that it is symptomless when present in single infections in several rubus virus indicators and commercial raspberry cultivars. rplv genome is 26,128 nucleotides (nt) divided into 10 dsrna segment ...201021144872
the antihypertensive effect of ethyl acetate extract from red raspberry fruit in hypertensive rats.to evaluate the antihypertensive effect of xinjiang red raspberry fruit ethyl acetate extract (eer) on spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr) and its possible mechanism from antioxidant perspective.201121472074
prophylaxis and therapeutic effects of raspberry (rubus idaeus) on renal stone formation in balb/c mice.purpose: to evaluate the prophylactic potential of herbal decoction from rubus idaeus, a medicinal plant widely used in the middle east to treat kidney stones, by assessing the effect of administration in experimentally induced calcium oxalate (caox) nephrolithiasis in mice. materials and methods: this study was based on administration of glyoxylate and/or herbal treatments simultaneously for 12 days, followed by histological and biochemical tests. group i was used as a negative control. group i ...201121557843
anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenolic-enriched red raspberry extract in an antigen-induced arthritis rat model.the red raspberry ( rubus idaeus ) fruit contains bioactive polyphenols including anthocyanins and ellagitannins with reported anti-inflammatory properties. this study sought to investigate the cartilage-protecting and anti-inflammatory effects of a polyphenolic-enriched red raspberry extract (rre; standardized to total polyphenol, anthocyanin, and ellagitannin contents) using (1) an in vitro bovine nasal explant cell culture model and (2) an in vivo adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model. rre con ...201122111586
the bioactive potential of red raspberry (rubus idaeus l.) leaves in exhibiting cytotoxic and cytoprotective activity on human laryngeal carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma.abstract in this article, the bioactive potential of red raspberry leaves, a by-product of this widely spread plant, mostly valued for its antioxidant-rich fruits, was determined. the polyphenolic profile and antioxidative properties of red raspberry leaf extract were determined and examined for potential biological activity. cytotoxic effect, antioxidative/prooxidative effect, and effect on total glutathione concentration were determined in human laryngeal carcinoma (hep2) and colon adenocarc ...201122082102
diet-consumer nitrogen isotope fractionation for prolonged fasting arthropods.nitrogen acquisition for cellular metabolism during diapause is a primary concern for herbivorous arthropods. analyses of naturally occurring stable isotopes of nitrogen help elucidate the mechanism. relevant articles have cited (58 times up to mid-june 2011) anomalously elevated δ(15)n (per mil deviation of (15)n/(14)n, relative to atmospheric nitrogen=0 ‰) values (diet-consumer nitrogen isotope fractionation; up to 12 ‰) for a prolonged fasting raspberry beetle (byturus tomentosus degeer (cole ...201122166153
ozone influence on native vegetation in the jizerske hory mts. of the czech republic: results based on ozone exposure and ozone-induced visible symptoms.ozone levels in the jizerske hory mts. measured at 13 sites by diffusive samplers during the 2006 and 2007 vegetation seasons are presented. a significant ozone gradient (5.4 ppb in 2006 and 4.0 ppb in 2007) per 100 m difference in altitude between 370 and 1,100 m a.s.l. was recorded. high-resolution maps of phytotoxic potential were developed. the aot40 threshold (5 ppm h) was exceeded over the entire area with the highest levels exceeding this threshold by 12 times in the upper portions of the ...201121374050
impacts of the use of nonnative commercial bumble bees for pollinator supplementation in raspberry.evidence for pollinator declines has led to concern that inadequate pollination services may limit crop yields. the global trade in commercial bumble bee (bombus spp.) colonies provides pollination services for both glasshouse and open-field crops. for example, in the united kingdom, commercial colonies of nonnative subspecies of the bumble bee bombus terrestris l. imported from mainland europe are widely used for the pollination of raspberries, rubus idaeus l. the extent to which these commerci ...201121404847
characterization of raspberry ketone/zingerone synthase, catalyzing the alpha, beta-hydrogenation of phenylbutenones in raspberry fruits.phenylbutanone raspberry ketone, accumulating in the mature fruits of raspberry (rubus idaeus), imparts the characteristic aroma to the fruits. here we describe the isolation and characterization of raspberry ketone/zingerone synthase 1 (rzs1), which catalyzed the nadph-dependent reduction of 4-hydroxybenzalacetone and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzalacetone to raspberry ketone and zingerone (the latter not found in raspberry), respectively. its apparent k(m) values for 4-hydroxybenzalacetone and nadph ...201121802408
towards an understanding of the nature of resistance to phytophthora root rot in red raspberry.a mapping population segregating for root rot resistance was screened under both field and glasshouse conditions over a number of seasons. few correlations between field and glasshouse scores were significant. final root rot scores were significantly negatively correlated with measures of root vigour. two qtl associated with resistance were identified as were overlapping qtl for root vigour assessments. markers significantly associated with the traits were used to identify bac clones, which were ...201121573956
effects of raspberry phytochemical extract on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and serum proteomics in a rat model.the red raspberry extract possesses potent antioxidant capacity and anticancerous activity in vitro and in vivo. the objective of this study was to determine whether red raspberry extract affected the cell cycle, angiogenesis, and apoptosis in hepatic lesion tissues from a rat model induced by diethylnitrosamine (den) as well as changes of serum proteomics. rats were treated with red raspberry extract (0.75, 1.5, or 3.0 g/kg of body weight) by gavage starting 2 h after den administration and con ...201122417609
changes of hydrogen peroxide and radical-scavenging activity of raspberry during osmotic, convective, and freeze-drying.this study was conducted to investigate the influence of different drying treatments on antioxidant (ao) activity and phenolic content of raspberry (rubus idaeus), cultivar willamette. whole raspberry fruits were dried convectively (air-drying), osmotically, and freeze-dried. acetone-water extracts of fresh and dried raspberries were assessed for total phenolic content by standard folin-ciocalteau method. two ao assays were applied, a recently developed direct current (dc) polarographic assay ba ...201122417351
pomological features, nutritional quality, polyphenol content analysis, and antioxidant properties of domesticated and 3 wild ecotype forms of raspberries (rubus idaeus l.).the raspberry (rubus idaeus l.) is an economically important berry crop that contains many phenolic compounds with potential health benefits. in this study, important pomological features, including nutrient content and antioxidant properties, of a domesticated and 3 wild (yayla, yavuzlar, and yedigöl) raspberry fruits were evaluated. also, the amount of total phenolics and flavonoids in lyophilized aqueous extracts of domesticated and wild ecotypes of raspberry fruits were calculated as gallic ...201122417339
effect of mixing time, freeze-drying and baking on phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity of raspberry juice during processing of muffins.consumption of baked products constitutes an important part of a daily breakfast considering that people are continually grabbing meals on the go. among baked products, muffins rank third in breakfast products and attract a broad range of consumers. incorporation of red raspberry juice into muffins can add value to the product while preserving health benefits to the consumer. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mixing time, freeze-drying and baking on the phenolic and anthocy ...201222228299
comparison of flavonoid composition of red raspberries ( rubus idaeus l.) grown in the southern united states.raspberry flavonoid compounds have significant antioxidant activities, and regular consumption may help prevent and/or moderate chronic diseases. targeted metabolite profiling is useful to identify compounds contributing to these antioxidant properties and health benefits and for tailored breeding for functional foods. in this study, metabolomic variation was determined among three fall-fruiting red raspberry cultivars ('autumn britten', 'caroline', 'nantahala') grown at three north carolina loc ...201222128912
the impact of anthocyanin-rich red raspberry extract (arre) on the properties of edible soy protein isolate (spi) films.to modify the properties of edible soy protein isolate (spi) films, 0.5% anthocyanin-rich red raspberry (rubus strigosus) extract (arre) (0.5 g raspberry powder in 95% ethyl alcohol/water/85% lactic acid [80:19:1. v/v/v]) was incorporated into film-forming solutions. arre resulted in an spi film having significantly enhanced tensile strength (p < 0.05) and % elongation at break (p < 0.05), as well as increased water swelling ratio (p < 0.05) and in vitro pepsin digestibility (p < 0.05). the resu ...201222515242
juice, pulp and seeds fractionated from dry climate primocane raspberry cultivars (rubus idaeus) have significantly different antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin content and color.raspberries contain flavonoid antioxidants whose relative concentrations may vary between the juice, pulp, and seed fractions. oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac), total anthocyanin content, and berry color were determined for six cultivars of primocane raspberries grown in a dry climate (utah, usa). significant orac differences were found between juice (18.4 ± 0.39 μmol te/g), pulp (24.45 ± 0.43), and seeds (273.27 ± 11.15) with all utah cultivars combined. a significantly higher concentr ...201223132011
a comparison of fruit chemical characteristics of two wild grown rubus species from different locations of croatia.the main focus of our study was to investigate differences in nutritional (dry matter, soluble solids content, total acidity and ph value) and bioactive values (ascorbic acid, total anthocyanins, total phenols, and non-flavonoids content) of wild grown raspberry (rubus idaeus) and blackberry (rubus discolor) genotypes harvested from native populations in croatia. the average total acidity ranged from 0.93 to 1.72% in r. discolor and 1.57 to 1.91% in r. idaeus. ascorbic acid was found between 22. ...201222936111
location of the mechanism of resistance to amphorophora agathonica (hemiptera: aphididae) in red raspberry.the aphid amphorophora agathonica hottes (hemiptera: aphididae) is an important virus vector in red (rubus idaeus l.) and black (rubus occidentalis l.) raspberries in north america. raspberry resistance to a. agathonica in the form of a single dominant gene named ag1 has been relied upon to help control aphid-transmitted plant viruses; however, the mechanism of resistance to the insect is poorly understood. aphid feeding was monitored using an electrical penetration graph on the resistant red ra ...201222928330
over-seasons analysis of quantitative trait loci affecting phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in raspberry.this study examined the total phenol content (tpc) and total anthocyanin content (tac) in ripe fruit of progeny of a mapping population generated from a cross between the european red raspberry cv. glen moy ( rubus ideaus var. idaeus) and the north american red raspberry cv. latham ( rubus ideaus var. strigosus) over five seasons in two different growing environments. measurements of antioxidant capacity (frap and teac) were also carried out. tpc was highly correlated with teac and frap across t ...201222583495
pesticide residues in raspberries (rubus idaeus l.) and dietary risk assessment.the aim of this study was to evaluate the residues of 140 pesticides in raspberries from north-eastern poland (2005-2010). gas chromatography with electron capture detector (gc-ecd) and nitrogen phosphorous detector (gc-npd) was used. among the 128 samples, 66 (51.6%) were found to detect residues: 14.1% contained one pesticide and around 38% multiple pesticide residues. the most frequently detected were pyrimethanil residues (36.0%). twenty-seven (21.1%) raspberry samples exceeded the maximum r ...201224779781
effect of berry extracts and bioactive compounds on fulvestrant (ici 182,780) sensitive and resistant cell lines.fulvestrant (ici 182,780; ici) is approved for the treatment of advanced metastatic breast cancer that is unresponsive to other endocrine therapies. berries are frequently consumed for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer potential. in this study, we tested the efficacy of two berry extracts (jamun-ejae and red raspberry-rre) and their bioactive compounds (delphinidin-del and ellagic acid-ea) to inhibit cell proliferation with or without a sublethal dose of ici in various breast ...201223346406
antioxidant activity of isolated ellagitannins from red raspberries and cloudberries.ellagitannins from red raspberries (rubus idaeus) and cloudberries (rubus chamaemorus) were isolated by using column chromatography and preparative hplc. the berry phenolic isolates consisted of 80% (cloudberry) and of 60% (raspberry) of ellagitannins, with raspberries also containing anthocyanins. the main ellagitannins of both raspberries and cloudberries were identified by esi-ms to consist of the dimeric sanguiin h-6 and the trimeric lambertianin c. monomeric ellagitannins such as casuaricti ...201222229937
strategies for transcriptome analysis in nonmodel plants.even with recent reductions in sequencing costs, most plants lack the genomic resources required for successful short-read transcriptome analyses as performed routinely in model species. several approaches for the analysis of short-read transcriptome data are reviewed for nonmodel species for which the genome of a close relative is used as the reference genome. two approaches using a data set from phytophthora-challenged rubus idaeus (red raspberry) are compared. over 70000000 86-nt illumina rea ...201222301897
investigating preference-performance relationships in aboveground-belowground life cycles: a laboratory and field study with the vine weevil (otiorhynchus sulcatus).the preference-performance hypothesis has principally considered insect herbivores with aboveground lifecycles, although the hypothesis could be equally relevant to insects with life stages occurring both aboveground and belowground. moreover, most studies have focussed on either laboratory or field experiments, with little attempt to relate the two. in this study, the preference-performance hypothesis was examined in an aboveground-belowground context in the laboratory using the vine weevil (ot ...201221867576
ellagitannins from rubus berries for the control of gastric inflammation: in vitro and in vivo studies.ellagitannins have shown anti-inflammatory and anti-helicobacter pylori properties; however, their anti-inflammatory activity at gastric level was not previously investigated. the aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of ellagitannins from rubus berries on gastric inflammation. ellagitannin enriched extracts (ets) were prepared from rubus fruticosus l. (blackberry) and rubus idaeus l. (raspberry). the anti-inflammatory activity was tested on gastric cell line ags stimulated by tnf-α a ...201323940786
where does the border lie: locally grown plants used for making tea for recreation and/or healing, 1970s-1990s estonia.traditional use of local wild and cultivated plants for making recreational tea in estonia often borders with the medicinal use of the same plants.201323994468
complete genomic sequence of a rubus yellow net virus isolate and detection of genome-wide pararetrovirus-derived small rnas.rubus yellow net virus (rynv) was cloned and sequenced from a red raspberry (rubus idaeus l.) plant exhibiting symptoms of mosaic and mottling in the leaves. its genomic sequence indicates that it is a distinct member of the genus badnavirus, with 7932bp and seven orfs, the first three corresponding in size and location to the orfs found in the type member commelina yellow mottle virus. bioinformatic analysis of the genomic sequence detected several features including nucleic acid binding motifs ...201324076299
a targeted metabolomics approach to understand differences in flavonoid biosynthesis in red and yellow raspberries.phenolic compounds account for the most important class of secondary metabolites in raspberries and fulfill a broad range of biological functions in plants. due to their presence in fruits they are also considered as important bioactive compounds in human nutrition and are closely related to fruit quality. in the present study a targeted uplc-ms/ms method was used to screen various phenolic compounds in fruits of red and yellow raspberry cultivars. in total 50 phenolic compounds were detected ab ...201323622736
effects of gamma radiation on raspberries: safety and quality issues.there is an ever-increasing global demand from consumers for high-quality foods with major emphasis placed on quality and safety attributes. one of the main demands that consumers display is for minimally processed, high-nutrition/low-energy natural foods with no or minimal chemical preservatives. the nutritional value of raspberry fruit is widely recognized. in particular, red raspberries are known to demonstrate a strong antioxidant capacity that might prove beneficial to human health by preve ...201323514071
effect of ultrasound frequency on antioxidant activity, total phenolic and anthocyanin content of red raspberry puree.ultrasound in the 20-1000 khz range show unique propagation characteristics in fluid media and possess energy that can break down fruit matrices to facilitate the extraction of valuable bioactive compounds. red raspberries carry significant amounts of specific antioxidants, including ellagitannins and anthocyanins that are important for human health. the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ultrasound frequencies associated with cavitation (20 khz) and microstreaming (490 an ...201323507361
morphological and molecular identification to secure cultivar maintenance and management of self-sterile rubus arcticus.preservation of cultivar purity creates a particular challenge for plants that are self-incompatible, require insects for cross-pollination, and have easily germinating seeds and vigorously spreading rhizomes. as the fields must be planted with mixed populations, and a balance must be maintained between the cultivars to achieve effective pollination, methods for field monitoring of the relative density of different cultivars must be practical. furthermore, a dna-based method is needed for cultiv ...201323456688
plants used for making recreational tea in europe: a review based on specific research sites.this paper is a review of local plants used in water infusions as aromatic and refreshing hot beverages (recreational tea) consumed in food-related settings in europe, and not for specific medicinal purposes. the reviewed 29 areas are located across europe, covering the post-soviet countries, eastern and mediterranean europe. altogether, 142 taxa belonging to 99 genera and 40 families were reported. the most important families for making herbal tea in all research areas were lamiaceae and astera ...201323941692
reciprocal feeding facilitation between above- and below-ground herbivores.interspecific interactions between insect herbivores predominantly involve asymmetric competition. by contrast, facilitation, whereby herbivory by one insect benefits another via induced plant susceptibility, is uncommon. positive reciprocal interactions between insect herbivores are even rarer. here, we reveal a novel case of reciprocal feeding facilitation between above-ground aphids (amphorophora idaei) and root-feeding vine weevil larvae (otiorhynchus sulcatus), attacking red raspberry (rubu ...201323883576
isolation of the four methyl jasmonate stereoisomers and their effects on selected chiral volatile compounds in red raspberries.the four stereoisomers present in a commercial sample of methyl jasmonate (mj) were isolated at semi-preparative scale by hplc, using a permethylated β-cyclodextrin column. this allowed the baseline resolution and collection of both major (methyl jasmonates) and minor (epi-methyl jasmonates) stereoisomers. when 1.5 ml of a 5mg per ml mj solution were injected, isolated amounts were 3.56 mg for (-) and (+)-methyl jasmonates, with respective purities of 96.1% and 99.9%, and 0.18 mg for (-)- and (+ ...201323871049
qtl involved in the modification of cyanidin compounds in black and red raspberry fruit.fruit from rubus species are highly valued for their flavor and nutritive qualities. anthocyanin content contributes to these qualities, and although many studies have been conducted to identify and quantify the major anthocyanin compounds from various rubus species, the genetic control of the accumulation of these complex traits in rubus is not yet well understood. the identification of the regions of the genome involved in the production of anthocyanins is an important first step in identifyin ...201323224381
environmental and seasonal influences on red raspberry flavour volatiles and identification of quantitative trait loci (qtl) and candidate genes.raspberry volatiles are important for perceptions of sensory quality, mould resistance and some have nutraceutical activities. twelve raspberry character volatiles were quantified, 11 of them in fruit from two seasons, from plants from the glen moy × latham mapping population growing in both open field and under cover (polytunnels). effects of season and environment were examined for their impact on the content of α-ionone, α-ionol, β-ionone, β-damascenone, linalool, geraniol, benzyl alcohol, (z ...201322890807
rubus idaeus l. reverses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and suppresses cell invasion and protease activities by targeting erk1/2 and fak pathways in human lung cancer cells.epithelial to mesenchymal transition (emt) has been considered essential for cancer metastasis, a multistep complicated process including local invasion, intravasation, extravasation, and proliferation at distant sites. herein we provided molecular evidence associated with the antimetastatic effect of rubus idaeus l. extracts (rie) by showing a nearly complete inhibition on the invasion (p<0.001) of highly metastatic a549 cells via reduced activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (mmp-2) and uro ...201324161487
saturated linkage map construction in rubus idaeus using genotyping by sequencing and genome-independent imputation.rapid development of highly saturated genetic maps aids molecular breeding, which can accelerate gain per breeding cycle in woody perennial plants such as rubus idaeus (red raspberry). recently, robust genotyping methods based on high-throughput sequencing were developed, which provide high marker density, but result in some genotype errors and a large number of missing genotype values. imputation can reduce the number of missing values and can correct genotyping errors, but current methods of i ...201323324311
kaempferol and quercetin glycosides from rubus idaeus l. leaves.quercetin 3-0-beta-d-glucoside (i), quercetin and kaempferol 3-0-beta-d-galactosides (ii, iii), kaempferol 3-0-beta-l-arabinopyranoside (iv), kaempferol 3-0-beta-d-(6''-e-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside (tiliroside) (v) and methyl gallate (vi) were isolated from rubus idaeus l. subspecies culture of norna leaves and fully characterized.201314714861
berries and human health: research highlights from the fifth biennial berry health benefits symposium.the fifth biennial berry health benefits symposium showcased recent research supporting the positive effects of berry consumption on human health and disease. remarkably, the vast majority of oral papers covered data accumulated from in vivo studies, which underscores how berry health research has advanced since the inception of this symposium in 2005. similar to the past, research presented at this meeting was primarily focused on the major commercially cultivated berries in north america, name ...201424148006
cd39/ntpdase-1 expression and activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells are differentially regulated by leaf extracts from rubus caesius and rubus idaeus.many experimental studies have demonstrated the favorable biological activities of plants belonging to the genus rubus, but little is known of the role of rubus leaf extracts in the modulation of the surface membrane expression and activity of endothelial apyrase. the aim of this study was to assess the influence of 1-15 μg/ml rubus extracts on cd39 expression and enzymatic activity, and on the activation (icam-1 expression) and viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec). the po ...201425034034
evaluation of the jelly processing potential of raspberries adapted in brazil.generally raspberry products as jams, jellies, and preserves are made with red raspberry, however, yellow raspberry and especially black raspberry are also fruits adapted in brazil, presenting even better productivity and quality. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the processing potential of other varieties of raspberry, but the red, in the preparation of jellies through mixture design and response surface methodology (rsm). these techniques were used to optimize the following 3 variab ...201424467459
anthocyanin profiles and biological properties of caneberry (rubus spp.) press residues.the global interest in natural food colours shows increasing attention towards new product development to replace synthetic colourants, because of the strengthening of legislative rules and consumer awareness of synthetic additives and chemicals in food. this study was designed to evaluate anthocyanin content and biological activities of press residues from four caneberries: two raspberry (rubus idaeus, cv. 'meeker' (rm) and 'willamette' (rw)) and two blackberry (rubus fruticosus, cv. 'thornfree ...201424407975
raspberry ketone promotes the differentiation of c3h10t1/2 stem cells into osteoblasts.the decrease in the bone mass associated with osteoporosis caused by ovariectomy, aging, and other conditions is accompanied by an increase in bone marrow adipose tissue. the balance between osteoblasts and adipocytes is influenced by a reciprocal relationship. the development of modalities to promote local/systemic bone formation by inhibiting bone marrow adipose tissue is important in the treatment of fractures or metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. in this study, we examined whether ...201424404978
rubus idaeus l inhibits invasion potential of human a549 lung cancer cells by suppression epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and akt pathway in vitro and reduces tumor growth in vivo.the metastasis of lung cancer is the most prevalent cause of patient death. various treatment strategies have targeted the prevention of the occurrence of metastasis. the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt) in lung cancer cells is considered a prerequisite to acquire the invasive/migratory phenotype and to subsequently achieve metastasis. however, the effects ofrubus idaeuson cancer invasion and the emt of the human lung carcinoma remain unclear. in this article, we test the hypothesis thatr ...201424335666
chemical characterization of a red raspberry fruit extract and evaluation of its pharmacological effects in experimental models of acute inflammation and collagen-induced arthritis.berries are an important dietary source of fibres, vitamins, minerals and some biologically active non-nutrients. a red raspberry fruit extract was characterized in terms of phenolic content and the anti-inflammatory properties and protective effects were evaluated in two experimental models of inflammation. the antioxidant potential of the extract, the cellular antioxidant activity and the effects over neutrophils' oxidative burst were also studied to provide a mechanistic insight for the anti- ...201425322288
elevated atmospheric co2 impairs aphid escape responses to predators and conspecific alarm signals.research into the impact of atmospheric change on predator-prey interactions has mainly focused on density dependent responses and trophic linkages. as yet, the chemical ecology underpinning predator-prey interactions has received little attention in environmental change research. group living animals have evolved behavioral mechanisms to escape predation, including chemical alarm signalling. chemical alarm signalling between conspecific prey could be susceptible to environmental change if the p ...201425273846
rna-seq analysis of rubus idaeus cv. nova: transcriptome sequencing and de novo assembly for subsequent functional genomics approaches.using illumina sequencing technology, we have generated the large-scale transcriptome sequencing data containing abundant information on genes involved in the metabolic pathways in r. idaeus cv. nova fruits. rubus idaeus (red raspberry) is one of the important economical crops that possess numerous nutrients, micronutrients and phytochemicals with essential health benefits to human. the molecular mechanism underlying the ripening process and phytochemical biosynthesis in red raspberry is attribu ...201425023872
quality and chemical composition of ten red raspberry (rubus idaeus l.) genotypes during three harvest seasons.colour and chemical composition of fruits of 10 red raspberry genotypes grown in nordic climate during three harvest seasons were studied. the main phenolic compounds in the fruits were ellagitannins and anthocyanins, contributing 57% and 42% to the quantified phenolic compounds, respectively. cyanidin-3-sophoroside was the most abundant anthocyanin (61%). all quality parameters were significantly affected by genotype. the genotypes could be categorised into three groups. 'veten' and 'ru984 0603 ...201424799233
effects of raspberry fruit extracts and ellagic acid on respiratory burst in murine macrophages.the mechanism of action of polyphenolic compounds is attributed to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties and their effects on subcellular signal transduction, cell cycle impairment and apoptosis. a raspberry (rubus idaeus l.) fruit extract contains various antioxidant active compounds, particularly ellagic acid (ea); however the exact intracellular mechanism of their action is not fully understood. the aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of r ...201424699912
hepatoprotective effect of schisandra chinensis (turcz.) baill. lignans and its formula with rubus idaeus on chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in mice.this study aimed to investigate the liver protection effect of schisandra chinensis (turcz.) baill. (sc) lignans and its combination with rubus idaeus (ri) on chronic alcohol-induced mice. a low level of sc lignans (sl) was prepared from the clear juice of sarcocarp. lignans were further extracted from the sc seeds and added to the sl to form high-level sc lignans (sh). moreover, ri clear juice lyophilized powder was mixed with sl (sr), and the liver protection effects of sl, sh and sr were inve ...201425255087
anti-inflammatory activity of fruit fractions in vitro, mediated through toll-like receptor 4 and 2 in the context of inflammatory bowel disease.pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) and 4 (tlr4) are important in detecting and responding to stress and bacterial stimuli. defect or damage in the tlr2 and tlr4 pathways can lead to sustained inflammation, characteristic of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). the goal of this study was to identify fruit fractions that can be tested further to develop them as complementary therapies for ibd. in order to do this, we identified fruit fractions that mediate their anti-in ...201425415606
seasonal phenology of amphorophora agathonica (hemiptera: aphididae) and spread of viruses in red raspberry in washington.amphorophora agathonica (hottes) is the primary vector of aphid-transmitted viruses in red raspberry in the pacific northwest region of the united states. to better understand the biology of the aphid, we estimated the lower developmental threshold and studied the seasonal activity of a. agathonica in commercial fields in northern washington state. in addition, we monitored the spread of raspberry viruses (raspberry latent virus and raspberry leaf mottle virus, rlmv) to determine how rapidly fie ...201424763099
antioxidant, antimicrobial and neutrophil-modulating activities of herb extracts.the present study provides a comprehensive data on the antioxidant, antimicrobial and neutrophil-modulating activities of extracts from six medicinal plants--blackberry (rubus fruticosus) leaves, chokeberry (aronia melanocarpa) leaves, hawthorn (crataegus monogyna) leaves, lady's mantle (alchemilla glabra) aerial parts, meadowsweet (filipendula ulmaria) aerial parts and raspberry (rubus idaeus) leaves. in order to analyze the antioxidant activity of the herbs, several methods (orac, trap, horac ...201424945135
determination of the bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and chemical composition of brazilian blackberry, red raspberry, strawberry, blueberry and sweet cherry fruits.this study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, identify the bioactive compounds and measure the antioxidant activity present in blackberry, red raspberry, strawberry, sweet cherry and blueberry fruits produced in the subtropical areas of brazil and to verify that the chemical properties of these fruit are similar when compared to the temperate production zones. compared with berries and cherries grown in temperate climates, the centesimal composition and physical chemical characteristics ...201424629981
seasonal monitoring for drosophila suzukii (diptera: drosophilidae) in california commercial raspberries.native to southeast asia, drosophila suzukii (matsumura) prefer to oviposit on ripe fruit and have become an important pest of california raspberries (rubus idaeus l.) since their detection in santa cruz county, ca, in 2008. preliminary management guidelines included d. suzukii monitoring recommendations, though there was little available information on seasonal occurrence and potential lures for use in raspberries. to address this issue, we trapped adult d. suzukii weekly for 2 yr (including bo ...201424865227
the antimicrobial activity of fruits from some cultivar varieties of rubus idaeus and rubus occidentalis.raspberries, derived from different cultivar varieties, are a popular ingredient of everyday diet, and their biological activity is a point of interest for researchers. the ethanol-water extracts from four varieties of red (rubus idaeus'ljulin', 'veten', 'poranna rosa') and black (rubus occidentalis'litacz') raspberries were evaluated in the range of their antimicrobial properties as well as phenolic content - sanguiin h-6, free ellagic acid and anthocyanins. the antimicrobial assay was performe ...201425131001
in vitro antiviral activity of a series of wild berry fruit extracts against representatives of picorna-, orthomyxo- and paramyxoviridae.wild berry species are known to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. they have long been traditionally applied for their antiseptic, antimicrobial, cardioprotective and antioxidant properties. the aim of the present study is to reveal the potential for selective antiviral activity of total methanol extracts, as well as that of the anthocyanins and the non-anthocyanins from the following wild berries picked in bulgaria: strawberry (fragaria vesca l.) and raspberry (rubus idaeus l.) ...201424660461
role of human gut microbiota metabolism in the anti-inflammatory effect of traditionally used ellagitannin-rich plant materials.ellagitannin-rich plant materials are widely used in traditional medicine as effective, internally used anti-inflammatory agents. due to the not well-established bioavailability of ellagitannins, the mechanisms of observed therapeutic effects following oral administration still remain unclear. the aim of the study was to evaluate if selected ellagitannin-rich plant materials could be the source of bioavailable gut microbiota metabolites, i.e. urolithins, together with determination of the anti-i ...201424969824
molecular genetics and genomics of the rosoideae: state of the art and future perspectives.the rosoideae is a subfamily of the rosaceae that contains a number of species of economic importance, including the soft fruit species strawberry (fragaria ×ananassa), red (rubus idaeus) and black (rubus occidentalis) raspberries, blackberries (rubus spp.) and one of the most economically important cut flower genera, the roses (rosa spp.). molecular genetics and genomics resources for the rosoideae have developed rapidly over the past two decades, beginning with the development and application ...201426504527
chemical composition and biological activity of rubus idaeus shoots--a traditional herbal remedy of eastern europe.the young shoots of rubus idaeus are traditionally used as a herbal remedy in common cold, fever and flu-like infections yet there is no research concerning this plant material. the aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition and biological properties of raspberry shoots from 11 cultivar varieties.201425496130
characterisation of the aroma profiles of different honeys and corresponding flowers using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry.the aroma profiles of thirteen different honey samples from four botanical origins: heather (calluna vulgaris), raspberry (rubus idaeus), rape (brassica napus), alder buckthorn (frangula alnus) and the blossoms of the four corresponding flowers were investigated to find odour-active compounds exclusively representing specific honeys based on odour-active compounds from the blossoms. gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and gas-chromatography-olfactometry were used to determine and identi ...201525236195
effect of bead nutrient composition on regrowth of stored vitro-derived encapsulated microcuttings of different woody species.aseptic encapsulation in a sodium-alginate bead containing different nutritive solutions of microcuttings (uninodal explants excised from micropropagated shoots) of 10 different genotypes from four different woody species (actinidia deliciosa, kiwifruit, cv hayward and tomuri; malus spp,, apple, rootstock m. 26 and cv starkspur red and wellspur; olea europea, olive, cv canino, moraiolo, ascolana tenera and dolce agogia; rubus idaeus, raspberry, selection 1401) was investigated. the aim of the st ...20159972499
a case study on toxicological aspects of the pest and disease control in the production of the high-quality raspberry (rubus idaeus l.).the field studies on the residue levels of the fungicides and insecticides used in commercial raspberry (rubus idaeus l.) plantation have been performed. starting on the first day of harvesting (on june 19), 20 laboratory samples of fruit, 10 laboratory samples of leaves and 4 samples of soil were analyzed and the residue levels were compared to the maximum residue limits (mrl) and acceptable daily intakes (adi). all analyses were carried out using extraction method and gas chromatography techni ...201525421623
agrobacterium arsenijevicii sp. nov., isolated from crown gall tumors on raspberry and cherry plum.two plant-tumorigenic strains kfb 330(t) and kfb 335 isolated from galls on raspberry (rubus idaeus) in serbia, and a non-pathogenic strain al51.1 recovered from a cherry plum (prunus cerasifera) tumor in poland, were genotypically and phenotypically characterized. phylogenetic reconstruction based on 16s rdna placed them within the genus agrobacterium, with a. nepotum as their closest relative. multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa) based on the partial sequences of atpd, glna, gyrb, reca and rpob ...201526117193
sensory characteristics and antioxidant capacity of red raspberry extract as a preservative in fruity flavoured beverages.sensory evaluation is a critical process in product development and consumer research. it is a fastly growing field due to innovation of novel techniques. the objective of this study was determination of sensory properties of red raspberry extract in fruity flavoured beverages comparison to the synthetic preservatives. for this purpose, an organoleptic stability study on fruity flavoured beverages was conducted storing them at several temperatures (room temperature, 2 ± 2 °c and 40 ± 2 °c) in th ...201526396417
sorbitol, rubus fruit, and misconception.it is unclear how the misunderstanding that rubus fruits (e.g., blackberries, raspberries) are high in sugar alcohol began, or when it started circulating in the united states. in reality, they contain little sugar alcohol. numerous research groups have reported zero detectable amounts of sugar alcohol in fully ripe rubus fruit, with the exception of three out of 82 rubus fruit samples (cloudberry 0.01 g/100 g, red raspberry 0.03 g/100 g, and blackberry 4.8 g/100 g(∗); (∗)highly unusual as 73 ot ...201525053101
an oil-soluble extract of rubus idaeus cells enhances hydration and water homeostasis in skin cells.raspberry plants, belonging to the species of rubus idaeus, are known for their excellent therapeutic properties as they are particularly rich in compounds with strong antioxidant activity, which promote health and well-being of human cells. besides their high content of phenolic compounds, rubus plants are rich in oil-soluble compounds, which are also primary components of the hydrolipidic film barrier of the skin. as plant cell cultures represented a valuable system to produce interesting comp ...201525940647
differential expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes in drupelets and receptacle of raspberry (rubus idaeus).red raspberry (rubus idaeus) is traditionally classified as non-climacteric, and the role of ethylene in fruit ripening is not clear. the available information indicates that the receptacle, a modified stem that supports the drupelets, is involved in ethylene production of ripe fruits. in this study, we report receptacle-related ethylene biosynthesis during the ripening of fruits of cv. heritage. in addition, the expression pattern of ethylene biosynthesis transcripts was evaluated during the ri ...201525847526
volatile compounds of raspberry fruit: from analytical methods to biological role and sensory impact.volatile compounds play a key role in the formation of the well-recognized and widely appreciated raspberry aroma. studies on the isolation and identification of volatile compounds in raspberry fruit (rubus idaeus l.) are reviewed with a focus on aroma-related compounds. a table is drawn up containing a comprehensive list of the volatile compounds identified so far in raspberry along with main references and quantitative data where available. two additional tables report the glycosidic bond and ...201525647579
a variant of rubus yellow net virus with altered genomic organization.rubus yellow net virus (rynv) is a member of the genus badnavirus (family: caulimoviridae). rynv infects rubus species causing chlorosis of the tissue along the leaf veins, giving an unevenly distributed netted symptom in some cultivars of red and black raspberry. recently, a strain of rynv was sequenced from a rubus idaeus plant in alberta, canada, exhibiting such symptoms. the viral genome contained seven open reading frames (orfs) with five of them in the sense-strand, including a large polyp ...201525480633
raspberry ketone, a naturally occurring phenolic compound, inhibits adipogenic and lipogenic gene expression in 3t3-l1 adipocytes.raspberry ketone (rk) is a natural phenolic compound of red raspberry. the dietary intake of rk has been reported to exert anti-obese actions and alter the lipid metabolism in vivo and human studies.201525429790
developing expressed sequence tag libraries and the discovery of simple sequence repeat markers for two species of raspberry (rubus l.).due to a relatively high level of codominant inheritance and transferability within and among taxonomic groups, simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers are important elements in comparative mapping and delineation of genomic regions associated with traits of economic importance. expressed sequence tags (ests) are a source of ssrs that can be used to develop markers to facilitate plant breeding and for more basic research across genera and higher plant orders.201526499487
characterization and biological activities of a novel polysaccharide isolated from raspberry (rubus idaeus l.) fruits.a water-soluble polysaccharide namely rcp-ii from raspberry fruits was obtained by complex enzyme method followed by successive purification using macroporous resin d4020 and sephadex g-100 columns. rcp-ii was an acidic heteropolysaccharide and the characteristic structure of polysaccharide was determined. the carbohydrate of rcp-ii was composed with galacturonic acid, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 1.00:0.55:1.19:0.52:0.44:1.90 and the average molecular w ...201526256339
identification of a botanical inhibitor of intestinal diacylglyceride acyltransferase 1 activity via in vitro screening and a parallel, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.diacylglyceride acyltransferase 1 (dgat1) is the enzyme that adds the final fatty acid on to a diacylglyceride during triglyceride (tg) synthesis. dgat1 plays a key role in the repackaging of dietary tg into circulating tg rich chylomicrons. a growing amount of research has indicated that an exaggerated postprandial circulating tg level is a risk indicator for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. the aim of this research was to identify a botanical extract that inhibits intestinal dgat1 activ ...201526246845
towards an understanding of the control of 'crumbly' fruit in red raspberry.the genetic disorder known as 'crumbly' fruit is becoming a serious problem in the european raspberry industry. the study set out to examine the crumbly phenotype in a red raspberry mapping population under two environments (field and polytunnel) across six seasons in an effort to understand variability of the syndrome and to examine whether genetic factors were important and if so, whether qtl associated with the phenotype could be identified. this highlighted that seasonal, environmental (fiel ...201526020022
new insights into the bioavailability of red raspberry anthocyanins and ellagitannins.red raspberries, containing ellagitannins and cyanidin-based anthocyanins, were fed to volunteers and metabolites appearing in plasma and urine were analysed by uhplc-ms. anthocyanins were not absorbed to any extent with sub nmol/l concentrations of cyanidin-3-o-glucoside and a cyanidin-o-glucuronide appearing transiently in plasma. anthocyanins excreted in urine corresponded to 0.007% of intake. more substantial amounts of phase ii metabolites of ferulic acid and isoferulic acid, along with 4'- ...201526475039
bioactivity of meeker and willamette raspberry (rubus idaeus l.) pomace extracts.taking into account the substantial potential of raspberry processing by-products, pomace extracts from two raspberry cultivars, meeker and willamette, were investigated. total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents were determined. willamette pomace extract (ec₅₀=0.042 mg/ml) demonstrated stronger 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl dpph radical-scavenging activity than did meeker pomace extract (ec₅₀=0.072 mg/ml). the most pronounced cell growth inhibition effect was obtained in the breast ade ...201525053074
a national survey of herbal preparation use by nurse-midwives for labor stimulation. review of the literature and recommendations for practice.to document the use of herbal preparations for cervical ripening, induction, and augmentation of labor by certified nurse-midwives (cnms) and nurse-midwifery education programs, a national survey of 500 members of the american college of nurse-midwives was conducted. forty eight nurse-midwifery education programs were also surveyed to determine whether they were formally or informally educating students in the use of herbal preparations for cervical ripening, induction, or augmentation of labor. ...201510380441
production and elicitation of benzalacetone and the raspberry ketone in cell suspension cultures of rubus idaeus.production levels of p-coumaric acid (p-ca), p-hydroxyphenylbut-3-ene-2-one (benzalacetone), and p-hydroxyphenyl-2-butanone (raspberry ketone) were measured in raspberry cell suspension cultures to investigate metabolite dynamics in a short (two-step) pathway. intracellular concentrations of benzalacetone and the raspberry ketone fluctuated during the time course of a normal batch culture cycle but showed higher levels during periods of rapid growth. cells elicited with the signal coupler methyl ...201610835233
'cyanidin volumetric index' and 'chromaticity coordinates ratio' to characterize red raspberry (rubus idaeus).the object of this work is presented in a larger research project concerning 'new indexes to evidence the nutritional quality of small fruits' in progress at the analytical food research laboratories, university of milan. the present paper contains data that contribute to the analytical characterization of 12 varieties of red raspberry through the high-performance liquid chromatography determination of the aglycon 'cyanidin' derived from chemical hydrolysis of berries. even more interesting resu ...201617135027
the chilean wild raspberry (rubus geoides sm.) increases intracellular gsh content and protects against h2o2 and methylglyoxal-induced damage in ags cells.the chilean raspberry rubus geoides sm. (rosaceae) is a native species occurring in the patagonia. five r. geoides samples were assessed for phenolic content and composition, antioxidant activity, effect on total reduced glutathione (gsh) synthesis and protective effect against h2o2 and methylglyoxal (mgo)-induced stress in epithelial gastric ags cells. the hplc-dad/esi-ms profiles allowed the tentative identification of 39 phenolics including flavonol glycosides and tannins. r. geoides presente ...201626471634
analytical fingerprint and chemometrics as phytochemical composition control tools in food supplement analysis: characterization of raspberry bud preparations of different cultivars.the raspberry, rubus idaeus l., provides several plant parts (as buds) used for food supplements. the aim of this research was to establish a technique for chemical composition control of r. idaeus herbal preparations, using chromatographic methods. these methods allowed us to identify and quantify the main phytochemicals, obtaining a specific phytochemical fingerprint (phytocomplex). combined with two different chemometric methods - clustering analysis and principal component analysis - the ras ...201626459916
red raspberry phenols inhibit angiogenesis: a morphological and subcellular analysis upon human endothelial cells.polyphenols are a class of natural compounds whose potential as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenesis has been reported in many pathological conditions. red raspberry extract, rich in polyphenols, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects and prevent cell proliferation in distinct animal models. however, the signaling pathways involved remain unknown. herein, we used human microvascular endothelial cells (hmvecs) to determine the influence of red raspberry phenolic com ...201626590362
comparison of antioxidant activity of the fruits derived from in vitro propagated and traditionally cultivated tayberry plants.tayberry is a hybrid between rubus fruticosus l. and rubus idaeus l. these fruits contain valuable vitamins and antioxidants. an effective protocol for micropropagation of tayberry plants is here described. different concentrations of cytokinins (6-benzylaminopurine, zeatin, and 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)purine) were added in murashige and skoog, 1962 (ms) medium to micropropagation using stem tip and nodal explants.201626564552
red raspberry decreases heart biomarkers of cardiac remodeling associated with oxidative and inflammatory stress in obese diabetic db/db mice.early diagnosis of risks of heart disease can be critical to fight cardiovascular diseases (cvd) associated with obesity and diabetes and for the implementation of nutritional interventions. the objective of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of red raspberry consumption in the obese diabetic (db/db) mice using proteomic analysis as a tool. hearts harvested from db/db mice fed an isocaloric diet (ain-93g, control group) or ain-93g supplemented with freeze-dried raspberry ...201627841417
ellagitannins from raspberry (rubus idaeus l.) fruit as natural inhibitors of geotrichum candidum.the paper presents the chemical characteristics of ellagitannins isolated from raspberry (rubus idaeus l.) fruit and their in vitro and in situ antifungal activity against geotrichum candidum łock 0511. the study investigated a complex preparation containing various raspberry ellagitannins at a concentration of 86% w/w, as well as pure lambertianin c and sanguiin h-6. the ellagitannin preparation was obtained by extracting raspberry press cake and purifying the extract using amberlite xad resin, ...201627420041
does the slow-growth, high-mortality hypothesis apply below ground?belowground tri-trophic study systems present a challenging environment in which to study plant-herbivore-natural enemy interactions. for this reason, belowground examples are rarely available for testing general ecological theories. to redress this imbalance, we present, for the first time, data on a belowground tri-trophic system to test the slow growth, high mortality hypothesis. we investigated whether the differing performance of entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) in controlling the common p ...201627571368
root herbivores drive changes to plant primary chemistry, but root loss is mitigated under elevated atmospheric co2.above- and belowground herbivory represents a major challenge to crop productivity and sustainable agriculture worldwide. how this threat from multiple herbivore pests will change under anthropogenic climate change, via altered trophic interactions and plant response traits, is key to understanding future crop resistance to herbivory. in this study, we hypothesized that atmospheric carbon enrichment would increase the amount (biomass) and quality (c:n ratio) of crop plant resources for above- an ...201627379129
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