| biodiversity of a burkholderia cepacia population isolated from the maize rhizosphere at different plant growth stages. | a burkholderia cepacia population naturally occurring in the rhizosphere of zea mays was investigated in order to assess the degree of root association and microbial biodiversity at five stages of plant growth. the bacterial strains isolated on semiselective pcat medium were mostly assigned to the species b. cepacia by an analysis of the restriction patterns produced by amplified dna coding for 16s rrna (16s rdna) (ardra) with the enzyme alui. partial 16s rdna nucleotide sequences of some random ... | 1997 | 9361434 |
| green fluorescent protein as a marker for pseudomonas spp. | the development of sensitive methods for observing individual bacterial cells in a population in experimental models and natural environments, such as in biofilms or on plant roots, is of great importance for studying these systems. we report the construction of plasmids which constitutively express a bright mutant of the green fluorescent protein of the jellyfish aequorea victoria and are stably maintained in pseudomonas spp. we demonstrate the utility of these plasmids to detect individual cel ... | 1997 | 9361441 |
| characterization of the pena and penr genes of burkholderia cepacia 249 which encode the chromosomal class a penicillinase and its lysr-type transcriptional regulator. | burkholderia cepacia is recognized as an important pathogen in the lung infections of patients with cystic fibrosis. an inducible beta-lactamase activity has been associated with increased resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in clinical isolates of b. cepacia. in this study, we report the revised sequence of the pena gene, which encodes the inducible penicillinase of b. cepacia, and show that it belongs to the molecular class a beta-lactamases and exhibits a high degree of similarity to the ch ... | 1997 | 9371340 |
| infections in patients with cystic fibrosis following lung transplantation. | there is controversy over whether colonization with drug-resistant organisms is a contraindication to lung transplantation. | 1997 | 9377954 |
| identification and characterization of a two-component regulatory system involved in invasion of eukaryotic cells and heavy-metal resistance in burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease increasingly recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many regions of the world. b. pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular pathogen capable of invading eukaryotic cells. we used tn5-ot182 mutagenesis to generate mutants deficient in the ability to invade a human type ii pneumocyte cell line (a549 cells). one of these mutants, aj1d8, exhibited approximately 10% of the ability of the parental stra ... | 1997 | 9393784 |
| analysis of changes in congener selectivity during pcb degradation by burkholderia sp. strain tsn101 with increasing concentrations of pcb and characterization of the bphbcd genes and gene products. | we isolated and characterized a gram-negative bacterium, burkholderia sp. strain tsn101, that can degrade polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) at concentrations as high as 150 microg kaneclor 300/ml, a pcb mixture equivalent to aroclor 1242. growing cells of strain tsn101 degraded most of the tri- and tetrachlorobiphenyls in medium containing 25 microg kaneclor 300/ml. using pcb concentrations of 50-150 microg of kaneclor 300/ml, the congener selectivity pattern was different and the pattern of chlo ... | 1998 | 9396836 |
| polymerase chain reaction for the detection of burkholderia pseudomallei. | melioidosis is a potentially lethal infection of humans and animals in southeast asia and northern australia. current methods for detection of the causative organism, burkholderia pseudomallei, lack both speed and sensitivity. we report the development of a highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction-based method that can detect as few as 35 colony-forming units of b. pseudomallei/ml in saline suspensions. this polymerase chain reaction test also detected the presence of b. pseudomallei dna in cu ... | 1997 | 9401803 |
| bacteremia due to burkholderia gladioli: case report. | | 1997 | 9402407 |
| prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection by meatal disinfection. | the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (utis) becomes higher with prolongation of the indwelling period of a catheter. as to the entry of bacteria, ascending utis have now attracted attention. in the present study. the metal area was examined bacteriologically and the possibility to use antiseptics for blocking the route of developing infections was investigated. the subjects included 72 patients with an indwelling, urethral catheter inserted post-operatively. these patien ... | 1997 | 9403260 |
| lipopolysaccharide from burkholderia vietnamiensis strain lmg 6999 contains two polymers identical to those present in the reference strain for burkholderia cepacia serogroup o4. | lipopolysaccharide was isolated from strain lmg 6999 of burkholderia vietnamiensis. degradative and nmr spectroscopic studies established the presence of two polymeric fractions based on the following trisaccharide repeating units: i:-->3)-alpha-d-galp-(1-->3)-beta-d-galp-(1-->3)-beta-d-galpnac- (1-->; ii:-->3)-alpha-d-galpnac-(1-->3)-beta-d-galpnac-(1-->4)- alpha-l-rhap-(1-->. the same polymers have previously been found together in lipopolysaccharide from the reference strain for burkholderia ... | 1997 | 9418254 |
| genetic characterization of insertion sequence isjp4 on plasmid pjp4 from ralstonia eutropha jmp134. | directly adjacent to the (tfdt-) tfdcdef gene cluster for chlorocatechol breakdown on plasmid pjp4 of ralstonia eutropha (formerly alcaligenes eutrophus) jmp134, we identified a 0.9-kb dna element, designated isjp4, with the typical features of a bacterial insertion sequence. isjp4 occurs as a single complete copy on plasmid pjp4. about 9 kb away from this copy, in the tfda-tfds intergenic region, we found a 71-bp duplication of the isjp4 right-hand extremity. in addition, we discovered a comple ... | 1997 | 9427552 |
| structure of an acidic exopolysaccharide of burkholderia pseudomallei. | a recently described water-soluble exopolysaccharide of burkholderia pseudomallei recognized by the igg 1 monoclonal antibody 3015 [steinmetz, i., rohde, m. & brenneke, b. (1995) infect. immun. 63, 3959-3965] was isolated by repetitive ethanol-precipitation steps and by anion-exchange chromatography. the structure of the polysaccharide was determined by a combination of chemical-derivatization and mass-spectrometric techniques (compositional and methylation analysis, gc/ms, and electrospray-ioni ... | 1997 | 9428716 |
| rhizoremediation of trichloroethylene by a recombinant, root-colonizing pseudomonas fluorescens strain expressing toluene ortho-monooxygenase constitutively. | trichloroethylene (tce) was removed from soils by using a wheat rhizosphere established by coating seeds with a recombinant, tce-degrading pseudomonas fluorescens strain that expresses the toma+ (toluene o-monooxygenase) genes from burkholderia cepacia pr1(23)(tom23c). a transposon integration vector was used to insert toma+ into the chromosome of p. fluorescens 2-79, producing a stable strain that expressed constitutively the monooxygenase at a level of 1.1 nmol/min.mg of protein (initial tce c ... | 1998 | 9435067 |
| burkholderia cepacia bacteremia: a retrospective analysis of 70 episodes. | burkholderia cepacia, a widespread gram-negative environmental bacillus associated with nosocomial infections, is considered to be of relatively low virulence and rarely to cause invasive disease. we retrospectively analyzed the risk factors, clinical manifestations, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and prognostic factors of b. cepacia bacteremia cases. from 1982 through 1995, 70 episodes of bacteremia due to b. cepacia occurred in 52 patients at the national taiwan university hospital. the overa ... | 1997 | 9444917 |
| bacterial associations with mycorrhizal fungi: close and distant friends in the rhizosphere. | bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere interact with each other at different levels of cellular integration, ranging from apparently simple association, through surface attachment, to intimate and obligatory symbiosis. this synergism may not only be important in promoting plant growth and health, but may also be significant to rhizosphere ecology. | 1997 | 9447662 |
| siderophore production by cystic fibrosis isolates of burkholderia cepacia. | sixty-one burkholderia cepacia isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) and four plant isolates were screened for production of the siderophores salicylic acid (sa), pyochelin, cepabactin, and ornibactins and fingerprinted by a pcr-based randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method. of the 24 rapd types determined, 22 (92%) were associated with isolates that produced sa, 21 (87%) were associated with isolates that produced ornibactins, 15 (60%) were associated with isolates that prod ... | 1998 | 9453660 |
| association of resistance to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, chloramphenicol and quinolones with changes in major outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharide in burkholderia cepacia. | antibiotic treatment options for burkholderia cepacia infection are limited because of high intrinsic resistance. the problem is complicated by development of cross-resistance between antibiotics of different classes. we isolated antibiotic-resistant mutants by stepwise exposure to chloramphenicol (chlor) and to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (t/s) for four b. cepacia strains: atcc13945, per (clinical isolate), cas and d4 (environmental isolates). chlor(r) mutants did not produce chloramphenicol ... | 1997 | 9462431 |
| [rehabilitation of cystic fibrosis in adulthood]. | by the example of 2 adult patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) problems of pulmonary manifestation of cf and its complications are discussed. in both patients disease manifested late. life expectancy of cf-patients has markedly increased over the last decades. in the adult distinct complications appear more often such as exacerbation of bronchitis due to pseudomonas aeruginosa, colonisation of air ways by burkholderia cepacia or by atypical mycobacteria, development of allergic bronchopulmonary as ... | 1997 | 9465725 |
| studies of lipase-catalyzed esterification reactions of some acetylenic fatty acids. | esterification of five positional isomers of acetylenic fatty acids [viz. 9:1(2a), 11:1(10a), 18:1(6a), 18:1(9a) and 22:1(13a)] of different chain lengths with n-butanol in n-hexane in the presence of eight different lipases [lipozyme im 20 (rhizomucor miehei), lipolase 100t (r. miehei), novozyme 435 (candida antarctica), ppl (porcine pancreatic lipase), ccl (c. cylindracea), ps-d (pseudomonas cepacia), lipase a-12 (aspergillus niger) and lipase ay-30 (c. rugosa)] was studied. 2-nonynoic acid wa ... | 1998 | 9470175 |
| construction of a reca mutant of burkholderia (formerly pseudomonas), cepacia. | a reca mutant was constructed of a soil isolate of burkholderia cepacia, strain atcc 17616. prior to mutagenesis, the reca gene was cloned from this strain by its ability to complement the methyl methanesulfonate sensitivity of an escherichia coli reca mutant. sequence analysis of the strain showed high sequence similarity (94% nucleic acid and 99% amino acid identity) with the reca gene previously cloned from a clinical isolate of b. cepacia, strain jn25. the subcloned reca gene from b. cepacia ... | 1998 | 9487711 |
| emerging infections in australia. | over the last 10 years, novel infectious agents including equine morbillivirus, lyssavirus, barmah forest virus, rickettsia honei and two as-yet-unnamed bunyaviruses have been identified as causes of human disease in australia. previously described agents, such as japanese b encephalitis virus, dengue virus, ross river virus, orientia tsutsugamushi, rickettsia australis, burkholderia pseudomallei, mycobacterium ulcerans and trichinella pseudospiralis, have increased their geographical distributi ... | 1997 | 9494666 |
| variation in flagellin genes and proteins of burkholderia cepacia. | the majority of isolates of burkholderia cepacia, an important opportunistic pathogen associated with cystic fibrosis, can be classified into two types on the basis of flagellin protein size. electron microscopic analysis indicates that the flagella of strains with the larger flagellin type (type i) are wider in diameter. flagellin genes representative of both types were cloned and sequenced to design oligonucleotide primers for pcr amplification of the central variable domain of b. cepacia flag ... | 1998 | 9495748 |
| enzyme specificity of 2-nitrotoluene 2,3-dioxygenase from pseudomonas sp. strain js42 is determined by the c-terminal region of the alpha subunit of the oxygenase component. | biotransformations with recombinant escherichia coli expressing the genes encoding 2-nitrotoluene 2,3-dioxygenase (2ntdo) from pseudomonas sp. strain js42 demonstrated that 2ntdo catalyzes the dihydroxylation and/or monohydroxylation of a wide range of aromatic compounds. extremely high nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence identity exists between the components from 2ntdo and the corresponding components from 2,4-dinitrotoluene dioxygenase (2,4-dntdo) from burkholderia sp. strain dnt (form ... | 1998 | 9495758 |
| bacterial community dynamics during start-up of a trickle-bed bioreactor degrading aromatic compounds. | this study was performed with a laboratory-scale fixed-bed bioreactor degrading a mixture of aromatic compounds (solvesso100). the starter culture for the bioreactor was prepared in a fermentor with a wastewater sample of a care painting facility as the inoculum and solvesso100 as the sole carbon source. the bacterial community dynamics in the fermentor and the bioreactor were examined by a conventional isolation procedure and in situ hybridization with fluorescently labeled rrna-targeted oligon ... | 1998 | 9501433 |
| an outbreak of burkholderia cepacia with septicemia on a cardiology ward. | during a 3-day period, eight patients developed septicemia with burkholderia cepacia. heparin injection was found to be a risk factor. heparin was diluted with dextrose solution, which was aspirated from a 1-l bag. b cepacia, genotypically identical to the blood isolates, was isolated from this bag. | 1998 | 9510111 |
| in-vitro bactericidal efficacy of sub-mic concentrations of liposome-encapsulated antibiotic against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. | it has been shown previously that tobramycin encapsulated in fluid liposomes (composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dppc) and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (dmpg)) eradicated mucoid pseudomonas aeruginosa in an animal model of chronic pulmonary infection. exponential cultures of p. aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophila, burkholderia cepacia, escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus were treated with (i) free tobramycin, (ii) sub-mic tobramycin encapsulated in dppc/dmpg liposomes, (ii ... | 1998 | 9511035 |
| molecular epidemiology of burkholderia cepacia in two australian cystic fibrosis centres. | forty individual patient sputum isolates of burkholderia cepacia from two australian cystic fibrosis (cf) centres more than 100 km apart were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) with xbai restriction enzyme digestion. hospital 1 had an endemic strain with 19 of 20 isolates being closely related. this centre does not implement an inpatient segregation policy for its paediatric patients who constitute the majority of those colonized with b. cepacia. hospital 2 did not have a si ... | 1998 | 9513065 |
| characterisation and molecular typing of burkholderia pseudomallei: are disease presentations of melioidosis clonally related? | eighteen cases of culture positive melioidosis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, were seen in four geographically separate communities in north queensland, australia. the genetic inter-relatedness of the clinical isolates were compared utilising random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mee). the isolates segregated into two groups that correlated with clinical presentation rather than geographical location. this is the first described association b ... | 1998 | 9514574 |
| a novel plasmid pijb1 possessing a putative 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate degradative transposon tn5530 in burkholderia cepacia strain 2a. | a 102-kb plasmid, pijb1, was isolated from burkholderia cepacia strain 2a, which is able to use 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-d) as a sole carbon source, and a physical map of the plasmid has been established. it was observed that spontaneous loss of a 37-kb fragment of the plasmid after growth in nonselective medium occurred, generating a plasmid of diminished size, pijb2. the deletion event is concomitant with the loss of the 2,4-d dissimilatory phenotype, indicating that at least some of th ... | 1998 | 9514710 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cs-834, a new oral carbapenem. | cs-834 is a prodrug of the carbapenem r-95867, developed by sankyo co., ltd., tokyo, japan. to investigate the possibility that cs-834 may be the first carbapenem usable in an oral dosage form, its in vitro antibacterial activity (as r-95867) and in vivo antibacterial activity were compared with those of cefpodoxime proxetil, cefditoren pivoxil, cefdinir, ofloxacin, imipenem, and amoxicillin. r-95867 had high levels of activity against methicillin-susceptible staphylococci and streptococci, incl ... | 1998 | 9517932 |
| lipopolysaccharide from nonvirulent ara+ burkholderia pseudomallei isolates is immunologically indistinguishable from lipopolysaccharide from virulent ara- clinical isolates. | different lines of evidence suggest that a discrepancy between the distribution of burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomallei in the environment and the distribution of the disease melioidosis is attributable, at least in part, to phenotypic differences between clinical and some environmental isolates. two antigenically and biochemically distinct biotypes have been described, only one of which is virulent. in this study, lipopolysaccharides (lpss) were extracted by the proteinase k digestion method ... | 1998 | 9521147 |
| reactions of alternate substrates demonstrate stereoelectronic control of reactivity in dialkylglycine decarboxylase. | kinetic and product analyses of the reactions of dialkylglycine decarboxylase with several alternative substrates are presented. rate constants for the reactions of amino and keto acids of several substrates decrease logarithmically with increasing side-chain size. conversely, kcat for l-amino acid decarboxylation increases with side-chain size. these and other data confirm a proposed model for three binding subsites in the active site. in this model, bond making and breaking in both the decarbo ... | 1998 | 9521707 |
| purification and characterization of a cytotoxic exolipid of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an infectious disease, which is increasingly recognized as an important public health problem in various tropical regions. this study describes the identification and characterization of a heat-stable extracellular toxin of b. pseudomallei. after cultivation of b. pseudomallei in liquid media, the heated cell-free supernatant was concentrated by ultrafiltration. the concentrate exhibited a cytotoxic and hemolytic activity which sho ... | 1998 | 9529085 |
| [the principles of the therapy of glanders in monkeys]. | the effect of pathogenetic therapy in the normalization of homeostasis disturbances in monkeys has been shown under experimental conditions. data on the possibility of using hemosorption in the treatment of severe forms of glanders are presented. the conclusion on the necessity of using complex treatment for the effective therapy of glanders in humans has been made. | 1998 | 9532692 |
| sensitization of burkholderia cepacia to antibiotics by cationic drugs. | chlorpromazine and prochlorperazine have previously been shown to enhance the susceptibility of burkholderia cepacia to aminoglycosides. to screen other non-antibiotic drugs containing similar amine (-n-ch3) groups, we examined a range of such agents that are in current clinical use for the treatment of non-infectious diseases, in combination with antibiotics that are ineffective against b. cepacia. at a concentration of 0.2 mm, theobromine, theophylline, trifluoperazine, fluophenazine and couma ... | 1998 | 9533472 |
| potential misidentification of burkholderia pseudomallei by api 20ne. | biochemical confirmation of the identity of burkholderia pseudomallei in singapore previously relied on the api 20ne panel of tests. after introducing an alternative proprietary biochemical panel, the microbact 24e (medvet, adelaide, australia), we noted that the api panel identified some presumptive b. pseudomallei isolates as other species. we therefore compared the performance of the api 20ne against the microbact 24e with 50 distinct clinical isolates of b. pseudomallei, after 24 hours and a ... | 1998 | 9534210 |
| differential scanning calorimetric studies on the thermal unfolding of pseudomonas cepacia lipase in the absence and presence of alcohols. | thermal unfolding of pseudomonas cepacia lipase (pcl) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) at ph 7. the peak temperature tp of the dsc trace increased with increasing concentration of the protein. the dsc traces could be successfully analyzed on the basis of the following mechanism, assuming the dissociation of a calcium ion upon denaturation; n ca2+<-->d + ca2+, where n and d represent native and denatured states of pcl, respectively. in the presence of 1-5% alcohols (methanol ... | 1998 | 9538205 |
| burkholderia thailandensis sp. nov., a burkholderia pseudomallei-like species. | the presence of a burkholderia pseudomallei-like species based upon the significant genotypic and phenotypic dissimilarities exhibited between these organisms and true b. pseudomallei strains has been reported previously. in this study, a comprehensive 16s rdna-based phylogenetic analysis further supports the existence of this newly described burkholderia species for which the name burkholderia thailandensis sp. nov. is proposed. | 1998 | 9542103 |
| evaluation of pcr for diagnosis of melioidosis. | previously published pcr-based diagnostic tests for melioidosis were evaluated for clinical usefulness. a burkholderia pseudomallei 16s rrna-derived primer set had a sensitivity approaching 100% for clinical samples from 22 culture-confirmed cases of melioidosis and enabled diagnosis of 3 culture-negative cases. however, samples from 10 of 30 inpatients from royal darwin hospital with other diagnoses were positive by pcr, giving a specificity of 67% and a positive predictive value of only 70%. a ... | 1998 | 9542933 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei infection in a puerto rican patient with chronic granulomatous disease: case report and review of occurrences in the americas. | burkholderia species, notably burkholderia cepacia and burkholderia gladioli, are important pathogens in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (cgd). burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia but is a rare pathogen in other parts of the world. we describe the occurrence of b. pseudomallei infection in a puerto rican patient with cgd. this is one of only a small number of documented cases of melioidosis autochthonous t ... | 1998 | 9564470 |
| mycotic aneurysm due to burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 1998 | 9564506 |
| burkholderia cepacia produces a hemolysin that is capable of inducing apoptosis and degranulation of mammalian phagocytes. | burkholderia cepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that has become a major threat to individuals with cystic fibrosis (cf). in approximately 20% of patients, pulmonary colonization with b. cepacia leads to cepacia syndrome, a fatal fulminating pneumonia sometimes associated with septicemia. it has been reported that culture filtrates of clinically derived strains of b. cepacia are hemolytic. in this study, we have characterized a factor which contributes to this hemolytic activity and is secreted ... | 1998 | 9573086 |
| substrate specificities of hybrid naphthalene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene dioxygenase enzyme systems. | bacterial three-component dioxygenase systems consist of reductase and ferredoxin components which transfer electrons from nad(p)h to a terminal oxygenase. in most cases, the oxygenase consists of two different subunits (alpha and beta). to assess the contributions of the alpha and beta subunits of the oxygenase to substrate specificity, hybrid dioxygenase enzymes were formed by coexpressing genes from two compatible plasmids in escherichia coli. the activities of hybrid naphthalene and 2,4-dini ... | 1998 | 9573183 |
| formulary review of the carbapenems: comparison of imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem. | in comparison with imipenem, meropenem exhibits closely similar microbiological activity. although meropenem has slightly greater gram-negative activity against organisms, like pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cepacia, imipenem demonstrates more intense gram-positive activity, particularly towards enterococcus faecalis which may reduce or even cancel out, the clinical relevance of these microbiological differences. however, an aminoglycoside is usually added in the treatment of serious in ... | 1998 | 9573653 |
| mouse beta defensin-1 is a functional homolog of human beta defensin-1. | defensin are 3-4 kda antimicrobial peptides of which three distinct families have been identified; alpha-defensin, beta-defensins, and insect defensins. recent investigations have shown that beta-defensins are present in the human airways and may be relevant to the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (cf) lung disease. we report here the further characterization of a recently identified mouse beta-defensin gene, defb1, sometimes referred to as mbd-1, which is homologous to the human airway beta defe ... | 1998 | 9585433 |
| the detection of insertion sequences within the human pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei which have been identified previously in burkholderia cepacia. | using primers designed from the nucleotide sequences of five insertion elements identified previously in burkholderia cepacia, the presence of two insertion sequences (is406 and is407) was detected in chromosomal dna isolated from strains of the human pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei. the is407 homologue was cloned from b. pseudomallei nctc 4845 and nucleotide sequenced to confirm its identity and degree of homology with b. cepacia is407. a pcr amplification product from b. pseudomallei nctc 4 ... | 1998 | 9595665 |
| balb/c and c57bl/6 mice infected with virulent burkholderia pseudomallei provide contrasting animal models for the acute and chronic forms of human melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the aetiological agent of melioidosis, a life-threatening bacterial disease occurring in many species of animals, including man. infection in humans commonly manifests as one of three clinical presentations: acute, subacute or chronic disease. investigations were undertaken to assess the suitability of balb/c and c57bl/6 mice as animal models for the different forms of human melioidosis. the course of infection in balb/c mice was similar to that which occurs in acute ... | 1998 | 9600859 |
| microbiological monitoring of bone grafts: two years' experience at a tissue bank. | in the first two years of operation of a tissue bank, bone was processed on 63 occasions from 22 cadaveric donors and on 37 occasions from 185 living donors. a standardized protocol for microbiological sampling, culturing and interpretation of the results was developed. semi-quantitative culture of washings of bone was performed on receipt by the tissue bank, and broth enrichment cultures of bone samples were performed at the end of processing, and again after irradiation. one bone donation was ... | 1998 | 9602975 |
| imipenem resistance in aerobic gram-negative bacteria. | a prospective study was undertaken to observe the emergence of resistance to imipenem, if any, among aerobic gram-negative bacteria. a total of 736 isolates were tested during 1994-95 and less than 1% of them were resistant to imipenem, whereas the next year ('95-'96) the rate increased to 11 of the 903 isolates tested. the resistant isolates during '94-'95 were all stenotrophomonas maltophilia whereas the spectrum of resistant bacterial species increased in '95-'96 to include pseudomonas aerugi ... | 1998 | 9603633 |
| genes for 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolism in burkholderia cepacia ac1100: characterization of the tftc and tftd genes and locations of the tft operons on multiple replicons. | burkholderia cepacia ac1100 uses the chlorinated aromatic compound 2, 4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-t) as a sole source of carbon and energy. the enzyme which converts the first intermediate in the pathway, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, to 5-chlorohydroquinone has been purified and consists of two subunits of 58 and 22 kda, encoded by the tftc and tftd genes (48). a degenerate primer was designed from the n terminus of the 58-kda polypeptide and used to isolate a clone containing the tftc and ... | 1998 | 9603818 |
| phosphoenolpyruvate phosphomutase activity in an l-phosphonoalanine-mineralizing strain of burkholderia cepacia | a strain of burkholderia cepacia isolated by enrichment culture utilized l-2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid (phosphonoalanine) at concentrations up to 20 mm as a carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus source in a phosphate-insensitive manner. cells contained phosphoenolpyruvate phosphomutase activity, presumed to be responsible for cleavage of the c---p bond of phosphonopyruvate, the transamination product of l-phosphonoalanine; this was inducible in the presence of phosphonoalanine. | 1998 | 9603854 |
| activity-dependent fluorescent labeling of bacteria that degrade toluene via toluene 2,3-dioxygenase. | alternative substrates for the toluene 2,3-dioxygenase pathway of several pseudomonads served as enzyme-activity-dependent fluorescent probes for the bacteria. phenylacetylene and cinnamonitrile were transformed to fluorescent and brightly colored products by pseudomonas putida f1, pseudomonas fluorescens cfs215, and burkholderia (pseudomonas) strain js150. active bacteria transformed phenylacetylene, producing bright yellow solutions containing the putative product 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-octyn-2,4-d ... | 1998 | 9615486 |
| transmission and prevalence of burkholderia cepacia in welsh cystic fibrosis patients. | from 1987 to 1994, 16 of 162 cystic fibrosis (cf) patients attending cf clinics at three different hospitals in south wales, u.k. were found to have respiratory secretions colonized with burkholderia cepacia (b. cepacia). bacteriological typing by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ribotyping demonstrated seven strains of b. cepacia among these 16 cf patients. this typing confirmed that cross-infection was the mechanism of colonization in six of the nine patients who were colonized at the paediatri ... | 1998 | 9616509 |
| comparison of culture and pcr for detection of burkholderia cepacia in sputum samples of patients with cystic fibrosis. | we investigated the utility of pcr to detect burkholderia cepacia directly in sputum samples at two cystic fibrosis (cf) centers serving children and adults. following liquefaction of the sputa by using n-acetyl-l-cysteine, dna was isolated and analyzed by pcrs with three different primer pairs directed toward bacterial rrna loci. two primer pairs were putatively specific for b. cepacia. the other pair, which universally amplifies a band from all bacteria, served as a control. sputum samples wer ... | 1998 | 9620393 |
| agricultural use of burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia: a threat to human health? | in the past 2 decades, burkholderia cepacia has emerged as a human pathogen causing numerous outbreaks, particularly among cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. one highly transmissible strain has spread across north america and britain, and another between hospitalized cf and non-cf patients. meanwhile, the organism has been developed as a biopesticide for protecting crops against fungal diseases and has potential as a bioremediation agent for breaking down recalcitrant herbicides and pesticides. howe ... | 1998 | 9621192 |
| detection of glycoprotein of burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 1998 | 9621212 |
| pulmonary evolution of cystic fibrosis patients colonized by pseudomonas aeruginosa and/or burkholderia cepacia. | we analysed the pulmonary evolution (radiological scores and pulmonary function) of 81 cystic fibrosis (cf) patients colonized by pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa), by burkholderia cepacia (bc) or by both these bacteria, compared to a control group. pulmonary function was compared in the age bracket 6-13 years. functional vital capacity (fvc) and forced expiratory volume (fev1) values for pa colonized patients were significantly worse than for the control group but better than for children colonized b ... | 1998 | 9625343 |
| development and characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody reactive with a 64 kda somatic antigen of burkholderia cepacia. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to burkholderia cepacia were produced from mice immunized with inactivated whole-cell antigen. for screening of resulting mabs an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used. a stable hybridoma cell line (bc-2) producing specific antibodies to a 64 kda somatic antigen from b. cepacia was established. in elisa and immunoblotting analysis the mab bc-2 recognized all tested strains of b. cepacia whereas no cross-reaction with 32 pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was ... | 1998 | 9627054 |
| biocidal activity in plant pathogenic acidovorax, burkholderia, herbaspirillum, ralstonia and xanthomonas spp. | antibacterial and antifungal activity was investigated for strains of acidovorax spp., burkholderia spp., herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans and ralstonia solanacearum; strains representing 118 species and pathovars of xanthomonas were also tested for phytotoxic capacity. antibacterial activity was present in all burkholderia spp. except b. andropogonis, in biovars ii and iii of r. solanacearum but not in biovars i and iv, and in two strains of xanthomonas. little antibacterial activity was recorde ... | 1998 | 9633641 |
| cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa: a report of a case associated with melioidosis (burkholderia pseudomallei). | | 1998 | 9646129 |
| specific binding of burkholderia pseudomallei cells and their cell-surface acid phosphatase to gangliotetraosylceramide (asialo gm1) and gangliotriaosylceramide (asialo gm2). | specific binding between bacterial cells and host tissue is an early step of the pathogenesis of infection. burkholderia pseudomallei cells, the causative micro-organisms of melioidosis, were demonstrated to bind specifically to tissue glycolipids (asialo gm1 and asialo gm2) by solid phase binding assay on thin layer chromatograms. the detection limit was around 400 pmol of the glycolipids. acid phosphatase purified from the culture filtrate of b. pseudomallei was tested for such binding propert ... | 1997 | 9656402 |
| structural basis of the chiral selectivity of pseudomonas cepacia lipase. | to investigate the enantioselectivity of pseudomonas cepacia lipase, inhibition studies were performed with sc- and rc-(rp,sp)-1,2-dialkylcarbamoylglycero-3-o-p-nitrophenyl alkylphosphonates of different alkyl chain lengths. p. cepacia lipase was most rapidly inactivated by rc-(rp,sp)-1,2-dioctylcarbamoylglycero-3-o-p-nitrophenyl octylphosphonate (rc-trioctyl) with an inactivation half-time of 75 min, while that for the sc-(rp,sp)-1,2-dioctylcarbamoylglycero-3-o-p-nitrophenyl octyl-phosphonate ( ... | 1998 | 9660188 |
| enhanced degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by directed evolution of biphenyl dioxygenase. | biphenyl dioxygenases (bp dox) from different organisms, which are involved in the initial oxygenation and subsequent degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb), are similar in structure but have different functions. the large subunit of bp dox, encoded by the bpha1 gene, is crucial for substrate selectivity. using the process of dna shuffling, we randomly recombined the bpha1 genes of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 and burkholderia cepacia lb400 and selected for genes that expressed pr ... | 1998 | 9661201 |
| brain abscesses caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is an important human pathogen in tropical areas, particularly south east asia and northern australia. a fatal case of meliodosis presenting as brain abscesses is described. the patient deteriorated despite treatment and died 21 days after admission. burkholderia pseudomallei was only isolated after administration of corticosteroids, whilst on treatment with antibiotics to which the organism later showed in vitro sensitivity. magnetic resonance imaging was more sensitiv ... | 1998 | 9661950 |
| reconstituted recombinant factor viii can be safely infused continuously for at least three days: it is a poor microbial growth medium. | reconstituted recombinant factor viii (fviiirec) loses little biologic activity at room temperature for up to seven days and continuous infusion is convenient, effective hemostatically and requires less fviiirec concentrate than treatment by conventional bolus injections. however, the potential for bacterial contamination, with proliferation to high levels that can cause bacteremia, is a concern with continuous infusion. we studied the growth properties at 4, 25 and 35 degrees c in reconstituted ... | 1998 | 9663704 |
| in vitro cleavage of the carbon-phosphorus bond of phosphonopyruvate by cell extracts of an environmental burkholderia cepacia isolate. | cell-free extracts of burkholderia cepacia strain pal6 catalysed the degradation of 3-phosphonopyruvate to pyruvate and inorganic phosphate; the products were detected in equimolar quantities. the stable in vitro activity responsible was distinct from both phosphonoactealdehyde hydrolase and phosphonoacetate hydrolase and from phosphoenolpyruvate phosphomutase and appears to represent a novel mode of carbon-phosphorus bond cleavage. | 1998 | 9675144 |
| structural determination of the o-deacetylated o-chain of lipopolysaccharide from burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia strain pvfi-5a. | on the basis of chemical degradation methods and one-and two-dimensional 1h and 13c nmr experiments the novel following structure was established for the o-deacetylated repeating unit of the o-chain of the main burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia (strain pvfi-5a) lipopolysaccharide: -->4)-beta-d-galpnac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-galp-(1-->6)-alpha-d-glcpnac-(1-->. | 1998 | 9675371 |
| microbiology of sputum from patients at cystic fibrosis centers in the united states. | during a phase iii national collaborative study of aerosolized tobramycin (1 july 1995 through 30 september 1996), the microbiology of specimens from 595 patients at 69 cystic fibrosis (cf) centers was examined. samples from three screening visits were processed in a single laboratory by means of standardized techniques for identification and susceptibility testing. from 1,753 pretreatment specimens, 5,128 pathogens were isolated (average, 2.9/specimen). of the 3,936 pseudomonas aeruginosa isola ... | 1998 | 9675470 |
| distribution of mevalonate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/pyruvate routes for isoprenoid biosynthesis in some gram-negative bacteria and mycobacteria. | labeling experiments using [1-13c]acetate or [1-13c]glucose were performed with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, with innocuous bacteria related to pathogenic species or with phytopathogenic species. the labeling pattern was determined in the isoprenic moiety of ubiquinone or menaquinone derivatives. these experiments showed that acinetobacter, citrobacter, erwinia, pseudomonas, burkholderia, ralstonia and mycobacterium synthesize their isoprenoids via the mevalonate-independent glyceraldehyde ... | 1998 | 9675863 |
| chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a new type of enantiomerically pure carbocyclic nucleoside analogues with strong inhibitory effects on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. | the synthesis of enantiomerically pure carbocyclic adenosine derivatives which have been prepared based on the kinetic resolution of a trans-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentanol derivative is described. their corresponding triphosphates were evaluated as inhibitors of dna polymerase beta, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (tdt), telomerase, escherichia coli dna polymerase i and reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus. surprisingly, the triphosphate of (1s,2r)-1-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2- ... | 1998 | 9681136 |
| detection of a new enzyme for stereoselective hydrolysis of linalyl acetate using simple plate assays for the characterization of cloned esterases from burkholderia gladioli. | plate assays were developed for the identification of specific hydrolytic activities of esterases from burkholderia gladioli, cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. clones showing different substrate specificities were identified by fluorescence or azo-dye formation caused by the released alcohol moiety of the hydrolyzed substrates, or by colour change of ph indicators mediated by decreased ph. the use of 1-hydroxypyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid (hpts-) esters and linalyl acetate for these assa ... | 1998 | 9684341 |
| phenotypic variation of lipid composition in burkholderia cepacia: a response to increased growth temperature is a greater content of 2-hydroxy acids in phosphatidylethanolamine and ornithine amide lipid. | burkholderia cepacia produces an unusual range of polar lipids, which includes two forms each of phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) and ornithine amide lipid (ol), differing in the presence or absence of 2-hydroxy fatty acids. by using chemostat cultures in chemically defined media, variations in the lipid content and the proportions of individual lipids have been studied as a function of (a) growth temperature, (b) growth rate and (c) growth-limiting nutrient (carbon, magnesium, phosphorus or oxygen ... | 1998 | 9695908 |
| activity of cefepime compared with other antibiotics against gram-positive bacteria and cefuroxime-resistant gram-negative bacteria. | cefepime is a new, parenteral, fourth-generation antibiotic that is stable in the presence of bush group 1 beta-lactamases. in vitro activity of cefepime, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and imipenem against gram-positive cocci and cefuroxime-resistant gram-negative bacilli was studied. | 1998 | 9699393 |
| aetiology and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia in singapore. | the aim of this study was to determine the aetiology and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia, and to assess whether the existing guidelines for initial antimicrobial therapy are being applied. the records of 57 consecutive nonimmunocompromised patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (icu) between january 1989 and may 1993 with this diagnosis were reviewed. the microbiological data, chest radiographic changes and outcome were analysed. nine (16%) of the 57 patients had pul ... | 1998 | 9701424 |
| stability of strain genotypes of burkholderia pseudomallei from patients with single and recurrent episodes of melioidosis. | the constancy of strain genotypes of multiple isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from 13 patients with melioidosis was examined by bamhi ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of xbai digests of dna. seven of 8 patients with single episodes of melioidosis each yielded genetically identical isolates and only one of five patients with recurrent episodes was infected with a new strain clearly distinct from the original primary strain. variation was observed in pfge patterns of pr ... | 1998 | 9705184 |
| molecular procedure for rapid detection of burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei. | a pcr procedure for the discrimination of burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei was developed. it is based on the nucleotide difference t 2143 c (t versus c at position 2143) between b. mallei and b. pseudomallei detected in the 23s rdna sequences. in comparison with conventional methods the procedure allows more rapid identification at reduced risk for infection of laboratory personnel. | 1998 | 9705426 |
| discrimination of burkholderia gladioli from other burkholderia species detectable in cystic fibrosis patients by pcr. | a procedure for molecular identification of burkholderia gladioli is described. specific 16s and 23s rrna gene signature sequences were defined as primers for pcr. the method allows rapid and specific discrimination of b. gladioli from related species (b. cepacia, b. multivorans, b. vietnamiensis, b. mallei, b. pseudomallei, ralstonia pickettii, and r. eutropha) and should contribute to the clarification of its role as a human pathogen, e.g., in cystic fibrosis. | 1998 | 9705429 |
| burkholderia cepacia: another twist and a further threat. | | 1998 | 9708220 |
| chronic burkholderia cepacia bronchiectasis in a non-cystic fibrosis individual. | infection with burkholderia cepacia due to social contact is well described in patients with cystic fibrosis. however, social transmission to non-cystic fibrosis individuals or chronic colonisation in non-cystic fibrosis individuals has not been described. a report of b cepacia bronchiectasis is presented where a previously healthy mother of two cystic fibrosis children colonised with b cepacia became infected by the same epidemic strain. the implications of this for parents, siblings, and partn ... | 1998 | 9708240 |
| cross infection between cystic fibrosis patients colonised with burkholderia cepacia. | whilst patient to patient spread of the respiratory pathogen burkholderia cepacia is well recognised between patients with cystic fibrosis, prompting a strict segregation policy, cross colonisation between cystic fibrosis patients already infected with b cepacia has not been described and surveys show a very low incidence of patients with more than one strain. five adult cystic fibrosis patients with b cepacia are presented who became cross colonised with a second b cepacia (uk epidemic) strain, ... | 1998 | 9708241 |
| resistance mechanisms in pseudomonas aeruginosa and other nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria. | nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli are still a major concern in compromised individuals. by far the most important of these organisms is pseudomonas aeruginosa, although acinetobacter baumannii (previously acinetobacter calcoaceticus), stenotrophomonas maltophilia (previously pseudomonas and xanthomonas maltophilia), and burkholderia cepacia (previously pseudomonas cepacia) are also of substantative concern because of their similar high intrinsic resistances to antibiotics. the basis for the ... | 1998 | 9710677 |
| clinical problems posed by multiresistant nonfermenting gram-negative pathogens. | in this review i will briefly survey the role of pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumanii, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and burkholderia cepacia as opportunistic pathogens. a common feature of these organisms is intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics. all of these organisms can be recovered from the environment, commonly cause device-related infections, are often resistant to disinfectants, and have the potential to spread from patient to patient via fomites or the hands of medical ... | 1998 | 9710680 |
| microbial communities of printing paper machines. | the microbial content of printing paper machines, running at a temperature of 45-50 degrees c and at ph 4.5-5, was studied. bacteria were prevalent colonizers of the machine wet end and the raw materials. a total of 390 strains of aerobic bacteria were isolated and 86% of these were identified to genus and species by biochemical, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic methods. the most common bacteria found at the machine wet end were bacillus coagulans and other bacillus species, burkholderia cepacia, ... | 1998 | 9717292 |
| rrna-targeted fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis of bacterial community structure in river water. | an improved in situ hybridization technique, hnpp-fish, using 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid 2'-phenylanilide phosphate (hnpp) and fast red tr was applied to analyse the community structure of planktonic bacteria in river water. oligonucleotide probes specific for the domain bacteria (eub338) and five bacterial groups [flavobacterium-cytophaga; burkholderia-pseudomonas (rrna iii)-authentic alcaligenes; vibrio-aeromonas; pseudomonas (rrna i): the genus acinetobacter] were used to investigate the bact ... | 1998 | 9720029 |
| novel pathway for conversion of chlorohydroxyquinol to maleylacetate in burkholderia cepacia ac1100. | burkholderia cepacia ac1100 metabolizes 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-t) via formation of 5-chlorohydroxyquinol (5-chq), hydroxyquinol (hq), maleylacetate, and beta-oxoadipate. the step(s) leading to the dechlorination of 5-chq to hq has remained unidentified. we demonstrate that a dechlorinating enzyme, tftg, catalyzes the conversion of 5-chq to hydroxybenzoquinone, which is then reduced to hq by a hydroxybenzoquinone reductase (hbq reductase). hq is subsequently converted to maleyla ... | 1998 | 9721310 |
| pyrrolnitrin from burkholderia cepacia: antibiotic activity against fungi and novel activities against streptomycetes. | a bacterial strain identified as burkholderia cepacia nb-1 was isolated from water ponds in the botanical garden in tübingen, germany, and was found to produce a broad spectrum phenylpyrrole antimicrobial substance active against filamentous fungi, yeasts and gram-positive bacteria. in batch culture containing glycerol and l-glutamic acid, the isolate nb-1 produced the antibiotic optimally late in the growth phase and accumulated a main portion in their cells. isolation and purification of the a ... | 1998 | 9721657 |
| purification and preliminary characterization of a serine hydrolase involved in the microbial degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls. | 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate (6-phenyl-hoda) hydrolase (bphd), an enzyme of the biphenyl biodegradation pathway encoded by the bphd gene of burkholderia cepacia lb400, was hyperexpressed and purified to apparent homogeneity. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed that bphd has a subunit molecular mass of 32 kda, while gel filtration demonstrated that it is a homotetramer of molecular weight 122,000. the enzyme hydrolyzed 6-phenyl-hoda with a kcat of 5.0 (+/- 0.07) s-1 and ... | 1998 | 9722515 |
| significance of airway colonization by burkholderia gladioli in lung transplant candidates. | | 1998 | 9726771 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cepacia infection in cystic fibrosis patients treated in toronto and copenhagen. | differences in the course of pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis (cf) may be altered by different treatment strategies in different cf centers. the copenhagen clinic uses scheduled, regular and very aggressive treatment of lung infection. the toronto clinic treats pulmonary infection with oral, inhaled, or intravenous antibiotics, and has emphasized aggressive nutritional therapy. this study compared the clinical status of cf patients treated in the two centers (toronto, canada, n=302, and cope ... | 1998 | 9727758 |
| killing of pseudomonas pseudomallei by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and peritoneal macrophages from chicken, sheep, swine and rabbits. | differences in the kinetics of pseudomonas pseudomallei killing by peritoneal macrophages (pm) and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmnl) from chickens, sheep, swine and rabbits were found. p. pseudomallei was rapidly killed by porcine pm and pmnl. however the bacterial killing by ovine and lapine pm and pmnl proceeded at a slower rate. in contrast, chicken pm and pmnl ingested and killed the lowest number of p. pseudomallei bacteria. the differences in the bactericidal activity of pm and pmnl from ... | 1998 | 9728410 |
| change in bacterial community during biodegradation of aniline. | the response of river water microbial communities to chemical compounds was monitored under laboratory conditions using aniline as a model. bacteria were collected from unpolluted and polluted sites. bacterial abundance (plate and total direct counting) and its relation to aniline biodegradation was examined. colony hybridization with 16s rrna oligonucleotide probes was used to study the changes in microbial community structure during biodegradation of aniline. the changes in bacterial abundance ... | 1998 | 9729107 |
| burkholderia graminis sp. nov., a rhizospheric burkholderia species, and reassessment of [pseudomonas] phenazinium, [pseudomonas] pyrrocinia and [pseudomonas] glathei as burkholderia. | in a survey of soil and wheat or maize rhizoplane bacteria isolated using a medium containing azelaic acid and tryptamine as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, a large proportion of burkholderia-like bacteria were found. among them, a homogeneous group of strains was identifiable based on phenotypic properties, fatty acid composition, dna-dna hybridizations and 16s rdna sequences. according to molecular data, this group belongs to the genus burkholderia but its weak similarity to pr ... | 1998 | 9731297 |
| channel specificity and secondary structure of the glucose-inducible porins of pseudomonas spp. | the oprb porin-mediated glucose transport system was investigated in pseudomonas chlororaphis, burkholderia cepacia, and pseudomonas fluorescens. kinetic studies of [u-14c]glucose uptake revealed an inducible system of low km values (0.3-5 microm) and high specificity for glucose. oprb homologs were purified and reconstituted into proteoliposomes. the porin function and channel preference for glucose were demonstrated by liposome swelling assays. examination of the periplasmic glucose-binding pr ... | 1998 | 9733092 |
| activities of ll-37, a cathelin-associated antimicrobial peptide of human neutrophils. | human neutrophils contain two structurally distinct types of antimicrobial peptides, beta-sheet defensins (hnp-1 to hnp-4) and the alpha-helical peptide ll-37. we used radial diffusion assays and an improved national committee for clinical laboratory standards-type broth microdilution assay to compare the antimicrobial properties of ll-37, hnp-1, and protegrin (pg-1). although generally less potent than pg-1, ll-37 showed considerable activity (mic, <10 microgram/ml) against pseudomonas aerugino ... | 1998 | 9736536 |
| outbreak of pseudomonas fluorescens bacteremia among oncology patients. | from 7 to 24 march 1997, four patients developed pseudomonas fluorescens bacteremia at the hospital; one on the oncology ward and the other three in the chemotherapy room. these patients all had underlying malignancies and had the port-a-cath (smiths industries medical systems, deltec, inc., st. paul, minn.) implants. three patients had primary bacteremia, and one had port-a-cath-related infection. none of these patients had received a blood transfusion before the episodes of bacteremia. all pat ... | 1998 | 9738043 |
| increasing resistance of planktonic and biofilm cultures of burkholderia cepacia to ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime during exponential growth. | the change in resistance of burkholderia cepacia to ceftazidime and to ciprofloxacin during the exponential phase and up to the onset of stationary phase was assessed along the growth curve in batch culture. b. cepacia was grown in planktonic culture and in a biofilm on a membrane support. resistance increased progressively during the exponential phase, being increased by ten-fold about every four generations. bacteria grown in a biofilm were about 15 times more resistant than equivalent plankto ... | 1998 | 9738832 |
| in-vitro investigation of the antibacterial activity of agents which may be used for the oral treatment of lung infections in cf patients. | the effect of triple therapy with ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim and either sulphadiazine or sulphamethoxazole on the mics and development of resistance of three strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, two strains of staphylococcus aureus and one of burkholderia cepacia was compared with that of single or dual therapy with these agents using an agar dilution method. ciprofloxacin mics were 0.2-0.8 mg/l for the p. aeruginosa and s. aureus strains. for trimethoprim the mic ranges were 64-128 and 0.25-1 mg ... | 1998 | 9738834 |
| total nutrient admixtures appear safer than lipid emulsion alone as regards microbial contamination: growth properties of microbial pathogens at room temperature. | the extraordinary growth properties of most microorganisms in 10% and 20% lipid emulsions has led to the centers for disease control and prevention recommendation that if lipids are given through an i.v. line, the administration set should be replaced every 24 hours rather than the usual 72-hour interval used for crystalloid solutions, including those used for conventional total parenteral nutrition. for nearly 15 years, parenteral alimentation has been given as a total nutrient admixture (tna), ... | 1998 | 9739032 |
| bacterial pathogens (non-mycobacterium) from sputum culture and antimicrobial susceptibility. | sputum culture of patients at siriraj hospital, bangkok was 49.84% positive for bacterial pathogens in 1994 and 40.95% in 1995. the average incidence of gram-negative rods was 3.11 fold more than the combination of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative cocci. the most common gram-negative rod was pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by either klebsiella pneumoniae or acinetobacter anitratus depending on year. the most common coccus was staphylococcus aureus. from both years, the number of haemophilu ... | 1998 | 9740278 |
| the o7 antigen of stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a linear d-rhamnan with a trisaccharide repeating unit that is also present in polymers for some pseudomonas and burkholderia species. | the o antigen polymer recovered from the reference strain for stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas or pseudomonas) maltophilia serogroup o7, after mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide, was constructed from d-rhamnose. by means of chemical degradations and nmr studies, the repeating unit of the polymer was shown to be a linear trisaccharide with the structure -->2)-alpha-d-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-d-r hap-(1-->. the same repeating unit is present in the common antigen of pseudom ... | 1998 | 9741084 |