| from pcbs to highly toxic metabolites by the biphenyl pathway. | the degradation of polychlorobiphenyls (pcbs) by diverse bacteria, including burkholderia sp. lb400, is incomplete with a concomitant accumulation of metabolic intermediates. in this study, the toxicity of diverse (chloro)biphenyls and of their biotransformation into the first two metabolic intermediates of the biphenyl pathway, were determined for the model bacterium escherichia coli. recombinant e. coli strains expressing different subsets of bph genes of strain lb400 accumulated metabolic int ... | 2004 | 15250886 |
| molecular biology of the burkholderia cepacia complex. | | 2004 | 15251276 |
| synthesis of novel spiro[2.3]hexane carbocyclic nucleosides via enzymatic resolution. | [reaction: see text] novel r- and s-spiro[2.3]hexane nucleosides have been synthesized. the key step involved the pseudomonas cepacia lipase catalyzed resolution of racemic compound 2, synthesized in seven steps starting from diethoxyketene and diethyl fumarate, to give (+)-acetate 3 and (-)-alcohol 13. (+)-acetate 3 and (-)-acetate 14 were converted to r- and s-9-(6-hydroxymethylspiro[2.3]hexane)-4-adenine, respectively. | 2004 | 15255683 |
| the complex structure of polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) granules: four orthologous and paralogous phasins occur in ralstonia eutropha. | analysis of the genome sequence of the polyhydroxyalkanoate- (pha) accumulating bacterium ralstonia eutropha strain h16 revealed three homologues (phap2, phap3 and phap4) of the phasin protein phap1. phap1 is known to constitute the major component of the layer at the surface of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), poly(3hb), granules. phap2, phap3 and phap4 exhibited 42, 49 and 45 % identity or 61, 62 and 63 % similarity to phap1, respectively. the calculated molecular masses of phap1, phap2, phap3 and pha ... | 2004 | 15256572 |
| bacterial adhesion to glass and metal-oxide surfaces. | metal oxides can increase the adhesion of negatively-charged bacteria to surfaces primarily due to their positive charge. however, the hydrophobicity of a metal-oxide surface can also increase adhesion of bacteria. in order to understand the relative contribution of charge and hydrophobicity to bacterial adhesion, we measured the adhesion of 8 strains of bacteria, under conditions of low and high-ionic strength (1 and 100 mm, respectively) to 11 different surfaces and examined adhesion as a func ... | 2004 | 15261011 |
| transesterification activity of lipases immobilized in a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix. | lipases from pseudomonas cepacia (p.c.) and thermomyces lanuginosa (t.l.) were immobilized in a phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix and studied for their ability to catalyze the alcoholysis of fats and oils to simple alkyl esters. at 50 degrees c and 48 h reaction immobilized t.l. lipase gave higher alkyl ester yields (70 to 100%) from fats and oils regardless of chain length or degree of unsaturation of the acyl groups in the triacylglycerols than did immobilized p.c. lipase (20-90%), which preferred ... | 2004 | 15269541 |
| immunostimulatory cpg oligodeoxynucleotide confers protection in a murine model of infection with burkholderia pseudomallei. | although cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (cpg odns) are known to enhance resistance against infection in a number of animal models, little is known about the cpg-induced protection against acute fatal sepsis such as that associated with the highly virulent bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. we previously demonstrated in an in vitro study that immunostimulatory cpg odn 1826 enhances phagocytosis of b. pseudomallei and induces nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production by mouse macrophages. in ... | 2004 | 15271908 |
| comparison of the susceptibilities of burkholderia pseudomallei to meropenem and ceftazidime by conventional and intracellular methods. | the effect of the two antibiotics ceftazidime and meropenem on a collection of 46 burkholderia pseudomallei isolates representing clinical and environmental sources across northern australia was investigated by using a series of in vitro test methods. the susceptibility testing methods used included kirby-bauer disk diffusion, etest mic, broth microdilution mic, and a modification of the microdilution method in which acanthamoeba cells were added to simulate the effect of a professional phagocyt ... | 2004 | 15273112 |
| burkholderia unamae sp. nov., an n2-fixing rhizospheric and endophytic species. | it was shown recently that the genus burkholderia is rich in n2-fixing bacteria that are associated with plants. a group of these diazotrophic isolates with identical or very similar 16s rdna restriction patterns [designated amplified rdna restriction analysis (ardra) genotypes 13, 14 and 15] was selected and a polyphasic taxonomic study was performed, which included new isolates that were recovered from rhizospheres, rhizoplanes or internal tissues of maize, sugarcane and coffee plants. morphol ... | 2004 | 15280286 |
| catalase-peroxidases (katg) exhibit nadh oxidase activity. | catalase-peroxidases (katg) produced by burkholderia pseudomallei, escherichia coli, and mycobacterium tuberculosis catalyze the oxidation of nadh to form nad+ and either h2o2 or superoxide radical depending on ph. the nadh oxidase reaction requires molecular oxygen, does not require hydrogen peroxide, is not inhibited by superoxide dismutase or catalase, and has a ph optimum of 8.75, clearly differentiating it from the peroxidase and catalase reactions with ph optima of 5.5 and 6.5, respectivel ... | 2004 | 15280362 |
| recurrent endophthalmitis caused by burkholderia cepacia. | | 2005 | 15286665 |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia. | | 2004 | 15287393 |
| attenuated virulence and protective efficacy of a burkholderia pseudomallei bsa type iii secretion mutant in murine models of melioidosis. | melioidosis is a severe infectious disease of animals and humans caused by the gram-negative intracellular pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei. an inv/mxi-spa-like type iii protein secretion apparatus, encoded by the b. pseudomallei bsa locus, facilitates bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, escape from endocytic vesicles and intracellular survival. this study investigated the role of the bsa type iii secretion system in the pathogenesis of melioidosis in murine models. b. pseudomallei bipd mu ... | 2004 | 15289563 |
| protein engineering of toluene ortho-monooxygenase of burkholderia cepacia g4 for regiospecific hydroxylation of indole to form various indigoid compounds. | previous work showed that random mutagenesis produced a mutant of toluene ortho-monooxygenase (tom) of burkholderia cepacia g4 containing the v106a substitution in the hydroxylase alpha-subunit (toma3) that changed the color of the cell suspension from wild-type brown to green in rich medium. here, dna shuffling was used to isolate a random tom mutant that turned blue due to mutation toma3 a113v. to better understand the tom reaction mechanism, we studied the specificity of indole hydroxylation ... | 2005 | 15290130 |
| quorum-sensing antagonist (5z)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-3-butyl-2(5h)-furanone influences siderophore biosynthesis in pseudomonas putida and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | siderophore synthesis of pseudomonas putida f1 was found to be regulated by quorum sensing since normalized siderophore production (per cell) increased 4.2-fold with cell density after the cells entered middle exponential phase; similarly, normalized siderophore concentrations in pseudomonas aeruginosa jb2 increased 28-fold, and a 5.5-fold increase was seen for p. aeruginosa pao1. further evidence of the link between quorum sensing and siderophore synthesis of p. putida f1 was that the quorum-se ... | 2005 | 15290134 |
| chemotaxis of pseudomonas stutzeri ox1 and burkholderia cepacia g4 toward chlorinated ethenes. | the chemotactic responses of pseudomonas putida f1, burkholderia cepacia g4, and pseudomonas stutzeri ox1 were investigated toward toluene, trichloroethylene (tce), tetrachloroethylene (pce), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-dce), trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (trans-dce), 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-dce), and vinyl chloride (vc). p. stutzeri ox1 and p. putida f1 were chemotactic toward toluene, pce, tce, all dces, and vc. b. cepacia g4 was chemotactic toward toluene, pce, tce, cis-dce, 1,1-dce, and vc. ... | 2005 | 15290136 |
| biphenyl and benzoate metabolism in a genomic context: outlining genome-wide metabolic networks in burkholderia xenovorans lb400. | we designed and successfully implemented the use of in situ-synthesized 45-mer oligonucleotide dna microarrays (xeochips) for genome-wide expression profiling of burkholderia xenovorans lb400, which is among the best aerobic polychlorinated biphenyl degraders known so far. we conducted differential gene expression profiling during exponential growth on succinate, benzoate, and biphenyl as sole carbon sources and investigated the transcriptome of early-stationary-phase cells grown on biphenyl. ba ... | 2004 | 15294836 |
| production of exopolysaccharide by burkholderia cenocepacia results in altered cell-surface interactions and altered bacterial clearance in mice. | despite the characterization of some burkholderia cepacia complex exopolysaccharides (epss), little is known about the role of epss in the pathogenicity of b. cepacia complex organisms. we describe 2 burkholderia cenocepacia (genomovar iii) isolates obtained from a patient with cystic fibrosis (cf): the nonmucoid isolate c8963 and the mucoid isolate c9343. both isolates had identical random amplified polymorphic dna patterns. c9343 produced a capsule composed of the epss ps-i and ps-ii, as well ... | 2004 | 15295701 |
| two novel clinical presentations of burkholderia cepacia infection. | we report two cases of multidrug-resistant burkholderia cepacia (b. cepacia genomovar i) and burkholderia multivorans causing multiple liver abscesses in a patient with bronchial asthma (case 1) and peritonitis in a patient with cirrhosis and hepatitis c virus disease (case 2), respectively. both patients were treated successfully. | 2004 | 15297563 |
| a proposed scoring system for predicting mortality in melioidosis. | melioidosis, due to infection with the environmental organism burkholderia pseudomallei, continues to be associated with high mortality despite improvements in antibiotic therapy. using simple clinical findings and baseline laboratory tests available at the time of admission, we attempted to define those patients with acute melioidosis who were at higher risk of death. using data, collected prospectively from the period october 1989 to june 2002, from patients with acute culture-confirmed melioi ... | 2003 | 15307431 |
| identification and biodegradation potential of tropical aerobic hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms. | screening of aerobic culturable hydrocarbon (hc)-degrading microorganisms isolated from petroleum-polluted soils and cyanobacterial mats from indonesia resulted in the collection of 33 distinct species. eight bacteria, 21 fungi and 4 yeasts were identified to the specific level by molecular and phenotypic techniques. bacterial strains belonged to the genera gordonia, brevibacterium, aeromicrobium, dietzia, burkholderia and mycobacterium. four species are new and not yet described. fungi belonged ... | 2004 | 15313261 |
| common oligosaccharide moieties inhibit the adherence of typical and atypical respiratory pathogens. | intervention in bacterial adhesion to host cells is a novel method of overcoming current problems associated with antibiotic resistance. antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria that cause respiratory tract infections are a problem in hospitals and could be used in bioterrorist attacks. a range of bacterial species was demonstrated to attach to an alveolar epithelial (a549) cell line. in all cases, cell surface oligosaccharides were important in attachment, demonstrated by reduced adhesion when ... | 2004 | 15314189 |
| identification of a novel two-partner secretion system from burkholderia pseudomallei. | two adjacent genes, bpaa and bpab, whose products display significant similarity to a number of two-partner secretion (tps) systems have been identified in burkholderia pseudomallei strain 08, but are absent from the closely related avirulent species b. thailandensis. they possess a number of sequence features characteristic of tps systems, including the presence of an npngi motif in a region of bpaa which strongly resembles a tps secretion domain. bpaa is a very large protein (approximately 530 ... | 2004 | 15316770 |
| contribution of burkholderia cenocepacia flagella to infectivity and inflammation. | burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. to understand the contribution of b. cenocepacia flagella to infection, a strain mutated in the major flagellin subunit, flicii, was constructed in b. cenocepacia k56-2 and tested in a murine agar bead model of lung infection. c57/bl6 mice infected with approximately 10(8) wild-type k56-2 bacteria exhibited 40% mortality after 3 days, whereas no mortality was noted in mice inf ... | 2004 | 15322006 |
| beta-lactamase production and antimicrobial susceptibility of subgingival bacteria from refractory periodontitis. | this study assessed the extent of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in subgingival plaque samples obtained from 25 patients with refractory marginal periodontitis in the usa. beta-lactamase-positive isolates were characterized using commercial diagnostic kits and partial sequencing of the 16s rrna gene. the susceptibilities to different antimicrobial agents were tested and, in addition, the isolates were screened for the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls). beta-lactamase-produ ... | 2004 | 15327642 |
| influence of plants on the chemical extractability and biodegradability of 2,4-dichlorophenol in soil. | this study investigated the fate and behaviour of [ul-(14)c] 2,4-dichlorophenol (dcp) in planted (lolium perenne l.) and unplanted soils over 57 days. extractability of [ul-(14)c] 2,4-dcp associated activity was measured using calcium chloride (cacl(2)), acetonitrile-water and dichloromethane (dcm) extractions. biodegradability of [ul-(14)c] 2,4-dcp associated activity was assessed through measurement of (14)co(2) production by a degrader inoculum (burkholderia sp.). although extractability and ... | 2005 | 15327856 |
| expression and refolding of omp38 from burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis, and its function as a diffusion porin. | in the present paper, we describe cloning and expression of two outer membrane proteins, bpsomp38 (from burkholderia pseudomallei) and bthomp38 (from burkholderia thailandensis) lacking signal peptide sequences, using the pet23d(+) expression vector and escherichia coli host strain origami(de3). the 38 kda proteins, expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies, were purified, solubilized in 8 m urea, and then subjected to refolding experiments. as seen on sds/page, the 38 kda band completely migrated ... | 2004 | 15329048 |
| protein engineering of toluene 4-monooxygenase of pseudomonas mendocina kr1 for synthesizing 4-nitrocatechol from nitrobenzene. | after discovering that toluene 4-monooxygenase (t4mo) of pseudomonas mendocina kr1 oxidizes nitrobenzene to 4-nitrocatechol, albeit at a very low rate, this reaction was improved using directed evolution and saturation mutagenesis. screening 550 colonies from a random mutagenesis library generated by error-prone pcr of tmoab using escherichia coli tg1/pbs(kan)t4mo on agar plates containing nitrobenzene led to the discovery of nitrocatechol-producing mutants. one mutant, nb1, contained six amino ... | 2004 | 15329936 |
| experimental burkholderia pseudomallei infection of pigs. | experimental infection with burkholderia pseudomallei was successfully produced after a single intravenous challenge of 2-month-old pigs with a dose of 5.0 x 10(9) bacterial cells. clinical, paraclinical and morphological findings of the infectious process and post-infectious immunity were examined up to day 30 post infection (p.i.). a transient and short hyperthermia accompanied by enhanced and longer demonstrated pulse frequency. an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and tachypnea were o ... | 2004 | 15330982 |
| melioidosis in a traveller from thailand: case report. | a 42-year old italian male with type 2 diabetes and hcv-related chronic hepatitis spent 6 months in thailand. after his return in june 2002 he was admitted to the infectious diseases unit of the hospital of livorno (italy) because of fever, chest pain and skin abscesses in the legs. chest x-rays and ct scan revealed multiple bilateral cavitary lesions in the lungs. ultrasonography and ct scan showed numerous subcentimetric spleen abscesses. burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from the cutaneo ... | 2004 | 15332718 |
| non-septicemic burkholderia pseudomallei liver abscess in a young man. | melioidosis, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, has been increasingly recognized in taiwan recently. its isolation in liver abscess is rare compared to pulmonary melioidosis. we report a case of liver abscess due to b. pseudomallei in an immunocompetent 27-year-old male soldier admitted due to fever, sore throat and mild non-productive cough for 1 week. physical examination was unremarkable except for congestion of the pharyngeal wall, moderate enlargement of the tonsils without pus coating, a ... | 2004 | 15340656 |
| involvement of a plasmid-encoded type iv secretion system in the plant tissue watersoaking phenotype of burkholderia cenocepacia. | burkholderia cenocepacia strain k56-2, a representative of the burkholderia cepacia complex, is part of the epidemic and clinically problematic et12 lineage. the strain produced plant tissue watersoaking (ptw) on onion tissue, which is a plant disease-associated trait. using plasposon mutagenesis, mutants in the ptw phenotype were generated. the translated sequence of a disrupted gene (ptwd4) from a ptw-negative mutant showed homology to vird4-like proteins. analysis of the region proximal to th ... | 2004 | 15342570 |
| evolution of the biphenyl dioxygenase bpha from burkholderia xenovorans lb400 by random mutagenesis of multiple sites in region iii. | it is now established that several amino acids of region iii of the biphenyl dioxygenase (bpdo) alpha subunit are involved in substrate recognition and regiospecificity toward chlorobiphenyls. however, the sequence pattern of the amino acids of that segment of seven amino acids located in the c-terminal portion of the alpha subunit is rather limited in bpdos of natural occurrence. in this work, we have randomly mutated simultaneously four residues (thr(335)-phe(336)-ile(338)-ile(341)) of region ... | 2004 | 15342624 |
| revisiting the regiospecificity of burkholderia xenovorans lb400 biphenyl dioxygenase toward 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl and 2,3,2',3'-tetrachlorobiphenyl. | 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl (cb) is transformed by the biphenyl dioxygenase of burkholderia xenovorans lb400 (lb400 bpdo) into two metabolites (1 and 2). the most abundant metabolite, 1, was previously identified as 2,3-dihydroxy-2'-chlorobiphenyl and was presumed to originate from the initial attack by the oxygenase on the chlorine-bearing ortho carbon and on its adjacent meta carbon of one phenyl ring. 2,3,2',3'-tetrachlorobiphenyl is transformed by lb400 bpdo into two metabolites that had never bee ... | 2004 | 15342625 |
| requirement of a relatively high threshold level of mg(2+) for cell growth of a rhizoplane bacterium, sphingomonas yanoikuyae ec-s001. | mg(2+) is one of the essential elements for bacterial cell growth. the presence of the magnesium cation (mg(2+)) in various concentrations often affects cell growth restoration in plant-associating bacteria. this study attempted to determine whether mg(2+) levels in sphingomonas yanoikuyae ec-s001 affected cell growth restoration in the host plant and what the threshold level is. s. yanoikuyae ec-s001, isolated from the rhizoplane of spinach seedlings grown from surface-sterilized seeds under as ... | 2004 | 15345402 |
| implications of amino acid substitutions in gyra at position 83 in terms of oxolinic acid resistance in field isolates of burkholderia glumae, a causal agent of bacterial seedling rot and grain rot of rice. | oxolinic acid (oa), a quinolone, inhibits the activity of dna gyrase composed of gyra and gyrb and shows antibacterial activity against burkholderia glumae. since b. glumae causes bacterial seedling rot and grain rot of rice, both of which are devastating diseases, the emergence of oa-resistant bacteria has important implications on rice cultivation in japan. based on the mic of oa, 35 b. glumae field isolates isolated from rice seedlings grown from oa-treated seeds in japan were divided into se ... | 2004 | 15345450 |
| amplification and attenuation of tetracycline resistance in soil bacteria: aquifer column experiments. | a growing inefficacy of antimicrobial agents to treat infectious diseases has stimulated research on the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria in the environment. sustained exposure of soil microorganisms to tetracycline (tc) in flow-through columns (50mg/l influent) significantly decreased the effluent concentration of total heterotrophs and selected for tc-resistant (tet(r)) soil bacteria. this suggests that tc released to the environment from animal farms may contribute to the deve ... | 2004 | 15350422 |
| enantioselective synthesis of imperanene via enzymatic asymmetrization of an intermediary 1,3-diol. | [reaction: see text] using a chemoenzymatic synthetic strategy, (s)-imperanene and its (r)-enantiomer has been synthesized from vanillin in nine steps. the key step in the synthesis involves the use of pseudomonas cepacia lipase (ps-30) to induce asymmetrization of the intermediary prochiral 1,3-diol in >97% ee. | 2004 | 15355036 |
| expression and purification of a recombinant scfv towards the exotoxin of the pathogen, burkholderia pseudomallei. | a single chain variable fragment (scfv) specific towards b. pseudomallei exotoxin had previously been generated from an existing hybridoma cell line (6e6af83b) and cloned into the phage display vector pcomb3h. in this study, the scfv was subcloned into the pcomb3x vector to facilitate the detection and purification of expressed antibodies. detection was facilitated by the presence of a hemagglutinin (ha) tag, and purification was facilitated by the presence of a histidine tag. the culture was gr ... | 2004 | 15357306 |
| characterizing uncommon burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from an outbreak in a haemodialysis unit. | an outbreak of bacteraemia in a haemodialysis unit where 65 episodes of infection involved 35 outpatients is reported. burkholderia cepacia complex was the agent most frequently recovered from blood. thirty-three environmental and clinical isolates of b. cepacia complex were characterized by whole-cell protein electrophoresis and reca-rflp profile. fourteen isolates were genomovar i and 16 isolates were not classifiable by their reca-rflp pattern. ribotyping, random amplification of polymorphic ... | 2004 | 15358822 |
| pandoraea bacteremia in a cystic fibrosis patient with associated systemic illness. | pandoraea is a recently classified genus primarily isolated from the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients, but its pathogenic potential is unknown. we describe a case of pandoraea bacteremia in a 16-year-old cystic fibrosis patient associated with clinical disease, suggesting that this organism should be considered a true pathogen in susceptible patients. | 2004 | 15361734 |
| hemophagocytic syndrome and burkholderia cepacia splenic microabscesses in a child with chronic granulomatous disease. | hemophagocytic syndrome, splenic microabscesses and pulmonary cavitary lesions were presented in a 17-month-old boy with prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly and a history of tuberculous lymphadenitis. clinical course mimicked tuberculosis. blood cultures were negative. ultrasound-guided, percutaneous aspiration from splenic microabscesses grew burkholderia cepacia. he was treated successfully with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. this child with chronic granulomatous disease had an unusual clinica ... | 2004 | 15361735 |
| the changing pattern of bloodstream infections associated with the rise in hiv prevalence in northeastern thailand. | a survey of bloodstream infections was conducted in the large regional hospital in ubon ratchatani, northeastern thailand between 1989 and 1998, during the onset of the hiv epidemic. the incidence of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella/enterobacter and pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemias remained constant whereas infections caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, non-typhoid salmonellae, cryptococcus neoformans, penicillum marneffei and to a lesser extent streptococcus pneumoniae al ... | 2004 | 15363648 |
| detection of bacterial dna in blood samples from febrile patients: underestimated infection or emerging contamination? | we applied real-time broad-range polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect bacteraemia in blood from febrile patients. interpretation of amplification results in relation to clinical data and blood culture outcome was complex, although the reproducibility of the pcr results was good. sequencing analysis of the pcr products revealed the presence of burkholderia species dna while no burkholderia species grew in culture. the source of this contamination was shown to be the commercial dna isolation ... | 2004 | 15364111 |
| correlation of wbii genotype, serotype, and isolate source within species of the burkholderia cepacia complex. | gram-negative bacteria of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) are opportunistic pathogens that can infect the lungs of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients and can be transmitted among these patients, causing epidemics in the cf community. lipopolysaccharide (lps) is an important virulence factor of many gram-negative bacteria, with the o antigen component of lps being responsible for serotype specificity. the goal of this work was to develop a genetic method of determining the serotype of bcc isola ... | 2004 | 15364998 |
| isolation and identification of burkholderia cepacia by participants in an external quality assurance program (qap) between 1994 and 1999. | external quality assurance programs (qaps) provide an opportunity to benchmark laboratory performance according to the profile of specimens received. participant confidentiality is maintained within each group of laboratories whose performance is measured using similar, repetitive exercises. isolation and identification of burkholderia cepacia from simulated cystic fibrosis (cf) sputa was a clinically relevant exercise that provided a model for this analytical approach. | 2004 | 15370136 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei stimulates low interleukin-8 production in the human lung epithelial cell line a549. | melioidosis is a life-threatening disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. the lung is the most commonly affected organ, resulting in abscess formation in patients with chronic melioidosis. previous study has shown that b. pseudomallei was able to invade and multiply in epithelial cells. in the present study, we have demonstrated that b. pseudomallei is able to stimulate interleukin 8 (il-8) production from the human alveolar lung epithelium cell line a549. however, the level of il-8 product ... | 2004 | 15373906 |
| structural flexibility in the burkholderia mallei genome. | the complete genome sequence of burkholderia mallei atcc 23344 provides insight into this highly infectious bacterium's pathogenicity and evolutionary history. b. mallei, the etiologic agent of glanders, has come under renewed scientific investigation as a result of recent concerns about its past and potential future use as a biological weapon. genome analysis identified a number of putative virulence factors whose function was supported by comparative genome hybridization and expression profili ... | 2004 | 15377793 |
| genomic plasticity of the causative agent of melioidosis, burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a recognized biothreat agent and the causative agent of melioidosis. this gram-negative bacterium exists as a soil saprophyte in melioidosis-endemic areas of the world and accounts for 20% of community-acquired septicaemias in northeastern thailand where half of those affected die. here we report the complete genome of b. pseudomallei, which is composed of two chromosomes of 4.07 megabase pairs and 3.17 megabase pairs, showing significant functional partitioning of g ... | 2004 | 15377794 |
| adaptive immunity in melioidosis: a possible role for t cells in determining outcome of infection with burkholderia pseudomallei. | melioidosis is a potentially fatal disease caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. individuals with subclinical melioidosis have no apparent clinical signs or symptoms, and are identified only by positive serology. the present study is the first to investigate cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses following in vitro stimulation with b. pseudomallei antigens in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc), collected under field conditions in papua new guinea (png) from individuals with exp ... | 2004 | 15380526 |
| contamination of hand wash detergent linked to occupationally acquired melioidosis. | two mechanics working at a garage in tropical northern australia simultaneously developed upper limb melioidosis ulcers. both patients had burkholderia pseudomallei of identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) type (spe i). environmental sampling identified b. pseudomallei in a container of commercial hand wash detergent as the likely source of infection, although there were multiple isolates of different pfge types to the clinical isolates. | 2004 | 15381819 |
| persistence of burkholderia multivorans within the pulmonary macrophage in the murine lung. | differences in infection kinetics and host response between burkholderia multivorans and burkholderia cenocepacia were demonstrated in a pulmonary infection model in balb/c mice. b. multivorans persisted in the lung, while b. cenocepacia was cleared. indirect immunofluorescence and electron microscopy of b. multivorans-infected lungs localized bacteria to macrophages. clearance of b. cenocepacia was associated with greater interleukin-1beta and neutrophil responses than the responses induced by ... | 2004 | 15385520 |
| bioremediation of quinoline-contaminated soil using bioaugmentation in slurry-phase reactor. | to investigate the possibility of using bioaugmentation as a strategy for remediating quinoline-contaminated soil. | 2004 | 15386944 |
| classification of the biphenyl- and polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading strain lb400t and relatives as burkholderia xenovorans sp. nov. | strain lb400t is the best-studied polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) degrader. this organism has previously been allocated in the genus burkholderia, since its 16s rrna gene sequence shows 98.6 % sequence similarity to the type strains of burkholderia graminis and burkholderia terricola. a polyphasic study was undertaken to clarify the actual taxonomic position of this biotechnologically important organism and of two strains, one recovered from a blood culture vial and one from a coffee plant rhizos ... | 2004 | 15388727 |
| structure of the c-terminal domain of the catalase-peroxidase katg from escherichia coli. | catalase-peroxidases or katgs, the apparent in vivo activators of the anti-tubercular pro-drug isoniazid, are active as homodimers, each subunit having two distinct but sequence- and structure-related domains. the n-terminal domain contains the haem group and is catalytically active, while the c-terminal domain lacks the cofactor. the c-terminal domain of katg from escherichia coli is expressed as a soluble protein which has been crystallized in triclinic, orthorhombic and tetragonal crystal for ... | 2004 | 15388929 |
| functional characterization of a prokaryotic kir channel. | the kir gene family encodes inward rectifying k+ (kir) channels that are widespread and critical regulators of excitability in eukaryotic cells. a related gene family (kirbac) has recently been identified in prokaryotes. while a crystal structure of one member, kir-bac1.1, has been solved, there has been no functional characterization of any kirbac gene products. here we present functional characterization of kirbac1.1 reconstituted in liposomes. utilizing a 86rb+ uptake assay, we demonstrate th ... | 2004 | 15448150 |
| severe community-acquired pneumonia and sepsis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei associated with flooding in puerto rico. | burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis) is usually found in endemic areas of southeast asia and northern australia. however, a few cases of confirmed melioidosis indigenous to puerto rico and the americas have been reported previously. we describe the occurrence of a b. pseudomallei infection in a female with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus exposed to flood waters in puerto rico. we conclude that b. pseudomallei should be considered a potential pathogen in high-risk patients with severe comm ... | 2003 | 15449787 |
| negatively charged residues and hydrogen bonds tune the ligand histidine pka values of rieske iron-sulfur proteins. | rieske proteins carry a redox-active iron-sulfur cluster, which is bound by two histidine and two cysteine side chains. the reduction potential of rieske proteins depends on ph. this ph dependence can be described by two pk(a) values, which have been assigned to the two iron-coordinating histidines. rieske proteins are commonly grouped into two major classes: rieske proteins from quinol-oxidizing cytochrome bc complexes, in which the ligand histidines titrate in the physiological ph range, and b ... | 2004 | 15449929 |
| an immunocompromised host with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. | | 2004 | 15460499 |
| rates of the phthalate dioxygenase reaction with oxygen are dramatically increased by interactions with phthalate and phthalate oxygenase reductase. | the phthalate dioxygenase system, which catalyzes the dihydroxylation of phthalate to form its cis-dihydrodiol (dhd), has two components: phthalate dioxygenase (pdo), a multimer with one rieske-type [2fe-2s] and one fe(ii) center per monomer, and phthalate dioxygenase reductase (pdr), which contains flavin mononucleotide (fmn) and a plant-like ferredoxin [2fe-2s] center. pdr is responsible for transferring electrons from nadh to the rieske center of pdo, and the rieske center supplies electrons ... | 2004 | 15461452 |
| burkholderia cepacia genomovar iii and burkholderia vietnamiensis double infection in a cystic fibrosis child. | herein we report a case of a cystic fibrosis child who was simultaneously infected with burkholderia cepacia genomovar iii and burkholderia vietnamiensis. after antimicrobial therapy only b. cepacia genomovar iii persisted. | 2002 | 15463830 |
| insights into cystic fibrosis microbiology from the european tobramycin trial in cystic fibrosis. | the infection of the airways of cystic fibrosis patients by pseudomonas aeruginosa is a complex, multistaged process that is associated with a deterioration of lung function. the complexity of the formation of biofilms and their interaction with the immune system means that treatment with antibiotics has been an uncertain science. tobramycin nebuliser solution (tns) is a novel formulation of the antibiotic tobramycin developed specifically for inhalation. a recent large trial comparing tns with ... | 2002 | 15463836 |
| granulomatous diseases in a patient with cystic fibrosis. | we report the case of an adult with crohn's disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis on the background of cystic fibrosis (cf). there is a recognized association between crohn's colitis and cf, but cases of pulmonary sarcoidosis in cf are rare. there may be a pathogenic link between the two granulomatous disorders and cf with chronic immune stimulation leading to hyperimmunoglobulinemia, circulating immune complexes and subsequent granuloma formation. | 2003 | 15463844 |
| burkholderia cepacia complex infection in adult patients with cystic fibrosis--is early eradication possible? | | 2003 | 15463878 |
| clinical outcome of burkholderia cepacia complex infection in cystic fibrosis adults. | the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is one of the most important groups of organisms infecting cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. the aim of the study was to examine how infection with bcc affects clinical outcome. | 2004 | 15463892 |
| 'cepacia syndrome' with burkholderia multivorans, 9 years after initial colonization. | a 16-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis developed 'cepacia syndrome' 9 years after the first isolation of burkholderia multivorans. it is important to recognise that 'cepacia syndrome' is not restricted to those infected with genomovar type iii strains and that rapid, irreversible clinical decline can occur many years after the 1st isolation of burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc). | 2004 | 15463897 |
| antibiograms of resistant gram-negative bacteria from scottish cf patients. | over a 19-month pilot phase, 93 multiply resistant gram-negative isolates from scottish cystic fibrosis patients were sent to a referral laboratory for further investigation. | 2004 | 15463901 |
| molecular epidemiology of pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia cepacia complex and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in a cystic fibrosis center. | chronic pulmonary infections caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia cepacia complex and staphylococcus aureus are responsible for most of the morbidity and mortality of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). little is known about the routes of transmission of these pathogens from environmental or hospital sources to the patients. we hypothesised that strains of p. aeruginosa, b. cepacia complex and methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) are nosocomially acquired by cf patients. bacterial is ... | 2004 | 15463902 |
| exopolysaccharides produced by burkholderia cenocepacia reca lineages iiia and iiib. | clinical and environmental strains of burkholderia cenocepacia belonging to the reca lineages iiia and iiib were examined for exopolysaccharide (eps) production. the exopolysaccharides structure was determined using mainly gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and nmr spectroscopy. all the strains produced cepacian, a highly branched polysaccharide constituted of a heptasaccharide repeating unit, composed of one rhamnose, one glucose, one glucuronic acid, one mannose and three galactos ... | 2004 | 15463903 |
| quorum quenching: enzymatic disruption of n-acylhomoserine lactone-mediated bacterial communication in burkholderia thailandensis. | many species of gram-negative bacteria communicate by synthesizing, secreting, and responding to n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls), a mechanism termed quorum sensing. several investigations have characterized numerous ahl-degrading enzymes (aiia lactonases) encoded by environmental isolates of bacillus spp. the burkholderia thailandensis quorum system is comprised of at least three ahl synthases (ahss) and five transcriptional regulators belonging to the luxir class of proteins. expression of the ... | 2004 | 15466564 |
| species distribution and ribotype diversity of burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from french patients with cystic fibrosis. | a total of 153 burkholderia cepacia strains obtained from 153 french patients with cystic fibrosis were identified as burkholderia multivorans (51.6%) or burkholderia cenocepacia (45.1%). eighty-two genotypes were identified using pvuii and ecori ribotyping. b. multivorans genotype a (found in 32 french patients) and two other genotypes were also identified among isolates from austrian, german, italian, and canadian patients. | 2004 | 15472352 |
| preliminary report on the northern australian melioidosis environmental surveillance project. | an environmental surveillance programme was developed to determine whether water supplies could be a source of burkholderia pseudomallei as noted during previous melioidosis outbreak investigations. water supplies to communities in the three northern australian jurisdictions (western australia, northern territory and queensland) were sampled periodically during 2001 and 2002. water and soil samples were collected from communities known to have had recent culture-positive melioidosis cases and ne ... | 2004 | 15473143 |
| pseudo-outbreak of burkholderia cepacia in a neonatal intensive care unit. | | 2004 | 15474189 |
| the antibacterial principle of caesalpina sappan. | using a bioassay-directed purification scheme, the active antibacterial principle from caesalpina sappan was isolated and identified to be brasilin. this compound showed potent activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, notably methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre), multi-drug resistant burkholderia cepacia as well as a number of other bacteria. the minimal inhibitory concentrations ranged from 4 to 32 microg/ml. the results from time- ... | 2004 | 15476302 |
| ocurrence of the antibiotic producing bacterium burkholderia sp. in colonies of the leaf-cutting ant atta sexdens rubropilosa. | fungus garden material from recently established atta sexdens rubropilosa colonies (6-12 months old) was sampled to detect antibiotic producing microorganisms that inhibited the growth of pathogens of insects and of the fungus gardens but did not affect their mutualistic fungus. a bacterium with activity against the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana was isolated from 56% of the gardens tested (n=57) and identified from its biochemical profile and from 16s and 23s ribosomal dna sequences ... | 2004 | 15476982 |
| neutralizing chimeric mouse-human antibodies against burkholderia pseudomallei protease: expression, purification and characterization. | a recombinant fab monoclonal antibody (fab) c37, previously obtained by phage display and biopanning of a random antibody fragment library against burkholderia pseudomallei protease, was expressed in different strains of escherichia coli. e. coli strain hb2151 was deemed a more suitable host for fab expression than other e. coli strains when grown in media supplemented with 0.2 % glycerol. the expressed fab fragment was purified by affinity chromatography on a protein g-sepharose column, and the ... | 2004 | 15479619 |
| pcr-based identification and characterization of burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria from clinical and environmental sources. | to study the genotypic identification and characterization of the 119 burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) strains recovered from clinical and environmental sources in japan and thailand. | 2004 | 15482431 |
| use of heterotrophic co2 assimilation as a measure of metabolic activity in planktonic and sessile bacteria. | we have examined whether assimilation of co2 can be used as a measure of metabolic activity in planktonic and sessile heterotrophic bacteria. co2 assimilation by environmental samples and pure cultures of heterotrophic bacteria was studied using 14co2 and 13co2 as tracers. heterotrophic growth on complex organic substrates resulted in assimilation of co2 into cell biomass by activated sludge, drinking water biofilm, and pure cultures of escherichia coli atcc 25922, es. coli atcc 13706, rhodococc ... | 2004 | 15488281 |
| polyphasic characterisation of burkholderia cepacia-like isolates leading to the emended description of burkholderia pyrrocinia. | twenty-five burkholderia cepacia-like isolates of human and environmental origin, comprising five different reca rflp types, were examined by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach, including reca gene sequence analysis, 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, dna:dna hybridisation studies, tdna-pcr, fatty acid analysis and biochemical analysis. the results of the present study demonstrated that twenty-three of these strains belong to burkholderia pyrrocinia, a b. cepacia complex species thus far compri ... | 2004 | 15490552 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cepacia in cystic fibrosis: genome evolution, interactions and adaptation. | the gram-negative bacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cepacia are opportunistic human pathogens that are responsible for severe nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients and are the major pathogens in cystic fibrosis (cf). the two bacteria not only inhabit the same environmental niches but can also form mixed biofilms in the lungs of cf patients. hence, it appears very likely that the two organisms are capable of interacting with each other. work of the past few years has ... | 2004 | 15493822 |
| role of quorum sensing in the pathogenicity of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of human and animal melioidosis. the role of quorum sensing (qs) in the in vivo pathogenicity of b. pseudomallei via inhalational exposure of balb/c mice and intraperitoneal challenge of syrian hamsters has not been reported. this investigation demonstrates that b. pseudomallei encodes a minimum of three luxi and five luxr homologues that are involved in animal pathogenicity. mass spectrometry analysis of culture supernatants revealed that wild-ty ... | 2004 | 15496380 |
| innate immunity in arabidopsis thaliana: lipopolysaccharides activate nitric oxide synthase (nos) and induce defense genes. | lipopolysaccharides (lps) are cell-surface components of gram-negative bacteria and are microbe-/pathogen-associated molecular patterns in animal pathosystems. as for plants, the molecular mechanisms of signal transduction in response to lps are not known. here, we show that arabidopsis thaliana reacts to lps with a rapid burst of no, a hallmark of innate immunity in animals. fifteen lps preparations (among them burkholderia cepacia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and erwinia carotovora) as well as lip ... | 2004 | 15498873 |
| genome-wide comparison reveals great inter- and intraspecies variability in b. pseudomallei and b. mallei pathogens. | burkholderia mallei and b. pseudomallei, closely related gram-negative bacteria, are causative agents of serious infectious diseases of humans and animals: glanders and melioidosis, respectively. despite numerous studies of these pathogens, the detailed mechanism of their pathogenesis is still unknown. the problem is even more complicated due to natural variability of b. pseudomallei and b. mallei strains, the understanding of which is a prerequisite for rational design of tools for diagnostics, ... | 2004 | 15501656 |
| quorum sensing: a transcriptional regulatory system involved in the pathogenicity of burkholderia mallei. | numerous gram-negative bacterial pathogens regulate virulence factor expression by using a cell density mechanism termed quorum sensing (qs). an in silico analysis of the burkholderia mallei atcc 23344 genome revealed that it encodes at least two luxi and four luxr homologues. using mass spectrometry, we showed that wild-type b. mallei produces the signaling molecules n-octanoyl-homoserine lactone and n-decanoyl-homoserine lactone. to determine if qs is involved in the virulence of b. mallei, we ... | 2004 | 15501791 |
| one-year outcome after severe pulmonary exacerbation in adults with cystic fibrosis. | we retrospectively studied the outcomes of adult patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) hospitalized for severe pulmonary exacerbations (69 cases) between january 1997 and june 2001. cases were treated either in the pulmonary department (n = 46) or in the intensive care unit (icu) (n = 23) depending on severity. noninvasive mechanical ventilation was used in 61% (14 of 23) and 33% (15 of 46) of cases treated in the icu and the pulmonary department groups, respectively. invasive ventilation was neces ... | 2005 | 15502116 |
| protein phosphorylation in nicotiana tabacum cells in response to perception of lipopolysaccharides from burkholderia cepacia. | bacterial lps have the ability to act as modulators of the innate immune response in plants. complex and largely unresolved perception systems exist for lps on the plant cell surfaces that lead to the activation of multiple intracellular defense signaling pathways. the aim of the present study was to investigate the perception mechanism of cultured nicotiana tabacum cells towards lps from burkholderia cepacia (lps(b.cep.)), with regard to the role of protein phosphorylation during signal percept ... | 2004 | 15504430 |
| [cystic fibrosis at a brazilian center of excellence: clinical and laboratory characteristics of 104 patients and their association with genotype and disease severity]. | to identify the clinical, laboratory and radiographic characteristics of the cystic fibrosis patients under care at universidade estadual de campinas (unicamp) in the last decade of the twentieth century, and to investigate the association of these characteristics with genotype and severity of the disease as measured by the shwachman score. | 2004 | 15505732 |
| seroprevalence of anti-flagellin antibody against burkholderia pseudomallei in taiwan. | | 2004 | 15507783 |
| isolation of serratia, arcanobacterium and burkholderia species from visceral and cutaneous abscesses in four emaciated ewes. | | 2004 | 15508845 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of 65 isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei to 35 antimicrobial agents. | fifty isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei and 15 isolates of burkholderia mallei were tested for their susceptibilities to 35 antimicrobial agents, including agents not previously tested against these bacteria. | 2004 | 15509614 |
| nitrogen-fixing bacterium burkholderia brasiliensis produces a novel yersiniose a-containing o-polysaccharide. | burkholderia brasiliensis, a gram-negative diazotrophic endophytic bacterium, was first isolated from roots, stems, and leaves of rice plant in brazil. the polysaccharide moiety was released by ammonolysis from the b. brasiliensis lipopolysaccharide (lps), allowing the unambiguous characterization of a 3,6-dideoxy-4-c-(1-hydroxyethyl)-d-xylo-hexose (yersiniose a), an uncommon feature for burkholderia lps. the complete structure of the yersiniose a-containing o-antigen was identified by sugar and ... | 2005 | 15509723 |
| the use of macrolide antibiotics in patients with cystic fibrosis. | there has been much recent interest in the use of macrolide antibiotics as chronic suppressive therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis. three recent randomized, placebo-controlled trials have been conducted. | 2004 | 15510060 |
| laboratory exposure to burkholderia pseudomallei--los angeles, california, 2003. | on july 26, 2003, the los angeles county department of health services (lacdhs) received a report that a local clinical laboratory had isolated from specimens burkholderia pseudomallei, a category b biologic terrorism agent and the causative organism for melioidosis, which is endemic to certain tropical areas. because laboratory workers had manipulated cultures of the organism, cdc was asked to assist in the subsequent investigation. this report summarizes the results of that investigation, whic ... | 2004 | 15514581 |
| burkholderia cenocepacia and burkholderia multivorans: influence on survival in cystic fibrosis. | burkholderia cepacia infection has been associated with a poor prognosis for patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). it is now recognised that organisms classified as b cepacia comprise a number of distinct genomic species each known as a genomovar of the b cepacia complex (bcc). the outcome of infection for cf patients with individual genomovars is unknown. the clinical outcome of infection with the two most commonly isolated genomovars (b cenocepacia and b multivorans) was studied at a specialist ... | 2004 | 15516469 |
| recovery of burkholderia cenocepacia strain phdc from cystic fibrosis patients in europe. | burkholderia cenocepacia can cause life threatening respiratory tract infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) and has a significant impact on survival. there is extensive evidence for patient to patient spread and nosocomial transmission of this organism, and several widespread b cenocepacia strains have been described including the transatlantic et12 clone. a study was performed to compare b cenocepacia isolates recovered from cf patients receiving care in several european countries an ... | 2004 | 15516470 |
| association between stenotrophomonas maltophilia and lung function in cystic fibrosis. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia (sm) is a gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria cultured from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). to date, no information is available regarding the effect of this organism on lung function in cf. | 2004 | 15516471 |
| impaired pulmonary status in cystic fibrosis adults with two mutated mbl-2 alleles. | mannose-binding lectin has recently been identified as a modifier of severity in cystic fibrosis, although studies have produced differing results and the mechanism of action remains unclear. the current authors have studied large cohorts of adults (n=298) and children (n=260) to explore this apparent relationship further. adults with two structural mutations, but not heterozygotes, had significantly reduced lung function and oxygen saturations, more frequent hospital admissions and raised syste ... | 2004 | 15516675 |
| patterns of large-scale genomic variation in virulent and avirulent burkholderia species. | the human diseases melioidosis and glanders are caused by the bacteria burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei respectively, and both species are regarded as potential biowarfare agents. we used b. pseudomallei dna microarrays to compare the genomes of several clinical and environmental isolates of b. pseudomallei, b. mallei, and b. thailandensis, a closely related but avirulent species. open reading frames (orfs) deleted between the three species were associated with diverse cellular functions, ... | 2004 | 15520292 |
| quorum sensing and the lysr-type transcriptional activator toxr regulate toxoflavin biosynthesis and transport in burkholderia glumae. | burkholderia glumae bgr1 produces a broad-host range phytotoxin, called toxoflavin, which is a key pathogenicity factor in rice grain rot and wilt in many field crops. our molecular and genetic analyses of toxoflavin-deficient mutants demonstrated that gene clusters for toxoflavin production consist of four transcriptional units. the toxoflavin biosynthesis genes were composed of five genes, toxa to toxe, as suzuki et al. (2004) reported previously. genes toxf to toxi, which are responsible for ... | 2004 | 15522077 |
| molecular hydrogen from water radiolysis as an energy source for bacterial growth in a basin containing irradiating waste. | although being deionized, filtered and therefore normally deeply oligotrophic, the water from a basin containing irradiating waste presented relatively high bacterial concentrations (ca 10(5) cfu ml(-1)) and biofilm development at its surface and on the walls. this water was characterized by a high concentration of molecular h2 due to water radiolysis, while its electrochemical potential was around +400 mv due the presence of dissolved o2 and active oxygen compounds. this combination of h2 avail ... | 2004 | 15522503 |