| biodefense-driven murine model of pneumonic melioidosis. | a whole-body mouse model of pneumonic melioidosis was established for future evaluation of biodefense vaccine candidates. the aerosol 50% lethal doses of burkholderia pseudomallei strain 1026b for balb/c and c57bl/6 mice and the times to death, dissemination in organs, and tissue loads after exposure of the mice to low- and high-dose aerosols are reported. in addition, rpsl mutant backgrounds were attenuated in this acute model of disease. | 2003 | 12496217 |
| identification of genes encoding secreted proteins using mini-ophoa mutagenesis. | | 2003 | 12491898 |
| screening and identification of a novel lipase from burkholderia sp. yy62 which hydrolyzes t-butyl esters effectively. | fatty acid esters composed of sterically hindered alcohol are very poor substrates for known lipases. in order to obtain a novel lipase, t-butyl octanoate (tbo) was selected as a model substrate to screen for bacteria-producing lipase(s) which can preferentially hydrolyze bulky esters. of 279 strains isolated from 350 soil samples based on the ability to grow with tbo as a sole carbon source, one strain (yy62) was chosen for its strong tbo-hydrolyzing activity. strain yy62 is a gram-negative mot ... | 1998 | 12501282 |
| a comparison of antibiotic regimens in the treatment of acute melioidosis in a mouse model. | melioidosis is caused by the gram-negative bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei. most clinical reports of disease are from south-east asia and northern australia. the organism is intrinsically resistant to most commonly available antibiotics. standard therapy includes ceftazidime either alone or in combination with co-trimoxazole. the clinical advantage in adding co-trimoxazole has never been determined; nor has the activity of newer, fourth-generation cephalosporins, such as cefepime, been studie ... | 2003 | 12493790 |
| cystic fibrosis and burkholderia pseudomallei infection: an emerging problem? | we recently managed 4 patients with cystic fibrosis who had acquired burkholderia pseudomallei infection after exposure in a region of endemicity. person-to-person transmission between 2 siblings may have occurred; otherwise, the evidence suggests that cystic fibrosis may increase the likelihood of infection with this organism, and patients should be warned of this possibility and cautioned to avoid high-risk activities. | 2002 | 12471591 |
| identification of the bacterial endosymbionts in leaf galls of psychotria (rubiaceae, angiosperms) and proposal of 'candidatus burkholderia kirkii' sp. nov. | this paper reports the identification of bacterial endosymbionts inhabiting the leaf galls of psychotria kirkii. a phylogenetic approach was used to reveal the identity of these as yet uncultivable bacterial endophytes. based on the analysis of 16s rdna sequences, evolutionary trees were constructed that place the endosymbiont in the genus burkholderia. low levels of sequence identity and rather large evolutionary distances to the closest validly named relatives indicate that these symbiotic bac ... | 2002 | 12508863 |
| burkholderia cepacia infection and lung transplantation. | burkholderia cepacia has emerged as an important pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) undergoing lung transplantation. taxonomic analyses have divided b. cepacia into 7 closely related species called genomovars. the prevalence of b. cepacia infection ranges from 2% to 13% in cf patients with genomovar iii being most prevalent. risk factors for the acquisition of b. cepacia include greater severity of underlying cf, increasing age, having a sibling colonized with b. cepacia, and previou ... | 2002 | 12497545 |
| [immunobiological properties of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei capsular substances]. | the biopolymer composition, immunotropic and immunogenic properties of the fractions of b. pseudomallei and b. mallei were under study. the first two capsular fractions of these agents were found to be similar in their biopolymer composition that was indicative of their close relations. at the same time the causative agents of glanders proved to have decreased content of high molecular glycoproteids and lps fragments. in the causative agents of melioidosis, capsular fractions k3 and k4 were char ... | 2002 | 12506631 |
| a comparison of pulmonary exacerbations with single and multiple organisms in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic burkholderia cepacia infection. | to compare pulmonary exacerbations with single and multiple organisms in patients with chronic burkholderia cepacia infection. | 2003 | 12504610 |
| biosynthesis and local sequence specific degradation of poly(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) in hydrogenophaga pseudoflava. | a novel copolymer that consisted of 3-hydroxyvalerate and 4-hydroxybutyrate, p(3hv-co-4hb), was synthesized in hydrogenophaga pseudoflava by growing it in media containing gamma-valerolactone and gamma-butyrolactone as a carbon source. the monomer ratio in the copolymer was changed by altering the feed ratio of the two lactones. the cultivation technique was composed of three steps: the first-step for high cell production in luria-bertani medium, the second-step for intracellular degrading remov ... | 2003 | 12523844 |
| [determination of guanine plus cytosine content of pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp farinofermantans with two methods and the comparative study]. | the guanine plus cytosine content (g + c) mol% of pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp farinofermantans, burkholderia gladioli and burkholderia cocovenenans, which were similar in biochemical characteristics, were determined with tm values method and hplc method, and the comparative study of these two methods was discussed. a negative conclusion could not be made from the results. the three bacteria were the same species. the hplc method was more accurate than the tm values method, but the repeatabili ... | 2000 | 12520932 |
| [microbiology and cystic fibrosis]. | the respiratory infections are the rule in sick persons of cystic fibrosis. after the colonization in one's early childhood by staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae, it is established the colonization produced by the mucous strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, the principal etiogenic of this illness, that can become to isolate in more than 95% of sick persons at three years old. that's why the etiogenic factors of this bacterium are studied, as they are toxins, pigments, enzymes, and pr ... | 2002 | 12518659 |
| interventions for treating melioidosis. | melioidosis is an infectious disease that occurs in tropical regions, particularly in thailand. it is caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei and is a serious condition which can be fatal. beta-lactam antibiotics have dramatically reduced the risk of death, but mortality still remains high. | 2002 | 12519552 |
| colonial morphology of burkholderia cepacia complex genomovar iii: implications in exopolysaccharide production, pilus expression, and persistence in the mouse. | the purpose of this study was to determine the role of colonial morphology of burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) organisms in pathogenicity in a mouse model of pulmonary infection. bcc strain c1394 was rapidly cleared by leukopenic mice after intranasal challenge, whereas a spontaneous variant (c1394mp2) that was indistinguishable from the parent strain by genetic typing persisted in the lungs and differed in colonial morphology. the parent strain had a matte colonial phenotype, made scant exopo ... | 2003 | 12540572 |
| characterization of amplified polymerase chain reaction glnb and nifh gene fragments of nitrogen-fixing burkholderia species. | to clone and sequence polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified glnb and nifh genes of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria burkholderia brasilensis strain m130, b. tropicalis strain ppe8 and b. kururiensis strain kp23. | 2003 | 12535125 |
| [determination of dna-dna homology among pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans with microdilution plate hybridization method]. | the dna-dna homologies among pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans and 11 species in genus burkholderia were determined with microdilution plate hybridization method. the results showed: the homologies among p. cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans, b. gladioli and b. cocovenenans were all over 75%. it was advised that these three species were synonym, and should be renamed as burkholderia gladioli. | 2001 | 12549192 |
| antimicrobial resistance and dna-fingerprinting pattern of burkholderia cepacia blood isolates. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of six antibiotics against 33 strains of burkholderia cepacia isolated from 33 patients suspected of having sepsis or bacteremia were determined. all the b. cepacia isolates were resistant to gentamicin (mic(90), >128 microg/ml), and 21.2% were resistant to imipenem (mic(90), 16 microg/ml). they were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and minocycline (mic(90), 2-8 microg/ml). the 33 blood isolates were classified into 12 types (a-l) by the pul ... | 2002 | 12525895 |
| sorption versus biomineralization of pb(ii) within burkholderia cepacia biofilms. | x-ray spectroscopy measurements have been combined with macroscopic uptake data and transmission electron microscopy (tem) results to show that pb(ii) uptake by burkholderia cepacia is due to simultaneous sorption and biomineralization processes. x-ray microprobe mapping of b. cepacia biofilms formed on alpha-al2o3 surfaces shows that pb(ii) is distributed heterogeneously throughout the biofilms because of the formation of pb "hot spots". exafs data and tem observations show that the enhanced pb ... | 2003 | 12564901 |
| monoclonal antibodies against 3-deoxy-alpha-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (kdo) and d-glycero-alpha-d-talo-oct-2-ulosonic acid (ko). | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were obtained after immunization of mice with neoglycoconjugates containing as a ligand the disaccharide kdo(2-->4)ko or ko(2-->4)kdo, representing structural elements of the core region of lipopolysaccharides (lpss) from acinetobacter haemolyticus and burkholderia cepacia, respectively. one antibody, s67-9, bound with high specificity to ko(2-->4)kdo-bsa showing no cross reactivity with kdo(2-->4)kdo-bsa and the other antigens tested. a second mab, s68-12, bound pre ... | 2002 | 12537694 |
| adaptation to nickel spiking of bacterial communities in neocaledonian soils. | adaptation to nickel of bacterial communities of two extreme neocaledonian soils (an ultramafic soil and an acidic soil) was investigated by nickel spiking and compared with adaptation in a non-neocaledonian soil used as reference. soil microcosms were amended with nickel chloride (nicl2), and bacterial community structure was analysed with the ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (risa) technique. then, bacterial populations that respond to nickel stress were identified by cloning and sequencin ... | 2003 | 12542708 |
| characterization of extradiol dioxygenases from a polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading strain that possess higher specificities for chlorinated metabolites. | recent studies demonstrated that 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase from burkholderia sp. strain lb400 (dhbdlb400; ec 1.13.11.39) cleaves chlorinated 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyls (dhbs) less specifically than unchlorinated dhb and is competitively inhibited by 2',6'-dichloro-2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl (2',6'-dicl dhb). to determine whether these are general characteristics of dhbds, we characterized dhbdp6-i and dhbdp6-iii, two evolutionarily divergent isozymes from rhodococcus globerulus strain p6, ano ... | 2003 | 12562795 |
| use of the e test to assess synergy of antibiotic combinations against isolates of burkholderia cepacia-complex from patients with cystic fibrosis. | treatment of burkholderia cepacia-complex infections in cystic fibrosis patients is problematic, since the microorganism is often resistant to most antimicrobial agents. in this study, the epsilometer test, or e test, was used to assess the activity of antimicrobial combinations against burkholderia cepacia-complex. in a preliminary evaluation, the e test was compared to the checkerboard method using 10 test organisms. synergy testing by the e test was then performed on 131 clinical isolates of ... | 2003 | 12582741 |
| ubiquity of putative type iii secretion genes among clinical and environmental burkholderia pseudomallei isolates in northern australia. | type iii secretion (ttsi) genes of an hrp (hypersensitivity response and pathogenicity)-like locus were present in all 116 northern australian burkholderia pseudomallei isolates tested but were not detected in other common environmental burkholderia species. pcr of tts1 genes may prove valuable as a diagnostic test [corrected]. | 2003 | 12574307 |
| population structure analysis of burkholderia cepacia genomovar iii: varying degrees of genetic recombination characterize major clonal complexes. | infection with bacterial species belonging to the burkholderia cepacia complex contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in persons with cystic fibrosis (cf). the majority of isolates recovered from cf patients belong to b. cepacia genomovar iii and several distinct 'epidemic' strains have been described. this study examined the population structure of b. cepacia genomovar iii by using multilocus restriction typing, indexing allelic variation at five chromosomal genes by restriction an ... | 2003 | 12576582 |
| cloning and expression of the gene encoding catalytic subunit of thermostable glucose dehydrogenase from burkholderia cepacia in escherichia coli. | we have cloned a 1620-nucleotide gene encoding the catalytic subunit (alpha subunit) of a thermostable glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) from burkholderia cepacia. the fad binding motif was found in the n-terminal region of the alpha subunit. the deduced primary structure of the alpha subunit showed about 48% identity to the catalytic subunits of sorbitol dehydrogenase (sdh) from gluconobacter oxydans and 2-keto-d-gluconate dehydrogenases (2kgdh) from erwinia herbicola and pantoea citrea. the alpha su ... | 2003 | 12573242 |
| melioidosis--a report from pondicherry, south india. | melioidosis is an acute infectious disease caused by a safety-pin-shaped gram-negative bacteria called burkholderia pseudomallei. here, we report the first case of melioidosis in a middle aged male agricultural worker, from pondicherry. the isolation of this organism from subcutaneous nodules on the extensor aspect of his limbs underlines the diversity of its clinical presentation. difficulty in identifying the organism which mimics any other non-fementing gram-negative bacilli (nfgnb) on cursor ... | 2002 | 12583480 |
| burkholderia tuberum sp. nov. and burkholderia phymatum sp. nov., nodulate the roots of tropical legumes. | the taxonomic status of five root nodule isolates from tropical legumes was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. two isolates were identified as b. caribensis, an organism originally isolated from soil in martinique (the french west indies). one isolate was identified as burkholderia cepacia genomovar vi, a b. cepacia complex genomovar thus far only isolated from sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. the remaining two isolates were identified as novel burkholderia species for which we ... | 2002 | 12583710 |
| study of the bacterial load in a gelatine production process focussed on bacillus and related endosporeforming genera. | gelatine is an animal protein with many industrial applications. previous studies pointed out that endosporeforming bacteria, belonging to the genus bacillus or related genera, might contaminate and survive the production process of gelatine, leading to products of low quality and safety. the aim of this study is to determine the bacterial diversity of contaminants isolated from a gelatine production chain with emphasis on aerobic endosporeforming bacteria. contaminants were isolated from sample ... | 2002 | 12583722 |
| the wbia locus is required for the 2-o-acetylation of lipopolysaccharides expressed by burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis. | burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis express similar o-antigens (o-ps ii) in which their 6-deoxy-alpha-l-talopyranosyl (l-6dtalp) residues are variably substituted with o-acetyl groups at the o-2 or o-4 positions. in previous studies we demonstrated that the protective monoclonal antibody, pp-ps-w, reacted with o-ps ii expressed by wild-type b. pseudomallei strains but not by a b. pseudomallei wbia null mutant. in the present study we demonstrate that wbia activity is require ... | 2003 | 12586411 |
| attenuated virulence of a burkholderia cepacia type iii secretion mutant in a murine model of infection. | type iii secretion systems are utilized by a number of gram-negative bacterial pathogens to deliver virulence-associated proteins into host cells. using a pcr-based approach, we identified homologs of type iii secretion genes in the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia cepacia, an important pulmonary pathogen in immunocompromised patients and patients with cystic fibrosis. one of the genes, designated bscn, encodes a member of a family of atp-binding proteins believed to generate energy driving ... | 2003 | 12595458 |
| the humoral immune response in melioidosis patients during therapy. | this study was undertaken to identify and quantify the class and subclass antibody responses to the culture filtrate antigen (cfa) of burkholderia pseudomallei in melioidosis patients under long-term maintenance or eradication therapy. | 2003 | 12590329 |
| a case of imported melioidosis presenting as prostatitis. | we report a case of melioidosis in a previously healthy belgian man. he presented with septicemia and prostatic abscesses 1 week after a trip to vietnam. burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from multiple hemocultures. he was treated successfully with intravenous ceftazidime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, followed by a per-oral maintenance therapy of amoxicillin-clavulanate with supplementary amoxicillin. there was no need for surgical drainage. this is the second reported case of melioido ... | 2003 | 12590337 |
| a family history of deoxyribonuclease ii: surprises from trichinella spiralis and burkholderia pseudomallei. | deoxyribonuclease iialpha (dnase iialpha) is an acidic endonuclease found in lysosomes and nuclei, and it is also secreted. though its caenorhabditis elegans homolog, nuc-1, is required for digesting dna of apoptotic cell corpses and dietary dna, it is not required for viability. however, dnase iialpha is required in mice for correct development and viability, because undigested cell corpses lead to lesions throughout the body. recently, we showed that, in contrast to previous reports, active dn ... | 2003 | 12594037 |
| identification of dna markers of tobacco linked to bacterial wilt resistance. | bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive soil-borne diseases in the world. breeding resistant commercial varieties of tobacco is difficult because most donor candidates' resistance is controlled by polygenes. in this paper, we demonstrate the identification of useful dna markers for bacterial wilt-resistant tobacco breeding. one hundred and seventeen markers were identified by the amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) method between w6, a burley vari ... | 2003 | 12596008 |
| distinguishing features of 16s rdna gene for five dominating bacterial genus observed in bioremediation. | defining a microbial community and identifying bacteria, at least at the genus level, is a first step in predicting the behavior of a microbial community in bioremediation. in biological treatment systems, the most dominating groups observed are pseudomonas, moraxella, acinetobactor, burkholderia, and alcaligenes. our interest lies in identifying the distinguishing features of these bacterial groups based on their 16s rdna sequence data, which could be used further for generating genus-specific ... | 2002 | 12614549 |
| disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance in rice are inversely modulated by an abscisic acid-inducible mitogen-activated protein kinase. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades play an important role in mediating stress responses in eukaryotic organisms. however, little is known about the role of mapks in modulating the interaction of defense pathways activated by biotic and abiotic factors. in this study, we have isolated and functionally characterized a stress-responsive mapk gene (osmapk5) from rice. osmapk5 is a single-copy gene but can generate at least two differentially spliced transcripts. the osmapk5 gene, its p ... | 2003 | 12615946 |
| reinfection, rather than persistent infection, in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. | chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) is characterized by severe recurrent infections with staphylococcus aureus, certain gram-negative rods, nocardia species, and fungi. when infections with the same species recur, they may represent relapses or new infections. we collected organisms from infections that occurred between 1992 and 2000 in patients with cgd and determined the biochemical phenotypes, in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns of ... | 2003 | 12599059 |
| analysis of the quorum-sensing regulon of the opportunistic pathogen burkholderia cepacia h111 by proteomics. | burkholderia cepacia h111, an important pathogen for persons suffering from cystic fibrosis, employs a quorum-sensing (qs) system, cep, to control expression of virulence factors as well as the formation of biofilms. the qs system is thought to ensure that pathogenic traits are only expressed when the bacterial population density is high enough to overwhelm the host before it is able to mount an efficient response. in this study, we compared the protein pattern of the intracellular, extracellula ... | 2003 | 12601746 |
| quorum-sensing system and stationary-phase sigma factor (rpos) of the onion pathogen burkholderia cepacia genomovar i type strain, atcc 25416. | bacterial strains belonging to burkholderia cepacia can be human opportunistic pathogens, plant pathogens, and plant growth promoting and have remarkable catabolic activity. b. cepacia consists of several genomovars comprising what is now known as the b. cepacia complex. here we report the quorum-sensing system of a genomovar i onion rot type strain atcc 25416. quorum sensing is a cell-density-dependent regulatory response which involves the production of n-acyl homoserine lactone (hsl) signal m ... | 2003 | 12620866 |
| suppression-subtractive hybridisation reveals variations in gene distribution amongst the burkholderia cepacia complex, including the presence in some strains of a genomic island containing putative polysaccharide production genes. | some strains of the burkholderia cepacia complex, including the et12 lineage, have been implicated in epidemic spread amongst cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. suppression-subtractive hybridisation was used to identify genomic regions within strain j2315 (et12 lineage; genomovar iiia) that were absent from a non-transmissible genomovar iiib strain. sequence data from 15 subtracted clones were used to interrogate the genome sequence of strain j2315 and identify genomic regions incorporating the subt ... | 2003 | 12610727 |
| catalase-peroxidase katg of burkholderia pseudomallei at 1.7a resolution. | the catalase-peroxidase encoded by katg of burkholderia pseudomallei (bpkatg) is 65% identical with katg of mycobacterium tuberculosis, the enzyme responsible for the activation of isoniazid as an antibiotic. the structure of a complex of bpkatg with an unidentified ligand, has been solved and refined at 1.7a resolution using x-ray synchrotron data collected from crystals flash-cooled with liquid nitrogen. the crystallographic agreement factors r and r(free) are 15.3% and 18.6%, respectively. th ... | 2003 | 12628252 |
| lack of correlation between o-serotype, bacteriophage susceptibility and genomovar status in the burkholderia cepacia complex. | the burkholderia cepacia complex comprises at least nine phylogenetically related genomic species (genomovars) which cause life-threatening infection in immunocompromised humans, particularly individuals with cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous disease. prior to recognition that 'b. cepacia' comprise multiple species, in vitro studies revealed that the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of these gram-negative bacteria is strongly endotoxic. in this study, we used 117 b. cepacia complex isolates to de ... | 2003 | 12628542 |
| biodegradation kinetics of aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures by pure and mixed bacterial cultures. | microbial growth on pollutant mixtures is an important aspect of bioremediation and wastewater treatment. however, efforts to develop mathematical models for mixed substrate kinetics have been limited. nearly all models group either the microbial population (as "biomass") or the chemical species (e.g., as biological oxygen demand). when individual chemical species are considered, most models assume either no interaction or that the nature of the interaction is competition for the same rate-limit ... | 2002 | 12634132 |
| differential scanning calorimetry of the effects of ca2+ on the thermal unfolding of pseudomonas cepacia lipase. | thermal unfolding of p. cepacia lipase was observed by adiabatic differential scanning microcalorimetry in the absence and presence of calcium ions at ph 8, and thermodynamic parameters of unfolding were evaluated to analyze the unfolding mechanism of the enzyme. the temperature of unfolding was higher at higher concentrations of ca2+. from the ca2+ concentration-dependence of the unfolding temperature, the number of calcium ions that dissociated from the enzyme molecule upon unfolding was estim ... | 2003 | 12619699 |
| cpg odn enhances uptake of bacteria by mouse macrophages. | unmethylated cpg motif in synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (cpg odn) or bacterial dna is well recognized for its role in innate immunity, including enhancing production of no and cytokines by macrophages. in the present study, we demonstrated the effect of cpg odn on the phagocytic uptake of bacteria by macrophages. flow cytometric analysis of mouse macrophages (raw 264.7) incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labelled burkholderia pseudomallei, salmonella enterica serovar typhi or esch ... | 2003 | 12653838 |
| flagella are virulence determinants of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, a facultatively intracellular pathogen, is a flagellated and motile gram-negative bacterium and is the causative agent of melioidosis in humans. flagella are commonly recognized as important virulence determinants expressed by bacterial pathogens since the motility phenotype imparted by these organelles often correlates with the ability of an organism to cause disease. we used a virulent isolate of b. pseudomallei, khw, to construct an isogenic deletion mutant with a m ... | 2003 | 12654773 |
| lactoperoxidase and human airway host defense. | the lactoperoxidase (lpo) antibiotic system is a well-characterized component of mammary and salivary gland secretions. because lpo has been shown to function in ovine airways, human airway tissue and secretions were examined for the presence of lpo and its substrate, the anion thiocyanate (scn-). in addition, human airway secretions were tested for lpo-mediated antibacterial activity, and lpo's activity was assessed against some human airway pathogens. the data showed that normal human airway s ... | 2003 | 12626341 |
| 'candidatus glomeribacter gigasporarum' gen. nov., sp. nov., an endosymbiont of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are obligate endosymbionts that colonize the roots of almost 80 % of land plants. the present paper describes morphological and molecular data on a bacterial endosymbiont living in the cytoplasm of dormant or germinating spores and symbiotic mycelia of the fungal species gigaspora margarita, scutellospora persica and scutellospora castanea. pcr amplification of almost the entire 16s rrna gene of the gigaspora margarita beg 34 endosymbiont, using universal bacterial p ... | 2003 | 12656162 |
| behavior of silica aerogel networks as highly porous solid solvent media for lipases in a model transesterification reaction. | highly porous silica aerogels with differing balances of hydrophobic and hydrophilic functionalities were studied as a new immobilization medium for enzymes. two types of lipases from candida rugosa and burkholderia cepacia were homogeneously dispersed in wet gel precursors before gelation. the materials obtained were compared in a simple model reaction: transesterification of vinyl laurate by 1-octanol. to allow a better comparison of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic action of the solid, very open a ... | 2003 | 12616634 |
| burkholderia cenocepacia sp. nov.--a new twist to an old story. | dna-dna hybridisation experiments between isolates representing burkholderia cepacia genomovar iii reca lineages iiia and iiib reinforced the classification of both phylogenetic subgroups as a single genospecies, distinct from b. cepacia (genomovar i). a formal classification of b. cepacia genomovar iii encompassing the reca lineages iiia and iiib, and the new reca lineages iiic and iiid, as b. cenocepacia sp. nov., with lmg 16656 as the type strain, is proposed. | 2003 | 12648723 |
| flagellum-mediated adhesion by burkholderia pseudomallei precedes invasion of acanthamoeba astronyxis. | in this study we investigated the role of the bacterial flagellum in burkholderia pseudomallei entry to acanthamoeba astronyxis trophozoites. b. pseudomallei cells were tethered to the external amoebic surface via their flagella. mm35, the flagellum-lacking flic knockout derivative of b. pseudomallei nctc 1026b did not demonstrate flagellum-mediated endocytosis in timed coculture, confirming that an intact flagellar apparatus assists b. pseudomallei entry into a. astronyxis. | 2003 | 12654857 |
| bacterial contamination of a cornea tissue bank: implications for the safety of graft engineering. | to analyze the difficulties involved in managing an episode of bacterial contamination in a cornea bank. we describe (1) the circumstances of bacterial contamination discovery, (2) the methods used to investigate the outbreak, (3) the corrective measures adopted, and (4) the method introduced to improve the reaction capacity in case of bacterial contamination. | 2003 | 12658086 |
| [melioidosis: a disease that is advancing]. | | 2003 | 12659091 |
| the structure of lipid a of the lipopolysaccharide from burkholderia caryophylli with a 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinopyranose 1-phosphate residue exclusively in glycosidic linkage. | from the lipopolysaccharides (lpss) of the plant-pathogenic bacterium burkholderia caryophylli, the complete structure of lipid a has been characterized. for the first time, a 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinopyranose 1-phosphate residue was proven to be exclusively linked to the reducing end of lipid a from a wild-type lps. the lpss of b. caryophylli were degraded by mild acetate buffer hydrolysis at ph 4.4. the obtained lipid a was analyzed as such, and also after de-o-acylation or dephosphorylation. ... | 2003 | 12658652 |
| horizontal transfer of phnac dioxygenase genes within one of two phenotypically and genotypically distinctive naphthalene-degrading guilds from adjacent soil environments. | several distinct naphthalene dioxygenases have been characterized to date, which provides the opportunity to investigate the ecological significance, relative distribution, and transmission modes of the different analogs. in this study, we showed that a group of naphthalene-degrading isolates from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-contaminated hillside soil were phenotypically and genotypically distinct from naphthalene-degrading organisms isolated from adjacent, more highly contaminated s ... | 2003 | 12676698 |
| automated identification systems and burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 2003 | 12682195 |
| a transposase-like gene isolated from burkholderia pseudomallei by ddrt-pcr technique. | | 2003 | 12682867 |
| contamination of trypan blue with burkholderia cepacia in a cornea bank. | to describe burkholderia cepacia contamination of a cornea bank and the measures taken to identify and eliminate the source of infection. | 2003 | 12683512 |
| transmissible burkholderia cepacia genomovar iiia strains bind and convert monomeric iron(iii) protoporphyrin ix into the mu-oxo oligomeric form. | burkholderia cepacia isolates of genomovar iii are highly transmissible amongst patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) and express a 97 kda putative haem-binding protein (hbp) [smalley, j. w., charalabous, p., birss, a. j. & hart, c. a. (2001). clin diagn lab immunol 8, 509-514]. an investigation of the interactions of iron(iii) protoporphyrin ix with epidemic and non-epidemic strains of b. cepacia to determine the role of the above protein in haem acquisition and binding is reported herein. spectro ... | 2003 | 12686627 |
| identification and molecular analysis of cable pilus biosynthesis genes in burkholderia cepacia. | burkholderia cepacia is an opportunistic respiratory pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients. one highly transmissible and virulent clone belonging to genomovar iiia expresses pili with unique cable morphology, which enable the bacterium to bind cytokeratin 13 in epithelial cells. the cbla gene, encoding the major pilin subunit, is often used as a dna marker to identify potentially virulent isolates. the authors have now cloned and sequenced four additional genes, cblb, cblc, cbld and cbls, in the ... | 2003 | 12686638 |
| molecular cloning and complementation analysis of nifv gene from frankia euik1 strain. | the nifv gene from the frankia euik1 strain, a symbiont of elaeagnus umbellata, was cloned and a complementation test using the klebsiella pneumoniae nifv mutant was performed to verify its function. the nifv orf consists of 1245 bp, which encodes 414 amino acids. however, the putative promoter and shine-dalgarno sequences were not found in the 5' region of the orf. the frankia euik1 nifv orf showed about a 70% nucleotide identity and 80% amino acid similarity with that of frankia sp. fac1. in t ... | 2003 | 12661757 |
| relapsing melioidosis as cause of iliac mycotic aneurysm: an indigenous case in taiwan. | melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, an aerobic gram-negative bacillus, is normally transmitted through skin wounds and contact with infected human beings and animals. its primary source is rice paddy soil and stagnant water. melioidosis manifesting as an arterial mycotic aneurysm is rare, and, to our knowledge, infected true and false aneurysms of the iliac artery have never been reported. we report the case of a patient without contact with the normal sources ... | 2003 | 12663992 |
| specific detection of pseudomonas spp. in milk by fluorescence in situ hybridization using ribosomal rna directed probes. | pseudomonas spp. are considered the most important milk spoilage organisms. here we describe development of a fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) probe specific for detection and enumeration of pseudomonas spp. in milk. | 2003 | 12694460 |
| [study on the heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharides of ralstonia solanacearum]. | methods of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in the system of sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds-page) with immunoblotting were used to investigate heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharides (lps) of ralstonia solanacearum (icmp 8110, 767, 5712, 7955, 7945, 7944, 8089 and 4157) which were characterized by various type structure of o-specific polysaccharides chains. when carrying out sds-page, it was determined that lps of all the investigated strains display bimodal distribution, typical of s-form lps a ... | 2002 | 12664545 |
| evaluation of preservative systems in a sunscreen formula by linear regression method. | a sunscreen formula with eight different preservative systems was evaluated by linear regression, pharmacopeial, and the ctfa (cosmetic, toiletry and fragrance association) methods. the preparations were tested against staphylococcus aureus, burkholderia cepacia, shewanella putrefaciens, escherichia coli, and bacillus sp. the linear regression method proved to be useful in the selection of the most effective preservative system used in cosmetic formulation. | 2003 | 12688287 |
| fatal outcome of lung transplantation in cystic fibrosis patients due to small-colony variants of the burkholderia cepacia complex. | the aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of small-colony variant morphotypes of burkholderia cepacia-like organisms in infectious complications in cystic fibrosis patients following lung transplantation. respiratory tract specimens from 470 cystic fibrosis patients were screened over a 22-month period for burkholderia cepacia-like organisms. nineteen patients were positive for these organisms, eight of whom harboured small-colony-variant morphotypes. three patients underwent bi ... | 2003 | 12687415 |
| cicero and burkholderia cepacia: what's in a name? | | 2003 | 12702238 |
| structural and functional cellular changes induced by burkholderia pseudomallei rhamnolipid. | in this study we report that extracellular burkholderia pseudomallei rhamnolipid induced cytopathic changes characterized by retraction, rounding up, and, finally, detachment in phagocytic and nonphagocytic cell lines. these changes were due to a progressive reorganization of the f-actin network resulting in impaired cell cycle progression and a reduced phagocytic function of macrophages. | 2003 | 12704181 |
| burkholderia is highly resistant to human beta-defensin 3. | the bactericidal activity of the novel beta-defensin hbd-3 against 28 species and 55 strains of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative fermentative and nonfermentative rods was tested. all strains proved to be highly or intermediately susceptible to hbd-3 (minimal bactericidal concentration [mbc], </=50 micro g/ml), except for burkholderia cepacia, for all 23 tested strains of which mbcs were >100 micro g/ml. | 2003 | 12709350 |
| characterization of chlorophenol 4-monooxygenase (tftd) and nadh:flavin adenine dinucleotide oxidoreductase (tftc) of burkholderia cepacia ac1100. | burkholderia cepacia ac1100 uses 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, an environmental pollutant, as a sole carbon and energy source. chlorophenol 4-monooxygenase is a key enzyme in the degradation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and it was originally characterized as a two-component enzyme (tftc and tftd). sequence analysis suggests that they are separate enzymes. the two proteins were separately produced in escherichia coli, purified, and characterized. tftc was an nadh:flavin adenine dinu ... | 2003 | 12700257 |
| simple sequence repeats and compositional bias in the bipartite ralstonia solanacearum gmi1000 genome. | ralstonia solanacearum is an important plant pathogen. the genome of r. solananearum gmi1000 is organised into two replicons (a 3.7-mb chromosome and a 2.1-mb megaplasmid) and this bipartite genome structure is characteristic for most r. solanacearum strains. to determine whether the megaplasmid was acquired via recent horizontal gene transfer or is part of an ancestral single chromosome, we compared the abundance, distribution and composition of simple sequence repeats (ssrs) between both repli ... | 2003 | 12697060 |
| degradation of phenanthrene and naphthalene by a burkholderia species strain. | burkholderia sp. tnfye-5 was isolated from soil for the ability to grow on phenanthrene as sole carbon and energy source. unlike most other phenanthrene-degrading bacteria, tnfye-5 was unable to grow on naphthalene. growth substrate range experiments coupled with the ring-cleavage enzyme assay data suggest that tnfye-5 initially metabolizes phenanthrene to 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate with subsequent degradation through the phthalate and protocatechuate and beta-ketoadipate pathway. a metabolite in th ... | 2003 | 12718402 |
| in vitro activity of gatifloxacin alone and in combination with cefepime, meropenem, piperacillin and gentamicin against multidrug-resistant organisms. | to study the in vitro interaction of gatifloxacin in combination with gentamicin and with the beta-lactams cefepime, meropenem and piperacillin against clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia cepacia, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing klebsiella pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). | 2003 | 12697632 |
| in vitro synergy studies using aztreonam and fluoroquinolone combinations against six species of gram-negative bacilli. | combination antimicrobial therapy is often necessary to eradicate infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. | 2003 | 12714810 |
| killing of caenorhabditis elegans by burkholderia cepacia is controlled by the cep quorum-sensing system. | burkholderia cepacia h111, which was isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient, effectively kills the nematode caenorhabditis elegans. depending on the medium used for growth of the bacterium two different killing modes were observed. on high-osmolarity medium the nematodes became paralysed and died within 24 h. using filter assays we provide evidence that this killing mode involves the production of an extracellular toxin. on nematode growth medium killing occurs over the course of 2-3 days and i ... | 2003 | 12713492 |
| preliminary findings of quorum signal molecules in clinically stable lung allograft recipients. | infection with bacteria such as pseudomonas is common in lung allograft recipients, particularly during chronic rejection. analysis of sputum samples from patients with cystic fibrosis infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa or burkholderia cepacia has indicated the presence of bacterial n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) quorum sensing signalling molecules. ahls not only control the expression of bacterial virulence genes but are also involved in stimulating the maturation of antibiotic resistant bi ... | 2003 | 12728169 |
| energy-generating enzymes of burkholderia cepacia and their interactions with macrophages. | we previously demonstrated that several clinical and environmental isolates of burkholderia cepacia secreted atp-utilizing enzymes to the medium; the secretion of these enzymes by cystic fibrosis lung isolate strain 38 was shown to be greatly enhanced in the presence of alpha(2)-macroglobulin. fractionation of the growth medium of cystic fibrosis isolate strain 71 belonging to genomovar i demonstrated the presence of two additional proteins, homologues of pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin and cytoch ... | 2003 | 12730177 |
| [melioidosis]. | | 2003 | 12722256 |
| comparative in vitro potency of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid and four oral agents against recent north american clinical isolates from a global surveillance study. | the in vitro activity of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid was compared with four comparator oral antimicrobial agents; ampicillin, azithromycin, cefuroxime and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole against 4536 recent clinical isolates covering 29 species isolated in the us and canada between 1997 and 1999. based upon minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics), amoxycillin-clavulanic acid was the most active agent against many gram-positive species and phenotypes including methicillin susceptible staphylococc ... | 2003 | 12727075 |
| regulation of the katg-dpsa operon and the importance of katg in survival of burkholderia pseudomallei exposed to oxidative stress. | homologues of the catalase-peroxidase gene katg and the gene for the non-specific dna binding protein dpsa were identified downstream of oxyr in burkholderia pseudomallei. northern experiments revealed that both katg and dpsa are co-transcribed during oxidative stress. under conditions where the katg promoter is not highly induced, dpsa is transcribed from a second promoter located within the katg-dpsa intergenic region. a katg insertion mutant was found to be hypersensitive to various oxidants. ... | 2003 | 12729890 |
| [suspected epidemic at a hospital in senegal]. | most outbreaks of noscomial infection are detected by means of molecular biological testing. however euclidian distance is a rapid, reliable alternative if facilities for molecular biological testing are unavailable, as at the principal hospital in dakar, senegal. over the 7 month period from 01/10/98 to 31/04/99, 110 of the 1033 blood cultures specimens collected in a group of 2360 children hospitalized in pediatric departments a and b of the principal hospital were found to be positive for bur ... | 2002 | 12731307 |
| multilocus sequence typing and evolutionary relationships among the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei. | a collection of 147 isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei, b. mallei, and b. thailandensis was characterized by multilocus sequence typing (mlst). the 128 isolates of b. pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, were obtained from diverse geographic locations, from humans and animals with disease, and from the environment and were resolved into 71 sequence types. the utility of the mlst scheme for epidemiological investigations was established by analyzing isolates from captive marine ma ... | 2003 | 12734250 |
| sepsis, multiple organ failure, and death due to pandoraea pnomenusa infection after lung transplantation. | a 30-year-old man died with pandoraea pnomenusa sepsis after lung transplantation. pandoraea species are gram-negative rods, closely related to, and commonly misidentified as, burkholderia cepacia complex or ralstonia species. heretofore considered soil bacteria and colonizers that infect patients with chronic lung diseases, pandoraea species can produce severe infections. | 2003 | 12734295 |
| efficacy of disinfectants and hot water against biofilm cells of burkholderia cepacia. | the effects of various disinfectants and hot water on planktonic cells and biofilm cells of burkholderia cepacia were investigated. the survival rate of viable b. cepacia cells in suspension decreased to 0.001% or lower within 15 s of exposure to 0.5% benzalkonium chloride, within 30 s of exposure to 0.5% alkyldiaminoethyl glycine, or within 1 min of exposure to 0.1% alkyldiaminoethyl glycine, and decreased to about 0.1% with 60 min of exposure to 0.1% benzalkonium chloride or 0.5% chlorhexidine ... | 2003 | 12736510 |
| microbial viability in preparations packaged for single use. | we evaluated microbial viability in preparations packaged for single use only which mandate that residual solution be discarded such as albumin and globulin preparations as blood products, preparations containing albumin (such as urokinase and interferon), fat emulsions, and a preparation containing fat emulsions (propofol). in most preparations, serratia marcescens and burkholderia cepacia proliferated rapidly at 30 degrees c. however, in globulin preparations containing 1-2.25% glycine to prev ... | 2003 | 12736509 |
| recombinant truncated flagellin of burkholderia pseudomallei as a molecular probe for diagnosis of melioidosis. | current serological tests for melioidosis, using impure or uncharacterized cell antigens from burkholderia pseudomallei, have problems in detection sensitivity and specificity. therefore, we designed and expressed the recombinant flagellin (truncated at both the n- and c-terminal ends), and used the antigen to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to diagnose melioidosis. comparison of the immunoreactivities of the full-length and truncated flagellins reveals that the tru ... | 2003 | 12738642 |
| crystal structure of the potassium channel kirbac1.1 in the closed state. | the kirbac1.1 channel belongs to the inward-rectifier family of potassium channels. here we report the structure of the entire prokaryotic kir channel assembly, in the closed state, refined to a resolution of 3.65 angstroms. we identify the main activation gate and structural elements involved in gating. on the basis of structural evidence presented here, we suggest that gating involves coupling between the intracellular and membrane domains. this further suggests that initiation of gating by me ... | 2003 | 12738871 |
| a novel biphasic extractive membrane bioreactor for minimization of membrane-attached biofilms. | extractive membrane bioreactor (emb) systems offer a means of biologically treating wastewaters, but, like other membrane processes, are constrained by their tendency to be fouled by membrane-attached biofilms (mabs). this study describes a new approach to eradicate mab formation and accumulation in emb systems. to this end, an innovative emb configuration, the biphasic extractive membrane bioreactor (bemb), has been developed. in bemb systems, the two main constituents of the emb process, membr ... | 2003 | 12740928 |
| [burkholderia cepacia pneumonia in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency]. | | 2003 | 12749809 |
| effects of vitreoscilla hemoglobin on the 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-dnt) dioxygenase activity of burkholderia and on 2,4-dnt degradation in two-phase bioreactors. | expression of vgb, encoding vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb), in burkholderia strain yv1 was previously shown to improve cell growth and enhance 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-dnt) degradation compared with control strain dnt, especially under hypoxic conditions. in the work reported here, the ratio of 2,4-dnt degraded to oxygen uptake was approximately 5-fold larger for strain yv1 than for strain dnt. the addition of purified vhb to cytosolic fractions of strain dnt increased 2,4-dnt degradation 1.5-fold ... | 2003 | 12743828 |
| seroprevalence of melioidosis in dairy cattle in chiang mai province, northern thailand. | the seroprevalence of melioidosis in dairy cattle in chiang mai province was investigated using of the indirect hemagglutination antibody (iha) method. two hundred and fifty-three samples were tested for serum antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei. the samples were from a total population of 8,688 dairy cattle in the province; random sampling, stratified by the location of cattle, was used. the seroprevalence was determined as 2% at 1:40 cut-off value, which was estimated to equate to 0.3% to ... | 2002 | 12757220 |
| involvement of beta interferon in enhancing inducible nitric oxide synthase production and antimicrobial activity of burkholderia pseudomallei-infected macrophages. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a life-threatening disease that affects both humans and animals. this bacterium is able to survive and multiply inside both phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells. we recently reported that mouse macrophages infected with b. pseudomallei fail to produce a significant level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), a crucial enzyme needed for the cells to control the intracellular growth of this bacterium. in the present study, we exte ... | 2003 | 12761082 |
| the burkholderia cepacia complex and cytokine induction: an inflammatory tale. | | 2003 | 12761357 |
| burkholderia cepacia-induced il-8 gene expression in an alveolar epithelial cell line: signaling through cd14 and mitogen-activated protein kinase. | burkholderia cepacia is a prevalent pulmonary pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). the lung pathology observed in patients with cf is postulated to be due to an overexpression of chemokines. this study investigated the induction of the neutrophil chemoattractant chemokine il-8 and the signaling pathways activated by b. cepacia-infected human lung epithelial a549 (hle) cells. cells were infected with b. cepacia (genomovar iii of the b. cepacia complex), and reverse transcriptase-pcr an ... | 2003 | 12761358 |
| infection control recommendations for patients with cystic fibrosis: microbiology, important pathogens, and infection control practices to prevent patient-to-patient transmission. | | 2003 | 12762292 |
| lysogeny and bacteriophage host range within the burkholderia cepacia complex. | the burkholderia cepacia complex comprises a group of nine closely related species that have emerged as life-threatening pulmonary pathogens in immunocompromised patients, particularly individuals with cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous disease. attempts to explain the genomic plasticity, adaptability and virulence of the complex have paid little attention to bacteriophages, particularly the potential contribution of lysogenic conversion and transduction. in this study, lysogeny was observ ... | 2003 | 12748267 |
| sequence analysis and functional characterization of the dialkylglycine decarboxylase gene dgd1 from mycosphaerella graminicola. | dialkylglycine decarboxylase is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme in the aminotransferases class iii group of enzymes. the enzyme is unique in terms of catalyzing both decarboxylation and transamination. although the enzymatic activity is present in some bacteria and fungi, the biological role is unclear. we identified and disrupted the dialkylglycine decarboxylase-encoding gene dgd1 in the wheat blotch fungus mycosphaerella graminicola by transposon-arrayed gene knockout. the dgd1 gene is ... | 2003 | 12743737 |
| distribution and organization of auxotrophic genes on the multichromosomal genome of burkholderia multivorans atcc 17616. | the burkholderia multivorans strain atcc 17616 carries three circular chromosomes with sizes of 3.4, 2.5, and 0.9 mb. to determine the distribution and organization of the amino acid biosynthetic genes on the genome of this beta-proteobacterium, various auxotrophic mutations were isolated using a tn5 derivative that was convenient not only for the determination of its insertion site on the genome map but also for the structural analysis of the flanking regions. analysis by pulsed-field gel elect ... | 2003 | 12754231 |
| melioidosis. | melioidosis, which is infection with the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is an important cause of sepsis in east asia and northern australia. in northeastern thailand, melioidosis accounts for 20% of all community-acquired septicaemias, and causes death in 40% of treated patients. b pseudomallei is an environmental saprophyte found in wet soils. it mostly infects adults with an underlying predisposing condition, mainly diabetes mellitus. melioidosis is characterised by formati ... | 2003 | 12767750 |
| abc transporters of the wheat pathogen mycosphaerella graminicola function as protectants against biotic and xenobiotic toxic compounds. | we have studied the role of five abc transporter genes (mgatr to mgatr5) from the wheat pathogen mycosphaerella graminicola in multidrug resistance (mdr). complementation of saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants with the abc transporter genes from m. graminicola showed that all the genes tested encode proteins that provide protection against chemically unrelated compounds, indicating that their products function as multidrug transporters with distinct but overlapping substrate specificities. their su ... | 2003 | 12768412 |