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structural characterization of the lipopolysaccharide o antigens of burkholderia pseudomallei.a serologically typical strain of burkholderia pseudomallei (strain 304b) was found to produce two s-type lipopolysaccharides (lps) differing in the chemical structures of their o-polysaccharide (o-ps) components. structural analysis revealed that one o-antigenic polysaccharide (o-ps i) is an unbranched high-molecular-weight polymer of 1,3-linked 2-o-acetyl-6-deoxy-beta-d-manno-heptopyranose residues. the other lps o antigen (o-ps ii) is an unbranched polymer of repeating disaccharide units havi ...19957543882
pseudomonas pseudomallei-insulin interaction. 19957543888
structures of the two polymers present in the lipopolysaccharide of burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia serogroup o4.like several other strains of burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia, the reference strain for serogroup o4 in the french typing scheme [heidt, a., monteil, h. & richard, c. (1983) j. clin. microbiol. 18, 738-740] produces a lipopolysaccharide containing two distinct polymers. attempts to separate the polymers chromatographically were unsuccessful, but the periodate-resistant major polymer could be isolated by application of the smith degradation technique to the mixture. by means of chemical and nm ...19957544286
[the isolation and characteristics of cloned strains of pseudomonas pseudomallei phages].on the basis of museum strains of the melioidosis agent pseudomonas pseudomallei, 14 pure lines of bacteriophages were isolated belonging to morphological groups iv and v according to the classification by a. s. tikhonenko. these phages show a broad bacteriolytic range as far as museum p. pseudomallei cultures are concerned. it was determined that some phages isolated from the same melioidosis culture and belonging to the same morphological type display different bacteriolytic activity. it is de ...19957544671
subdivision of burkholderia pseudomallei ribotypes into multiple types by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis provides new insights into epidemiology.ribotyping has previously been used for epidemiological studies of burkholderia pseudomallei (previously pseudomonas pseudomallei). we show here that random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis allows subdivision of strains of the same ribotype. with five different primers, no two epidemiologically unrelated isolates of any single ribotype in this study of 102 isolates from humans, goats, cats, and soil had identical rapd patterns. conversely, rapd analysis showed clonality for isolates fro ...19957545176
bacterial infection in cystic fibrosis (cf): special reference to mycobacteria and burkholderia cepacia. 19957547352
purification and characterization of an exopolysaccharide of burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei (basonym pseudomonas pseudomallei) is the causative organism of melioidosis, a disease which is recognized as a major public health problem primarily in southeast asia and northern australia. in this paper, we report on the identification, purification, and characterization of a species-specific exopolysaccharide of b. pseudomallei. after immunization of mice with a b. pseudomallei strain exhibiting mucoid growth characteristics, we isolated an immunoglobulin g1 monoclo ...19957558305
clinically practical seminested pcr for burkholderia pseudomallei quantitated by enzyme immunoassay with and without solution hybridization.diagnosis of melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei (formerly pseudomonas pseudomallei), is made initially by antibody testing, which is not always sensitive or specific. we have developed two seminested pcr protocols combined with enzyme immunoassay (eia) to detect the conserved ribosomal regulatory region of b. pseudomallei. both pcrs used one biotinylated primer for capturing pcr products on eia plates. one system, termed solution hybridization eia (sheia), hyb ...19957559961
auxotrophy of burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia from cystic fibrosis patients.the nutritional status of 89 isolates of burkholderia cepacia from 81 cystic fibrosis (cf) patients was evaluated. forty of the isolates, from 38 patients, were not able to grow in a minimal medium containing glucose and mineral salts only and were thus auxotrophs. in contrast, all of 29 isolates from non-cf (clinical and environmental) sources were prototrophic. addition of a pool of amino acids to the minimal medium was sufficient to promote growth of all tested cf auxotrophic isolates. indeed ...19957559977
the emergence of epidemic, multiple-antibiotic-resistant stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia and burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia.stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia has recently emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen in immunocompromised cancer patients and transplant recipients. s. maltophilia has been documented as a cause of bacteraemia, infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts, meningitis, serious wound infections, mastoiditis, epididymitis, conjunctivitis and endocarditis. the reservoir of s. maltophilia and the mechanisms by which it is transmitted, remain largely unknown. risk analysis has shown ...19957560984
visceral abscess in melioidosis.a retrospective analysis was done in 81 patients with visceral abscess due to melioidosis treated at khon kaen hospital, northeastern thailand from 1985 to 1993. the clinical presentations were fever 100 per cent, abdominal pain 39 per cent, cough 34.8 per cent, abdominal tenderness 27.5 per cent and palpable mass 24.6 per cent. the laboratory findings were not diagnostic of the etiology. the abscesses were detected by ultrasonography in 97.25 per cent and computed tomography 2.25 per cent. the ...19957561544
burkholderia pseudomallei and indian plague-like illness. 19957564697
burkholderia pseudomallei and indian plague-like illness. 19957564767
genetic and molecular analysis of a regulatory region of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate catabolic plasmid pjp4.in alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134, pjp4 carries the genes coding for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-d) and 3-chlorobenzoate (3-cba) degradation plus mercury resistance. the plasmid genes specifying 2,4-d and 3-cba catabolism are organized in three operons: tfda, tfdb, and tfdcdef. regulation of these operons by two unlinked genes, tfdr and tfds, has been proposed. physical and dna sequence analyses revealed that the tfdr and tfds genes were identical and were located within a longer inverted repe ...19957565094
[molecular typing by pulsed field gel electrophoresis of pseudomonas (burkholderia) cepacia isolated from a nosocomial infection].because of the emergence of pseudomonas (burkholderia) cepacia, isolated among patients from an intensive care unit of the hôpital pellegrin (bordeaux), strains were studied in the aim to determine the source and the mode of transmission of the bacteria. the study was performed on 44 isolates of p. cepacia from 21 patients (23 strains) or from the environment (16 isolates from ventilators and five from the distilled water used for these ventilators). susceptibility to 23 antibiotics of these str ...19957567128
comparison of pseudomonas pseudomallei from humans, animals, soil and water by restriction endonuclease analysis.pseudomonas pseudomallei isolates from 62 human, 17 animal, 3 soil and 3 water samples were examined by genomic dna digestion with psti. five major (re i, ii, iii, iv, v) reproducible restriction patterns were observed, with most (56/62) of the human isolates displaying re i (30/62), ii (5/62), iii (15/62), iv (4/62), v (2/62), and the animal (16/17), soil (2/3), water (3/3) isolates showing predominantly re ii profiles. six human and one soil isolates showed patterns different from those of re ...19957570138
a meta cleavage pathway for 4-chlorobenzoate, an intermediate in the metabolism of 4-chlorobiphenyl by pseudomonas cepacia p166.bacterial degradation of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls proceeds by a well-studied pathway which produces benzoate and 2-hydroxypent-2,4-dienoate (or, in the case of polychlorinated biphenyls, the chlorinated derivatives of these compounds). pseudomonas cepacia p166 utilizes 4-chlorobiphenyl for growth and produces 4-chlorobenzoate as a central intermediate. in this study we found that strain p166 further transforms 4-chlorobenzoate to 4-chlorocatechol, which is mineralized by a meta cle ...19957574580
cloning and sequencing of the genes involved in glyphosate utilization by pseudomonas pseudomallei.thirty-four strains of pseudomonas pseudomallei isolated from soil were selected for their ability to degrade the phosphonate herbicide glyphosate. all strains tested were able to grow on glyphosate as the only phosphorus source without the addition of aromatic amino acids. one of these strains, p. pseudomallei 22, showed 50% glyphosate degradation in 40 h in glyphosate medium. from a genomic library of this strain constructed in puc19, we have isolated a plasmid carrying a 3.0-kb dna fragment w ...19957574593
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degrading bacteria contain mosaics of catabolic genes.dna from 32 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)-degrading bacteria from diverse locations was probed with the first three genes of the well-known 2,4-d degradation pathway found in alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134(pjp4). the majority of strains did not show high levels of homology to the first three genes of the 2,4-d degradation pathway, tfda, -b, and -c. most strains showed combinations of tfda-, b-, and c-like elements that exhibited various degrees of homology to the gene probes. strains havi ...19957574638
nucleotide sequence analysis of genes encoding a toluene/benzene-2-monooxygenase from pseudomonas sp. strain js150.it was previously shown by others that pseudomonas sp. strain js150 metabolizes benzene and alkyl- and chloro-substituted benzenes by using dioxygenase-initiated pathways coupled with multiple downstream metabolic pathways to accommodate catechol metabolism. by cloning genes encoding benzene-degradative enzymes, we found that strain js150 also carries genes for a toluene/benzene-2-monooxygenase. the gene cluster encoding a 2-monooxygenase and its cognate regulator was cloned from a plasmid carri ...19957574644
induction of toluene oxidation activity in pseudomonas mendocina kr1 and pseudomonas sp. strain envpc5 by chlorinated solvents and alkanes.toluene oxidation activity in pseudomonas mendocina kr1 and pseudomonas sp. strain envpc5 was induced by trichloroethylene (tce), and induction was followed by the degradation of tce. higher levels of toluene oxidation activity were achieved in the presence of a supplemental growth substrate such as glutamate, with levels of activity of up to 86% of that observed with toluene-induced cells. activity in p. mendocina kr1 was also induced by cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, chloroethane ...19957574658
isolation of uracil auxotrophs from burkholderia cepacia atcc 25416.two uracil auxotrophs of the phytopathogen burkolderia cepacia atcc 25416, which is known to be involved in food spoilage, were isolated by a combination of ethylmethane sulphonate and d-cycloserine counterselection. one mutant exhibited depressed orotate phosphoribosyltransferase activity while the other mutant lacked orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase activity. pyrimidine limitation of either auxotroph elevated aspartate transcarbamoylase and dihydroorotase activities by at least 1:5-fol ...19957576529
pyrimidine synthesis in burkholderia cepacia atcc 25416.pyrimidine synthesis in the food spoilage agent burkholderia cepacia atcc 25416 was investigated. the five de novo pathway enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis were found to be active in b. cepacia atcc 25416 and growth of this strain on uracil had an effect on the de novo enzyme activities. the in vitro regulation of aspartate transcarbamoylase activity in b. cepacia atcc 25416 was studies and its activity was inhibited by pp(i), atp, gtp, ctp and utp. the enzymes cytidine deaminase, uridine phos ...19957576530
the influence of physicochemical effects on the microbial degradation of chlorinated biphenyls.the influence of different forms of substrate administration (either through the vapour phase or the liquid phase) on growth of two bacterial strains on biphenyl, 2-chlorobiphenyl, and 3,5-dichlorobiphenyl has been investigated. during growth with all three compounds, the availability of the substrate for the cells turned out to be the growth-limiting factor, even in liquid culture with excess substrate supplied to the medium. growth on biphenyl and 2-chlorobiphenyl could be greatly enhanced if ...19957576558
purification and characterization of toluene 2-monooxygenase from burkholderia cepacia g4.recent in vivo studies indicate that ring monooxygenation is a widespread mechanism by which bacteria metabolize aromatic hydrocarbons and obtain carbon and energy. in this study, toluene 2-monooxygenase from burkholderia (formerly pseudomonas) cepacia g4 was purified to homogeneity and found to be a three-component enzyme system. the reconstituted enzyme system oxidized toluene to o-cresol and o-cresol to 3-methylcatechol, an important intermediate for growth of the bacterium on toluene. steady ...19957578004
ornibactin production and transport properties in strains of burkholderia vietnamiensis and burkholderia cepacia (formerly pseudomonas cepacia).several strains of burkholderia vietnamiensis, isolated from the rhizosphere of rice plants, and four strains formerly known as pseudomonas cepacia including two collection strains and two clinical isolates were compared for siderophore production and iron uptake. the b. vietnamiensis (tvv strains) as well as the b. cepacia strains (atcc 25416 and atcc 17759) and the clinical isolates k132 and lmg 6999 were all found to produce ornibactins under iron starvation. the two atcc strains of b. cepaci ...19957580051
oligonucleotide primers designed to differentiate pathogenic pseudomonads on the basis of the sequencing of genes coding for 16s-23s rrna internal transcribed spacers.universal primers targeting conserved sequences flanking the 3' end of the 16s and the 5' end of the 23s rrna genes (rdnas) were used to amplify the 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacers (its) from eight species of pseudomonads which have been associated with human infections. amplicons from reference strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas cepacia, pseudomonas gladioli, pseudomonas mallei, pseudomonas mendocina, pseudomonas pickettii, pseudomonas pseudomallei, and xanthomonas maltoph ...19957583922
identifying the killer in cystic fibrosis. 19957585137
the emergence of a highly transmissible lineage of cbl+ pseudomonas (burkholderia) cepacia causing cf centre epidemics in north america and britain.the rapid increase in pseudomonas (burkholderia) cepacia infection in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients suggests epidemic transmission, but the degree of transmissibility remains controversial as conflicting conclusions have been drawn from studies at different cf centres. this report provides the first dna sequence-based documentation of a divergent evolutionary lineage of p. cepacia associated with cf centre epidemics in north america (toronto) and europe (edinburgh). the involved epidemic clone e ...19957585148
pulmonary melioidosis.melioidosis is the name given to all diseases caused by the bacterium pseudomonas pseudomallei. melioidosis is a tropical disease and prevails in parts of southeast asia, northern australia, and central and south america. however, in recent years, cases of melioidosis have been reported in the united states and other areas. the organism can infect any organ system, although the lung is the most common organ affected. pulmonary melioidosis presents either as an acute fulminant pneumonia or as an ...19957587451
are all carbapenems created equal? 19957592186
are all carbapenems created equal? 19957592187
influence of pseudomonas aeruginosa exoproducts on virulence factor production in burkholderia cepacia: evidence of interspecies communication.the effect of concentrated cell-free extracellular material from stationary-phase cultures of burkholderia cepacia 10661 and pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 on virulence factor production in b. cepacia was assessed. while increasing concentrations of the b. cepacia exoproduct caused a slight increase in siderophore, lipase, and protease production in the producing organism, a significant in productivity was observed for all three virulence factors with the addition of the pao1 exoproduct. moreover, ...19957592496
evidence that operons tcb, tfd, and clc encode maleylacetate reductase, the fourth enzyme of the modified ortho pathway.the maleylacetate reductase from pseudomonas sp. strain b13 functioning in the modified ortho pathway was purified and digested with trypsin. the polypeptides separated by high-performance liquid chromatography were sequenced. alignments with the polypeptides predicted from the tfdf and tcbf genes located on plasmids pjp4 of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate-degrading alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134 and pp51 of the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene-degrading pseudomonas sp. strain p51 as well as polypeptides pre ...19957601858
conservation of the hypersensitivity-pathogenicity regulatory gene hrpx of xanthomonas campestris and x. oryzae.the hrpx gene is essential for pathogenicity of xanthomonas species. loss of hrpx by mutation results in the loss of pathogenicity and a gain in the ability of xanthomonas to cause the hypersensitive response in their respective host plants, suggesting that hrpx confers a means to evade this host defense response. the function of hrpx protein was predicted by sequencing of hrpxc and hrpxo from x. campestris pv. campestris and x. oryzae, respectively. the predicted amino acid sequences of the pro ...19957626786
biological activity of burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia lipopolysaccharide.burkholderia cepacia has emerged as an important multiresistant pathogen in cystic fibrosis (cf), associated in 20% of colonised patients with a rapid and fatal decline in lung function. although knowledge of b. cepacia epidemiology has improved, the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis remain obscure. in this study, b. cepacia lipopolysaccharide (lps) was assessed for endotoxic potential and the capacity to induce tumour necrosis factor (tnf). lps preparations from clinical and environmental iso ...19957640678
isolation and treatment of cystic fibrosis patients with lung infections caused by pseudomonas (burkholderia) cepacia and multiresistant pseudomonas aeruginosa.cross-infection with pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas cepacia has been shown sometimes to occur between cystic fibrosis (cf) patients in some cf centres, in some summer camps and during some social contacts between cf patients. cohort isolation and improved hygienic precautions, however, have successfully been employed in some cf centres resulting in a decrease or elimination of cross-infection. chronic p. aeruginosa infection is in most cf patients preceded by a period of intermittent col ...19957643943
maintenance treatment with antibiotics in cystic fibrosis patients. sense or nonsense?the majority of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) have chronic lung infection with a variety of organisms. it is accepted clinical practice to treat acute exacerbations of infection with appropriate oral or intravenous antibiotics. the aim of this paper is to review the use of maintenance antibiotics for these patients with chronic pulmonary infection. there is clinical trial evidence to support the use of maintenance treatment for patients chronically infected with staphylococcus aureus or pse ...19957643944
genetic structure of a lotic population of burkolderia (pseudomonas) cepacia.the genetic structure of a population of burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia isolated from a southeastern blackwater stream was investigated by using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis to examine the allelic variation in eight structural gene loci. overall, 213 isolates were collected at transect points along the stream continuum, from both the sediments along the bank and the water column. multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis revealed 164 distinct electrophoretic types, and the mean genetic ...19957646017
monoclonal antibodies to pseudomonas pseudomallei and their potential for diagnosis of melioidosis.monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for pseudomonas pseudomallei antigens were produced by immunizing balb/c mice with a crude whole cell extract. hybrids secreting mabs specific for p. pseudomallei antigens were identified by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) against a panel of crude whole cell extracts from p. pseudomallei, p. cepacia, p. aeruginosa, p. putida, p. alcaligenes, xanthomonas maltophilia, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, salmonel ...19957535014
recovery of pseudomonas cepacia and other pseudomonas species from the environment.nine hundred sixteen cultures were obtained from homes of patients with cystic fibrosis, control homes, salad bars, and food markets, and analyzed for the presence of pseudomonas cepacia and related bacteria. p cepacia was recovered from 5 (18%) of 27 homes, and from 20 (4%) of 509 cultures collected outside of homes. relative to other pseudomonads, p cepacia is found infrequently in the environment. it is not clear how frequently these sources contribute to acquisition of this bacteria by perso ...19957534780
cable (cbl) type ii pili of cystic fibrosis-associated burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia: nucleotide sequence of the cbla major subunit pilin gene and novel morphology of the assembled appendage fibers.previous studies have shown that appendage pili of burkholderia cepacia strains isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) at the hospital for sick children, toronto, canada, mediate adherence to mucus glycoproteins and also enhance adherence to epithelial cells. the specific pilin-associated adhesin molecule is a 22-kda protein. in the present study we purified the major subunit pilin (17 kda) and immunolocalized it to peritrichously arranged pili. on the basis of their novel morphologica ...19957532166
structurally variant classes of pilus appendage fibers coexpressed from burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia.one or more of five morphologically distinct classes of appendage pili were determined to be peritrichously expressed by burkholderia (formerly pseudomonas) cepacia isolated from disparate sources. b. cepacia-encoded cbla pilin gene hybridization-based analysis revealed that one associated class, cable (cbl) adhesin type iib. cepacia pili, correlates with epidemically transmitted strains from a single cystic fibrosis (cf) center. when only phenotypic assays were available, correlations between t ...19957532167
burkholderia cepacia in cystic fibrosis. 19957532284
burkholderia cepacia in cystic fibrosis. 19957532285
burkholderia cepacia in cystic fibrosis. 19957532286
unusual cause of pseudomonal infection. 19957532502
improved results of lung transplantation for patients with cystic fibrosis.patients with cystic fibrosis pose particular challenges for lung transplant surgeons. earlier reports from north american centers suggested that patients with cystic fibrosis were at greater risk for heart-lung or isolated lung transplantation than other patients with end-stage pulmonary disease. during a 3 1/2 year period, 44 patients with end-stage lung disease resulting from cystic fibrosis underwent double lung transplantation at this institution. during the same interval, 18 patients with ...19957531796
plague in india. 19957529862
cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the plasmid-encoded genes for the two-component 2-halobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase from pseudomonas cepacia 2cbs.the two-component nonheme iron dioxygenase system 2-halobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase from pseudomonas cepacia 2cbs catalyzes the double hydroxylation of 2-halobenzoates with concomitant release of halogenide and carbon dioxide, yielding catechol. the gene cluster encoding this enzyme, cbdabc, was localized on a 70-kbp conjugative plasmid designated pbah1. the nucleotide sequences of cbdabc and flanking regions were determined. in the deduced amino acid sequence of the large subunit of the terminal o ...19957530709
verapamil-tobramycin synergy in pseudomonas cepacia but not pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro.virtually all patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) die of respiratory failure resulting from chronic progressive pulmonary infections. pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas (burkholderia) cepacia are the two major bacterial pathogens responsible for the pulmonary deterioration in these patients. tobramycin has variable inhibitory effects on these organisms, but in many isolates this inhibition is increased in vitro by exposure to the diuretic, amiloride. aerosolized amiloride has been shown to be ...19958521733
[pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas mallei--capsule-forming bacteria].the specific features of the submicroscopic structure of the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, grown in culture media and at the initial stages of experimental infection in guinea pigs and golden hamsters, were studied with the use of electronic cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry. p. pseudomallei and p. mallei were found to be capsule-forming bacteria. according to the data obtained with the use of electronic cytochemistry, the basis of the capsular substance p. pseudomallei and p ...19958525729
contamination of crystal violet in the gram stain method. 19957535805
an outbreak of burkholderia (formerly pseudomonas) cepacia respiratory tract colonization and infection associated with nebulized albuterol therapy.to investigate an outbreak of burkholderia (formerly pseudomonas) cepacia respiratory tract colonization and infection in mechanically ventilated patients.19957536401
defining potential targets for immunotherapy in burkholderia cepacia infection.burkholderia cepacia has become a serious source of infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. antibiotic therapy is difficult as the bacteria are intrinsically resistant to most antibiotics. the present study compared the antibody response by immunoblot of 50 negative control sera, 22 patients with cystic fibrosis and no evidence of b. cepacia, 9 clinically well patients with cystic fibrosis colonised by b. cepacia and 5 patients with cystic fibrosis and deteriorating or fatal b. cepacia infec ...19957536517
xanthomonas maltophilia misidentified as pseudomonas cepacia in cultures of sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis: a diagnostic pitfall with major clinical implications.pseudomonas cepacia infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) has major significance in terms of infection control, psychosocial issues, and medical treatment. we describe three instances in which the diagnostic laboratory misidentified xanthomonas maltophilia as p. cepacia in cultures of sputum from patients with cf. these errors were recognized when 3 (9%) of 32 isolates, which had all been identified as p. cepacia and had been submitted to the canadian pseudomonas repository laboratory ...19957537977
latex agglutination for rapid detection of pseudomonas pseudomallei antigen in urine of patients with melioidosis.a latex agglutination test for the detection of pseudomonas pseudomallei antigen in urine was evaluated for the rapid diagnosis of melioidosis. with unconcentrated urine, antigen was detected in only 18% of patients with melioidosis overall. however, when urine was concentrated 100-fold, antigen was detected in 47% overall and in 67% of patients with septicaemia or disseminated infection, in whom a rapid diagnosis is most important. the specificity of the test was 100%. these results compared fa ...19957538150
selective broths for the isolation of pseudomonas pseudomallei from clinical samples. 19957538232
isolation of pseudomonas pseudomallei from soil in north-eastern thailand.in order to optimize the recovery from soil of pseudomonas pseudomallei, the cause of melioidosis, 3 selective broths were compared. a basal salt solution containing l-threonine (tbss) performed significantly better than trypticase soy broth containing crystal violet and colistin 50 mg/l (cvc50), both in isolation rate and suppression of overgrowth of other organisms, but the addition of colistin to tbss gave the best results overall. in a survey in north-eastern thailand, p. pseudomallei was re ...19957538233
sequence analysis of a gene cluster involved in metabolism of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid by burkholderia cepacia ac1100.burkholderia cepacia ac1100 utilizes 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-t) as a sole source of carbon and energy. pt88 is a chromosomal deletion mutant of b. cepacia ac1100 and is unable to grow on 2,4,5-t. the nucleotide sequence of a 5.5-kb chromosomal fragment from b. cepacia ac1100 which complemented pt88 for growth on 2,4,5-t was determined. the sequence revealed the presence of six open reading frames, designated orf1 to orf6. five polypeptides were produced when this dna region was ...19957538273
tom, a new aromatic degradative plasmid from burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia g4.burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia pr1(23) has been shown to constitutively express to toluene catabolic pathway distinguished by a unique toluene ortho-monooxygenase (tom). this strain has also been shown to contain two extrachromosomal elements of < 70 and > 100 kb. a derivative strain cured of the largest plasmid, pr1(23) cure, was unable to grow on phenol or toluene as the sole source of carbon and energy, which requires expression of the tom pathway. transfer of the larger plasmid from stra ...19957538275
identification of aquatic burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia by hybridization with species-specific rrna gene probes.burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia is a common environmental bacterium which can be pathogenic for plants and humans. in this study, four strategies were used to identify aquatic isolates: api test strips, hybridization with species-specific dna probes for the 16s and 23s rrna genes, fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles, and growth on selective medium (tb-t agar [c. hagedorn, w. d. gould, t. r. bardinelli, and d. r. gustarson, appl. environ. microbiol. 53:2265-2268, 1987]). only 59% of the is ...19957538282
cloning and nucleotide sequence comparison of the groe operon of pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cepacia.by alignment of groel amino acid sequences from four distantly related bacteria two highly conserved domains were identified. two oligonucleotides complementary to the conserved domains were designed based on the preferred pseudomonas aeruginosa codon usage. the primers were used in the pcr to amplify a 900-base fragment of the p. aeruginosa groel gene. the fragment was sequenced and the partial groel sequence was expanded by vectorette pcr upstream and downstream to cover the complete p. aerugi ...19957538307
[transport medium for pathogenic pseudomonads].a transporting medium was designed for the transportation and preservation for 5 to 7 days of material infected with agents of malleus and melioidosis. foreign contaminating microorganisms gradually die in this medium, whereas solitary cells of malleus and melioidosis agents (100 bacterial cells per 0.1 ml) survive.19957538858
[differentiation between glanders and melioidosis]. 19957538860
serum igg response to burkholderia cepacia outer membrane antigens in cystic fibrosis: assessment of cross-reactivity with pseudomonas aeruginosa.burkholderia cepacia (pseudomonas cepacia) is now recognised as an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients, and several reports have suggested that sputum-culture-proven colonisation occurs despite the presence of specific antibody. in an attempt to establish the use of antibody studies as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of b. cepacia infection, we have examined the igg response to b. cepacia outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharide in patients also colonised with p. aeruginosa ...19957539670
genetic diversity of burkholderia solanacearum (synonym pseudomonas solanacearum) race 3 in kenya.genetic diversity among isolates of the bacterial plant pathogen burkholderia solanacearum (synonym pseudomonas solanacearum) race 3 biovar ii of kenya was determined by pcr with repetitive sequences (eric and box repetitive primer sets) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic dna digested by rare-cutting restriction endonucleases (rc-pfge). the study comprised 46 isolates collected during 1992 from the major potato-growing regions of kenya (45 were identified as race 3 biovar ii, and 1 ...19958534093
substrate diversity and expression of the 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid oxygenase from burkholderia cepacia ac1100.burkholderia cepacia ac1100 uses the chlorinated aromatic compound 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid as a sole source of carbon and energy. the genes encoding the proteins involved in the first step (tfta and tftb [previously designated tfta1 and tfta2, respectively]) have been cloned and sequenced. the oxygenase, tftab, is capable of converting not only 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid to 2,4,5-trichlorophenol but also a wide range of chlorinated aromatic phenoxyacetates to their corresponding ...19958534119
epr, electron spin echo envelope modulation, and electron nuclear double resonance studies of the 2fe2s centers of the 2-halobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase from burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia 2cbs.the 2-halobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase from burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia 2cbs (fetzner, s., müller, r., and lingens, f. (1992) j. bacteriol. 174, 279-290) contains both a ferredoxin-type and a rieske-type 2fe2s center. these two significantly different 2fe2s clusters were characterized with respect to their epr spectra, electrochemical properties (rieske-type cluster with gz = 2.025, gy = 1.91, gx = 1.79, gav = 1.91, em = -125 +/- 10 mv; ferredoxin-type center with gz = 2.05, gy = 1.96, gx = 1 ...19958537340
melioidosis in a goat.melioidosis was diagnosed in an adult boer goat ewe. the owner initially noticed swelling of one half of the udder. several firm nodules developed in the affected part of the udder 2 weeks later. at necropsy, abscesses containing a creamy to yellowish-green exudate were found in the mammary gland and one of the kidneys. pure cultures of pseudomonas pseudomallei were isolated from the abscesses in the udder and inoculation of male guinea-pigs with the causative bacterium, produced a shwartzman re ...19958544164
electron microscopy study of the mode of growth of pseudomonas pseudomallei in vitro and in vivo.the mode of growth of pseudomonas pseudomallei in culture media and in the lung tissue of infected humans and animals was studied using transmission electron microscopy (tem) and scanning electron microscopy (sem). in culture media, p. pseudomallei cells were seen to be entrapped in microcolonies within large amounts of intercellular fibrous material. the lung tissue of infected humans and animals showed that bacterial cells growing in lung tissue were surrounded by radially arranged fibres that ...19958544219
prevalence of gca, a gene involved in synthesis of a-band common antigen polysaccharide in pseudomonas aeruginosa.two distinct forms of lipopolysaccharide are expressed by pseudomonas aeruginosa. these forms are known as the a band and the b band. in an attempt to obtain a better understanding of a-band lipopolysaccharide synthesis, a previously isolated a-band gene known as the gca gene (gdp-d-mannose conversion protein for a-band common antigen polysaccharide) was sequenced and analyzed. previous protein expression data from our laboratory, along with nucleotide sequence analysis from the present study, s ...19958548534
in vitro activity of tosufloxacin against pseudomonas pseudomallei, salmonella spp. and other enterobacteriaceae. 19958549324
outcome of burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia colonisation in children with cystic fibrosis following a hospital outbreak.while there are reports on the outcome in adults and teenagers with cystic fibrosis of colonisation with burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia, there is little information in children.19958553277
[monoclonal antibodies in the differentiation of pseudomonas mallei and pseudomonas pseudomallei]. 19958553724
[the acid exopolysaccharide of the causative agent of melioidosis]. 19958553726
[the production of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to the causative agent of melioidosis by using antigen-stimulated lymphocytes in an in-vitro system]. 19958553782
burkholderia cepacia sepsis in neonates. 19958559639
quantitative recovery of burkholderia pseudomallei from soil in thailand.melioidosis is common in north-eastern thailand, but is reported rarely from the adjacent areas of central thailand, although rice farming is common to both regions. quantitative soil cultures for burkholderia pseudomallei were therefore prepared on 12 rice farms in both regions. b. pseudomallei was isolated from a similar proportion of rice fields in the central region (6/12) and in the north-east (7/12). within the culture-positive sites, the number of b. pseudomallei colony-forming units (cfu ...19958560518
survival of burkholderia pseudomallei in the absence of nutrients. 19958560519
evaluating the preservative effectiveness of rgp lens care solutions.we examined the antimicrobial preservative efficacy of nine rigid gas permeable (rgp) contact lens care solutions by challenging them in a laboratory study with both standard test organisms and preservative-resistant strains. solutions containing polyhexamethylene biguanide (phmb), such as boston advance (15 ppm) and a boston advance enhanced comfort formula (5 ppm phmb + 30 ppm chlorhexidine gluconate [chg]) were most effective at rapidly killing vegetative cells, killing all bacteria and yeast ...19958565192
role of open lung biopsy for diagnosis in lung transplant recipients: ten-year experience.between november 1983 and august 1993, the toronto lung transplant program performed 153 transplantations in 144 recipients: 53 single-lung transplantations (slt) and 100 double-lung transplantations (dlt). thirty-eight open lung biopsies (olbs) were done in 32 (22% of all recipients): 19 in slt (36% of slt) 12 in dlt (12% of dlt), and 1 in a patient who had a slt and then a double retransplantation. six recipients underwent olb twice: 1 dlt, 3 slt, and 2 who had olb both before and after retran ...19957695420
characterization and sequence of a novel insertion sequence, is1162, from pseudomonas fluorescens.we have determined the nucleotide sequence of is1162, a new insertion sequence (is) isolated from pseudomonas fluorescens (pf) strain st. this is element is present in two copies on the peg plasmid harboured by pf st and in a single copy on the chromosome, adjacent to the styrene catabolic genes. is1162 is 2634 bp in length with 12-bp terminal inverted repeats (ir), and could encode four proteins (orfs), two for each strand. one strand, pro1 (62,990 da), showed a helix-turn-helix motif at the n- ...19957698671
the histopathology of human melioidosis.we examined human tissues infected by burkholderia (pseudomonas) pseudomallei which is endemic in malaysia to study the types of inflammation invoked, and to look for histopathological clues to its diagnosis. the lesions which varied from acute to chronic granulomatous inflammation were not tissue-specific. in five autopsy cases, the inflammation was usually a focal or diffuse, acute necrotising inflammation with varying numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and 'giant cells'. the 'gi ...19957713483
in vitro activity of bms-181139, a new carbapenem with potent antipseudomonal activity.the in vitro activities of the carbapenem bms-181139 were determined in comparison with those of imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and vancomycin. bms-181139 was the most active against species of pseudomonas and related genera alteromonas and burkholderia, with mics for 147 of 149 isolates of < 4 micrograms/ml. of 22 imipenem-resistant (mic > 8 micrograms/ml) p. aeruginosa strains, only 1 required an mic of bms-181139 of > 4 micrograms/ml, compared with 14 requiring the same mero ...19957726502
comparative ribosomal protein sequence analyses of a phylogenetically defined genus, pseudomonas, and its relatives.i analyzed various families of ribosomal proteins obtained from selected species belonging to the genus pseudomonas sensu stricto and allied organisms which were previously classified in the genus pseudomonas. partial amino acid sequencing of l30 preparations revealed that the strains which i examined could be divided into three clusters. the first cluster, which was assigned to the genus pseudomonas sensu stricto, included pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas mendocina, and p ...19957727274
chronic osteomyelitis due to burkholderia pseudomallei. 19957752966
tracking the response of burkholderia cepacia g4 5223-pr1 in aquifer microcosms.the introduction of bacteria into the environment for bioremediation purposes (bioaugmentation) requires analysis and monitoring of microbial population dynamics to define persistence and activity from both efficacy and risk assessment perspectives. burkholderia cepacia g4 5223-pr1 is a tn5 insertion mutant which constitutively expresses a toluene ortho-monooxygenase that degrades trichloroethylene (tce). this ability of g4 5223-pr1 to degrade tce without aromatic induction may be useful for bio ...199516534928
nickel-resistant bacteria from anthropogenically nickel-polluted and naturally nickel-percolated ecosystems.dna fragments harboring the nickel resistance determinants from bacteria isolated from anthropogenically polluted ecosystems in europe and zaire were compared with those harboring the nickel resistance determinants from bacteria isolated from naturally nickel-percolated soils from new caledonia by dna-dna hybridization. the biotinylated dna probes were derived from the previously described alcaligenes eutrophus ch34, alcaligenes xylosoxidans 31a, alcaligenes denitrificans 4a-2, and klebsiella ox ...199516535048
burkholderia pseudomallei requires zn(sup2+) for optimal exoprotease production in chemically defined media.the effects of various medium components on exoprotease production by burkholderia pseudomallei were studied in order to understand the production of virulence factors by this pathogenic organism. feso(inf4), nacl, and mgso(inf4) do not significantly affect exoprotease activity, and cacl(inf2) has only a slight influence. conversely, zncl(inf2) plays a fundamental role since it drastically increases exoprotease production.199516535112
removal of burkholderia cepacia biofilms with oxidants.iodine is used to disinfect the water system aboard us space shuttles and is the anticipated biocide for the international space station. water quality on spacecraft must be maintained at the highest possible levels for the safety of the crew. furthermore, the treatment process used to maintain the quality of water on research must be robust and operate for long periods with minimal crew intervention. biofilms are recalcitrant and pose a major threat with regard to chronic contamination of sp ...199511541193
enterobacterial intergenic consensus sequence polymerase chain reaction as a typing method for burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia.objective: we developed a rapid polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method, which utilizes primers from an enterobacterial repetitive consensus sequence, to differentiate among strains of burkholderia cepacia. we then applied this method to isolates from a device-associated pseudoinfection and also compared the discriminative typing potential with that of another pcr-based method. methods: a simplified lysis procedure was used to generate dna substrate for amplification by a pcr method which utilize ...199611866813
meropenem in cystic fibrosis patients infected with resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa or burkholderia cepacia and with hypersensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics.objective: to assess the efficacy and safety of meropenem, administered on a compassionate basis to 62 cystic fibrosis (cf) patients (age: 24plus minus6 years) with hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics and/or infection by bacteria resistant to other antibiotics. methods: fifty-seven patients were chronically infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa and 5 with burkholderia cepacia. in total, 124 courses (1 to 6/patient) of meropenem, 2 g three times a day by intravenous infusion (10 ...199611866824
bacteriocin typing of burkholderia (pseudomonas) solanacearum race 1 of the french west indies and correlation with genomic variation of the pathogen.burkholderia solanacearum race 1 isolates indigenous to the french west indies were characterized by bacteriocin typing and two genomic fingerprinting methods: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic dna digested by rare-cutting restriction endonucleases (rc-pfge) and pcr with primers corresponding to repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric), and box elements (collectively known as rep-pcr). the survey comprised 24 reference strains and ...199616535234
degradation of toluene and trichloroethylene by burkholderia cepacia g4 in growth-limited fed-batch culture.burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia g4 was cultivated in a fed-batch bioreactor on either toluene or toluene plus trichloroethylene (tce). the culture was allowed to reach a constant cell density under conditions in which the amount of toluene supplied equals the maintenance energy demand of the culture. compared with toluene only, the presence of tce at a toluene/tce ratio of 2.3 caused a fourfold increase in the specific maintenance requirement for toluene from 22 to 94 nmol mg of cells (dry we ...199616535277
temporal variation in genetic diversity and structure of a lotic population of burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia.the genetic structure and temporal patterns of genetic diversity in a population of burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia, isolated from a southeastern blackwater stream, were investigated by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. allelic variation in seven structural gene loci was monitored at a single stream location at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h and at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 days. over the length of the study, 217 isolates were collected, from which 65 unique electrophoretic types (ets) were identified. most o ...199616535308
evidence for acquisition in nature of a chromosomal 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid/(alpha)-ketoglutarate dioxygenase gene by different burkholderia spp.we characterized the gene required to initiate the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) by the soil bacterium burkholderia sp. strain tfd6, which hybridized to the tfda gene of the canonical 2,4-d catabolic plasmid pjp4 under low-stringency conditions. cleavage of the ether bond of 2,4-d by cell extracts of tfd6 proceeded by an (alpha)-ketoglutarate-dependent reaction, characteristic of tfda (f. fukumori and r. p. hausinger, j. bacteriol. 175:2083-2086, 1993). the tfd6 tfda gene ...199616535356
bacteria are omnipresent on phanerochaete chrysosporium burdsall.bacteria have been isolated from 10 different strains of phanerochaete chrysosporium, a white rot fungus which degrades lignocellulosic materials. the investigations showed that one or more bacterial species were always associated with the fungus. various attempts to eliminate the bacteria on the fungus were unsuccessful. three different bacterial species were isolated and identified. one of these was agrobacterium radiobacter, while another may represent a new taxon close to the genus burkholde ...199616535357
analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of strains of burkholderia solanacearum, pseudomonas syzygii, and the blood disease bacterium of banana based on 16s rrna gene sequences.we determined nearly complete 16s rrna gene sequences for 19 isolates of burkholderia solanacearum, three isolates of the blood disease bacterium of bananas, and two isolates of pseudomonas syzygii, the cause of sumatra disease of cloves. the dendrogram produced by comparing all of these sequences revealed that there were two divisions, which corresponded to the results obtained previously in a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (d. cook, e. barlow, and l. sequeira, mol. plant mic ...19968573483
burkholderia cepacia and nebulized albuterol. 19968534010
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