Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| melioidosis, an environmental and occupational hazard in thailand. | melioidosis is a tropical environmental hazard that causes acute and chronic pulmonary disease, abscesses of the skin and internal organs, meningitis, brain abscess and cerebritis, and acute fulminant rapidly fatal sepsis. it is more common among adults, individuals with diabetes, and individuals with chronic renal disease, but it can occur in normal hosts and children. burkholderia pseudomellei is the most prevalent cause of community-acquired pneumonia, liver and splenic abscess, and sepsis in ... | 1999 | 10495639 |
| mediation of attachment of burkholderia pseudomallei to human pharyngeal epithelial cells by the asialoganglioside gm1-gm2 receptor complex. | melioidosis is the term given to any infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. this bacteria is one of the important causative agents of life-threatening pulmonary infections in the tropical and subtropical areas. the initiation of respiratory infections is attachment of this bacteria to pharyngeal cells. the precise mechanism of attachment of b. pseudomallei is not known. in this study, we found that asialoganglioside gm1 at concentrations of 25, 12.5, and 5 microg/ml significantly decreas ... | 1999 | 10497993 |
| cloning and characterization of a cryptic haloacid dehalogenase from burkholderia cepacia mba4. | burkholderia cepacia mba4 has been shown to produce a single dehalogenase batch culture. moreover, other cryptic dehalogenases were also detected when the cells were grown in continuous culture. in this paper, we report the cloning and characterization of one of the cryptic dehalogenases in mba4. this cryptic haloacid dehalogenase, designated chd1, was expressed constitutively in escherichia coli. this recombinant chd1 had a relative molecular weight of 58,000 and existed predominantly as a dime ... | 1999 | 10498712 |
| characterization of the phthalate permease ophd from burkholderia cepacia atcc 17616. | the ophd gene, encoding a permease for phthalate transport, was cloned from burkholderia cepacia atcc 17616. expression of the gene in escherichia coli results in the ability to transport phthalate rapidly into the cell. uptake inhibition experiments show that 4-hydroxyphthalate, 4-chlorophthalate, 4-methylphthalate, and cinchomeronate compete for the phthalate permease. an ophd knockout mutant of 17616 grows slightly more slowly on phthalate but is still able to take up phthalate at rates equiv ... | 1999 | 10498738 |
| combination antimicrobial therapy of acute burkholderia pseudomallei infection in a mouse model. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of south-east asia and northern australia. antimicrobial therapy regimens for treatment of acute septicemic melioidosis are of variable efficacy. ceftazidime is the current antibiotic of choice and is commonly administered with other agents such as cotrimoxazole or doxycycline. the emergence of resistant strains of b. pseudomallei and the persistence of high mortality rates prom ... | 1999 | 10503275 |
| the effect of human lactoferrin on the mics of doxycycline and rifampicin for burkholderia cepacia and pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. | the presence of lactoferrin at the concentration found in cystic fibrosis (cf) sputum (0.9 g/l) reduced mics and mbcs of doxycycline for burkholderia cepacia and pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. mics for b. cepacia fell by 32- to 64-fold, from highly resistant to clinically achievable values. rifampicin mics for b. cepacia strains were reduced by lactoferrin and for some strains mbcs were reduced. these findings suggest new therapeutic approaches to infections and question the relevance of standa ... | 1999 | 10511407 |
| cost of care for individuals with cystic fibrosis: a regression approach to determining the impact of recombinant human dnase. | we estimated direct medical costs of care and important determinants of the costs in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf), including therapy with recombinant human dnase (rhdnase). costs were estimated with resource use data from the epidemiologic study of cystic fibrosis. ordinary least squares regression was used to determine the effect of clinical and demographic variables on individual cost of care. the estimated cost of caring for 303 patients in alberta was $2,279,801 in 1996. the mean cost ... | 1999 | 10512065 |
| cystic fibrosis: inflammatory response to infection with burkholderia cepacia and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pulmonary colonization by burkholderia cepacia in cystic fibrosis (cf) may be associated with enhanced deterioration of pulmonary function. this may be due to a more florid host inflammatory response than in colonization by pseudomonas aeruginosa, leading to greater lung injury. circulating markers of inflammation were determined during infective exacerbations and periods of clinical stability in an 18 month prospective study in adults with cf colonized by p. aeruginosa (n=41). b. cepacia (n=13) ... | 1999 | 10515426 |
| transformation of polychlorinated biphenyls by a novel bpha variant through the meta-cleavage pathway. | the transformation of 20 polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) through the meta-cleavage pathway by recombinant escherichia coli cells expressing the bphefgbc locus from burkholderia cepacia lb400 and the bpha genes from different sources was compared. the analysis of pcb congeners for which hydroxylation was observed but no formation of the corresponding yellow meta-cleavage product demonstrated that only lightly chlorinated congeners including one tetrachlorobiphenyl (2,2',4,4'-cb) were transformed ... | 1999 | 10518716 |
| convenient and versatile dna extraction using agarose plugs for ribotyping of problematic bacterial species. | we describe a convenient, versatile and safe method for preparing bacterial dna for ribotyping analysis. in this method, extraction of bacterial dna from salmnonella typhi and burkholderia pseudomallei. and subsequent restriction endonuclease digestion, was performed in agarose blocks/plugs thus minimizing shearing and loss of dna, problems commonly associated with liquid phase phenol extraction. digested dna in the plugs was then electrophoresed directly, transferred to nylon membranes and hybr ... | 1999 | 10520586 |
| rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood cultures by a monoclonal antibody assay. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. in northeast thailand, this gram-negative bacterium is a major cause of mortality from septicemia. the definitive diagnosis of this disease is made by bacterial culture. in this study, we produced a monoclonal antibody (mab) specific to the 30-kda protein of b. pseudomallei by in vivo and in vitro immunization of balb/c mice with a crude culture filtrate antigen. the mab could directly agglutinate with all 243 clinical isolates of ... | 1999 | 10523570 |
| cloning and characterization of a nonhemolytic phospholipase c gene from burkholderia pseudomallei. | we cloned and characterized a phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c (pc-plc) gene from burkholderia pseudomallei. dna sequence analysis of the gene indicated an open reading frame coding for 700 amino acids with a 34-amino-acid signal peptide. when cleaved, this yields a secreted 73-kda mature protein. the deduced amino acid sequence exhibited 48% similarity to that of a nonhemolytic plc from pseudomonas aeruginosa. the expressed pc-plc was heat stable, nonhemolytic for sheep erythrocy ... | 1999 | 10523590 |
| melioidosis in southern vietnam: clinical surveillance and environmental sampling. | from 1992-1998, burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from only 9 (0.25%) of 3653 cultures of blood from febrile patients admitted to the centre for tropical diseases in ho chi minh city, an infectious disease referral center for southern vietnam. soil was sampled from 407 sites in 147 rice fields along the 5 major roads radiating from ho chi minh city. b. pseudomallei was isolated from 73 sites (18%) in 39 rice fields (27%), but only 15 (21%) of the 71 isolates from 9 (6%) of 147 fields were t ... | 1999 | 10524986 |
| regulation of expression of the nonhemolytic phospholipase c of burkholderia cepacia. | burkholderia cepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients. we have purified and partially characterized one potential virulence factor for the organism-a nonhemolytic phospholipase c-and we studied the effect of iron restriction and choline and phosphate concentrations on the expression of phospholipase c. iron limitation did not affect expression, the effect of choline was variable, and high phosphate concentrations repressed expressi ... | 1999 | 10525838 |
| [elastase activity of gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria and two variations of a simple method for their detection]. | the ability to produce elastase was examined in 1,168 strains of 11 representative genera of gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria isolated from weakened patients in the course of eight years. detection of the elastase activity was performed parallelly using the conventional method and its pulverisation variant. the difference between the results accomplished by the classical method and its pulverisation variant (53.9% versus 60.5% detected elastase-positive strains) was highly significant (p < ... | 1999 | 10528445 |
| differences in genomic macrorestriction patterns of arabinose-positive (burkholderia thailandensis) and arabinose-negative burkholderia pseudomallei. | we reported previously two biochemically and antigenically distinct biotypes of burkholderia pseudomallei. these two distinct biotypes could be distinguished by their ability to assimilate l-arabinose. some b. pseudomallei isolated from soil samples could utilize this substrate (ara+), whereas the other soil isolates and all clinical isolates could not (ara-). only the ara isolates were virulent in animals and reacted with monoclonal antibody directed at the surface envelope, most likely the exo ... | 1999 | 10529102 |
| changing epidemiology of infections in patients with neutropenia and cancer: emphasis on gram-positive and resistant bacteria. | over the past 3 decades, considerable changes have occurred in the types of bacteria causing infection in febrile patients with neutropenia and cancer. twenty years ago, gram-negative bacteria caused approximately 70% of bloodstream infections. as a probable consequence of long-dwelling intravascular devices, fluoroquinolone prophylaxis, and high-dose chemotherapy-induced mucositis, there has been a shift toward gram-positive coccal bacteremia. in most centers today, approximately 70% of bactere ... | 1999 | 10530434 |
| occurrence and expression of glutathione-s-transferase-encoding bphk genes in burkholderia sp. strain lb400 and other biphenyl-utilizing bacteria. | the gene bphk of burkholderia sp. strain lb400 has previously been shown to be located within the bph locus, which specifies the degradation of biphenyl (bp) and chlorobiphenyls, and to encode a glutathione s-transferase (gst) which accepts 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb) as substrate. the specific physiological role of this gene is not known. it is now shown that the gene is expressed in the parental organism and that gst activity is induced more than 20-fold by growth of the strain on bp re ... | 1999 | 10537204 |
| bacterial populations in an anthropogenically disturbed stream: comparison of different seasons. | abstract to determine the effects of environmental changes on stream bacterial populations, assemblage- and population-level measurements were compared between an anthropogenically disturbed stream and an undisturbed reference stream during different seasons. physical and chemical variables monitored at two disturbed sites from a stream affected by multiple environmental perturbations confirmed discernibly different water quality from three reference sites: two from an adjacent, undisturbed wate ... | 1999 | 10541785 |
| soil type and maize cultivar affect the genetic diversity of maize root-associated burkholderia cepacia populations. | abstract burkholderia cepacia populations associated with the zea mays root system were investigated to assess the influence of soil type, maize cultivar, and root localization on the degree of their genetic diversity. a total of 180 b. cepacia isolates were identified by restriction analysis of the amplified 16s rdna (ardra technique). the genetic diversity among b. cepacia isolates was analyzed by the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique, using the 10-mer primer ap5. the analysis ... | 1999 | 10541789 |
| isolation of polymyxin b-susceptible mutants of burkholderia pseudomallei and molecular characterization of genetic loci involved in polymyxin b resistance. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that causes the disease known as melioidosis. this pathogen is endemic to southeast asia and northern australia and is particularly problematic in northeastern thailand. it has been previously reported that b. pseudomallei is resistant to the killing action of cationic antimicrobial peptides, including human neutrophil peptide, protamine sulfate, poly-l-lysine, magainins, and polymyxins. recently, we have also found that the virulent clinica ... | 1999 | 10543742 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of burkholderia mallei in comparison to those of other pathogenic burkholderia spp. | the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates of burkholderia mallei to 16 antibiotics were assessed and compared with the susceptibilities of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia cepacia. the antibiotic susceptibility profile of b. mallei resembled that of b. pseudomallei more closely than that of b. cepacia, which corresponds to their similarities in terms of biochemistry, antigenicity, and pathogenicity. ceftazidime, imipenem, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin were active against ... | 1999 | 10543761 |
| conservation of the pyrrolnitrin biosynthetic gene cluster among six pyrrolnitrin-producing strains. | the prnabcd gene cluster from pseudomonas fluorescens encodes the biosynthetic pathway for pyrrolnitrin, a secondary metabolite derived from tryptophan which has strong anti-fungal activity. we used the prn genes from p. fluorescens strain bl915 as a probe to clone and sequence homologous genes from three other pseudomonas strains, burkholderia cepacia and myxococcus fulvus. with the exception of the prna gene from m. fulvus59% similar among the strains, indicating that the biochemical pathway f ... | 1999 | 10547442 |
| rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood cultures by latex agglutination using lipopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody. | melioidosis, an infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in southeast asia. the septicemic form of melioidosis is the leading cause of death due to community-acquired bacteremia in the northeastern part of thailand. the delay in isolation and identification of the causative organism is a major contributing factor to the high mortality. the present study describes the evaluation of a latex agglutination test for rapid identification of the bacteria directly from blood cultures. t ... | 1999 | 10548306 |
| identification of burkholderia species and genomovars from cystic fibrosis patients by aflp fingerprinting. | aflp is a genomic fingerprinting technique based on the selective amplification of restriction fragments from a total double-digest of genomic dna. the applicability of this method to differentiate between species and genomovars of the genus burkholderia was tested, with particular emphasis on taxa occurring in cystic fibrosis patients. in this study, 78 well-characterized strains and field isolates were investigated by two methods of aflp fingerprinting. in the manual procedure, a radioactively ... | 1999 | 10555347 |
| burkholderia cepacia in cystic fibrosis. variable disease course. | variable clinical course has been reported with the acquisition of burkholderia cepacia in patients who have cystic fibrosis (cf). we hypothesized that the perceived worsening with b. cepacia may reflect the underlying severity of pulmonary disease at the time of acquisition. to test this hypothesis, we matched cf patients colonized with b. cepacia with cf patients not colonized with the organism. two-year pre- and postacquisition data and long-term data were compared. patients were matched for ... | 1999 | 10556123 |
| elevated plasma concentrations of interferon (ifn)-gamma and the ifn-gamma-inducing cytokines interleukin (il)-18, il-12, and il-15 in severe melioidosis. | interferon (ifn)-gamma plays an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. production of ifn-gamma is stimulated by synergistic effects of interleukin (il)-18, il-12, and il-15. to investigate the regulation of ifn-gamma production during severe gram-negative infection, the plasma concentrations of ifn-gamma, il-18, il-12, and il-15 were measured in 83 patients with suspected melioidosis. the diagnosis was confirmed in 62 patients, 31 of whom had blood cultures positive for burkholderia pseud ... | 1999 | 10558944 |
| molecular epidemiological investigation using a randomly amplified polymorphic dna assay of burkholderia cepacia isolates from nosocomial outbreaks. | we experienced two burkholderia cepacia outbreaks over a 1-year period. during this period, 28 b. cepacia isolates were obtained from clinical specimens, and 2 were obtained from environmental specimens (i.e., from a nebulizer solution and a nebulizer tube). these 30 isolates were subjected to the pcr-based randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay as well as to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). in the first outbreak, in which eight patients hospitalized in the trauma and critical c ... | 1999 | 10565889 |
| successful treatment with methylprednisolone pulse therapy for a life-threatening pulmonary insufficiency in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease following pulmonary invasive aspergillosis and burkholderia cepacia infection. | a 14-year-old boy with x-linked chronic granulomatous disease developed severe invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. he was treated with itraconazole and amphotericin b. however, he deteriorated with progressive pulmonary lesions. burkholderia cepacia was isolated from his bronchoalveolar lavage. finally, he was given granulocyte transfusions. following this procedure, his condition rapidly worsened leading to respiratory failure. his lung biopsy demonstrated organizing pneumonia at his right middle ... | 1999 | 10575344 |
| aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance in burkholderia pseudomallei. | 1999 | 10577350 | |
| recombinant microbial lipases for biotechnological applications. | lipases, mainly of microbial origin, represent the most widely used class of enzymes in biotechnological applications and organic chemistry. modern methods of genetic engineering combined with an increasing knowledge of structure and function will allow further adaptation to industrial needs and exploration of novel applications. production of such tailored lipases requires their functional overexpression in a suitable host. hence, this article describes the functional heterologous production of ... | 1999 | 10579516 |
| novel screening methods--the key to cloning commercially successful biocatalysts. | providing sufficient biocatalyst to support the demands of multi tonne product supply can be problematical. here we describe how screening for and cloning a gamma-lactamase overcame biocatalyst supply issues, and greatly improved the actual biocatalytic process. the isolation of an expressing gamma-lactamase clone from a gene library necessitated a combination of classical molecular biology techniques together with innovative screening methods to identify a functional clone. once isolated the en ... | 1999 | 10579521 |
| visualization of enzyme-catalyzed reactions using ph indicators: rapid screening of hydrolase libraries and estimation of the enantioselectivity. | the use of ph indicators to monitor hydrolase-catalyzed reactions is described. the formation of acid following an enzyme-mediated hydrolysis causes a drop in the ph that can be visualized by a change in the color of the indicator-containing solution. the best indicators are those showing a color transition within the operational ph range of the hydrolases, like bromothymol blue and phenol red. the enantioselectivity of lipases and esterases can be estimated using single isomers under the same c ... | 1999 | 10579524 |
| sequence heterogeneity of the ferripyoverdine uptake (fpva), but not the ferric uptake regulator (fur), genes among strains of the fluorescent pseudomonads pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas aureofaciens, pseudomonas fluorescens and pseudomonas putida. | pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas aureofaciens, pseudomonas fluorescens and pseudomonas putida are of importance to medicine, agriculture and biocycling. these microbes acquire ferric ion via the use of the siderophores pyochelin and the family known as the pyoverdines or pseudobactins. the ferric uptake regulator (fur) gene is responsible, at least in part, for the regulation of siderophore synthesis and uptake in p. aeruginosa. to determine whether the organisms contain single or multiple ho ... | 1999 | 10581691 |
| fluorescent inhibitors for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipolytic enzymes. | we report on the determination of active enzyme components in pure and crude lipases, using fluorescent inhibitors for covalent modification and visualization of the enzymatically active proteins. lipase-specific compounds are triacylglycerol analogs, namely 1,2(2, 3)-di-o-alkylglyceroalkylphosphonic acid-p-nitrophenyl esters, containing a fluorescent substituent bound to the omega-end of an alkyl chain. inhibitors derived from single-chain alcohols, such as p-nitrophenyl esters of fluorescent a ... | 1999 | 10585746 |
| short report: evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based latex agglutination test for rapid diagnosis of septicemic melioidosis. | a monoclonal antibody (mab)-based latex agglutination (mab-la) test was developed to rapidly identify burkholderia pseudomallei in hemoculture of patients with septicemic melioidosis. the method was evaluated in a clinical situation on 396 hemocultures positive for bacterial growth, of which 75 cultures were positive for b. pseudomallei by conventional biochemical tests. the sensitivity and specificity of the mab-la test were 95% and 100%, respectively. the positive and negative predictive value ... | 1999 | 10586904 |
| antilipopolysaccharide ii: an antibody protective against fatal melioidosis. | this was a study of igg antibody responses to two s-type lipopolysaccharides (lps i and lps ii) and flagellin of burkholderia pseudomallei in patients with melioidosis. the specificity of these antibodies was 91.7%, 90.3%, and 93.8%, respectively, when compared to responses in a population where the organism is not endemic. only the level of antibody to lps ii (anti-lps ii) was significantly higher in patients who survived than in those who died, as well as in patients with nonsepticemic vs. sep ... | 1999 | 10589895 |
| bacteremic community-acquired pneumonia in an immunocompetent adult due to burkholderia cepacia. | 1999 | 10593827 | |
| fluobodies: green fluorescent single-chain fv fusion proteins. | an expression system (pskgfp), which permits the expression of single-chain variable fragments as fusion proteins with modified green fluorescent proteins, was designed. this expression system is comparable to frequently used phage display vectors and allows single-step characterization of the selected recombinant antibodies by flow cytometry or fluorescent cell staining. two different single-chain variable fragment antibodies, both directed against the lipopolysaccharide of the bacterium ralsto ... | 1999 | 10594359 |
| antibacterial activities of extracts from nigerian chewing sticks. | ten aqueous extracts from wooden chewing sticks widely used in nigeria for teeth cleaning were studied for antibacterial activities against 25 different bacteria using an agar diffusion assay. the extracts from five sticks, namely garcinia kola, anogeissus leiocarpus, terminalia glaucescens, sorindeia warneckei and vitex doniana, exhibited strong activities against a wide spectrum of bacteria including medically and dentally relevant bacteria. notably, these five chewing stick extracts showed po ... | 1999 | 10594937 |
| current studies on the pathogenesis of melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a major cause of bacterial septicemias in many parts of the world, particularly thailand; the known geographic range of the organism appears to be enlarging as awareness of the organism and the disease it causes--melioidosis--increases. b. pseudomallei is intrinsically resistant to most antibiotics, and our knowledge of b. pseudomallei pathogenesis is lacking. thus, the long-term objective of our research is to define at a molecular level the pathogenesis by combinin ... | 1999 | 10594980 |
| [the epidemiology of burkholderia cepacia in cystic fibrosis patients: the initial results of a study including the genotypic typing of the strains isolated]. | 1999 | 10596443 | |
| burkholderia cepacia is resistant to the antimicrobial activity of airway epithelial cells. | there has been much interest recently in the antimicrobial properties of cationic peptides called beta-defensins from epithelial cells. human beta-defensin (hbd)-1 and -2 have been particularly implicated in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients, where their inhibition by high salt concentrations may explain in part the susceptibility of the cf lung to bacterial infection. in this work, we have employed a simple co-culture system using the 16-hbe human bronchial epithelial cell line to assess growth inh ... | 1999 | 10598883 |
| timing of referral for lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis: overemphasis on fev1 may adversely affect overall survival. | (1) report our experience with referral for lung transplantation. (2) review survival in cvstic fibrosis (cf) patients without lung transplantation after fev1 remains < 30% predicted for 1 years. | 1999 | 10084492 |
| [melioidosis]. | 1999 | 10088387 | |
| in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin, alone and in combination with beta-lactams, against clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and burkholderia cepacia. | we tested three fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin), each combined with each of four beta-lactams (cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and meropenem) for synergy against clinical isolates of nosocomial strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and burkholderia cepacia. the ciprofloxacin-beta-lactam combinations showed synergy against none or only a small fraction (7 to 10%) of the p. aeruginosa and b. cepacia isolates. ciprofloxacin-cefoperaz ... | 1999 | 10091030 |
| structural analysis of a novel putative capsular polysaccharide from pseudomonas (burkholderia) caryophylli strain 2151. | a novel putative capsular polysaccharide consisting of d-glcp and d-fruf in the molar ratio of 1:1 was isolated as minor constituent from the lipopolysaccharide (lps) fraction of pseudomonas (burkholderia) caryophylli. its structure was determined, using mainly one- and two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy, as: -->6)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->1)-beta-d-fruf-(2-->. | 1999 | 10092878 |
| impact of microbiology practice on cumulative prevalence of respiratory tract bacteria in patients with cystic fibrosis. | investigators participating in the epidemiologic study of cystic fibrosis project began to collect microbiological, pulmonary, and nutritional data on cystic fibrosis (cf) patients at 180 north american sites in 1994. part of this study was a survey undertaken in august 1995 to determine microbiology laboratory practices with regard to pulmonary specimens from cf patients. the survey included a section on test ordering, completed by a site clinician, and a section on test performance and reporti ... | 1999 | 9986845 |
| the phn genes of burkholderia sp. strain rp007 constitute a divergent gene cluster for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon catabolism. | cloning and molecular ecological studies have underestimated the diversity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) catabolic genes by emphasizing classical nah-like (nah, ndo, pah, and dox) sequences. here we report the description of a divergent set of pah catabolic genes, the phn genes, which although isofunctional to the classical nah-like genes, show very low homology. this phn locus, which contains nine open reading frames (orfs), was isolated on an 11.5-kb hindiii fragment from phenanthre ... | 1999 | 9882667 |
| lipopolysaccharide (lps) from burkholderia cepacia is more active than lps from pseudomonas aeruginosa and stenotrophomonas maltophilia in stimulating tumor necrosis factor alpha from human monocytes. | whole cells and lipopolysaccharides (lpss) extracted from burkholderia cepacia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and escherichia coli were compared in their ability to stimulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) from the human monocyte cell line monomac-6. b. cepacia lps, on a weight-for-weight basis, was found to have tnf-alpha-inducing activity similar to that of lps from e. coli, which was approximately four- and eightfold greater than the activity of lpss from p. a ... | 1999 | 10024601 |
| burkholderia cocovenenans (van damme et al. 1960) gillis et al. 1995 and burkholderia vandii urakami et al. 1994 are junior synonyms of burkholderia gladioli (severini 1913) yabuuchi et al. 1993 and burkholderia plantarii (azegami et al. 1987) urakami et al. 1994, respectively. | reference strains of burkholderia cocovenenans and burkholderia vandii were compared with strains of other burkholderia species using sds-page of whole-cell proteins, dna-dna hybridization and extensive biochemical characterization. burkholderia gladioli and b. cocovenenans were indistinguishable in the chemotaxonomic and biochemical analyses. burkholderia plantarii and b. vandii had indistinguishable whole-cell protein patterns but the b. vandii type strain differed from b. plantarii strains in ... | 1999 | 10028245 |
| burkholderia cepacia infections in cystic fibrosis. | 1999 | 10048690 | |
| efflux-mediated aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance in burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is intrinsically resistant to a wide range of antimicrobial agents including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and polymyxins. we used tn5-ot182 to mutagenize b. pseudomallei to identify the genes involved in aminoglycoside resistance. we report here on the identification of amrab-opra, a multidrug efflux system in b. pseudomallei which is specific for both aminoglycoside and macrolide antibiotics. we isolated two transposon ... | 1999 | 10049252 |
| lack of throat colonization with burkholderia cepacia among cystic fibrosis healthcare workers. | 1999 | 10064207 | |
| a nonhemolytic phospholipase c from burkholderia cepacia. | burkholderia cepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients. although several potential virulence factors-a protease, lipase, and two phospholipases c (one hemolytic and one nonhemolytic)-have been identified, only two, the protease and the lipase, have been described in detail. the goal of this study was to purify and characterize a nonhemolytic phospholipase c secreted by b. cepacia strain pc224c. the enzyme was concentrated from cultu ... | 1999 | 10069860 |
| effect of urokinase on the extracellular virulence properties of pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cepacia. | the influence of urokinase and oxygen availability on growth, siderophore, protease and lipase production in burkholderia cepacia and non-mucoid (pa01) and mucoid (pawh) strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa was assessed for cells grown in batch culture under iron-restriction. siderophore production decreased with increasing concentration of urokinase in b. cepacia independent of oxygen availability but decreased in both strains of p. aeruginosa only under oxygen-depleted conditions. protease activi ... | 1999 | 10071863 |
| comparison of isolation media for recovery of burkholderia cepacia complex from respiratory secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis. | burkholderia cepacia selective agar (bcsa) has previously been devised for isolation of b. cepacia from respiratory secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis and tested under research laboratory conditions. here we describe a study in which bcsa, oxidation-fermentation polymyxin bacitracin lactose agar (ofpbl), and pseudomonas cepacia agar (pca) were compared in routine culture procedures for the ability to grow b. cepacia and inhibit other organisms. three hundred twenty-eight specimens from ... | 1999 | 10074517 |
| identification and characterization of is2404 and is2606: two distinct repeated sequences for detection of mycobacterium ulcerans by pcr. | molecular analysis of mycobacterium ulcerans has revealed two new insertion sequences (iss), is2404 and is2606. is2404 was identified by complete sequencing of a previously described repetitive dna segment from m. ulcerans. this element is 1,274 bp long, contains 12-bp inverted repeats and a single open reading frame (orf) potentially encoding a protein of 327 amino acids (aa), and apparently generates 7-bp direct repeats upon transposition. amino acid similarity was found between the putative t ... | 1999 | 10074520 |
| melioidosis. | melioidosis is an infection with the gram-negative bacillus burkholdria pseudomallei, previous known as pseudomonas pseudomallei. we present a case report of a man with non-hodgkin's lymphoma, who after visiting indonesia presented himself with a urosepsis, with positive cultures to b. pseudomallei. melioidosis is endemic in areas of southeast asia and the northern part of australia. infection with the b. pseudomallei has a high mortality rate. diagnosis can be made on the basis of cultures, the ... | 1999 | 10079683 |
| comparative in vitro activities of meropenem, imipenem, temocillin, piperacillin, and ceftazidime in combination with tobramycin, rifampin, or ciprofloxacin against burkholderia cepacia isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis. | we evaluated the activities of meropenem, imipenem, temocillin, piperacillin, and ceftazidime by determination of the mics for 66 genotypically characterized burkholderia cepacia isolates obtained from the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. in vitro synergy assays, as performed by the time-kill methodology, of two- and three-drug combinations of the beta-lactams with tobramycin, rifampin, and/or ciprofloxacin were also performed with 10 strains susceptible, intermediate, or resistant to fluoroq ... | 1999 | 9925508 |
| inactivation of toluene 2-monooxygenase in burkholderia cepacia g4 by alkynes. | high concentrations of acetylene (10 to 50% [vol/vol] gas phase) were required to inhibit the growth of burkholderia cepacia g4 on toluene, while 1% (vol/vol) (gas phase) propyne or 1-butyne completely inhibited growth. low concentrations of longer-chain alkynes (c5 to c10) were also effective inhibitors of toluene-dependent growth, and 2- and 3-alkynes were more potent inhibitors than their 1-alkyne counterparts. exposure of toluene-grown b. cepacia g4 to alkynes resulted in the irreversible lo ... | 1999 | 9925593 |
| alterations in adhesion, transport, and membrane characteristics in an adhesion-deficient pseudomonad. | a stable adhesion-deficient mutant of burkholderia cepacia g4, a soil pseudomonad, was selected in a sand column assay. this mutant (env435) was compared to the wild-type strain by examining the adhesion of the organisms to silica sand and their transport through two aquifer sediments that differed in their sand, silt, and clay contents. we compared the longitudinal transport of the wild type and the adhesion mutant to the transport of a conservative chloride tracer in 25-cm-long glass columns. ... | 1999 | 9925613 |
| high-level formation of active pseudomonas cepacia lipase after heterologous expression of the encoding gene and its modified chaperone in escherichia coli and rapid in vitro refolding. | the lipase from pseudomonas cepacia atcc 21808 (recently reclassified as burkholderia cepacia) is widely used by organic chemists for enantioselective synthesis and is manufactured from recombinant p. cepacia harboring on a plasmid the clustered genes for lipase and its chaperone. high levels of expression of inactive lipase (40%) in escherichia coli were achieved with pcytexp1 under the control of the strong, temperature-inducible lambdaprl promoter. however, no overexpression of the lipase cha ... | 1999 | 9925617 |
| new assay for rhizobitoxine based on inhibition of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase. | rhizobitoxine is synthesized by the legume symbiont bradyrhizobium elkanii and the plant pathogen burkholderia andropogonis. rhizobitoxine competitively inhibited 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) synthase ble-acs2 from the tomato, a key enzyme in the pathway of ethylene biosynthesis. based on this inhibition of acc synthase, we have developed a new assay for rhizobitoxine. | 1999 | 9925628 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. nosocomial burkholderia cepacia infection and colonization associated with intrinsically contaminated mouthwash--arizona, 1998. | 1999 | 9929074 | |
| a melanin pigment purified from an epidemic strain of burkholderia cepacia attenuates monocyte respiratory burst activity by scavenging superoxide anion. | the acquisition of burkholderia cepacia in some cystic fibrosis patients is associated with symptoms of acute pulmonary inflammation that may be life threatening. the ability of lipopolysaccharide (lps) from b. cepacia to prime a monocyte cell line for enhanced superoxide anion generation was investigated and compared with the priming activities of lpss from pseudomonas aeruginosa, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and escherichia coli. the human monocyte cell line monomac-6 (mm6) was primed overnig ... | 1999 | 9916107 |
| quorum sensing in burkholderia cepacia: identification of the luxri homologs cepri. | burkholderia cepacia has emerged as an important pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis. many gram-negative pathogens regulate the production of extracellular virulence factors by a cell density-dependent mechanism termed quorum sensing, which involves production of diffusible n-acylated homoserine lactone signal molecules, called autoinducers. transposon insertion mutants of b. cepacia k56-2 which hyperproduced siderophores on chrome azurol s agar were identified. one mutant, k56-r2, contain ... | 1999 | 9922236 |
| biochemical and genetic evidence for meta-ring cleavage of 2,4, 5-trihydroxytoluene in burkholderia sp. strain dnt. | 2,4,5-trihydroxytoluene (tht) oxygenase from burkholderia sp. strain dnt catalyzes the conversion of tht to an unstable ring fission product. biochemical and genetic studies of tht oxygenase were undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of the ring fission reaction. the tht oxygenase gene (dntd) was previously localized to the 1.2-kb dna insert subcloned in the recombinant plasmid designated pjs76 (w. c. suen and j. c. spain, j. bacteriol. 175:1831-1837, 1993). analysis of the deduced amino acid se ... | 1999 | 9922262 |
| in situ, real-time catabolic gene expression: extraction and characterization of naphthalene dioxygenase mrna transcripts from groundwater. | we developed procedures for isolating and characterizing in situ-transcribed mrna from groundwater microorganisms catabolizing naphthalene at a coal tar waste-contaminated site. groundwater was pumped through 0.22-microm-pore-size filters, which were then frozen in dry ice-ethanol. rna was extracted from the frozen filters by boiling sodium dodecyl sulfate lysis and acidic phenol-chloroform extraction. transcript characterization was performed with a series of pcr primers designed to amplify nah ... | 1999 | 9872763 |
| polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by a new marine bacterium, neptunomonas naphthovorans gen. nov., sp. nov. | two strains of bacteria were isolated from creosote-contaminated puget sound sediment based on their ability to utilize naphthalene as a sole carbon and energy source. when incubated with a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) compound in artificial seawater, each strain also degraded 2-methylnaphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene; in addition, one strain, nag-2n-113, degraded 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene and phenanthrene. acenaphthene was not degraded when it was used as a sole carbon source but was d ... | 1999 | 9872786 |
| genetic and biochemical analyses of the tec operon suggest a route for evolution of chlorobenzene degradation genes. | the teca broad-spectrum chlorobenzene dioxygenase of burkholderia sp. strain ps12 catalyzes the first step in the mineralization of 1,2,4, 5-tetrachlorobenzene. the catabolic genes were localized on a small plasmid that belongs to the incpbeta incompatibility group. pcr analysis of the genetic environment of the tec genes indicated high similarity to the transposon-organized catabolic tcb chlorobenzene degradation genes of pseudomonas sp. strain p51. sequence analysis of the regions flanking the ... | 1999 | 9864349 |
| rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei by latex agglutination based on an exopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody. | we recently identified a constitutively expressed exopolysaccharide of burkholderia pseudomallei which is composed of a unique linear tetrasaccharide repeating unit consisting of three galactose residues and one 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid residue. in this study we developed a latex agglutination test based on monoclonal antibody 3015, which is specific for this exopolysaccharide, and evaluated this test for rapid identification of b. pseudomallei grown on agar plates. all 74 environmenta ... | 1999 | 9854098 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase gene in 2,4,6-trichlorophenol-degrading ralstonia pickettii dtp0602 and characterization of its product. | a gene encoding hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase was cloned from 2,4,6-trichlorophenol-degrading ralstonia (pseudomonas) pickettii strain dtp0602. cell-free extracts of escherichia coli containing a cloned 1.4-kb stui-xhoi dna fragment of r. pickettii dtp0602 hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase converted hydroxyquinol into maleylacetate and also degraded 6-chlorohydroxyquinol. the 1.4-kb dna fragment contained one open reading frame (designated hadc) composed of 948 nucleotides. the molecular mass of 34, ... | 1999 | 16232466 |
| engineering a hybrid pseudomonad to acquire 3,4-dioxygenase activity for polychlorinated biphenyls. | we constructed a hybrid strain that acquired 3,4-dioxygenase activity for polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). this strain, kf707-d34, possessed a chimeric biphenyl dioxygenase gene, of which a portion of bpha1 (coding for a large subunit of biphenyl dioxygenase) of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 was replaced with that of a pcb-degrader, burkholderia cepacia lb400 by homologous recombination. kf707-d34 retained the ability to degrade 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl via 2,3-dioxygenation in a fashion ide ... | 1999 | 16232495 |
| interaction of insulin and burkholderia cepacia. | 1999 | 11853570 | |
| [sequencing and analysis of 16s rdna sequences for p. cocovenenans subsp farinofermentans]. | in order to fix the phylogenetic taxonomic position of p. cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans and describe its relationships with other closed species, seven primers were designed to amplify and sequence the 16s rdna of 4 strains of it by using a clonal sequencing or direct sequencing method. the 16s rdna sequence of the 4 strains were aligned with the 16s rdna sequences of other species in genus burkholderia, and the polygenetic tree was produced by using a clustal v and treeview software. the ... | 1999 | 11938985 |
| transformation of soil microbial community structure and rhizoctonia-suppressive potential in response to apple roots. | abstract changes in the composition of soil microbial communities and relative disease-suppressive ability of resident microflora in response to apple cultivation were assessed in orchard soils from a site possessing trees established for 1 to 5 years. the fungal community from roots of apple seedlings grown in noncultivated orchard soil was dominated by isolates from genera commonly considered saprophytic. plant-pathogenic fungi in the genera phytophthora, pythium, and rhizoctonia constituted a ... | 1999 | 18944736 |
| bacterial-feeding nematode growth and preference for biocontrol isolates of the bacterium burkholderia cepacia. | the potential of different bacterial-feeding rhabditida to consume isolates of burkholderia cepacia with known agricultural biocontrol ability was examined. caenorhabditis elegans, diploscapter sp., oscheius myriophila, pelodera strongyloides, pristionchus pacificus, zeldia punctata, panagrellus redivivus, and distolabrellus veechi were tested for growth on and preference for escherichia coli op50 or b. cepacia maize soil isolates j82, bcf, m36, bc2, and phqm100. considerable growth and preferen ... | 2000 | 19270990 |
| subdural empyema due to burkholderia pseudomallei. | 2000 | 17322677 | |
| catabolic and genetic diversity of degradative bacteria from fuel-hydrocarbon contaminated aquifers. | a bstractsubsurface sediments were recovered from two aquifers contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons in order to isolate and characterize indigenous microorganisms capable of biodegrading fuel-related compounds. these sediments had been previously studied using catabolic gene probes providing putative demonstration of significant biodegradation potential. based on 16s rdna sequence analysis, the isolates were phylogenetically similar to common soil microorganisms, including members of the gen ... | 2000 | 12035098 |
| the isolation of burkholderia cepacia in a hospital setting in sri lanka. | burkholderia cepacia is widely prevalent in nature. the natural habitat of this organism is soil, water and vegetation, but the hospital environment remains the main source of infection. it causes a wide variety of infections in hospitalised patients. since there are no reports of its prevalence in sri lanka, a data retrieval and analysis was undertaken to determine its incidence among patients at sri jayawardenepura general hospital (sjgh). | 2000 | 11192990 |
| burkholderia cepacia in cystic fibrosis: implications for nursing practice. | burkholderia cepacia (b. cepacia) has emerged in the last 15 years as a dangerous pathogen among individuals with cystic fibrosis (cf). although this pathogen affects a relatively small percentage of the total cf population, it has had an enormous impact on the cf community because of the increased morbidity and mortality associated with it. many cf centers have instituted stringent infection control practices in an effort to prevent the spread of this bacterium. nurses who work with cf patients ... | 2000 | 12026400 |
| [determination of guanine plus cytosine content of pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp farinofermantans with two methods and the comparative study]. | the guanine plus cytosine content (g + c) mol% of pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp farinofermantans, burkholderia gladioli and burkholderia cocovenenans, which were similar in biochemical characteristics, were determined with tm values method and hplc method, and the comparative study of these two methods was discussed. a negative conclusion could not be made from the results. the three bacteria were the same species. the hplc method was more accurate than the tm values method, but the repeatabili ... | 2000 | 12520932 |
| factors affecting the biodegradation of cyanide by burkholderia cepacia strain c-3. | the utilization of cyanide as a nitrogen source for growth in a liquid minimal medium by burkholderia cepacia strain c-3 isolated from soil was demonstrated. the effects of various parameters on the biodegradation of cyanide by the strain were investigated. growth at the expense of cyanide occurred over a ph range from 8 to 10, and was optimal at ph 10. growth and cyanide biodegradation were optimal at 30 degrees c. the presence of cu2+ or fe2+ in the liquid medium at a concentration of 1 mm inh ... | 2000 | 16232743 |
| oxidation of aromatic aldehyde to aromatic carboxylic acid by burkholderia cepacia tm1 isolated from humus. | burkholderia cepacia tm1 isolated from humus was able to oxidize aromatic aldehydes to the corresponding aromatic carboxylic acids with an extreme by high yield in distilled water containing only the aromatic aldehyde as the substrate. the molar yields of vanillic acid from vanillin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and syringic acid from syringaldehyde were approximately 94%, 92% and 72%, respectively. until the added aromatic aldehyde was significantly consumed, consumption of ... | 2000 | 16232868 |
| invasion and intracellular survival of burkholderia cepacia. | burkholderia cepacia has emerged as an important pulmonary pathogen in immunocompromised patients and in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). little is known about the virulence factors and pathogenesis of b. cepacia, although the persistent and sometimes invasive infections caused by b. cepacia suggest that the organism possesses mechanisms for both cellular invasion and evasion of the host immune response. in this study, cultured human cells were used to analyze the invasion and intracellular s ... | 2000 | 10603364 |
| identification of new transposable genetic elements in burkholderia pseudomallei using subtractive hybridisation. | a subtraction library of burkholderia pseudomallei was constructed by subtractive hybridisation of b. pseudomallei genomic dna with burkholderia thailandensis genomic dna. two clones were found to have significant sequence similarity to insertion sequences which have previously not been found in b. pseudomallei (designated isa and isb); and two clones showed sequence similarity to different regions of burkholderia cepacia is407 that has recently been detected in b. pseudomallei. the former, thou ... | 2000 | 10650205 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei traced to water treatment plant in australia. | burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from environmental specimens 1 year after an outbreak of acute melioidosis in a remote coastal community in northwestern australia. b. pseudomallei was isolated from a water storage tank and from spray formed in a ph-raising aerator unit. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed the aerator and storage tank isolates were identical to the outbreak strain, wko97. | 2000 | 10653571 |
| specific and rapid detection by fluorescent in situ hybridization of bacteria in clinical samples obtained from cystic fibrosis patients. | we report on the rapid and specific detection of bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens from cystic fibrosis (cf) patients by fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). on the basis of comparative sequence analysis, we designed oligonucleotide probes complementary to species-specific 16s rrna regions of these microorganisms and demonstrated the specificities of the probes by hybridization of different remotely related as well as closely related reference strains. furthermore, in a pil ... | 2000 | 10655391 |
| presence of type iii secretion genes in burkholderia pseudomallei correlates with ara(-) phenotypes. | dot blot hybridization and pcr amplification of 14 ara(+) and 8 ara(-) burkholderia pseudomallei strains showed that type iii secretion (tts) genes were present in all the ara(-) strains but absent from all but one of the ara(+) strains. the link between tts genes and an ara(-) phenotype suggests a role for tts in virulence. | 2000 | 10655407 |
| diagnostically and experimentally useful panel of strains from the burkholderia cepacia complex. | two new species, burkholderia multivorans and burkholderia vietnamiensis, and three genomovars (genomovars i, iii, and iv) currently constitute the burkholderia cepacia complex. a panel of 30 well-characterized strains representative of each genomovar and new species was assembled to assist with identification, epidemiological analysis, and virulence studies on this important group of opportunistic pathogens. | 2000 | 10655415 |
| propionic acid metabolism and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (p3hb-co-3hv) production by burkholderia sp. | mutants of burkholderia sp. that are unable to grow on propionic acid (prp) but still accumulate p3hb-co-3hv from carbohydrate and propionic acid were studied. in shaken flask tests, yields of 3hv from propionic acid (y(3hv/prop)) increased from 0.10 g g(-1) in the wild type to c.a. 0.35 g g(-1) in mutants affected in alpha-oxidation pathway or to 0.80 g g(-1) in mutants not affected in that pathway. in bioreactor tests, mutant ipt 189 showed y(3hv/prop) = 1.20 g g(-1), a yield very close to the ... | 2000 | 10656331 |
| cloning and expression of vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene in burkholderia sp. strain dnt for enhancement of 2,4-dinitrotoluene degradation. | the gene (vgb) encoding the hemoglobin (vhb) of vitreoscilla sp. was cloned into a broad host range vector and stably transformed into burkholderia (formerly pseudomonas) sp. strain dnt, which is able to degrade and metabolize 2,4-dinitrotoluene (dnt). vgb was stably maintained and expressed in functional form in this recombinant strain (yv1). when growth of yv1, in both tryptic soy broth and minimal salts broth containing dnt and yeast extract, was compared with that of the untransformed strain ... | 2000 | 10662485 |
| prognostic value of cytokine concentrations (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10) and clinical parameters in severe melioidosis. | raised serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interleukin (il)-1beta, il-6, or il-10 are associated with mortality in patients with sepsis, but it is not known whether elevated cytokine levels are independently predictive of mortality. cytokine assays (tnf-alpha, il-6, and il-10) were performed on admission plasma samples from 172 adult thai patients with severe melioidosis. mortality was 31.4%. apache ii score; septicemia; plasma lactate; tnf-alpha, il-6, and il-10 concentra ... | 2000 | 10669346 |
| characterization and role of tbux in utilization of toluene by ralstonia pickettii pko1. | the tbu regulon of ralstonia pickettii pko1 encodes enzymes involved in the catabolism of toluene, benzene, and related alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. the first operon in this regulon contains genes that encode the tbu pathway's initial catabolic enzyme, toluene-3-monooxygenase, as well as tbut, the ntrc-like transcriptional activator for the entire regulon. it has been previously shown that the organization of tbut, which is located immediately downstream of tbua1ubva2c, and the associated promote ... | 2000 | 10671442 |
| melioidosis as an emerging global problem. | there is remarkably little known about the incidence of melioidosis outside a few countries (thailand, australia, singapore and malaysia). presumably it is widespread in tropical south east asia. elsewhere there are tantalising glimpses of the tip of what may be a large iceberg. since a specific diagnosis of melioidosis requires awareness on the part of clinicians, and the existence of a laboratory capable of isolating and identifying burkholderia pseudomallei, a luxury not available in most rur ... | 2000 | 10674638 |
| the epidemiology of melioidosis in australia and papua new guinea. | melioidosis was first described in australia in an outbreak in sheep in 1949 in north queensland (22 degrees s). human melioidosis was first described from townsville (19 degrees s) in 1950. melioidosis is hyperendemic in the top end of the northern territory (nt) and as in parts of northeastern thailand it is the commonest cause of fatal community-acquired septicemic pneumonia. in the 9 years since 1989 the prospective nt melioidosis study at royal darwin hospital (12 degrees s) has documented ... | 2000 | 10674639 |
| recent advances in the treatment of severe melioidosis. | for the last decade, high-dose intravenous ceftazidime has been the drug of choice for the treatment of severe melioidosis, after ceftazidime was shown to be superior to the 'conventional' four-drug regimen (chloramphenicol, doxycycline and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole) in a randomised trial. combination ceftazidime-trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole was compared with the conventional regimen in a separate trial with similar results, but we still do not know whether such combination therapy is nee ... | 2000 | 10674641 |
| antimicrobial resistance in burkholderia pseudomallei. | four strains of burkholderia pseudomallei were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) and time-kill curves with 13 single antimicrobial agents: ceftazidime, piperacillin, imipenem, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, doxycycline, cotrimoxazole, kanamycin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, trovafloxacin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and meropenem. the time-kill studies were also performed with 33 pairs of combinations of the above antimicrobial ag ... | 2000 | 10674642 |
| neurological melioidosis. | neurological abnormalities have long been recognised in animals with melioidosis, including laboratory rodents and sheep in the first australian outbreak in 1949. autopsies in animals have shown microabscesses and lymphocytic infiltration to be present on occasion in the same animal, but burkholderia pseudomallei is usually able to be grown from central nervous system (cns) tissue. in humans cns melioidosis is unusual, but both macroscopic brain abscesses and encephalitis occur. there has been a ... | 2000 | 10674643 |