| sequence variation within beet necrotic yellow vein virus p25 protein influences its oligomerization and isolate pathogenicity on tetragonia expansa. | the p25 protein encoded by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) rna-3 is a pathogenicity determinant that has been implicated in symptom exacerbation on chenopodiaceae hosts. several p25 variants exist within natural isolates and p25 sequence variation may influence the degree of pathogenicity of such bnyvv isolates. expression of p25 from natural a- and p-type isolates in the background of b-type bnyvv cdna clones gave symptom discrepancies when compared to b-type p25 expression. such pathog ... | 2007 | 17350709 |
| rna4-encoded p31 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus is involved in efficient vector transmission, symptom severity and silencing suppression in roots. | rna3 and rna4 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) are not essential for virus multiplication, but are associated with vector-mediated infection and disease development in sugar beet roots. here, a unique role for rna4 in virus transmission, virulence and rna silencing suppression was demonstrated. mutagenic analysis revealed that the rna4-encoded p31 open reading frame (orf) was involved in efficient vector transmission and slight enhancement of symptom expression in some beta species. no ... | 2007 | 17412994 |
| phylogenetic analysis of beet necrotic yellow vein virus isolates from china. | a survey detected beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) infection in six chinese sugar-beet-growing regions. to study the diversity of virus isolates among the regions, nucleotide sequences of four proteins, namely cp, p25, p31, and p26, were determined and the amino acid sequences thus deduced were analyzed using sequence alignments and the phylogenetic method, respectively. amino acid sequence analysis of cp revealed a-type isolates in harbin, hohhot, baotou, wuwei, and jiuquan and b-type is ... | 2008 | 18224433 |
| changes in the intraisolate genetic structure of beet necrotic yellow vein virus populations associated with plant resistance breakdown. | the causal agent of rhizomania disease, beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), typically produces asymptomatic root-limited infections in sugar beets (beta vulgaris) carrying the rz1-allele. unfortunately, this dominant resistance has been recently overcome. multiple cdna clones of the viral pathogenic determinant p25, derived from populations infecting susceptible or resistant plants, were sequenced to identify host effects on the viral population structure. populations isolated from compatib ... | 2008 | 18423510 |
| molecular and serological characterization of an iranian isolate of beet black scorch virus. | an isolate of beet black scorch virus (bbsv) was obtained from iranian sugar beet roots. its genome organization closely resembles that of the previously described chinese and north american isolates, but the nucleotide sequences of the three isolates differ considerably. most of the nucleotide exchanges, however, are silent, and the iranian and the chinese isolates were serologically indistinguishable. beets infected by the iranian bbsv did not show black scorch symptoms, but severe root bearde ... | 2008 | 18548319 |
| mutations associated with resistance-breaking isolates of beet necrotic yellow vein virus and their allelic discrimination using taqman technology. | abstract genetic resistance in sugar beet (beta vulgaris) to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), which causes the disease rhizomania, is conferred by the single dominant gene rz1. however, since 2002, rz1 cultivars grown in the imperial valley of california have been increasingly damaged by a new strain of bnyvv. viral rna 3 was extracted from asymptomatic and symptomatic sugar beets and, after amplification and sequencing of a region including the p25 cistron, two polymorphic sites, a67v a ... | 2007 | 18943652 |
| detection and characterization of spontaneous internal deletion mutants of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna3 from systemic host nicotiana benthamiana. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is a member of the genus benyvirus causing a worldwide sugar beet disease rhizomania. bnyvv contains four or five plus-sense single stranded rnas. in altered selective conditions, multipartite rna viruses of plant are prone to undergoing internal deletions, thus turning into defective rnas (d rnas). although several d rnas have been reported in bnyvv infection, the spontaneous internal deletion mutants responsible for severe symptom in systemic host nicoti ... | 2011 | 21718549 |
| rna 3 deletion mutants of beet necrotic yellow vein virus do not cause rhizomania disease in sugar beets. | abstract two mutant strains of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) containing deletions in rna 3 were obtained by single lesion transfers in tetragonia expansa. the deleted regions encode either 94 or 121 amino acids toward the c-terminal part of the 25-kda protein (p25). wild-type and mutant virus strains were inoculated by polymyxa betae to sugar beet seedlings of susceptible and partially resistant cultivars. no differences were found in virus content in rootlets between mutant and wild-t ... | 1999 | 18944654 |
| distribution of various types and p25 subtypes of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in germany and other european countries. | the distribution of various beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) genotypes was studied using beet samples received from germany and neighbouring countries. almost exclusively b type bnyvv was detected in germany, whereas in neighbouring countries bnyvv a types with different compositions of the amino acid tetrad in positions 67-70 of the rna-3-encoded p25 are widely distributed. neither a types nor the p type have been able to become established in germany in the past decades, although there ... | 2008 | 18974924 |
| beet soil-borne mosaic virus rna-3 is replicated and encapsidated in the presence of bnyvv rna-1 and -2 and allows long distance movement in beta macrocarpa. | beet soil-borne mosaic virus (bsbmv) and beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) belong to the benyvirus genus. bsbmv has been reported only in the united states, while bnyvv has a worldwide distribution. both viruses are vectored by polymyxa betae and possess similar host ranges, particle number and morphology. bnyvv and bsbmv are not serologically related but they have similar genomic organizations. field isolates usually consist of four rna species but some bnyvv isolates contain a fifth rna. ... | 2009 | 19141358 |
| progress towards the understanding and control of sugar beet rhizomania disease. | rhizomania is a soil-borne disease that occurs throughout the major sugar beet growing regions of the world, causing severe yield losses in the absence of effective control measures. it is caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), which is transmitted by the obligate root-infecting parasite polymyxa betae. bnyvv has a multipartite rna genome with all natural isolates containing four rna species, although some isolates have a fifth rna. the larger rna1 and rna2 contain the housekeeping g ... | 2009 | 19161359 |
| a single u/c nucleotide substitution changing alanine to valine in the beet necrotic yellow vein virus p25 protein promotes increased virus accumulation in roots of mechanically inoculated, partially resistant sugar beet seedlings. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) a type isolates e12 and s8, originating from areas where resistance-breaking had or had not been observed, respectively, served as starting material for studying the influence of sequence variations in bnyvv rna 3 on virus accumulation in partially resistant sugar beet varieties. sub-isolates containing only rnas 1 and 2 were obtained by serial local lesion passages; biologically active cdna clones were prepared for rnas 3 which differed in their coding se ... | 2009 | 19218223 |
| iranian beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv): pronounced diversity of the p25 coding region in a-type bnyvv and identification of p-type bnyvv lacking a fifth rna species. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) was detected in 288 of the 392 samples collected in iran. a-type bnyvv was detected most frequently. the p25 coding region on bnyvv rna-3 was amplified by rt-pcr and sequenced. nine different variants of the highly variable amino acid tetrad at positions 67-70 of p25 were identified, i.e. achg, ahhg, ayhg, alhg, afhr, afhg, ahyg, vlhg and vhhg. these are more different tetrad variants than have been reported from any other country. the first three variants ... | 2009 | 19219576 |
| identification and mapping of random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers linked to resistance against beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) in beta accessions. | molecular markers linked to resistance genes are useful to facilitate the introgression of one or more of these genes in breeding materials. following the approach of bulked segregant analysis, rapd markers linked to resistance genes against beet necrotic yellow vein virus were identified in the four beta accessions holly-1-4, r104, r128 and wb42. two primers were found which generate rapd markers tightly linked to resistance in segregating families of holly-1-4, r104 and r128, indicating that t ... | 1997 | 19352754 |
| rapid screening of rna silencing suppressors by using a recombinant virus derived from beet necrotic yellow vein virus. | to counteract plant defence mechanisms, plant viruses have evolved to encode rna silencing suppressor (rss) proteins. these proteins can be identified by a range of silencing suppressor assays. here, we describe a simple method using beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) that allows a rapid screening of rss activity. the viral inoculum consisted of bnyvv rna1, which encodes proteins involved in viral replication, and two bnyvv-derived replicons: rep3-p30, which expresses the movement protein p ... | 2009 | 19570958 |
| identification of beet necrotic yellow vein virus p25 pathogenicity factor-interacting sugar beet proteins that represent putative virus targets or components of plant resistance. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) induces the most important disease threatening sugar beet. the growth of partially resistant hybrids carrying monogenic dominant resistance genes stabilize yield but are unable to entirely prevent virus infection and replication. p25 is responsible for symptom development and previous studies have shown that recently occurring resistance-breaking isolates possess increased p25 variability. to better understand the viral pathogenicity factor's interplay wit ... | 2009 | 19589075 |
| isolation of bnyvv coat protein-specific single chain fv from a mouse phage library antibody. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) infects sugar beet plants worldwide and is responsible for the rhizomania disease and severe economic losses. disease severity and lack of naturally occurring resistant plants make it very difficult to control the virus, both from epidemiological and economic standpoints. therefore, early detection is vital to impose hygiene restrictions and prevent further spread of the virus in the field. immunoassays are one of the most popular methodologies for the pri ... | 2009 | 19857111 |
| breakdown of host resistance by independent evolutionary lineages of beet necrotic yellow vein virus involves a parallel c/u mutation in its p25 gene. | abstract breakdown of sugar beet rz1-mediated resistance against beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) infection was previously found, by reverse genetics, to be caused by a single mutation in its p25 gene. the possibility of alternative breaking mutations, however, has not been discarded. to explore the natural diversity of bnyvv in the field and its effects on overcoming rz1, wild-type (wt) and resistance-breaking (rb) p25 genes from diverse production regions of north america were character ... | 2010 | 20055646 |
| characterization and diagnostic potential of foreign epitope-presenting ty1 virus-like particles expressed in escherichia coli and pichia pastoris. | we expressed a truncated p1 protein (p1-379) from the saccharomyces cerevisiae retrotransposon ty1 in the cytosol of escherichia coli and pichia pastoris, achieving maximum expression levels of 20 and 65 mg/l, respectively. two well-characterized epitopes from beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) were used to evaluate the virus-like particles (vlps) as a presentation system for synthetic antigens. the epitopes were placed near the externally located n-terminus and at the internally located c- ... | 2010 | 20068357 |
| bnyvv-derived dsrna confers resistance to rhizomania disease of sugar beet as evidenced by a novel transgenic hairy root approach. | agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed sugar beet hairy roots, expressing dsrna from the beet necrotic yellow vein virus replicase gene, were used as a novel approach to assess the efficacy of three intron-hairpin constructs at conferring resistance to rhizomania disease. genetically engineered roots were similar in morphology to wild type roots but were characterized by a profound abundancy, rapid growth rate and, in some cases, plagiotropic development. upon challenge inoculation, seedlings show ... | 2010 | 20127510 |
| expression of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus p25 protein induces hormonal changes and a root branching phenotype in arabidopsis thaliana. | the rna-3-encoded p25 protein was previously characterized as one of the major symptom determinants of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus. previous analyses reported the influence of the p25 protein in root proliferation phenotype observed in rhizomania disease on infected sugar beets (beta vulgaris). a transgenic approach was developed, in which the p25 protein was constitutively expressed in arabidopsis thaliana columbia (col-0) ecotype in order to provide new clues as to how the p25 protein ... | 2011 | 20602166 |
| host effect on the genetic diversification of beet necrotic yellow vein virus single-plant populations. | theoretical models predict that, under restrictive host conditions, virus populations will exhibit greater genetic variability. this virus response has been experimentally demonstrated in a few cases but its relation with a virus's capability to overcome plant resistance is unknown. to explore the genetic host effects on beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) populations that might be related to resistance durability, a wild-type virus isolate was vector inoculated into partially resistant rz1, ... | 2010 | 20649415 |
| efficient dsrna-mediated transgenic resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar beets is not affected by other soilborne and aphid-transmitted viruses. | rhizomania caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is one of the most devastating sugar beet diseases. sugar beet plants engineered to express a 0.4 kb inverted repeat construct based on the bnyvv replicase gene accumulated the transgene mrna to similar levels in leaves and roots, whereas accumulation of the transgene-homologous sirna was more pronounced in roots. the roots expressed high levels of resistance to bnyvv transmitted by the vector, polymyxa betae. resistance to bnyvv was n ... | 2008 | 17431806 |
| the evolutionary history of beet necrotic yellow vein virus deduced from genetic variation, geographical origin and spread, and the breaking of host resistance. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is an economically important pathogen of sugar beet and has been found worldwide, probably as the result of recent worldwide spread. the bnyvv genome consists of four or five rna components. here, we report analysis of sequence variation in the rna3-p25, rna4-p31, rna2-cp, and rna5-p26 genes of 73 worldwide isolates. the rna3-p25 gene encodes virulence and avirulence factors. these four sets of gene sequences each fell into two to four groups, of which the ... | 2011 | 20977309 |
| analysis of the resistance-breaking ability of different beet necrotic yellow vein virus isolates loaded into a single polymyxa betae population in soil. | the genome of most beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) isolates is comprised of four rnas. the ability of certain isolates to overcome rz1-mediated resistance in sugar beet grown in the united states and europe is associated with point mutations in the pathogenicity factor p25. when the virus is inoculated mechanically into sugar beet roots at high density, the ability depends on an alanine to valine substitution at p25 position 67. increased aggressiveness is shown by bnyvv p type isolates, ... | 2011 | 21303211 |
| the hrpz gene of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola enhances resistance to rhizomania disease in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana and sugar beet. | to explore possible sources of transgenic resistance to the rhizomania-causing beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), nicotiana benthamiana plants were constructed to express the harpin of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (hrpz(psph)). the hrpz protein was expressed as an n-terminal fusion to the pr1 signal peptide (sp/hrpz) to direct harpin accumulation to the plant apoplast. transgene integration was verified by mpcr in all primary transformants (t0), while immunoblot analysis confirmed ... | 2011 | 21394206 |
| the molecular organization of beet necrotic yellow vein virus. | isolates of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) contain rod-like virus particles of four different lengths. using electron microscopy in combination with optical diffraction and digital image processing methods, we have determined their structural organization. all particles observe the same helical symmetry, according to which the coat protein molecules (mr approximately 21,000) follow a single-stranded right-handed helix of pitch 2.6 nm. this helix has an axial repeat of four turns, involv ... | 1981 | 18635084 |
| in vitro dual culture of polymyxa betae in agrobacterium rhizogenes transformed sugar beet hairy roots in liquid media. | abstract. polymyxa betae is a soil-borne protist and an obligate parasite of sugar beet that transmits the beet necrotic yellow vein virus. sugar beet hairy roots, transformed by agrobacterium rhizogenes, were inoculated with surface-sterilized root fragments infected by p. betae. after 10ôçâwk in a liquid medium, typical structures of p. betae were observed in this in vitro system. this first in vitro culture of p. betae in liquid medium will contribute to a better understanding of this protist ... | 2011 | 21699623 |
| beet soil-borne mosaic virus rna-4 encodes a 32kda protein involved in symptom expression and in virus transmission through polymyxa betae. | beet soil-borne mosaic virus (bsbmv), like beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), is a member of the benyvirus genus and both are transmitted by polymyxa betae. both viruses possess a similar genomic organization: rna-1 and -2 are essential for infection and replication while rna-3 and -4 play important roles in disease development and vector-mediated infection in sugar beet roots. we characterized a new species of bsbmv rna-4 that encodes a 32kda protein and a chimeric form of bsbmv rna-3 and ... | 2011 | 22209119 |
| testing the 3'-untranslated rna regions of beet necrotic yellow vein virus and beet yellows virus as inducers of posttranscriptional gene silencing. | | 2011 | 21928144 |
| identification of differentially expressed root genes upon rhizomania disease. | rhizomania is one of the most devastating sugar beet diseases. it is caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), which induces abnormal rootlet proliferation. to understand better the physiological and molecular basis of the disorder, transcriptome analysis was performed by restriction fragment differential display polymerase chain reaction (rfdd-pcr), which provided differential gene expression profiles between non-infected and infected sugar beet roots. two distinct viral isolates were ... | 2008 | 19019003 |
| the first 17 amino acids of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna-5-encoded p26 protein are sufficient to activate transcription in a yeast one-hybrid system. | the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) rna-5-encoded p26 protein is involved in the accentuation of symptoms expression of infected chenopodium quinoa plants and is capable of transcription activation (ta) in yeast. ta was previously localized within the first 55 residues of the p26 protein. interestingly, ta did not occur when c-terminally deleted forms of p26 were used. we used a genetic screen in the yeast one-hybrid system to select restored ta from randomly generated mutants. the ta do ... | 2009 | 19137435 |
| identification of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in lakes district: a major beet growing area in turkey. | this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) causal agent of rhizomania, in sugar beet cultivation areas in the lakes district of turkey, in 2006-2007. during surveys bnyvv suspected leaf, root, and soil samples were collected. total of 203 soil samples were collected from different locations in the region. sugar beet cultivar kasandra plants were grown in these soil samples using bait plant techniques. in order to detect the structures of the v ... | 2011 | 23637514 |
| high level resistance against rhizomania disease by simultaneously integrating two distinct defense mechanisms. | with the aim of achieving durable resistance against rhizomania disease of sugar beet, the employment of different sources of resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus was pursued. to this purpose, nicotiana benthamiana transgenic plants that simultaneously produce dsrna originating from a conserved region of the bnyvv replicase gene and the hrpz(psph) protein in a secreted form (sp/hrpz(psph)) were produced. the integration and expression of both transgenes as well as proper production of t ... | 2012 | 23284692 |
| systemic resistance induced by bacillus lipopeptides in beta vulgaris reduces infection by the rhizomania disease vector polymyxa betae. | the control of rhizomania, one of the most important diseases of sugar beet caused by the beet necrotic yellow vein virus, remains limited to varietal resistance. in this study, we investigated the putative action of bacillus amylolequifaciens lipopeptides in achieving rhizomania biocontrol through the control of the virus vector polymyxa betae. some lipopeptides that are produced by bacteria, especially by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, have been found to induce systemic resistance in pl ... | 2012 | 23279057 |
| cloning of the coat protein gene from beet necrotic yellow vein virus and its expression in sugar beet hairy roots. | expression of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) coat protein (cp) gene in transgenic sugar beet hairy roots was accomplished as a step towards cp-mediated virus resistance. a cdna for the cp gene and its 5' terminal untranslated leader sequence was prepared from bnyvv rna, using two oligodeoxynucleotides to prime the synthesis of both strands. second-strand synthesis and amplification of the cdna were done by taq dna polymerase chain reactions. run-off transcripts of the cloned cdna se ... | 1991 | 24221440 |
| agroinoculation of beet necrotic yellow vein virus cdna clones results in plant systemic infection and efficient polymyxa betae transmission. | agroinoculation is a quick and easy method for the infection of plants with viruses. this method involves the infiltration of tissue with a suspension of agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying binary plasmids harbouring full-length cdna copies of viral genome components. when transferred into host cells, transcription of the cdna produces rna copies of the viral genome that initiate infection. we produced full-length cdna corresponding to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) rnas and derived repl ... | 2013 | 23384276 |
| the p25 pathogenicity factor of beet necrotic yellow vein virus targets the sugar beet 26s proteasome involved in the induction of a hypersensitive resistance response via interaction with an f-box protein. | p25, a beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) pathogenicity factor, interacts with a sugar beet protein with high homology to arabidopsis thaliana kelch repeat containing f-box family proteins (fbk) of unknown function in yeast. fbk are members of the skp1-cullin-f-box (scf) complex that mediate protein degradation. here, we confirm this sugar beet fbk-p25 interaction in vivo and in vitro and provide evidence for in planta interaction and similar subcellular distribution in nicotiana tabacum le ... | 2012 | 22512382 |
| beet necrotic yellow vein virus coat protein-mediated protection in sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l.) protoplasts. | transformed beta vulgaris l. suspension cultures were obtained after cocultivation of sugarbeet cells with agrobacterium tumefaciens harbouring a binary vector containing the coat protein gene of beet necrotic yellow vein virus inserted between the kanamycin resistance gene and a ß-glucuronidase reporter gene. protoplasts were isolated both from untransformed cells, and from transformed cells expressing the viral coat protein, and both were then infected with beet necrotic yellow vein virus. com ... | 1990 | 24226708 |
| validation of reference genes for gene expression studies in virus-infected nicotiana benthamiana using quantitative real-time pcr. | nicotiana benthamiana is the most widely-used experimental host in plant virology. the recent release of the draft genome sequence for n. benthamiana consolidates its role as a model for plant-pathogen interactions. quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) is commonly employed for quantitative gene expression analysis. for valid qpcr analysis, accurate normalisation of gene expression against an appropriate internal control is required. yet there has been little systematic investigation of reference ge ... | 2012 | 23029521 |
| p0 proteins of european beet-infecting poleroviruses display variable rna silencing suppression activity. | post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs), or rna silencing, is one of the key mechanisms of antiviral defence used by plants. to counter this defence response, viruses produce suppressor proteins that are able to inhibit the ptgs pathway or to interfere with some of its function. the aim of this study was to evaluate the rna silencing suppressor (rss) activity of p0 proteins from selected european isolates of the beet-infecting poleroviruses beet chlorosis virus (bchv) and beet mild yellowing ... | 2010 | 19955562 |
| transcriptome analysis of beta macrocarpa and identification of differentially expressed transcripts in response to beet necrotic yellow vein virus infection. | rhizomania is one of the most devastating diseases of sugar beet. it is caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) transmitted by the obligate root-infecting parasite polymyxa betae. beta macrocarpa, a wild beet species widely used as a systemic host in the laboratory, can be rub-inoculated with bnyvv to avoid variation associated with the presence of the vector p. betae. to better understand disease and resistance between beets and bnyvv, we characterized the transcriptome of b. macrocar ... | 2015 | 26196682 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in china. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is a serious threat to the sugar beet industry worldwide. however, little information is available regarding the genetic diversity and population structure of bnyvv in china. here, we analyzed multiple sequences from four genomic regions (cp, rna3, rna4 and rna5) of a set of chinese isolates. sequence analyses revealed that several isolates were mixed infections of variants with different genotypes and/or different p25 tetrad motifs. in total, 12 distinct ... | 2015 | 25997927 |
| new bnyvv p25 variants in belgium. | rhizomania is a widespread viral plant disease of major importance in sugar beet cropping and breeding. it is caused by the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), a benyvirus transmitted by the soil inhabiting plasmodiophorid polymyxa betae. this vector also transmits other sugar beet virus such as beet virus q (bvq) and beet soil-borne virus (bsbv). despite identification of resistance genes, bnyvv remains a major constraint because of resistance-breaking events as well as its ability to surv ... | 2015 | 27141738 |
| on the interaction and localization of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus replicase. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is a multipartite positive-strand rna virus. bnyvv rna-1 encodes a non-structural p237 polyprotein processed in two proteins (p150 and p66) by a cis-acting protease activity. bnyvv non-structural proteins are closely related to replication proteins of positive strand rna viruses such as hepeviruses rather to other plant virus replicases. the p237 and dsrna have been localized by tem in er structures of infected leaf cells whereas dsrna was immunolabeled in ... | 2015 | 25445349 |
| infection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus with rna4-encoded p31 specifically up-regulates pathogenesis-related protein 10 in nicotiana benthamiana. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is the infectious agent of sugar beet rhizomania, which consists of four or five plus-sense rnas. rna4 of bnyvv is not essential for virus propagation in nicotiana benthamiana but has a major effect on symptom expression. early reports showed that rna4-encoded p31 was associated with severe symptoms, such as curling and dwarfing, in n. benthamiana. | 2014 | 24961274 |
| proteomic profiling of sugar beet (beta vulgaris) leaves during rhizomania compatible interactions. | rhizomania, caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), severely impacts sugar beet (beta vulgaris) production throughout the world, and is widely prevalent in most production regions. initial efforts to characterize proteome changes focused primarily on identifying putative host factors that elicit resistant interactions with bnyvv, but as resistance breaking strains become more prevalent, effective disease control strategies will require the application of novel methods based on better ... | 2014 | 28250378 |
| deep sequencing-based transcriptome profiling reveals comprehensive insights into the responses of nicotiana benthamiana to beet necrotic yellow vein virus infections containing or lacking rna4. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), encodes either four or five plus-sense single stranded rnas and is the causal agent of sugar beet rhizomania disease, which is widely distributed in most regions of the world. bnyvv can also infect nicotiana benthamiana systemically, and causes severe curling and stunting symptoms in the presence of rna4 or mild symptoms in the absence of rna4. | 2014 | 24416380 |
| characterization of burdock mottle virus, a novel member of the genus benyvirus, and the identification of benyvirus-related sequences in the plant and insect genomes. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the burdock mottle virus (bdmov) isolated from an edible burdock plant (arctium lappa) in japan has been determined. bdmov has a bipartite genome, whose organization is similar to rna1 and rna2 of benyviruses, beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), beet soil-borne mosaic virus (bsbmv), and rice stripe necrosis virus (rsnv). bdmov rna1 (7038 nt) contains a single open reading frame (orf) encoding a 249-kda polypeptide that consists of methyl-transferase, heli ... | 2013 | 23911632 |
| gene duplication is infrequent in the recent evolutionary history of rna viruses. | gene duplication generates genetic novelty and redundancy and is a major mechanism of evolutionary change in bacteria and eukaryotes. to date, however, gene duplication has been reported only rarely in rna viruses. using a conservative blast approach we systematically screened for the presence of duplicated (i.e., paralogous) proteins in all rna viruses for which full genome sequences are publicly available. strikingly, we found only nine significantly supported cases of gene duplication, two of ... | 2013 | 23486612 |
| effect of sugar beet genotype on the beet necrotic yellow vein virus p25 pathogenicity factor and evidence for a fitness penalty in resistance-breaking strains. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), vectored by polymyxa betae, causes rhizomania in sugar beet. for disease control, the cultivation of hybrids carrying rz1 resistance is crucial, but is compromised by resistance-breaking (rb) strains with specific mutations in the p25 protein at amino acids 67-70 (tetrad). to obtain evidence for p25 variability from soil-borne populations, where the virus persists for decades, populations with wild-type (wt) and rb properties were analysed by p25 deep seq ... | 2013 | 23282068 |
| the benyvirus rna silencing suppressor is essential for long-distance movement, requires both zinc-finger and nols basic residues but not a nucleolar localization for its silencing-suppression activity. | the rna silencing-suppression properties of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) and beet soil-borne mosaic virus (bsbmv) cysteine-rich p14 proteins have been investigated. suppression of rna silencing activities were made evident using viral infection of silenced nicotiana benthamiana 16c, n. benthamiana agroinfiltrated with green fluorescent protein (gfp), and gf-fg hairpin triggers supplemented with viral suppressor of rna silencing (vsr) constructs or using complementation of a silencing- ... | 2013 | 23013437 |
| the cysteine-rich proteins of beet necrotic yellow vein virus and tobacco rattle virus contribute to efficient suppression of silencing in roots. | many plant viruses encode proteins that suppress rna silencing, but little is known about the activity of silencing suppressors in roots. this study examined differences in the silencing suppression activity of different viruses in leaves and roots of nicotiana benthamiana plants. infection by tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus y and cucumber mosaic virus but not potato virus x (pvx) resulted in strong silencing suppression activity of a transgene in both leaves and roots, whereas infection by b ... | 2012 | 22647371 |
| beet necrotic yellow vein virus subgenomic rna3 is a cleavage product leading to stable non-coding rna required for long-distance movement. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is a multipartite rna virus. bnyvv rna3 does not accumulate in non-host transgenic arabidopsis thaliana plants when expressed using a 35s promoter. however, a 3'-derivative species has been detected in transgenic plants and in transient expression assays conducted in nicotiana benthamiana and beta macrocarpa. the 3'-derivative species is similar to the previously reported subgenomic rna3 produced during virus infection. 5' race revealed that the truncated ... | 2012 | 22258860 |
| isolation, cloning and large scale expression of glutathione-s-transferase (gst) protein of polymyxa betae. | the plasmodiophoromycete polymyxa betae, an obligate parasite of sugar-beet roots, is a natural vector of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv). to develop protein based diagnosis for any pathogenic agents including p. betae, a specific immunogenic protein has to be prepared. the glutathione-s-transferase (gst) is expressed in all the morphologically different stages of the pathogen's life cycle, and then it is a good candidate as an immunogenic agent for developing of specific antibodies and ... | 2012 | 23878968 |
| development of high-throughput quantum dot biosensor against polymyxa species. | the plasmodiophoromycete polymyxa betae and p. graminis are eukaryotic biotrophic parasites residing in the roots of chenopodiacae and gramineae plants. they are natural transmitting agents of several important plant viruses such as are beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyw), beet soil borne mosaic virus (bsbmv), wheat soil-borne mosaic virus (wsbmv). developing advanced high-throughput diagnostic methods capable of accurate detection of these pathogens could assist with the screening programs a ... | 2012 | 23878956 |
| inheritance of resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus in beta vulgaris conferred by a second gene for resistance. | rhizomania is a serious disease of sugar beet, caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv). the disease can only be controlled by the use of resistant cultivars. the accession holly contains a single dominant gene for resistance, called rz. the identification of a locus for resistance that differs from rz would provide possibilities to produce cultivars with multiple resistance to bnyvv. inheritance of resistance to bnyvv was studied by screening progenies of crosses between resistant plan ... | 1999 | 22665213 |
| highly specific detection of five exotic quarantine plant viruses using rt-pcr. | to detect five plant viruses (beet black scorch virus, beet necrotic yellow vein virus, eggplant mottled dwarf virus, pelargonium zonate spot virus, and rice yellow mottle virus) for quarantine purposes, we designed 15 rt-pcr primer sets. primer design was based on the nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene, which is highly conserved within species. all but one primer set successfully amplified the targets, and gradient pcrs indicated that the optimal temperature for the 14 useful primer s ... | 2013 | 25288934 |
| a viral noncoding rna complements a weakened viral rna silencing suppressor and promotes efficient systemic host infection. | systemic movement of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) in beta macrocarpa depends on viral rna3, whereas in nicotiana benthamiana this rna is dispensable. rna3 contains a coremin motif of 20 nucleotides essential for the stabilization of noncoding rna3 (ncrna3) and for long-distance movement in beta species. coremin mutants that are unable to accumulate ncrna3 also do not achieve systemic movement in beta species. a mutant virus carrying a mutation in the p14 viral suppressor of rna silenc ... | 2016 | 27782046 |
| remote detection of rhizomania in sugar beets. | abstract as a prelude to remote sensing of rhizomania, hyper-spectral leaf reflectance and multi-spectral canopy reflectance were used to study the physiological differences between healthy sugar beets and beets infested with beet necrotic yellow vein virus. this study was conducted over time in the presence of declining nitrogen levels. total leaf nitrogen was significantly lower in symptomatic beets than in healthy beets. chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were reduced in symptomatic beets. veg ... | 2003 | 18943059 |
| development and evaluation of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of beet necrotic yellow vein virus. | sugar beet can be infected by many different viruses that can reduce yield; beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is one of the most economically important viruses of this crop plant. this report describes a new reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay for identification of bnyvv. in addition, a novel immunocapture (ic) rt-lamp assay for rapid and easy detection (without rna extraction) of bnyvv was developed here and compared with das-elisa and rt-lamp assa ... | 2017 | 27738843 |