Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| the parasitic communities of the rock pigeon columba livia from iraq: component and importance. | the main objectives of the present study were to investigate the rock pigeon parasitic communities from iraq as well as reporting on the prevalence and intensity of various infections from both sexes. | 2012 | 23339946 |
| production of amorphadiene in yeast, and its conversion to dihydroartemisinic acid, precursor to the antimalarial agent artemisinin. | malaria, caused by plasmodium sp, results in almost one million deaths and over 200 million new infections annually. the world health organization has recommended that artemisinin-based combination therapies be used for treatment of malaria. artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the plant artemisia annua. however, the supply and price of artemisinin fluctuate greatly, and an alternative production method would be valuable to increase availability. we describe progress toward the g ... | 2012 | 22247290 |
| congenital parasitic infections: a review. | this review defines the concepts of maternal-fetal (congenital) and vertical transmissions (mother-to-child) of pathogens and specifies the human parasites susceptible to be congenitally transferred. it highlights the epidemiological features of this transmission mode for the three main congenital parasitic infections due to toxoplasma gondii, trypanosoma cruzi and plasmodium sp. information on the possible maternal-fetal routes of transmission, the placental responses to infection and timing of ... | 2012 | 22085916 |
| comparative evaluation of two rapid field tests for malaria diagnosis: partec rapid malaria test(r) and binax now(r) malaria rapid diagnostic test. | abstract: background: about 90% of all malaria deaths in sub-saharan africa occur in children under five years. fast and reliable diagnosis of malaria requires confirmation of the presence of malaria parasites in the blood of patients with fever or history suggestive of malaria; hence a prompt and accurate diagnosis of malaria is the key to effective disease management. confirmation of malaria infection requires the availability of a rapid, sensitive, and specific testing at an affordable cost. ... | 2011 | 21605401 |
| nephrotic syndrome and unrecognized plasmodium malariae infection in a us navy sailor 14 years after departing nigeria. | a 34-year-old nigerian man presented with nephrotic syndrome. renal biopsy revealed chronic membranous glomerulopathy with focal segmental sclerosis. blood giemsa smear contained rare plasmodium sp. trophozoites and small subunit ribosomal rna polymerase chain reaction amplification confirmed the presence of plasmodium malariae. this case highlights the importance of obtaining even remote travel histories from ill immigrants and considering occult quartan malaria in patients from endemic locatio ... | 2011 | 21722243 |
| hematozoa and a new haemoproteid species from cathartidae (new world vultures)in south carolina. | abstract abstract: a survey of turkey vultures (cathartes aura) in south carolina revealed the presence of a novel haemoproteid. haemoproteus catharti n.sp. is described from the slides from this vulture. the new species is a thick, halteridial form with complete margins and is considered distinct from the other recognized haemoproteids from the diurnal raptors in shape, pigment number, parasite outline and host family specificity. while reviewing blood films, a series of unusual immature schizo ... | 2011 | 21801006 |
| bayesian geostatistical modelling of malaria and lymphatic filariasis infections in uganda: predictors of risk and geographical patterns of co-endemicity. | in uganda, malaria and lymphatic filariasis (causative agent wuchereria bancrofti) are transmitted by the same vector species of anopheles mosquitoes, and thus are likely to share common environmental risk factors and overlap in geographical space. in a comprehensive nationwide survey in 2000-2003 the geographical distribution of w. bancrofti was assessed by screening school-aged children for circulating filarial antigens (cfa). concurrently, blood smears were examined for malaria parasites. in ... | 2011 | 21989409 |
| asymptomatic carriage of malaria parasites in blood donors in yaoundé | background: malaria can be transmitted through blood transfusion, but there is paucity of data concerning transfusion-transmitted malaria in cameroun. objective: to determine prevalence of malaria infection and association with epidemiological and clinical data obtained from donors' responses. methods: microscopic examination of stained thick and thin blood smears for the detection, quantification and specification of plasmodium sp was performed on 493 blood donors in two main hospitals in yaoun ... | 2011 | 22141368 |
| african monkeys are infected by plasmodium falciparum nonhuman primate-specific strains. | recent molecular exploration of the plasmodium species circulating in great apes in africa has revealed the existence of a large and previously unknown diversity of plasmodium. for instance, gorillas were found to be infected by parasites closely related to plasmodium falciparum, suggesting that the human malignant malaria agent may have arisen after a transfer from gorillas. although this scenario is likely in light of the data collected in great apes, it remained to be ascertained whether p. f ... | 2011 | 21730135 |
| impairment of the plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic cycle induced by angiotensin peptides. | plasmodium falciparum causes the most serious complications of malaria and is a public health problem worldwide with over 2 million deaths each year. the erythrocyte invasion mechanisms by plasmodium sp. have been well described, however the physiological aspects involving host components in this process are still poorly understood. here, we provide evidence for the role of renin-angiotensin system (ras) components in reducing erythrocyte invasion by p. falciparum. angiotensin ii (ang ii) reduce ... | 2011 | 21364758 |
| annual variations in the number of malaria cases related to two different patterns of anopheles darlingi transmission potential in the maroni area of french guiana. | with an annual parasite incidence (api) of 132.1, in the high and moderate risks zones, the maroni area of french guiana has the second highest malaria incidence of south-america after guyana (api = 183.54) and far above brazil (api = 28.25). malaria transmission is occurring despite strong medical assistance and active vector control, based on general who recommendations. this situation is generated by two main factors that are the social and cultural characteristics of this border area, where ... | 2010 | 20307300 |
| regulation of cd8+ t cell responses to infection with parasitic protozoa. | there are over 10,000 species of parasitic protozoa, a subset of which can cause considerable disease in humans. here we examine in detail the complex immune response generated during infection with a subset of these parasites: trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania sp., toxoplasma gondii, and plasmodium sp. while these particular species perhaps represent the most studied parasites in terms of understanding how t cells function during infection, it is clear that the lessons learned from this body of wor ... | 2010 | 20493842 |
| indigenous plasmodium ovale malaria in bangladesh. | in spite of the high prevalence of malaria in southeastern bangladesh, there remains a significant shortage of information regarding the presence of three of five human malaria parasites: plasmodium ovale, p. malariae, and p. knowlesi. the presence of p. ovale and p. knowlesi has previously never been reported from bangladesh. we used a genus- and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction, targeting highly conserved regions of the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) gene, to investiga ... | 2010 | 20595481 |
| transgenesis and paratransgenesis to control insect-borne diseases: current status and future challenges. | insect-borne diseases cause significant human morbidity and mortality. current control and preventive methods against vector-borne diseases rely mainly on insecticides. the emergence of insecticide resistance in many disease vectors highlights the necessity to develop new strategies to control these insects. vector transgenesis and paratransgenesis are novel strategies that aim at reducing insect vectorial capacity, or seek to eliminate transmission of pathogens such as plasmodium sp., trypanoso ... | 2010 | 19819346 |
| structural modifications of quinoline-based antimalarial agents: recent developments. | antimalarial drugs constitute a major part of antiprotozoal drugs and have been in practice for a long time. antimalarial agents generally belong to the class of quinoline which acts by interfering with heme metabolism. the recent increase in development of chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum and failure of vaccination program against malaria have fuelled the drug discovery program against this old and widespread disease. quinoline and its related derivative comprise a class o ... | 2010 | 21814435 |
| comparison of three real-time pcr methods with blood smears and rapid diagnostic test in plasmodium sp. infection. | in cases of malaria, rapid and accurate diagnosis of plasmodium sp. is essential. in this study three different quantitative, real-time pcr methods were compared with routine methods used for malaria diagnosis. a comparative study was conducted prospectively in the laboratories of montpellier and nîmes university hospitals. the methods used for routine diagnostic malaria testing consisted of microscopic examination of giemsa-stained blood smears and rapid diagnostic tests. three quantitative rea ... | 2010 | 19840032 |
| regulation of gene expression in protozoa parasites. | infections with protozoa parasites are associated with high burdens of morbidity and mortality across the developing world. despite extensive efforts to control the transmission of these parasites, the spread of populations resistant to drugs and the lack of effective vaccines against them contribute to their persistence as major public health problems. parasites should perform a strict control on the expression of genes involved in their pathogenicity, differentiation, immune evasion, or drug r ... | 2010 | 20204171 |
| hematological parameters of ameiva ameiva (reptilia: teiidae) naturally infected with hemogregarine: confirmation of monocytosis. | little is known on how hematozoan infection changes reptile hematology. the lizard ameiva ameiva is widely distributed in the americas and is infected by hematozoan parasites. previous studies on this lizard have shown that the parasite of monocytes causes a variety of ultrastructural changes in infected host cells. the present study reports that this infection does not cause any change to the erythrocytic values. however, a marked increase in the number of leukocytes (especially monocytes) was ... | 2010 | 20409641 |
| carotenoid-based bill colour is an integrative signal of multiple parasite infection in blackbird. | in the study of parasite-mediated sexual selection, there has been controversial evidence for the prediction that brighter males should have fewer parasites. most of these studies have focused on one parasite species. our aim was to investigate the expression of carotenoid-based coloured signals in relation to patterns of multiple parasite infections, to determine whether colour reflects parasite load of all parasite species, or whether different relationships might be found when looking at each ... | 2010 | 20845023 |
| detection of plasmodium sp. in capybara. | in the present study, we have microscopically and molecularly surveyed blood samples from 11 captive capybaras (hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) from the sanctuary zoo for plasmodium sp. infection. one animal presented positive on blood smear by light microscopy. polymerase chain reaction was carried out accordingly using a nested genus-specific protocol, which uses oligonucleotides from conserved sequences flanking a variable sequence region in the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssrrna) of all plasmodi ... | 2009 | 19411142 |
| intestinal and haematic parasitism in the birds of the almuñecar (granada, spain) ornithological garden. | birds from the almuñecar ornithological garden (granada, spain) were surveyed from june 2006 to may 2007 to establish programmes to prevent, control, and treat intestinal and haematic parasites. a total of 984 faecal samples and 41 samples of blood were collected from psittacidae, cacatuidae, phasianidae, and anatidae. one or more intestinal parasites were identified in 51.6% of the samples. blood parasites were found in 26.8% of the birds examined. the most frequent pathogenic endoparasites wer ... | 2009 | 19682800 |
| patterns of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum malaria underscore importance of data collection from private health care facilities in india. | this study describes patterns of falciparum and vivax malaria in a private comprehensive-care, multi-specialty hospital in new delhi from july 2006 to july 2008. | 2009 | 19822005 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of plasmodium falciparum in thailand, a low transmission country. | the population structure of the causative agents of human malaria, plasmodium sp., including the most serious agent plasmodium falciparum, depends on the local epidemiological and demographic situations, such as the incidence of infected people, the vector transmission intensity and migration of inhabitants (i.e. exchange between sites). analysing the structure of p. falciparum populations at a large scale, such as continents, or with markers that are subject to non-neutral selection, can lead t ... | 2009 | 19602241 |
| antimalarial activity of betulinic acid and derivatives in vitro against plasmodium falciparum and in vivo in p. berghei-infected mice. | malaria is one of the most important tropical diseases and mainly affects populations living in developing countries. reduced sensitivity of plasmodium sp. to formerly recommended antimalarial drugs places an increasing burden on malaria control programs as well as on national health systems in endemic countries. the present study aims to evaluate the antimalarial activity of betulinic acid and its derivative compounds, betulonic acid, betulinic acid acetate, betulinic acid methyl ester, and bet ... | 2009 | 19367418 |
| a systematic classification of plasmodium falciparum p-loop ntpases: structural and functional correlation. | the p-loop ntpases constitute one of the largest groups of globular protein domains that play highly diverse functional roles in most of the organisms. even with the availability of nearly 300 different hidden markov models representing the p-loop ntpase superfamily, not many p-loop ntpases are known in plasmodium falciparum. a number of characteristic attributes of the genome have resulted into the lack of knowledge about this functionally diverse, but important class of proteins. | 2009 | 19374766 |
| pathological rupture of the spleen in malaria: analysis of 55 cases (1958-2008). | splenic rupture during acute malaria is rare but underreported. because splenic rupture occurs mostly in non-immune adults, ongoing malaria elimination efforts may paradoxically increase the proportion of plasmodium-infected patients suffering from this life-threatening complication. the pathogenesis and optimal patient management are still debated. | 2009 | 19411041 |
| natural plasmodium infections in brazilian wild monkeys: reservoirs for human infections? | four hundred and forty-eight samples of total blood from wild monkeys living in areas where human autochthonous malaria cases have been reported were screened for the presence of plasmodium using microscopy and pcr analysis. samples came from the following distinct ecological areas of brazil: atlantic forest (n=140), semideciduous atlantic forest (n=257) and cerrado (a savannah-like habitat) (n=51). thick and thin blood smears of each specimen were examined and plasmodium infection was screened ... | 2008 | 18620330 |
| plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen-1: comparative recognition of different domains by antibodies induced during natural human infection. | the apical membrane antigen-1 (ama-1) of plasmodium sp. has been suggested as a vaccine candidate against malaria. this protein seems to be involved in merozoite invasion and its extra-cellular portion contains three distinct domains: di, dii, and diii. previously, we described that plasmodium vivax ama-1 (pvama-1) ectodomain is highly immunogenic in natural human infections. here, we expressed each domain, separately or in combination (di-ii or dii-iii), as bacterial recombinant proteins to map ... | 2008 | 18692152 |
| dynamic rna profiling in plasmodium falciparum synchronized blood stages exposed to lethal doses of artesunate. | translation of the genome sequence of plasmodium sp. into biologically relevant information relies on high through-put genomics technology which includes transcriptome analysis. however, few studies to date have used this powerful approach to explore transcriptome alterations of p. falciparum parasites exposed to antimalarial drugs. | 2008 | 18706115 |
| synthesis, antimalarial activity, and intracellular targets of mefas, a new hybrid compound derived from mefloquine and artesunate. | a new synthetic antimalarial drug, a salt derived from two antimalarial molecules, mefloquine (mq) and artesunate (as), here named mefas, has been tested for its pharmacological activity. combinations of as plus mq hydrochloride are currently being used in areas with drug-resistant plasmodium falciparum parasites; although as clears parasitemia in shorter time periods than any other antimalarial drug, it does not cure infected patients; in addition, mq causes side effects and is rather expensive ... | 2008 | 18710907 |
| characterization of a conserved rhoptry-associated leucine zipper-like protein in the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. | one of the key processes in the pathobiology of the malaria parasite is the invasion and subsequent modification of the human erythrocyte. in this complex process, an unknown number of parasite proteins are involved, some of which are leading vaccine candidates. the majority of the proteins that play pivotal roles in invasion are either stored in the apical secretory organelles or located on the surface of the merozoite, the invasive stage of the parasite. using transcriptional and structural fe ... | 2008 | 18174339 |
| stronger activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitors against clinical isolates of plasmodium vivax than against those of p. falciparum. | recent studies using laboratory clones have demonstrated that several antiretroviral protease inhibitors (pis) inhibit the growth of plasmodium falciparum at concentrations that may be of clinical significance, especially during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and malaria coinfection. using clinical isolates, we now demonstrate the in vitro effectiveness of two hiv-1 aspartic pis, saquinavir (sqv) and ritonavir (rtv), against p. vivax (n = 30) and p. falciparum (n = 20) from populati ... | 2008 | 18443130 |
| the antimalarial trioxaquine du1301 alkylates heme in malaria-infected mice. | the in vivo alkylation of heme by the antimalarial trioxaquine du1301 afforded covalent heme-drug adducts that were detected in the spleens of plasmodium sp.-infected mice. this result indicates that the alkylation capacities of trioxaquines in mammals infected with plasmodium strains are similar to that of artemisinin, a natural antimalarial trioxane-containing drug. | 2008 | 18559651 |
| blood parasites in wood storks (mycteria americana) from the southeastern united states. | wood storks (mycteria americana) are endangered throughout their breeding range in the united states. because of this, researchers have had little opportunity to thoroughly examine the continental wood stork population for endoparasites. the blood protozoan haemoproteus crumenium has been identified from several populations of wood storks in north america. however, there have been no reports of wood storks being infected with species of plasmodium or leucocytozoon. during 2003, 42 nestling wood ... | 2008 | 18576809 |
| interaction between artemisinin and heme. a density functional theory study of structures and interaction energies. | malaria is an infectious disease caused by the unicellular parasite plasmodium sp. currently, the malaria parasite is becoming resistant to the traditional pharmacological alternatives, which are ineffective. artemisinin is the most recent advance in the chemotherapy of malaria. since it has been proven that artemisinin may act on intracellular heme, we have undertaken a systematic study of several interactions and arrangements between artemisinin and heme. density functional theory calculations ... | 2008 | 18375130 |
| avian haemosporidian parasites infection in wild birds inhabiting minami-daito island of the northwest pacific, japan. | haemosporidian parasites infection among wild birds inhabiting minami-daito island was studied. blood films from 183 birds representing 4 species of 4 families were examined microscopically. avian haemosporidian parasites were detected in 3 species with an overall prevalence of 59.6%. none of the 30 daito scops owls (otus scops interpositus) examined were infected. either haemoproteus sp. or plasmodium sp. infection was found in 14 of 31 (45.2%) borodino islands white-eyes (zosterops japonicus d ... | 2008 | 18525175 |
| targeting the plasmepsin 4 orthologs of plasmodium sp. with "double drug" inhibitors. | plasmepsin 4 (pm4) is a digestive vacuole enzyme found in all plasmodium species examined to date. while p. falciparum has three additional aspartic proteinases in its digestive vacuole in addition to plasmepsin 4, other plasmodium species have only pm4 in their digestive vacuole. therefore, pm4 may be a good target for the development of an antimalarial drug. this study presents data obtained with pm4s from several plasmodium species. low nanomolar k(i) values have been observed for all pm4s st ... | 2008 | 18991760 |
| hematological and plasma biochemistry of the adult wild african grasscutter (thryonomys swinderianus). | hematological and plasma biochemical values of wild grasscutters were evaluated to determine their potential to transmit zoonotic pathogens. three 5-ml blood samples were collected from each of 1000 grasscutters caught in the wild for hematology, biochemical, and parasitological tests. hematological and biochemical values were compared with those from captive-reared grasscutters. there are significantly (p < 0.05) higher lymphocyte, eosinophil, and basophil values for wild grasscutters compared ... | 2008 | 19120259 |
| self-reactivities to the non-erythroid alpha spectrin correlate with cerebral malaria in gabonese children. | hypergammaglobulinemia and polyclonal b-cell activation commonly occur in plasmodium sp. infections. some of the antibodies produced recognize self-components and are correlated with disease severity in p. falciparum malaria. however, it is not known whether some self-reactive antibodies produced during p. falciparum infection contribute to the events leading to cerebral malaria (cm). we show here a correlation between self-antibody responses to a human brain protein and high levels of circulati ... | 2007 | 17460756 |
| immobilization of the type xiv myosin complex in toxoplasma gondii. | the substrate-dependent movement of apicomplexan parasites such as toxoplasma gondii and plasmodium sp. is driven by the interaction of a type xiv myosin with f-actin. a complex containing the myosin-a heavy chain, a myosin light chain, and the accessory protein gap45 is attached to the membranes of the inner membrane complex (imc) through its tight interaction with the integral membrane glycoprotein gap50. for the interaction of this complex with f-actin to result in net parasite movement, it i ... | 2007 | 17538016 |
| bacteria of the genus asaia stably associate with anopheles stephensi, an asian malarial mosquito vector. | here, we show that an alpha-proteobacterium of the genus asaia is stably associated with larvae and adults of anopheles stephensi, an important mosquito vector of plasmodium vivax, a main malaria agent in asia. asaia bacteria dominate mosquito-associated microbiota, as shown by 16s rrna gene abundance, quantitative pcr, transmission electron microscopy and in situ-hybridization of 16s rrna genes. in adult mosquitoes, asaia sp. is present in high population density in the female gut and in the ma ... | 2007 | 17502606 |
| plasmodium spp. in raptors on the eurasian-african migration route. | examination of blood smears obtained from raptors trapped while on migration at eilat, israel, demonstrated plasmodium infection in accipiter brevipes and buteo buteo. the following species are described, from a. brevipes: plasmodium alloelongatum n. sp., p. accipiteris n. sp. and from b. buteo: p. buteonis n. sp. and plasmodium sp. for which we lack sufficient data for adequate species description. overall prevalence of infection with plasmodium spp. was very low: among 38 examined a. brevipes ... | 2007 | 18225420 |
| structural rnas of known and unknown function identified in malaria parasites by comparative genomics and rna analysis. | as the genomes of more eukaryotic pathogens are sequenced, understanding how molecular differences between parasite and host might be exploited to provide new therapies has become a major focus. central to cell function are rna-containing complexes involved in gene expression, such as the ribosome, the spliceosome, snornas, rnase p, and telomerase, among others. in this article we identify by comparative genomics and validate by rna analysis numerous previously unknown structural rnas encoded by ... | 2007 | 17901154 |
| [hematozoon cenoses of small rodents and insectivora in the orenburg region]. | a total of 2942 specimens of 15 species of ground rodents and insectova in the orenburg region were caught and examined during long-term studies. the investigators detected 7 taxonomic groups of hematozoons: rickettsia (anaplasma sp., grahamella sp., haemobartonella sp.), protozoa (trypanosoma sp., plasmodium sp., piroplasma sp.), and nematodes (filariidae spp., larval stages). the authors give information on the species composition and infection extensiveness of individual systematic groups of ... | 2007 | 17912832 |
| antimalarial drugs inhibiting hemozoin (beta-hematin) formation: a mechanistic update. | digestion of hemoglobin in the food vacuole of the malaria parasite produces very high quantities of redox active toxic free heme. hemozoin (beta-hematin) formation is a unique process adopted by plasmodium sp. to detoxify free heme. hemozoin formation is a validated target for most of the well-known existing antimalarial drugs and considered to be a suitable target to develop new antimalarials. here we discuss the possible mechanisms of free heme detoxification in the malaria parasite and the m ... | 2007 | 17157328 |
| artemisinins for schistosomiasis and beyond. | schistosomiasis is a significant health issue caused by a blood fluke that affects more than 200 million individuals worldwide, over half of whom suffer from disease-associated symptoms. in areas of high burden, disease is mainly managed by controlling morbidity with the use of a single drug, praziquantel. however, the good safety and broad therapeutic profile of praziquantel, and the sharp reduction in price of the drug have stalled the improvement and advancement of other potential control opt ... | 2007 | 17328226 |
| molecular screening of plasmodium sp. asymptomatic carriers among transfusion centers from brazilian amazon region. | the transmission of malaria in brazil is heterogeneous throughout endemic areas and the presence of asymptomatic plasmodium sp. carriers (apcs) in the brazilian amazon has already been demonstrated. malaria screening in blood banks is based on the selection of donors in respect to possible risks associated with travel or residence, clinical evidence and/or inaccurate diagnostic methods thereby increasing the probability of transfusion-transmitted infection. we evaluated the frequency of apcs in ... | 2007 | 17384812 |
| hepatosplenic gammadelta t-cell lymphoma following seven malaria infections. | hepatosplenic gammadelta t-cell lymphoma (hstl) is a clinicopathological entity associated with an immunocompromised status in approximately 25% of patients. herein is described a case of hstl in a 53-year-old brazilian man with seven previous malaria infections, initially misdiagnosed as a hyperreactive splenomegaly due to chronic malaria. a characteristic lymphoid infiltrate was observed in spleen, liver and bone marrow sinusoids/sinuses. neoplastic cells had a cd45ro+, cd2+, cd7+, cd3+, cd5-, ... | 2006 | 17040289 |
| antimalarial activity of crambescidin 800 and synthetic analogues against liver and blood stage of plasmodium sp. | structural features associated with the antimalarial activity of the marine natural product crambescidin 800 were studied using synthetic analogues of the related compound ptilomycalin a. the study suggests that the guanidine moiety is cytotoxic, whereas the spermidine-containing aliphatic chain increases activity. the most active analogue, compound 11, had in vitro activity against plasmodium falciparum strain 3d7 (ic50=490 nm) that was stronger than the in vitro activity against murine l5178y ... | 2006 | 17136890 |
| plasmodium diversity in non-malaria individuals from the bioko island in equatorial guinea (west central-africa). | in this paper we analyse the plasmodium sp. prevalence in three villages with different isolation status on the island of bioko (equatorial guinea) where malaria is a hyper-endemic disease. we also describe the genetic diversity of p. falciparum, using several plasmodia proteins as markers which show a high degree of polymorphism (msp-1 and msp-2). the results obtained from three different populations are compared in order to establish the impact of human movements and interventions. | 2006 | 16784527 |
| detection of a malaria parasite (plasmodium mexicanum) in ectoparasites (mites and ticks), and possible significance for transmission. | two species of sandflies (lutzomyia) are competent vectors of plasmodium mexicanum, a malaria parasite of lizards. the very patchy distribution of sites with high p. mexicanum prevalence in the lizards, and often low or even nil sandfly density at such sites, provoked an evaluation of 2 common lizard ectoparasites, the tick ixodes pacificus and the mite geckobiella occidentalis, as potential passive vectors. plasmodium sp.-specific polymerase chain primers were used to amplify a long segment of ... | 2006 | 16729709 |
| a new challenge for malaria control in brazil: asymptomatic plasmodium infection--a review. | the evolution of malaria in brazil, its morbidity, the malaria control programs, and the new challenges for these programs in the light of the emergence of asymptomatic infection in the amazon region of brazil were reviewed. at least six brazilian research groups have demonstrated that asymptomatic infection by plasmodium is an important impediment to malaria control, among mineral prospectors in mato grosso and riverside communities in rondônia and, in our group, in the middle and upper reaches ... | 2006 | 16862314 |
| some studies on parasites affecting egyptian kite. | a total of 20 egyptian kites (milvus migrans aegypticus) were examined. sixteen (80%) had mallophagous lice; craspedorhynchus spathulatus and 2 of which had in addition colpocephalum heterosoma (10%). the blood protozoa were (7/20, 35%), plasmodium sp. (2/20, 10%) and haemoproteus sp. (5/20, 25%). the enteric protozoa were (4/20, 20%), isospra aegyptia (3/20, 15%) and eimeria maxima (1/20, 5%). | 2006 | 16927863 |
| parasites in a biodiversity hotspot: a survey of hematozoa and a molecular phylogenetic analysis of plasmodium in new guinea skinks. | a sample of 204 skinks (squamata: scincidae) from 10 genera representing 24 species were collected from 10 different localities in new guinea and examined for blood parasites. hemogregarines, trypanosomes, microfilarial worms, and 8 infections showing 2 distinct morphological types of malaria parasites (plasmodium sp.) were observed. molecular sequence data, in the form of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences from the plasmodium infections, showed 2 distinct clades of parasites, 1 in sphenomorph ... | 2006 | 16995395 |
| selection by flow-sorting of genetically transformed, gfp-expressing blood stages of the rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei. | this protocol describes a methodology for the genetic transformation of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei and the subsequent selection of transformed parasites expressing green fluorescent protein (gfp) by flow-sorting. it provides methods for: transfection of the schizont stage with dna constructs that contain gfp as the selectable marker; selection of fluorescent mutants by flow-sorting; and injection of flow-sorted, gfp-expressing parasites into mice and the subsequent collection ... | 2006 | 17406288 |
| identification of the moving junction complex of toxoplasma gondii: a collaboration between distinct secretory organelles. | apicomplexan parasites, including toxoplasma gondii and plasmodium sp., are obligate intracellular protozoa. they enter into a host cell by attaching to and then creating an invagination in the host cell plasma membrane. contact between parasite and host plasma membranes occurs in the form of a ring-shaped moving junction that begins at the anterior end of the parasite and then migrates posteriorly. the resulting invagination of host plasma membrane creates a parasitophorous vacuole that complet ... | 2005 | 16244709 |
| re-examination of inhibitor resistance conferred by qo-site mutations in cytochrome b using yeast as a model system. | cytochrome b from yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae meyer ex hansen) provides a convenient model system for the study of qo-site inhibitor (qoi) resistance mutations from a variety of organisms. qoi resistance mutations from fungal plant pathogens (g143a and f129l), malaria agent plasmodium sp (y279c/s), and pneumocystis carinii (l275f), an opportunistic pathogenic fungus of man, were introduced into yeast cytochrome b and their effect on the binding of a variety of natural (myxothiazol and stigma ... | 2005 | 15912560 |
| [a case with fever of unknown origin during treatment for malaria: multi-drug resistant salmonella typhi infection]. | typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease caused by salmonella serotype typhi, leading to endemic or epidemic outbreaks in tropical/ subtropical countries (especially in india, southeast asia, central and south africa). in this report, a 27 years old male patient with malaria has been presented. the patient was diagnosed to have malaria while working in afghanistan, and received malaria treatment since one month. he admitted to our hospital because of still continuing high fever, and other co ... | 2005 | 15900841 |
| associations between malaria and mhc genes in a migratory songbird. | malaria parasites are a widespread and species-rich group infecting many wild populations of mammals, birds and reptiles. studies on humans have demonstrated that genetic factors play a key role in the susceptibility and outcome of malaria infections. until the present study, it has not been examined whether genetic variation in hosts is important for the outcome of malaria infections in natural avian populations. we investigated associations between major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes ... | 2005 | 16011927 |
| [apoptosis, a protective mechanism for pathogens and their hosts]. | in this review we summarize the great amount of recent information on the apoptosis in aspects of the host-parasite interaction. although apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death which plays a pivotal role in normal tissue development a plethora of pathogens including parasitic protista and helminths are able to modulate host apoptosis pathways to their own advantage. here in we present and discuss new research data and results describing the phenomenon as a process have been controlled by g ... | 2005 | 16913499 |
| identification of regulatory elements in the plasmodium falciparum genome. | there is little information regarding regulatory sequences in the newly sequenced genome of the malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum. thus, for the first time, a bioinformatic strategy was utilized to identify regulatory elements in this genome using the p. falciparum heat shock protein (hsp) gene family as a model system. our analysis indicates that the p. falciparum hsp genes do not contain standard eukaryotic regulatory elements. however, a novel g-rich regulatory element named the g-box w ... | 2004 | 14747145 |
| low sensitivity of nested pcr using plasmodium dna extracted from stained thick blood smears: an epidemiological retrospective study among subjects with low parasitaemia in an endemic area of the brazilian amazon region. | the success of pcr technique depends on many factors, such as high quality dna pellets obtained from blood samples, good reagents and adequate conditions of amplification. taking these limitations into account, a retrospective epidemiological study for malaria diagnosis was conducted in a mesoendemic area in the brazilian amazon. | 2004 | 15056392 |
| plasmodium falciparum resistant to chloroquine and to pyrimethamine in comoros. | we report the outcome of chloroquine treatment and the prevalence of mutations at codon 86 of the pfmdr1 gene, at codon 76 of the pfcrt gene, and at codon 108 of the pfdhfr gene in clinical isolates of plasmodium falciparum collected from 30 children under 10 years of age living in the comoros union. this in vivo study was carried out in february and march 2001 in moroni. chloroquine treatment failed in 23 children (76.6%; 95% confidence interval: 57.7 to 90.1%). subsequent genotyping showed tha ... | 2004 | 15638145 |
| preliminary results of an anticircumsporozoite dna vaccine trial for protection against avian malaria in captive african black-footed penguins (spheniscus demersus). | captive juvenile african black-footed penguins (spheniscus demersus) housed in an outdoor enclosure at the baltimore zoo have an average 50% mortality from avian malarial (plasmodium sp.) infection each year without intense monitoring for disease and chemotherapeutic intervention. during the 1996 malaria transmission season, the safety and efficacy of an anti-circumsporozoite (csp) dna vaccine encoding the plasmodium gallinaceum csp protein against p. relictum were studied. the goal was to reduc ... | 2004 | 15305509 |
| 'fas't inhibition of malaria. | malaria, a tropical disease caused by plasmodium sp., has been haunting mankind for ages. unsuccessful attempts to develop a vaccine, the emergence of resistance against the existing drugs and the increasing mortality rate all call for immediate strategies to treat it. intense attempts are underway to develop potent analogues of the current antimalarials, as well as a search for novel drug targets in the parasite. the indispensability of apicoplast (plastid) to the survival of the parasite has a ... | 2004 | 15315475 |
| clinical pathology and morphometrics of african fish eagles in uganda. | packed cell volumes (pcvs) and plasma chemistry parameters were measured in 15 adult and 18 nestling african fish eagles (haliaeetus vocifer) sampled from june 2002 through january 2003 in uganda. morphologic measurements were obtained from 15 adult eagles. all eagles were examined for blood parasites and sexed by examination of dna from red blood cells. ten adults and eight nestlings were sampled from lake mburo and five adults and 10 nestlings were sampled from lake victoria near entebbe, ugan ... | 2004 | 15465720 |
| the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein is a member of a multigene family and has a homolog in toxoplasma. | coccidian parasites are transmitted via a fecal oocyst stage that is exceptionally resistant to environmental stress and harsh chemical treatments, which allows parasites to stably persist outside a host. because of its oocyst durability cryptosporidium parvum is a significant water- and food-borne pathogen of humans, as well as animals of agricultural importance. to date, only one apicomplexan oocyst membrane protein has been identified, cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein 1 (cowp1). cowp1 has ... | 2004 | 14742544 |
| [usefulness of the "optimal rapid malaria test" for rapid detection of malaria imported to poland]. | in this survey the use of optimal test for rapid diagnosis of malaria was evaluated. it was proved that this test allowed to diagnose the plasmodium sp. antigen in 72% of examined blood specimens, 82% for p. falciparum infection and 69% for p. vivax, whereas p. ovale was not detected at all. the test sensitivity depended on the parasitemia level. it showed a sensitivity of 100% for parasitemia density exceeded 1%, 95.4% with the parasitemia ranging from 0.1-0.99%. for lower parasite density, the ... | 2004 | 16862709 |
| expansion of the receptor-like kinase/pelle gene family and receptor-like proteins in arabidopsis. | receptor-like kinases (rlks) are a family of transmembrane proteins with versatile n-terminal extracellular domains and c-terminal intracellular kinases. they control a wide range of physiological responses in plants and belong to one of the largest gene families in the arabidopsis genome with more than 600 members. interestingly, this gene family constitutes 60% of all kinases in arabidopsis and accounts for nearly all transmembrane kinases in arabidopsis. analysis of four fungal, six metazoan, ... | 2003 | 12805585 |
| clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and clodinafop-propargyl as potent growth inhibitors of equine babesia parasites during in vitro culture. | the antifungal agents clotrimazole (clt) and ketoconazole (kc) and the herbicide clodinafop-propargyl (cp) inhibit growth of plasmodium sp., toxoplasma sp., and trypanosoma sp. in the present study, we evaluated these drugs against the in vitro growth of the equine protozoan parasites babesia equi and b. caballi. clotrimazole (ic50: 2 and 17 microm), kc (ic50: 6 and 22 microm), and cp (ic50: 450 and 354 microm) were effective growth inhibitors. interestingly, intraerythrocytic kc-treated babesia ... | 2003 | 12880264 |
| lyophilisation and resuscitation of sporozoites of theileria parva: preliminary experiments. | lyophilisation of theileria parva sporozoite stabilates used for immunisation of cattle against east coast fever would greatly improve vaccine storage and delivery. we report three attempts to lyophilise and resuscitate the sporozoites of t. parva. sporozoites survived lyophilisation and were effective for immunisation. lyophilised stabilate survived for 2 weeks at 5 degrees c and for 12 weeks at -20 degrees c. although the viability of the stabilates was severely reduced during lyophilisation, ... | 2003 | 14615148 |
| [characteristics of the immune response in protozoan infections]. | introduction: when protozoa enter the blood stream or tissues they can often survive and replicate because they adapt to the resisting natural host defenses. the interaction of immune system with infectious organisms is a dynamic interplay of host mechanisms aimed at eliminating infections and microbial strategies designed to permit survival in the face of powerful effector mechanisms. protozoa cause chronic and persistent infections, because natural immunity against them is weak and because pro ... | 2003 | 15080050 |
| importance of cd8 t cell-mediated immune response during intracellular parasitic infections and its implications for the development of effective vaccines. | obligatory intracellular parasites such as plasmodium sp, trypanosoma cruzi, toxoplasma gondii and leishmania sp are responsible for the infection of hundreds of millions of individuals every year. these parasites can deliver antigens to the host cell cytoplasm that are presented through mhc class i molecules to protective cd8 t cells. the in vivo priming conditions of specific cd8 t cells during natural infection are largely unknown and remain as an area that has been poorly explored. the antip ... | 2003 | 14605680 |
| mosquito mortality and the evolution of malaria virulence. | several laboratory studies of malaria parasites (plasmodium sp.) and some field observations suggest that parasite virulence, defined as the harm a parasite causes to its vertebrate host, is positively correlated with transmission. given this advantage, what limits the continual evolution of higher parasite virulence? one possibility is that while more virulent strains are more infectious, they are also more lethal to mosquitoes. in this study, we tested whether the virulence of the rodent malar ... | 2003 | 14761058 |
| taxonomic status and re-description of plasmodium relictum (grassi et feletti, 1891), plasmodium maior raffaele, 1931, and description of p. bigueti n. sp. in sparrows. | the first accurate re-description of plasmodium relictum (grassi et feletti, 1891) in its type host was provided by raffaele in 1931, and the name relictum should thus refer to this work. in his article, raffaele noted the presence of an associated but distinct species, p. maior. the work of raffaele has since remained overlooked, and the taxon relictum has been applied rather loosely to parasites found in numerous birds of diverse geographic origin. examination of passer domesticus specimens co ... | 2003 | 15267099 |
| [malaria in poland in 2001]. | in 2001, 27 malaria cases were registered in poland. all of them were imported, mainly from africa (18 cases). plasmodium vivax infection was confirmed in eleven cases, p. falciparum--in ten, p. falciparum/p. vivax--in four, p. malariae--in one and plasmodium sp.--in one. among 27 malaria cases 17 were men and 16 in 20-49 years old group. twelve persons travelled abroad as tourists, five--as missionaries, three--in the connection with their job. in 2001 malaria deaths were not notified. | 2003 | 12926326 |
| [malaria control in the post-genomic era]. | with the publication of seminal articles on the genomic sequence of plasmodium falciparum and p. yoelii yoelii last autumn following the articles on genome of anopheles gambiae, man, and mice, malariology stepped indubitably into a new era. a major finding of genome annotation is that nearly 60% of plasmodium sp. have no functional attribution and that a high proportion of p. falciparum sequences have no counterpart in p. yoelii. in the light of these findings it will now be possible to explore ... | 2003 | 14579459 |
| temporal and spatial variation of hematozoans in scandinavian willow warblers. | we examined temporal and geographical distribution of haemoproteus sp. and plasmodium sp. parasites in swedish willow warblers, phylloscopus trochilus. parasite lineages were detected with molecular methods in 556 birds from 41 sites distributed at distances up to 1,500 km. two mitochondrial lineages of haemoproteus sp. were detected, ww1 in 56 birds and ww2 in 75 birds, that differed by 5.2% sequence divergence. we discuss the reasons behind the observed pattern of variation and identify 3 poss ... | 2003 | 12760661 |
| a type ii pathway for fatty acid biosynthesis presents drug targets in plasmodium falciparum. | it has long been held that the malaria parasite, plasmodium sp., is incapable of de novo fatty acid synthesis. this view has recently been overturned with the emergence of data for the presence of a fatty acid biosynthetic pathway in the relict plastid of p. falciparum (known as the apicoplast). this pathway represents the type ii pathway common to plant chloroplasts and bacteria but distinct from the type i pathway of animals including humans. specific inhibitors of the type ii pathway, thiolac ... | 2003 | 12499205 |
| the hospital- and field-based performances of the optimal test, for malaria diagnosis and treatment monitoring in central india. | the performance of the optimal test, to detect and differentiate plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax, was evaluated in central india. the subjects were either symptomatic patients, who presented at a referral hospital in urban jabalpur, or the inhabitants of remote, tribal, forested villages where malaria is a major public-health problem. in each setting, the results of conventional microscopy were used as the 'gold standard'. under hospital conditions, the test had excellent sensitivity (100%), ... | 2003 | 12662417 |
| [national network study to perpetuate the surveillance of plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to antimalarials in madagascar]. | to redefine strategy and policy to cure or to prevent malaria, there is a need to get relevant and updated data on plasmodium sp sensitivity level to antimalarial drugs. thus, in september 1999, the madagascan ministry of health and the institut pasteur de madagascar (ipm) formed a network named rer for malaria resistance surveillance. to alleviate the lack of experienced medical teams within the health centres, and due to technical and logistic matters, as part of the network activities, it was ... | 2002 | 12643098 |
| munumbicins, wide-spectrum antibiotics produced by streptomyces nrrl 30562, endophytic on kennedia nigriscans. | munumbicins a, b, c and d are newly described antibiotics with a wide spectrum of activity against many human as well as plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria, and a plasmodium sp. these compounds were obtained from streptomyces nrrl 3052, which is endophytic in the medicinal plant snakevine (kennedia nigriscans), native to the northern territory of australia. this endophyte was cultured, the broth was extracted with an organic solvent and the contents of the residue were purified by bioassay-guid ... | 2002 | 12213914 |
| performance of optimal(r) in the diagnosis of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum infections in a malaria referral center in colombia. | alternative, non-microscopic methods for the diagnosis of malaria have recently become available. among these, rapid dipstick methods stand out. one such test, optimal(r), is based on the immunochromatographic detection of plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pldh) and has the capacity to detect and distinguish infections caused by p. falciparum and plasmodium sp. this capacity is particularly important in countries where different species of plasmodium co-exist. in this study we evaluated the perf ... | 2002 | 12219143 |
| structure and chemistry of apicidins, a class of novel cyclic tetrapeptides without a terminal alpha-keto epoxide as inhibitors of histone deacetylase with potent antiprotozoal activities. | apicidins are a class of cyclic tetrapeptides that do not contain the classical electrophilic alpha-keto epoxide yet are potent (nm) inhibitors of histone deacetylase and antiprotozoal agents. these compounds showed broad-spectrum activities against the apicomplexan family of protozoa including plasmodium sp (malarial parasite), toxoplasma gondii, cryptosporidium sp., and eimeria sp. these cyclic peptides contain a beta-turn amino acid (r)-pip or (r)-pro, (s)-n-methoxy trp, (s)-ile, or (s)-val, ... | 2002 | 11856024 |
| pharmacological inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases. | cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) regulate the cell division cycle, apoptosis, transcription and differentiation in addition to functions in the nervous system. deregulation of cdks in various diseases has stimulated an intensive search for selective pharmacological inhibitors of these kinases. more than 50 inhibitors have been identified, among which >20 have been co-crystallized with cdk2. these inhibitors all target the atp-binding pocket of the catalytic site of the kinase. the actual selectiv ... | 2002 | 12237154 |
| daughter cell assembly in the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii. | the phylum apicomplexa includes thousands of species of obligate intracellular parasites, many of which are significant human and/or animal pathogens. parasites in this phylum replicate by assembling daughters within the mother, using a cytoskeletal and membranous scaffolding termed the inner membrane complex. most apicomplexan parasites, including plasmodium sp. (which cause malaria), package many daughters within a single mother during mitosis, whereas toxoplasma gondii typically packages only ... | 2002 | 11854415 |
| a plastid segregation defect in the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii. | apicomplexan parasites--including the causative agents of malaria (plasmodium sp.) and toxoplasmosis (toxoplasma gondii)--harbor a secondary endosymbiotic plastid, acquired by lateral genetic transfer from a eukaryotic alga. the apicoplast has attracted considerable attention, both as an evolutionary novelty and as a potential target for chemotherapy. we report a recombinant fusion (between a nuclear-encoded apicoplast protein, the green fluorescent protein and a rhoptry protein) that targets to ... | 2001 | 11157740 |
| antibody recognition of rodent malaria parasite antigens exposed at the infected erythrocyte surface: specificity of immunity generated in hyperimmune mice. | in regions where malaria is endemic, inhabitants remain susceptible to repeated reinfection as they develop and maintain clinical immunity. this immunity includes responses to surface-exposed antigens on plasmodium sp.-infected erythrocytes. some of these parasite-encoded antigens may be diverse and phenotypically variable, and the ability to respond to this diversity and variability is an important component of acquired immunity. characterizing the relative specificities of antibody responses d ... | 2001 | 11254617 |
| analysis of polymorphic region of gam-1 gene in plasmodium vivax korean isolates. | the identification, characterization and quantification of plasmodium sp. genetic polymorphism are becoming increasingly important in the vaccine development. we investigated polymorphism of plasmodium vivax gam-1 (pvgam-1) gene in 30 korean isolates. the polymorphic region of the pvgam-1 gene, corresponding to nt 3792-4029, was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by sequencing. all of the p. vivax korean isolates were one type of gam-1 gene, which were identical to that of ... | 2001 | 11775332 |
| targeting and processing of nuclear-encoded apicoplast proteins in plastid segregation mutants of toxoplasma gondii. | the apicoplast is a distinctive organelle associated with apicomplexan parasites, including plasmodium sp. (which cause malaria) and toxoplasma gondii (the causative agent of toxoplasmosis). this unusual structure (acquired by the engulfment of an ancestral alga and retention of the algal plastid) is essential for long-term parasite survival. similar to other endosymbiotic organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts), the apicoplast contains proteins that are encoded in the nucleus and post-translati ... | 2001 | 11319231 |
| shotgun dna microarrays and stage-specific gene expression in plasmodium falciparum malaria. | malaria infects over 200 million individuals and kills 2 million young children every year. understanding the biology of malarial parasites will be facilitated by dna microarray technology, which can track global changes in gene expression under different physiological conditions. however, genomes of plasmodium sp. (and many other important pathogenic organisms) remain to be fully sequenced so, currently, it is not possible to construct gene-specific microarrays representing complete malarial ge ... | 2000 | 10632873 |
| phosphatidylcholine formation is the predominant lipid biosynthetic event in the hemoparasite babesia bovis. | this work examines the lipid composition and metabolism of bovine red blood cells infected by apicomplexan babesia parasites, organisms closely related to plasmodium sp. we found that erythrocytes infected with babesia bovis (i-rbc) accumulate lipids and show striking increases in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol and cholesteryl esters as compared to uninfected erythrocytes cultured under the same conditions (n-rbc). a similar pattern was observed in cultures of erythrocyte ... | 2000 | 10743618 |
| plasmodium sp.: optimal protocols for pcr detection of low parasite numbers from mosquito (anopheles sp.) samples. | 2000 | 10831396 | |
| a survey of hemoparasite infections in free-ranging mammals and reptiles in french guiana. | blood smears of 1,353 free-ranging mammals (35 species) and 112 reptiles (31 species) from french guiana were examined for hemoparasites. parasites from 3 major groups were recorded: apicomplexa (including hemogregarines, piroplasms, and plasmodium spp.), trypanosomatidae, and filaroidea. fifty percent of the individuals (86% of the species) were infected by parasites from at least 1 group. hemogregarines, identified as hepatozoon sp., infected numerous snakes with high prevalences (30-100%); in ... | 2000 | 11128476 |
| genetic vaccination against malaria infection by intradermal and epidermal injections of a plasmid containing the gene encoding the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein. | the circumsporozoite protein (csp) from the surface of sporozoite stage plasmodium sp. malaria parasites is among the most important of the malaria vaccine candidates. gene gun injection of genetic vaccines encoding plasmodium berghei csp induces a significant protective effect against sporozoite challenge; however, intramuscular injection does not. in the present study we compared the immune responses and protective effects induced by p. berghei csp genetic vaccines delivered intradermally with ... | 2000 | 10992502 |
| serological expression cloning of novel immunoreactive antigens of babesia microti. | increased recognition of the prevalence of human babesiosis in the united states, together with rising concern about the potential for transmission of this infection by blood transfusion, has provided motivation to develop definitive serologic and molecular tests for the causative agent, babesia microti. to develop more sensitive and specific assays for b. microti, we screened a genomic expression library with patient serum pools. this screening resulted in the identification of three classes of ... | 2000 | 10768973 |
| song as an indicator of parasitism in the sedge warbler. | we studied female choice and reproductive success in a marked population of sedge warblers acrocephalus schoenobaenus, from 1995 to 1996. three genera of parasitic blood protozoans, namely haemoproteus sp. trypanosoma sp. plasmodium sp., were identified from blood samples taken from all breeding adults. relatively high prevalence values of 19.5% in 1995 and 37.5% in 1996 were associated with increased levels of white blood cells relative to the number of red blood cells. compared with nonparasit ... | 1999 | 10049469 |
| mosquito-plasmodium interactions in response to immune activation of the vector. | during the development of plasmodium sp. within the mosquito midgut, the parasite undergoes a series of developmental changes. the elongated ookinete migrates through the layers of the midgut where it forms the oocyst under the basal lamina. we demonstrate here that if aedes aegypti or anopheles gambiae, normally susceptible to plasmodium gallinaceum and p. berghei, respectively, are immune activated by the injection of bacteria into the hemocoel, and subsequently are fed on an infectious bloodm ... | 1999 | 9920043 |
| population structure and genetic divergence in anopheles nuneztovari (diptera: culicidae) from brazil and colombia. | anopheles nuneztovari is considered an important vector of human malaria in several localities in venezuela and colombia. its status as a vector of human malaria is still unresolved in areas of the brazilian amazon, in spite of have been found infected with plasmodium sp.. for a better understanding of the genetic differentiation of populations of a. nuneztovari, electrophoretic analysis using 11 enzymes was performed on four populations from brazil and two from colombia. the results showed a st ... | 1999 | 10403335 |
| [risk of transmission of infectious diseases by transfusion]. | in obstetric patients transfusion is a common procedure, it has many advantages but it also has severe risks. since the observation that human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is transmitted by transfusion, the number of preventive measures to reduce the infectious diseases transmission by this procedure has increased. the microorganisms that can be transmitted through transfusion include: human t lymphotropic virus (htlv) i and ii, hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, hepatitis d virus, ... | 1998 | 9737068 |