Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| interferon-alpha genes from bos and bubalus bubalus. | interferon-a genes were cloned from six breeds of three species of two genera (three chinese native cattle breeds of yellow cattle, wild yak and huanhu domestic yak, one european breed of holstein cow, and two water buffalo breeds of fuan water buffalo and fuzhong water buffalo) by direct pcr. the pcr products were directly inserted into the expression vector to be sequenced and expressed. sequence analysis showed that ifn-a genes of six clones were composed of 498 nucleotides, encoding a mature ... | 2006 | 16621760 |
| molecular cloning and expression of yak (bos grunniens) lactoferrin cdna in pichia pastoris. | cdna encoding lactoferrin from yak was isolated by rt-pcr and then sequenced. the cloned cdna (2127 bp) encodes a 709 amino acid precursor molecule of yak lactoferrin with a signal peptide of 19 amino acids. the yak lactoferrin cdna was expressed in pichia pastoris. the recombinant protein, purified by ni-nta affinity column, had a molecular weight of 76 kda and reacted with an antibody raised against native bovine lactoferrin. the iron-binding behavior and antimicrobial activity of the purified ... | 2006 | 16810449 |
| polymorphism of the growth hormone gene of red deer (cervus elaphus). | in mammals, pituitary growth hormone (gh) is usually encoded by a single gene, but in some caprine ruminants there are two gh genes, and higher primates have a cluster of at least 5 gh-like genes. we have previously shown that in several artiodactyls (chevrotain, giraffe, and hippopotamus) there are two gh gene sequences, differing by 5-21 nucleotides (nt), but whether these arise from two distinct gene loci is unclear. we report here that in the red deer (cervus elaphus) also there are two main ... | 2006 | 16356499 |
| origin of mitochondrial dna diversity of domestic yaks. | the domestication of plants and animals was extremely important anthropologically. previous studies have revealed a general tendency for populations of livestock species to include deeply divergent maternal lineages, indicating that they were domesticated in multiple, independent events from genetically discrete wild populations. however, in water buffalo, there are suggestions that a similar deep maternal bifurcation may have originated from a single population. these hypotheses have rarely bee ... | 2006 | 16995938 |
| copper deficiency in yaks on pasture in western china. | the clinical signs of a disorder in yaks (bos grunniens), known locally as "swayback ailment," in the qing hai-tibetan plateau are described. the purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility that swayback ailment is iron (fe)-induced copper (cu) deficiency. the mean concentrations of cu in soil and forage from affected areas and unaffected areas are similar and within the normal ranges. the mean concentrations of cu in blood and hair from the affected yaks was significantly lower (p < ... | 2006 | 17017658 |
| heat shock response and mammal adaptation to high elevation (hypoxia). | the mammal's high elevation (hypoxia) adaptation was studied by using the immunological and the molecular biological methods to understand the significance of hsp (hypoxia) adaptation in the organic high elevation, through the mammal heat shock response. (1) from high elevation to low elevation (natural hypoxia): western blot and conventional rt-pcr and real-time fluorescence quota pcr were adopted. expression difference of heat shock protein of 70 (hsp70) and natural expression of brain tissue ... | 2006 | 17172058 |
| studies of a naturally occurring molybdenum-induced copper deficiency in the yak. | the clinical signs of a disorder known locally as "shakeback disease" in yaks in the north of the qing hai-tibetan plateau of china were defined: they included emaciation, unsteady gait, a 'shivering' back and deprived appetites. coat colour was not affected. the mineral composition of soil and forages, and samples of blood and hair from yaks in affected ranches in this region were compared with those of 20 samples from unaffected areas. the mean concentration of molybdenum (mo) in soil and fora ... | 2006 | 16490720 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha cdna cloning and its mrna and protein tissue specific expression in domestic yak (bos grunniens) from qinghai-tibetan plateau. | adaptation to hypoxia is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (hif-1), a heterodimeric transcription factor consisting of an oxygen-regulated alpha-subunit and a constitutively expressed beta-subunit. how animals living on qinghai-tibetan plateau adapt to the extreme hypoxia environment is known indistinctly. in this study, the qinghai yak, which has been living at 3000-5000 m altitude for at least two millions of years, was selected as the model of high hypoxia-tolerant adaptation species. t ... | 2006 | 16876112 |
| calves born from anestrus yaks (poephagus grunniens l.) subjected to ovsynch and superovulation treatment. | an attempt was made to induce estrus and ovulation in eight anestrus yaks by use of the ovsynch protocol. six out of eight yaks were successfully induced into estrus, and ovulation occurred in all the responding yaks 1-2 days after the second gnrh administration. out of the six animals that responded to the treatment, two mated naturally with yak bulls, and calves were obtained from them. the other four animals were further administered a superovulatory regimen of folltropin (fsh-p). following f ... | 2006 | 16971791 |
| induction of estrus in suckled female yaks (bos grunniens) and synchronization of ovulation in the non-sucklers for timed artificial insemination using progesterone treatments and co-synch regimens. | the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the induction of estrus and fertility in yak cows treated with co-synch regimens or progesterone (p(4)). in experiment 1, postpartum suckled yaks were assigned to three treatments: (1) a (n=28), insertion of an intravaginal device containing p(4) (cidr) on day 0, pgf(2alpha) (i.m.) on day 6 and pmsg (i.m.) at the time of cidr removal on day 7 (p(4)-pgf(2alpha)-pmsg); (2) b (n=21), pgf(2alpha) (i.m.) on day 6 and pmsg on day 7; (3) c (n=26), co ... | 2006 | 16011882 |
| application of sensitive enzymeimmunoassays for oxytocin and prolactin determination in blood plasma of yaks (poephagus grunniens l.) during milk let down and cyclicity. | highly sensitive and specific enzymeimmunoassays for oxytocin and prolactin determination in yak plasma using the biotin-streptavidin amplification system and the second antibody coating technique were validated and applied for determining their profiles during milk let down and cyclicity in yaks. oxytocin eia was conducted taking duplicate 200 microl of unknown plasma samples and standards per well. the lowest detection limit was 0.2 pg/well, which corresponded to 1pg/ml plasma. prolactin eia w ... | 2006 | 16045973 |
| is the yak (poephagus grunniens l.) really a seasonal breeder? | yaks are considered to be seasonally polyestrous and breeding occurs from july to november. here we show that some yaks in peak non-breeding season do exhibit cyclic luteal activity without exhibiting any behavioral signs around expected estrus. a total of eight non-lactating yaks were selected from the yak farm belonging to national research centre on yak for various sets of experiments. the animals were maintained as per semi range system of management. they were allowed to graze during daytim ... | 2006 | 16084578 |
| genetic diversity and differentiation of mongolian and russian yak populations. | in this study we examined the genetic diversity of yak populations in the northernmost part of their current global distribution. five mongolian and one russian yak populations as well as one chinese yak population from the qinghai-tibetan plateau, the putative centre of yak domestication, were analysed with 15 microsatellite loci to determine the level of genetic variation within populations as well as the genetic differentiation and relationship between populations. a total of 116 microsatelli ... | 2005 | 16130478 |
| a mitochondrial genome sequence of the tibetan antelope (pantholops hodgsonii). | to investigate genetic mechanisms of high altitude adaptations of native mammals on the tibetan plateau, we compared mitochondrial sequences of the endangered pantholops hodgsonii with its lowland distant relatives ovis aries and capra hircus, as well as other mammals. the complete mitochondrial genome of p. hodgsonii (16,498 bp) revealed a similar gene order as of other mammals. because of tandem duplications, the control region of p. hodgsonii mitochondrial genome is shorter than those of o. a ... | 2005 | 16144518 |
| circadian variations in plasma concentrations of melatonin and prolactin during breeding and non-breeding seasons in yak (poephagus grunniens l.). | circadian variations of plasma melatonin and prolactin concentrations were determined during breeding as well as non-breeding seasons in yak. blood samples (5 ml) were collected during different phases of estrous cycle, viz. early (0-6 days), mid (7-12 days) and late luteal (13-19 days) at 2 h interval for 24 h from eight yaks during one breeding month (november); the same yaks were bled at 2 h interval during one non-breeding month (february) for 24 h. plasma melatonin concentrations rose sharp ... | 2005 | 16257604 |
| [study on mitochondrial dna genetic polymorphism of some yak breeds in china]. | this study determined yak's complete sequence of mitochondrial dna control region (d-loop) of 35 individuals in 5 yak breeds at the first time. the result showed that the length of d-loop in yak was 891 -895 bp. content of nucleotide t, c, a, g were 28.5%, 25.3%, 32.5% and 13.7% respectively. there were 55 polymorphic sites (6.16% in total analyzed sites). the transition,transversion and insertion/deletion were found in this region.24 haplotypes was defined in this study, in which haplotype h4 a ... | 2005 | 16018255 |
| timing of ovulation in relation to onset of estrus and lh peak in yak (poephagus grunniens l.). | the objective of the study was to determine the timing of ovulation in relation to onset of estrus and the preovulatory lh peak in yaks. for this purpose, a sensitive lh enzymeimmunoassay previously established in buffaloes was successfully validated for measuring the hormone in yak plasma. plasma lh and progesterone were estimated from blood samples collected from eight non-lactating cycling yaks at 2 h intervals after estrus onset until 6 h after ovulation (ovulation was confirmed by palpation ... | 2005 | 15766812 |
| nitric oxide inhibitor altitude-dependently elevates pulmonary arterial pressure in high-altitude adapted yaks. | we studied the effect of n(w)-nitro-l-arginine (nla) on yak pulmonary vascular tone in a climatic (hypobaric/hyperbaric adjusted) chamber. five young male yaks that had been born and reared at an altitude greater than 3800 m a.s.l. were used. after measuring control values, 20 mg/kg of nla was administered via the jugular vein to each animal, and pulmonary hemodynamics and blood gases were repeatedly measured at simulated altitudes of 0, 2260 and 4500 m. the mean pao2 decreased in an altitude-de ... | 2005 | 15766910 |
| prokaryote diversity in the rumen of yak (bos grunniens) and jinnan cattle (bos taurus) estimated by 16s rdna homology analyses. | prokaryote diversity in the rumen of yak (bos grunniens) and jinnan cattle (bos taurus) was estimated by 16s rdna homology analysis. two rumen 16s rdna libraries were constructed. of the 194 clones in the library of yak rumen, the sequences were mainly clustered to two phyla, low g+c gram-positive bacteria (lgcgpb, 54.12% total clones) and bacteroidetes (30.93%), respectively. while in the 197 clone-library of the cattle rumen, the sequences were mainly related to three phyla, bacteroidetes (39. ... | 2005 | 16701570 |
| iminosugar-producing thai medicinal plants. | alpha-1-c-hydroxymethylfagomine (7), 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-dmdp (12), and 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-glucitol (13) were isolated from the thai traditional crude drug "non tai yak" (stemona tuberosa), which also contains a high concentration level of alpha-homonojirimycin (0.1% dry weight). "thopthaep" (connarus ferrugineus) and "cha em thai" (albizia myriophylla) contained 1-deoxymannojirimycin (dmj) (10) at levels of 0.083% (dry weight) and 0.17% (dry weight), respectively. 2-o-alpha-d-galacto ... | 2005 | 16124768 |
| short report: inadequacy of yaks as hosts for the sheep dog strain of echinococcus granulosus or for e. multilocularis. | hydatid disease (echinococcosis) has a two-host cycle involving the domestic dog and grazing animals. humans are also infected by the dog. both unilocular (echinococcus granulosus in yaks, sheep, and goats) and multilocular (alveolar) (e. multilocularis in hares and rodents) hydatids are common in western sichuan in the people's republic of china. humans and dogs are equally infected with both species. many yaks (bos grunniens) were found with multilocular cysts that visually were deemed to be e ... | 2005 | 15772323 |
| peripheral plasma progesterone: a marker for determining cyclicity in yaks (poephagus grunniens l.). | an attempt was made to determine cyclicity in yaks using plasma progesterone during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. fifteen non-lactating yaks were used in this experiment. during the breeding season (july to november), blood samples were collected from 8 yaks at least twice weekly until estrus was observed and then at 2 days interval for 30 days. during the non-breeding season (february to march), blood samples were collected from the same number of yaks at 2-day interval for 30 days. pr ... | 2005 | 16286728 |
| application of bovine microsatellite markers for genetic diversity analysis of swiss yak (poephagus grunniens). | in order to assess the applicability of bovine microsatellite markers for population genetic studies in swiss yak, 131 bovine microsatellite markers were tested on a panel of 10 animals. efficient amplification was observed for 124 markers (94.6%) with a total of 476 alleles, of which 117 markers (94.3%) were polymorphic. the number of alleles per locus among the polymorphic markers ranged from two to nine. seven loci (ilsts005, bms424b, bms1825, bms672, bm1314, eth123 and bm6017) failed to ampl ... | 2005 | 16293121 |
| seasonal changes in weight and body composition of yak grazing on alpine-meadow grassland in the qinghai-tibetan plateau of china. | forty-five male yaks (born april 2001) were studied to determine how seasonal changes on the qinghai-tibetan plateau affected bw and body composition. thirty yaks were weighed monthly from birth to 26 mo of age to determine seasonal changes in bw. the remaining 15 yaks were allocated randomly to five groups (three yaks per group), designated for slaughter at 13, 15, 18, 22, and 25 mo to measure seasonal effects on body chemical composition. all yaks were grazed on the alpine-meadow grassland of ... | 2005 | 16024711 |
| development of interspecies cloned embryos in yak and dog. | interspecies nuclear transfer (nt) could be an alternative to replicate animals when supply of recipient oocytes is limited or in vitro embryo production systems are incomplete. in the present study, embryonic development was assessed following interspecies nt of donor cumulus cells derived from yak and dog into the recipient ooplasm of domestic cow. the percentages of fusion and subsequent embryo development to the eight-cell stage of interspecies nt embryos were comparable to those of intraspe ... | 2005 | 15971981 |
| immunohistochemical identification of amyloid, using an anti-human serum amyloid p component (sap) antibody, is possible in ruminants but not in dogs and cats. | amyloidosis represents a heterogenous group of diseases that have in common the deposition of fibrils composed of proteins of beta-pleated sheet structure, a structure which can be specifically identified by histochemistry using the congo red or similar stains. amyloid consists primarily of the amyloid fibrils but also of the amyloid p component (ap). this component, which is identical with the serum counterpart (sap), is found in all types of human amyloid, and immunohistochemical identificatio ... | 2005 | 16268955 |
| scanning electron microscopic study of third-instar warbles in yak in china. | scanning electron microscopic observations were performed to compare the structures of third-instar of three species of warbles (hypoderma bovis, h. lineatum and h. sinense) that infest yak in china. the heads of the warbles consisted of mouths and opercular sutures with spinal bands between them. we could not detect any morphological differences in the shape of the warble's heads among these three species. the spiracular plate of h. bovis was strongly concaved and had numerous spines at the spi ... | 2004 | 15110414 |
| phylogenetic analysis of theileria species transmitted by haemaphysalis qinghaiensis. | the phylogenetic relationships between six isolates of theileria spp. infective to small ruminants, and two isolates of theileria spp. infective to yak, all transmitted by haemaphysalis qinghaiensis, together with the theileria orientalis/sergenti/buffeli group and t. sinensis, were analyzed using the 18s ssrrna gene sequence. the target dna segment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the pcr product was used either for direct sequencing or was ligated to the pcr ii vector for sequ ... | 2004 | 14598167 |
| migration of warble fly larvae in the yak and optimum timing of ivermectin treatment. | sixty yaks were autopsied to determine the migration pattern of warble fly larvae. in august, first instars were observed in the body of yak for the first time. these larvae peaked in number in october. from november to february, second instars were detected and their number peaked in january. third instars appeared in january and peaked in march. forty-five yaks were administered with ivermectin: 15 animals in september, 15 in october and 15 in november. between december and june, the number of ... | 2004 | 15297767 |
| a third species of hypoderma (diptera: oestridae) affecting cattle and yaks in china: molecular and morphological evidence. | cattle and yak hypodermosis in china is caused by hypoderma bovis and h. lineatum, with a prevalence reaching up to 98-100% of the animals and maximum intensities exceeding 400 warbles for each animal. a third species, h. sinense, is also considered by chinese researchers to affect livestock. the molecular characterization of the most variable region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i gene and of the ribosomal 28s gene has been performed for the third-stage larvae collected from cattle an ... | 2004 | 15562593 |
| pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in zebu gobra (bos indicus). | plasma disposition kinetics of ivermectin was evaluated in a west african cattle breed. five clinically healthy zebu gobra cattle (bos indicus) weighing 220-270 kg were treated (0.2 mg kg-1) with a commercially available ivermectin formulation for cattle. blood samples were collected by jugular puncture at different times between 0.5 h and 40 days post-treatment. after plasma extraction and derivatization, samples were analysed by hplc with fluorescence detection. ivermectin was detected in plas ... | 2004 | 15725548 |
| [construction and identification on enriched microsatellite library from yak genome]. | we constructed the first microsatellite-enriched library of yak according to the strong affinity between biotin and streptavidin. the method included ligation of 300 approximately 1 000 bp enzyme-digested fragments and adaptors, affinity capture of microsatellite repeat using biotinylated oligoprobe ((ca)12, (ccg) 8, (cag)8, (tttc) 8) attached to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads, pcr amplification using the 21-mer adaptor oligonucleotide as primer to obtain double-stranded targeted fragments, ... | 2004 | 15478610 |
| synchronization of ovulation in yaks (poephagus grunniens l.) using pgf(2alpha) and gnrh. | the objective of this study was to test the efficacy of estrus synchronization in yaks using the ovsynch protocol. to eight non-lactating cycling yaks were administered gnrh analogue followed by pgf(2alpha) analogue treatment 7 days later and further injected with a second injection of same gnrh analogue 2 days after the pgf(2alpha) analogue administration. ovulation was detected by rectal palpation at 2 h intervals from the initial signs of estrus till ovulation. for lh and progesterone the blo ... | 2004 | 15910929 |
| maternal and paternal lineages in cross-breeding bovine species. has wisent a hybrid origin? | the tribe bovini comprises cattle and cattle-like species. reconstructions of their phylogeny have so far been incomplete and have yielded conflicting conclusions about the relationship of american bison and wisent (european bison). we have compared the sequences of three mitochondrial and two y-chromosomal dna segments. mitochondrial dna indicates that four distinct maternal lineages diverged after an early split-off of the buffalo species, leading to (1) taurine cattle and zebu, (2) wisent, (3 ... | 2004 | 14739241 |
| milk trait heritability and correlation with heterozygosity in yak. | 382 yak cows were examined for milk yield, fat, protein and lactose contents. six polymorphic loci, alphas1-cn, kappa-cn, beta-cn, beta-lg, alpha-la and muc-1, were scored by page electrophoresis for each individual. the values of milk yield, fat, protein and lactose content were 247.13 kg, 5.81%, 5.18% and 4.93%, respectively. based on the 6 polymorphism loci, the average heterozygosity of the yak population was 0.1794. calculated by the marker-based method, heritability estimates for milk yiel ... | 2004 | 15131352 |
| absolute configuration of a hydroxyfuranoid acid from the pelage of the genus bos, 18-(6s,9r,10r)-bovidic acid. | pelage extracts of the banteng (bos javanicus), the domestic cattle (b. taurus), the gaur (b. frontalis), and the yak (b. grunniens) were investigated by fabms and nmr. an 18-carbon hydroxyfuranoid acid, 1 (10-hydroxy-6,9-oxidooctadecanoic acid), first reported from the wool of the domestic sheep (ovis aries) was confirmed in b. frontalis; we suspend judgment on the occurrence of this compound in the other species we examined. the stereochemistry of 1, determined by mosher nmr and cd tweezer met ... | 2004 | 15332870 |
| molecular phylogeny of the tribe bovini (bovidae, bovinae) and the taxonomic status of the kouprey, bos sauveli urbain 1937. | the kouprey is a very rare bovid species of the indochinese peninsula, and no living specimen has been described for a long time, suggesting that it is possibly extinct. its systematic position within the tribe bovini remains confused since the analyses of morphological characters have led to several conflicting hypotheses. some authors have also suggested that it could be a hybrid species produced by the crossing of the banteng with gaur, zebu, or water buffalo. here we performed a molecular ph ... | 2004 | 15522811 |
| sequence analysis of mitochondrial 12s rrna gene can identify meat species. | in this study, sequence analysis of mitochondrial 12s rrna has been applied for meat species identification. the procedure involves polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of a fragment of mitochondrial (mt) 12s rrna gene and sequencing of amplicons. amplified product of mt 12s rrna gene was 456 bp in size. species sequenced include cattle (bos indicus), buffalo (bubalus bubalis), sheep (ovis aries), goat (capra hircus) and mithun (bos frontalis). sequences were compared with the reported ... | 2004 | 22060864 |
| detection of water buffalo sex chromosomes in spermatozoa by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | in order to identify x- and y-bearing spermatozoa in water buffalo by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish), some available probes of closely related species were examined. an x- and y-specific probe set, made from flow sorted yak chromosomes, labelled in somatic metaphases of water buffalo the whole x and y, respectively, except their centromere regions. a cattle y-chromosome repeat sequence (bc1.2) showed strong signal on the telomere region of the buffalo y-chromosome, demonstrating the e ... | 2003 | 12950688 |
| pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in the yak (bos grunniens). | the yak (bos grunniens) belongs to the cattle family bovidae and lives in the mountains of china and adjacent areas. due to the physiological adaptations of yak to its environment and the lack of data, the ivermectin pharmacokinetic was studied following a single subcutaneous dose at the recommended dose for cattle (0.2 mg kg(-1)). the observed peak plasma concentration (cmax) was 48.93 ng ml(-1) and the time to reach cmax (tmax) was 0.73 day. these results show a faster rate of absorption than ... | 2003 | 14597289 |
| cardiopulmonary hemodynamics of blue-sheep, pseudois nayaur, as high-altitude adapted mammals. | the blue-sheep, pika, and yak live in the tibetan highlands at an altitude of 6,100 m and are typical mammals adapted to high-altitudes. these animals have a long history of habitation at high-altitudes and are considered to be "animals completely adapted to high-altitudes" because of their physiological and morphological traits that are well adapted to high-altitude environments. to evaluate the physiological characteristics of high-altitude adaptation in the blue-sheep, changes in the pulmonar ... | 2003 | 14975184 |
| phylogenies using mtdna and sry provide evidence for male-mediated introgression in asian domestic cattle. | using nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) cytochrome b and sry genes, we examined the genetic status of two major groups of domestic cattle, the humpless taurine (bos taurus) and humped zebu (b. indicus), using 10 cattle populations in asia. several sequence polymorphisms specific for each major group were found, although the frequency of these polymorphisms varied in each population. six major mtdna-sry composite types were observed. the mishima, mongolian, korean, chinese yel ... | 2003 | 12648092 |
| reproduction in female yaks (bos grunniens) and opportunities for improvement. | this paper reviews seasonal breeding, puberty, postpartum anestrus, embryonic loss and calf survival and their constraints in female yaks. methods for improving fertility in postpartum yak cows are also considered. yaks are seasonal breeders with mating and conception restricted in the warm season. puberty generally occurs in the 2nd to the 4th warm season following birth, i.e. between 13 and 36 months of age. the cows usually have a long postpartum anestrus period; only a small proportion of th ... | 2003 | 12527077 |
| short report: identification of echinococcus species from a yak in the qinghai-tibet plateau region of china. | the species identification of an echinococcal lesion in the liver of a yak in the qinghai-tibet plateau region of china, where both echinococcus granulosus and e. multilocularis are present, was difficult to determine because of the atypical appearance of the lesion. polymerase chain reaction-based mitochondrial genotyping allowed us to discriminate the echinococcus species. nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and cytochrome b (cytb) genes amplified from the echinoc ... | 2003 | 14640506 |
| [the construction of yak liver cdna library]. | yak is a very useful animal. the cdna library of yak liver was constructed, which made a preparation for further cloning and expressing of wanted genes.mrna from yak liver was extracted and purified, and cdna was obtained by reverse transcription,and then cdna library was constructed using plasmid psport1 as the vector. the volume of the library was 1 x 10(6) transformants/microg cdna and the rate of recombination was 93%. the results indicated that the cdna library had enough volume for selecti ... | 2003 | 15639904 |
| coevolution of the telomeric retrotransposons across drosophila species. | as in other eukaryotes, telomeres in drosophila melanogaster are composed of long arrays of repeated dna sequences. remarkably, in d. melanogaster these repeats are produced, not by telomerase, but by successive transpositions of two telomere-specific retrotransposons, het-a and tart. these are the only transposable elements known to be completely dedicated to a role in chromosomes, a finding that provides an opportunity for investigating questions about the evolution of telomeres, telomerase, a ... | 2002 | 12136015 |
| a comprehensive survey for polymorphisms in the bovine ifn-gamma gene reveals a highly polymorphic intronic dna sequence allowing improved genotyping of bovinae. | this study aimed to identify interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) gene variants in cattle for diagnostic purposes. therefore, the entire bovine ifn-gamma gene (boifng) and 2605 bp of its promoter dna were sequenced. the boifng dna sequence conforms to the published part of bo-ifn-gamma cdna. primer extension experiments show the presence of a 5' extension of exon 1 by 42 nucleotides (nt). one sine element (bov-a2) is located in the 5'-region, and two sine elements (bov-ta, bov-b) are contained in the 3' ... | 2002 | 12396714 |
| serological differentiation of brucella-vaccinated and -infected domesticated animals by the agar gel immunodiffusion test using brucella polysaccharide in mongolia. | to investigate brucella infection in cattle, sheep, goat, reindeer and yak in mongolia, serological reactions of brucella-infected and -vaccinated domestic animals were compared by the agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test with a polysaccharide (poly-b) of the b. abortus strain s-19. the sensitivity and specificity were compared with conventional serological tests that are commonly used in mongolia, such as the rose bengal test, the tube agglutination test and the compliment fixation test. a tota ... | 2002 | 12399611 |
| dynamin is a minibrain kinase/dual specificity yak1-related kinase 1a substrate. | the minibrain kinase (mnbk)/dual specificity yak 1-related kinase 1a (dyrk1a) gene is implicated in the mental retardation associated with down's syndrome. it encodes a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase whose function has yet to be defined. we have used a solid-phase mnbk/dyrk1a kinase assay to aid in the search for the cellular mnbk/dyrk1a substrates. the assay revealed that rat brain contains two cytosolic proteins, one with a molecular mass of 100 kda and one with a molecular mass of 1 ... | 2002 | 11877424 |
| haemaphysalis qinghaiensis ticks transmit at least two different theileria species: one is infective to yaks, one is infective to sheep. | adult haemaphysalis qinghaiensis ticks from gannan area, where ovine theileriosis is prevalent but bovine theileriosis has not been reported, transmitted theileria parasites to yaks and sheep. blood from the infected yak contained theileria parasites that were infective to yaks, but not sheep. in contrast, blood from the infected sheep did not contain theileria parasites infective to yaks. these results suggested that the ticks from the gannan area were infected with two species of theileria one ... | 2002 | 12072211 |
| polymorphism in mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of yak (bos grunniens). | mitochondrial dnas (mtdna) from 21 yaks (bos grunniens) were assayed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms by using 20 restriction endonucleases, six of which (avai, avaii, bgiii, ecori, hindiii, and hpai) detected polymorphism. four different mtdna haplotypes were identified. combining this with previous reports about the mtdna rflps of b. indicus and b. taurus, there are obvious differences in mtdna polymorphism between the yak and other bos species. we estimated that the divergence ti ... | 2002 | 12137333 |
| prevalence of sarcocystis infection in meat-producing animals in mongolia. | a survey of sarcocystis infection was conducted in mongolia between june 1998 and july 1999. samples of muscle were taken from the diaphragm, heart, tongue, esophagus,and intercostal region of cattle, yak, hainag, sheep, horses, and camels. a muscle compress method was used to determine the prevalence of infection: cattle 90.0% (27/30), yak 93.3% (28/30), hainag 100% (30/30), sheep 96.9% (753/777), horses 75% (3/4) and camels 100% (5/5). of the various muscles, heart was the most commonly infect ... | 2002 | 12693581 |
| effects of high altitude and season on fasting heat production in the yak bos grunniens or poephagus grunniens. | thirty growing yaks bos grunniens or poephagus grunniens, 1.0-3.5 years and 50-230 kg, from their native altitudes (3000-4000 m), were used to study the basal metabolism in this species and to evaluate the effects of high altitude and season on the energy metabolism. fasting heat production (fhp) was measured at altitudes of 2260, 3250 and 4270 m on the tibetan plateau in both the summer and the winter, after a 90 d adaptation period at each experimental site. gas exchanges of the whole animals ... | 2002 | 12144722 |
| phylogeny of bovine species based on aflp fingerprinting. | the bovini species comprise both domestic and wild cattle species. published phylogenies of this tribe based on mitochondrial dna contain anomalies, while nuclear sequences show only low variation. we have used amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) fingerprinting in order to detect variation in loci distributed over the nuclear genome. computer-assisted scoring of electrophoretic fingerprinting patterns yielded 361 markers, which provided sufficient redundancy to suppress stochastic effe ... | 2002 | 11813106 |
| gamma herpesvirus carrier status of captive artiodactyls. | between 1998 and 2000, 103 individuals of 19 species of the order artiodactyla at whipsnade wild animal park were tested for evidence of infection with gamma herpesviruses in order to distinguish between species which are susceptible to malignant catarrhal fever (mcf), caused by alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (alhv-1) of wildebeest (connochaetes sp.) or ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2) of domestic sheep, and species which carry related viruses sub-clinically. gamma herpesvirus dna was detected in the kno ... | 2002 | 12208112 |
| profiles of plasma progesterone before and at the onset of puberty in yak heifers. | sixty yak heifers were closely observed to determine their ages at sexual maturity and 15 heifers were used to analyze the plasma progesterone by radioimmunoassay before and at the attainment of puberty. yak heifers began cyclic activity at a mean (+/-s.d.) age of 33 +/- 6.7 months, but with wild variation. fifteen heifers used to determine plasma progesterone were divided into three age groups: group i (10-14 months, n = 5), group ii (20-24 months, n = 5) and group iii (30-36 months, n = 5). gr ... | 2001 | 11182509 |
| an x-y paint set and sperm fish protocol that can be used for validation of cattle sperm separation procedures. | x and y chromosome paints were developed from sorted yak chromosomes for sexing cattle spermatozoa. clear hybridization signals were obtained for every spermatozoon using a modified sperm decondensation protocol and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). the procedure was evaluated using the established beltsville sperm sexing technology, which separates spermatozoa by flow cytometry into x- and y-bearing fractions. close agreement was found between the assessment of sperm separation by flow ... | 2001 | 11277872 |
| characterization of bovidae sex-determining gene sry. | in mammals, testis determination is under the control of the sex-determining gene sry. this y-linked gene encodes a protein with a dna binding domain similar to those found in high-mobility-group proteins. here we report the cloning and sequences of the sry genes of yak and chinese native cattle. our data show that sry genes in bovidae are less divergent, especially in the coding and 3' regions. | 2001 | 11742636 |
| the protein kinase yaka regulates g-protein-linked signaling responses during growth and development of dictyostelium. | a genetic screen for dictyostelium mutants that phenotypically resemble cells lacking the g-protein beta-subunit yielded the protein kinase yaka. like gbeta-null cells, yaka-null cells fail to enter development and display slow growth on bacterial lawns. we created a temperature-sensitive yaka mutant and showed that yaka activity is required not only at the onset but also during development. the yaka-null cells have strong defects in folic acid-induced responses, such as actin polymerization and ... | 2001 | 11410593 |
| metallic punctate densities in the breast after chinese herbal treatment: mammographic findings. | to describe the mammographic features of metallic punctate densities seen in women who were treated with the herb go-yak for breast abscess and to explain the cause of these findings. | 2000 | 10715064 |
| [effects of adhesive proteins on endothelialization of pc crosslinking yak pericardial materials--an experimental study]. | to investigate the conditions of endothelialization of biomaterials, we examined in vitro the growth properties of endothelial cells on pc treated yak pericardial materials. after rinsed in normal saline (0.9%), the surface of pc crosslinking yak pericardial materials was precoated with three kinds of adhesive proteins--laminin (la), fibronectin(fn) and collagen-i(cl-i). ednothelial cells(ec) from the canine were seeded on the precoated materials, and on the uncoated materials as control. the re ... | 2000 | 11211821 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the tribe bovini using microsatellites. | the objective of the present study was to determine if the generally accepted phylogenetic relationships in the tribe bovini correspond to a phylogenetic scheme derived from polymorphisms at 20 bovine microsatellite loci. this study comprises 17 representative populations: eight bos taurus, two bos indicus, one poëphagus, one bibos, one bison, three bubalus and one syncerus. phylogenetic analyses using (delta mu)2 and chord (dc) distances revealed substantial divergence among species. neighbor-j ... | 2000 | 10895308 |
| rumen ciliated protozoan fauna of the yak (bos grunniens) in china with the description of entodinium monuo n. sp. | rumen ciliate species composition was surveyed in domestic yaks kept in tibet, sichuan, and inner mongolia, china. twelve genera including 36 species with 18 formae were identified. the species compositions were slightly different among the three areas: yaks in tibet had the simplest fauna, in contrast, the fauna of yaks in inner mongolia were the most abundant and similar to those found in the cattle kept in the same area. this suggests that the rumen ciliate composition of yaks is affected by ... | 2000 | 10750847 |
| [research on constructing phylogenetics trees of ruminants basing on the database of milk protein gene sequences]. | primers designed according to the sequences of four milk protein genes of cow bos taurus (alpha-lactoalbumin, beta-lactoglobin, beta- and kappa-casein) were used to amplify the full length gene of alpha-lactalbumin in yak bos grunniens (2999 bp), water buffalo bubalus arnee bubalis (278 bp), partial sequence of this gene in red deer cervus elaphs xanthopygus (1582 bp), 5' and 3' flanking region of beta-lactoglobin gene (2167 bp and 1096 bp in length respectively), 5'-flanking region and exon vii ... | 2000 | 11057044 |
| ganglioside gt1b in rat brain binds to p58, a brain-specific sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter: expression cloning with a specific monoclonal antibody to ganglioside gt1b-binding protein. | to evidence the notion that gangliosides involve neuronal cell interactions in the brain, we surveyed the presence of ganglioside-binding proteins in membrane lysates of adult rat cerebellum. three proteins (p58, p90, and p160) were identified as gt1b-binding proteins by incubation of the blot of the membrane lysate with gt1b micelles. we generated a monoclonal antibody (mab) specific to the polypeptide portion of the gt1b-binding proteins (yak-2). the yak-2 mab specifically reacted with all thr ... | 2000 | 10731661 |
| an anatomical study of the internal genital organs of the yak at different ages. | forty-five female yaks of different ages with known reproductive histories were used to determine the anatomical characteristics of their internal genital organs. the results showed that there were several follicles of different sizes present on the surface of each examined ovary, up to a maximum of 13. in each age group, a greater number of follicles < 5 mm was observed in the right than in the left ovary (p < 0.05), while the number of follicles > 5 mm in the right ovary was almost the same as ... | 1999 | 10204417 |
| effect of strategic feed supplementation on productive and reproductive performance in yak cows. | a total of 2230 yak cows (5-13 years of age) in two populations with different milking systems were investigated. one population had a system of milking once a day (mod), and the other population twice a day (mtd). the average milk yield of mod cows was 0.7 +/- 0.2 kg/day within a milking period of 109 +/- 9 days. this compared with an average of 1.24 +/- 0.3 kg/day in 127 +/- 6 days in mtd yaks (p < 0.01). the cows showed a calving rate of 71% under the mod system and 51.4% under the mtd system ... | 1999 | 10081799 |
| susceptibility of yak (bos grunniens) to copper deficiency. | 1999 | 10755592 | |
| the effect of anti-coagulants on the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in the yak (poephagus grunniens). | 1999 | 10030134 | |
| mitochondrial dna variation in cattle of south china: origin and introgression. | ten restriction endonucleases were used to investigate the mitochondrial dna restriction fragment length polymorphism (mtdna rflp) of 11 native cattle breeds and one cultivated cattle breed in south china. twenty-three restriction morphs were detected, which can be sorted into five haplotypes. a phylogenetic tree of the haplotypes was constructed by using the 'upgma' method. our study showed that haplotype i and ii are identical to the zebu (bos indicus) and taurine (bos taurus) haplotypes, resp ... | 1999 | 10467698 |
| establishment and application of a polymerase chain reaction for the identification of beef. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based method for the identification of beef by amplification of bovine 1.709 satellite dna was established. the method not only was able to amplify raw beef dna, but also cooked or autoclaved meat dna. the sequence selected for amplification consisted of a 218 bp dna fragment lying in the 1.709 satellite dna of bovine. a pair of synthetic oligonucleotides flanking this sequence were used as printers, and genomic dna extracted from beef samples employed as templa ... | 1999 | 22061857 |
| fetal haemoglobin in pregnant yaks (poephagus grunniens l.). | 1999 | 10409419 | |
| pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in yak. | 1999 | 10358891 | |
| paclitaxel vs cyclophosphamide in peripheral blood stem cell mobilization: comparative studies in a murine model. | paclitaxel is a promising drug for the treatment of breast and ovarian cancer. it also may play a role in mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (pbsc), as an alternative to cyclophosphamide (cy). we investigated the pbsc-mobilizing potential of paclitaxel compared to cy in a murine model. c57b1/6 mice were primed with intraperitoneal injections of cy (200 mg/kg) or paclitaxel (60 mg/kg) and were sacrificed 4, 6, 8, or 10 days later. spleens were harvested and processed to obtain low-densit ... | 1999 | 10089919 |
| [the history of korean traditional medicine]. | records of ethnic medicine in the kokuryo, baekjae and shilla dynasties can be found in foreign literature, and evidence that a medicine unique to korean was being developed in the koryo dynasty can be found in korean historical records. with the founding of chosun, hyang-yak medicine was established, and a medicine purely and uniquely korean took root. the chosun dynasty saw the development of a new form of medicine called dong-ui medicine, and an independent system emphasizing practicality was ... | 1999 | 11624460 |
| synthetic amino acid copolymers that bind to hla-dr proteins and inhibit type ii collagen-reactive t cell clones. | copolymer 1 [poly(y,e,a,k)] is a random synthetic amino acid copolymer of l-tyrosine, l-glutamic acid, l-alanine, and l-lysine that is effective both in suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and in the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. copolymer 1 binds promiscuously and very efficiently to purified hla-dr molecules within the peptide-binding groove. in the present study, yeak and yeak-related copolymers and type ii collagen (cii) peptide 261-273, a candidate a ... | 1998 | 9770519 |
| development of a binding site model for histamine h3-receptor agonists. | on the basis of molecular modelling studies the structural and conformational requirements for receptor affinity and activity of histamine h3-receptor agonists were studied. it was shown that the known h3-receptor agonists can be fitted accurately into a common pharmacophoric pattern. using the yak pseudoreceptor approach an amino acid model for the h3-receptor agonist binding site was generated which reflects binding properties and biological data of the investigated agonists. the postulated bi ... | 1998 | 9699219 |
| heterologous fertilization to characterize spermatozoa of the genus bos. | advances in assisted reproductive techniques, specifically, development of protocols for production of in vitro matured, fertilized and cultured domestic bovine embryos, offer opportunities to apply these techniques to nondomestic bovidae in species preservation. domestic bovine oocytes were inseminated with nondomestic bovine spermatozoa. effects of heparin concentration, sperm concentration and their interaction on total and normal in vitro fertilization rates and on subsequent embryo developm ... | 1998 | 10734485 |
| digital cloning: identification of human cdnas homologous to novel kinases through expressed sequence tag database searching. | identification of novel kinases based on their sequence conservation within kinase catalytic domain has relied so far on two major approaches, low-stringency hybridization of cdna libraries, and pcr method using degenerate primers. both of these approaches at times are technically difficult and time-consuming. we have developed a procedure that can significantly reduce the time and effort involved in searching for novel kinases and increase the sensitivity of the analysis. this procedure exploit ... | 1998 | 9662067 |
| [a method of morphological observation on the endothelialization of bioprosthetic heart valve materials in vitro]. | in order to examine the endothelialization of yak pericardial materials in vitro, we used wright staining and successfully observed the morphology, number and order of endothelial cells seeded on pericardial patches under light microscope. compared with scanning electron microscopy, the method of light microscopy is simple, easy to do and may be carried out at any time. in laboratory, it brings much convenience in morphological observation on the endothelialization of biomaterials and therefore ... | 1998 | 12548902 |
| endogenous nitric oxide in the airways of different animal species. | high amounts of endogenous nitric oxide (no) have been demonstrated in the human upper airway, but the role of nasal no is still unclear. the present study aims to describe nasal no excretion in different animal species with special living conditions or anatomy. | 1997 | 9366933 |
| fertility investigations in the f1 hybrid and backcross progeny of cattle (bos taurus) and yak (b. grunniens) in mongolia. | investigations conducted in mongolia into the sterility of the male khainag, an f1 hybrid animal resulting from crossing cattle (bos taurus, 2n = 60) with yaks (b. grunniens, 2n = 60), are reported. reduced numbers of spermatogonia appear to characterise the testicular tubules of the khainag, and despite the identical cytological appearance of the two parental karyotypes, synaptic anomalies are seen at meiotic prophase in primary spermatocytes. the female khainag is fertile and can be backcrosse ... | 1997 | 9345913 |
| genetic diversity and divergence in chinese yak (bos grunniens) populations inferred from blood protein electrophoresis. | in 6 chinese yak (bos. grunniens) populations including 177 yaks, 34 blood protein loci were studied by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis, four of these loci (akp, alb, ldh-1, tf) were found to be polymorphic. the percentage of polymorphic loci(p) is 0.118, the mean individual heterozygosity(h) is 0.015, which means a low level of genetic diversity in the whole chinese yak population. the coefficient of gene differentiation (gst) is 0.0625, which indicated an almost-indistinguishable diverge ... | 1997 | 9238515 |
| structure-activity relationships of cannabinoids: a joint comfa and pseudoreceptor modelling study. | a cannabinoid pseudoreceptor model for the cb1-receptor has been constructed for 31 cannabinoids using the molecular modelling software yak. additionally, two comfa studies were performed on these ligands, the first of which was conducted prior to the building of the pseudoreceptor. its pharmacophore is identical with the initial superposition of ligands used for pseudoreceptor construction. in contrast, the ligand alignment for the second comfa study was taken directly from the final cannabinoi ... | 1997 | 9263855 |
| effect of the in vivo priming regimen for peripheral blood stem cells (pbsc) mobilization on in vitro generation of cytotoxic effectors by il-2 activation of pbsc in a murine model. | priming of patients with different pbsc mobilizing regimens leads to an increase by several fold in circulating hematopoietic progenitors in peripheral blood. however, the effect of these mobilizing regimens on lymphoid cells contained within the harvested pbsc population is not well understood. we have studied the effect of cy and/or g-csf +/- il-2 containing regimens on lymphoid cells, and their capacity to give rise to cytotoxic effectors on subsequent in vitro il-2 activation in a murine mod ... | 1997 | 9028557 |
| the high affinity melationin binding site probed with conformationally restricted ligand--i. pharmacophore and minireceptor models. | the affinities of enantiomers of conformationally restricted melatonin analogues for the ml-1 and ml-2 putative melatonin receptor subtypes are reported. most ligands exhibited reversed stereoselectivity when competing with 125i 2-iodomelatonin binding to chicken retinal (ml-1) and hamster brain (ml-2) membranes, further supporting the biochemical and pharmacological differences reported for these two sites. based on the data for the ml-1 site and thorough conformational analyses of several liga ... | 1996 | 8879554 |
| [the yak--the asiatic mountain cattle in science and practice]. | a total of 15 million yak is indigenous to central asia (china, mongolia, nepal, india and bhutan) on an area of 220 m hectares. the animal is a six purpose cattle, including milk production, meat production, wool production, leather production, capacity for work as draught, riding and transport animals and energy production via dried manure. moreover, anatomical and physiological peculiarities of this high mountain cattle are presented which can tolerate cold temperatures of -50 degrees c. fina ... | 1996 | 9011505 |
| [polymorphism of the kappa-casein gene in populations of the subfamily bovinae]. | polymorphism of the 5'-untranslated region and exon 4 of kappa-casein (kappa-casein) gene was studied in yakutian and black pied cattle, yak, european bison, and buffalo by means of a polymerase chain reaction and subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (pcr-rflp). in the species studied, restriction polymorphism by the endonucleases alui and bg/ii in the 5'-untranslated region of the gene is absent. four restriction endonucleases testing nucleotide substitutions in 136 codo ... | 1996 | 9119217 |
| [variability of satellite dna ii and iv in cattle, various representatives of the subfamily bovinae and their hybrids]. | polymorphism of satellite dna ii and iv was studied in bos taurus by means of southern blotting and dot hybridization. of primary interest is the absence of restriction fragment length polymorphism at the individual and interbreed levels. differences in the content of satellite ii in the genome are demonstrated for animals of the kholmogorskaya and yakutian breeds. the specific features of satellite iv organization in the bison, banteng and yak are revealed, allowing the use of the satellite as ... | 1996 | 9026464 |
| application of a competitive elisa for the detection of bluetongue virus antibodies in llamas and wild ruminants. | a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa), using a group-specific monoclonal antibody against bluetongue virus (btv), was applied to detect anti-btv antibodies in serum samples from two llamas (llama glama) experimentally infected with btv serotype 10. antibodies were detected in both llamas by 1 wk or 2 wk post-infection. antibodies to btv increased exponentially during the first 4 wk in both llamas and stabilized at an elevated level during the remaining 5-wk-period of the expe ... | 1995 | 8592352 |
| a pseudoreceptor modelling study of the varicella-zoster virus and human thymidine kinase binding sites. | a representative range of pyrimidine nucleoside analogues that are known to inhibit herpes simplex virus (hsv) replication have been used to construct receptor binding site models for the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) thymidine kinase (tk) and human tk1. given a set of interacting ligands, superimposed in such a manner as to define a pharmacophore, the pseudoreceptor modelling technique yak provides a means of building binding site models of macromolecules for which no three-dimensional experimen ... | 1995 | 8789189 |
| crosslinkage of collagen by polyglycidyl ethers. | calcification is the principal cause of failure of glutaraldehyde treated bioprosthetic heart valves. this article reports the crosslinkage of several polyglycidyl ethers. calcification of yak pericardium with polyglycidyl ethers was significantly decreased compared with that crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. the process of calcification of crosslinked yak pericardium was studied using 21 day subdermal implants in rats. the uptake of calcium with ethane diglycidyl ether was reduced (0.57 +/- 0.19 ... | 1995 | 7727825 |
| [infectious diseases and medical institutions in the late chosen dynasty]. | the first korean record on the smallpox can be found in the hyangyak-kukupbang compiled during the period of late koryo dynasty. the record told on the cause, symptom, preventive and curative method of the disease but it did not touch upon its infectivity. jeong yak-yong and lee jong-in of late 18th and early 19th centuries recognized first that the disease is infectious and it can be prevented by the vaccination method. but the vaccination against smallpox had not been carried out in public unt ... | 1995 | 11618954 |
| [clinical and endocrine effects of laparoscopic ovarian surgery in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome]. | is minimal invasive ovarian surgery an alternative infertility treatment for patients with polycystic ovary (pco) syndrome? | 1995 | 8672905 |
| pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning of yaks: identification of the plants involved. | a search was undertaken in the most eastern part of the himalayan kingdom of bhutan for the plants which are causing severe losses of yaks due to pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning. two senecio and three ligularia species were found on yak pastures at altitudes between 3000 and 4000 m, including one so far underscribed ligularia species. none was previously known to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. another senecio species was found between 2500 and 3000 m, an altitude too low for yaks to be kept b ... | 1994 | 8171783 |
| parasitic infections of indian yak bos (poephagus) grunniens--an overview. | for centuries, the yak and its hybrids with domestic cows (dzomo/dzo) have been contributing to the socio-economic status of their owners in desolate regions of the greater himalayas. studies on the prevalence of parasitic diseases in these animals were undertaken in ladakh (jammu and kashmir), sikkim and villages near the indo-nepal border of uttar pradesh. visceral organs of necropsied animals were observed for the presence of adult metazoan parasites, fresh or preserved faecal samples were ex ... | 1994 | 8091621 |
| reproduction in the yak. | 1993 | 8111611 | |
| reproductive patterns of the yak. i. reproductive phenomena of the female yak. | the reproductive phenomena of 62 multiparous yaks from two grassland areas were investigated. the lengths of oestrus and the oestrus cycle were 12-36 h and 19-21 days respectively. ovulation occurred 12-36 h after the end of oestrus. the oestrus and conception rates were 85.5% and 94.3%. the duration of pregnancy ranged from 248 to 258 days. the signs of oestrus, pregnancy and parturition, and the changes of the uterus and ovaries during oestrus and pregnancy are described. | 1993 | 8111618 |
| functional and structural adaptation of the yak pulmonary circulation to residence at high altitude. | the high-altitude (ha) native yak (bos grunniens) has successfully adapted to chronic hypoxia (ch) despite being in the same genus as domestic cows, which are known for their great hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses (hpvrs), muscular pulmonary arteries, and development of severe pulmonary hypertension on exposure to ch. to determine possible mechanisms by which the pulmonary circulation may adapt to ch, yak pulmonary vascular reactivity to both vasoconstrictor and vasodilator stimuli an ... | 1993 | 8335557 |
| pseudo-receptor modeling: a new concept for the three-dimensional construction of receptor binding sites. | molecular design of small molecules intended to target a macromolecule generally utilizes one of two computational approaches: "receptor fitting" or "receptor mapping". a comprehensive strategy for the design of potent, selective and novel ligands for cell-bound receptors combines the two by means of "pseudoreceptor modeling". definition of a refined pharmacophore model is the first step. a subsequent step involves the construction of a pseudoreceptor--an explicit molecular binding pocket--for t ... | 1993 | 8383750 |