Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| key sources and seasonal dynamics of greenhouse gas fluxes from yak grazing systems on the qinghai-tibetan plateau. | greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions from livestock grazing systems are contributing to global warming. to examine the influence of yak grazing systems on ghg fluxes and relationships between ghg fluxes and environmental factors, we measured carbon dioxide (co2), methane (ch4) and nitrous oxide (n2o) fluxes over three key seasons in 2012 and 2013 from a range of potential sources, including: alpine meadows, dung patches, manure heaps and yak night pens, on the qinghai-tibetan plateau. we also estimate ... | 2017 | 28106070 |
| whole-genome analysis of introgressive hybridization and characterization of the bovine legacy of mongolian yaks. | the yak is remarkable for its adaptation to high altitude and occupies a central place in the economies of the mountainous regions of asia. at lower elevations, it is common to hybridize yaks with cattle to combine the yak's hardiness with the productivity of cattle. hybrid males are sterile, however, preventing the establishment of stable hybrid populations, but not a limited introgression after backcrossing several generations of female hybrids to male yaks. here we inferred bovine haplotypes ... | 2017 | 28135247 |
| protein and mrna expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor during the oestrus in the yak (bos grunniens). | follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) and luteinizing hormone (lh) have a central role in follicle growth, maturation and oestrus, but no clear pathway in the seasonal oestrus of yak (bos grunniens) has been found. to better understand the role of fsh and lh in seasonal oestrus in the yak, six yaks were slaughtered while in oestrus, and the pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads were collected. using real-time pcr and immunohistochemical assays, we determined the mrna and protein e ... | 2017 | 28181328 |
| dynamic changes of yak (bos grunniens) gut microbiota during growth revealed by pcr-dgge and metagenomics. | to understand the dynamic structure, function, and influence on nutrient metabolism in hosts, it was crucial to assess the genetic potential of gut microbial community in yaks of different ages. | 2017 | 28183172 |
| detection of giardia duodenalis assemblage e infections at the tibetan plateau area: yaks are suitable hosts. | the prevalence of giardia duodenalis (g. duodenalis) assemblages in yaks is poorly known. the present study examined 297 fecal samples from weaned yak, 4-7 months of age, from 3 different farms, in tibetan plateau area (tpa) of the qinghai province in western china. the prevalence of infection was determined by light and immunofluorescence microscopy, and nested-pcr. pcr was performed for the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu) amplified 16 positive for g. duodenalis products. the prevalence of gi ... | 2017 | 28209552 |
| assessment of ruminal bacterial and archaeal community structure in yak (bos grunniens). | the aim of this study was to determine the microbial community composition in the rumen of yaks under different feeding regimes. microbial communities were assessed by sequencing bacterial and archaeal 16s ribosomal rna gene fragments obtained from yaks (bos grunniens) from qinghai-tibetan plateau, china. samples were obtained from 14 animals allocated to either pasture grazing (graze), a grazing and supplementary feeding regime (gsf), or an indoor feeding regime (feed). the predominant bacteria ... | 2017 | 28223980 |
| evaluation of foot and mouth vaccination for yak (bos grunniens) in pakistan. | in northern pakistan, many farming communities rely on domestic yak (bos grunniens) as a principle source of income. a 2006 participatory disease surveillance report from this region indicated that foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is the most prevalent annual disease of yak. our objectives of this study were to determine exposure levels of yak to fmd virus; implement a vaccination program based on current, regional fmd virus serotypes and subtypes; and quantify immune responses following vaccination ... | 2017 | 28247287 |
| colony-stimulating factor 2 enhances the developmental competence of yak (poephagus grunniens) preimplantation embryos by modulating the expression of heat shock protein 70 kda 1a. | colony-stimulating factor 2 (csf2) is known to promote the development and survival of rodents and ruminants preimplantation embryos; however, the effect of csf2 on yak embryos has not been reported. the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of csf2 on the developmental competence of yak embryos cultured in vitro in modified synthetic oviduct fluid (msof) medium and on the expression pattern of heat shock protein 70 kda 1a (hspa1a). in each experiment, cumulus-oocyte complexes ( ... | 2017 | 28257862 |
| soil bacterial and fungal diversity differently correlated with soil biochemistry in alpine grassland ecosystems in response to environmental changes. | to understand effects of soil microbes on soil biochemistry in alpine grassland ecosystems under environmental changes, we explored relationships between soil microbial diversity and soil total nitrogen, organic carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus, soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in alpine meadow, alpine steppe and cultivated grassland on the qinghai-tibetan plateau under three-year warming, enhanced precipitation and yak overgrazing. soil total nitrogen, organic carbon a ... | 2017 | 28262753 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of fascioliasis in yaks, bos grunniens, from three counties of gansu province, china. | the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of fascioliasis in yaks, bos grunniens, from 3 counties of gansu province in china. a total of 1,584 serum samples, including 974 samples from white yaks from tianzhu, 464 from black yaks from maqu, and 146 from black yaks from luqu county, were collected and analyzed using elisa to detect igg antibodies against fasciola hepatica. the overall f. hepatica seroprevalence was 28.7% (454/1,584), with 29.2% in white yaks (284/ ... | 2017 | 28285513 |
| genetic assessment of leech species from yak (bos grunniens) in the tract of northeast india. | yak is an iconic symbol of tibet and high altitudes of northeast india. it is highly cherished for milk, meat, and skin. however, yaks suffer drastic change in milk production, weight loss, etc, when infested by parasites. among them, infestation by leeches is a serious problem in the himalayan belt of northeast india. the parasite feeds on blood externally or from body orifices, like nasopharynx, oral, rectum, etc. but there has been limited data about the leech species infesting the yak in tha ... | 2017 | 28290215 |
| genetic diversity of atp8 and atp6 genes is associated with high-altitude adaptation in yak. | atp synthase 8 (atp8) and atpase synthase 6 (atp6) play an important role in mitochondrial atpase assembly. mutations in either of these units could affect the atp processing and the respiration chain in mitochondria. to find out if there were differences in gene diversity between tibetan yaks and domestic cattle, we sequenced the atp8 and atp6 genes in 66 tibetan yaks and 81 domestic cattle. we identified 20 snps in the atp8 gene and 60 snps in the atp6 gene. ten snps detected in atp8 were prob ... | 2017 | 28306370 |
| the genome sequence of the wisent (bison bonasus). | the wisent, also known as the european bison, was rescued from extinction approximately 80 years ago through the conservation of 12 individuals. here, we present the draft genome sequence of a male wisent individual descended from this founding stock. | 2017 | 28327911 |
| a molecular survey of babesia species and detection of a new babesia species by dna related to b. venatorum from white yaks in tianzhu, china. | bovine babesiosis is a tick-transmitted disease caused by different species of babesia. the white yak is a unique yak breed that lives only in tianzhu in the tibetan autonomous county, gansu province, in northwestern china. previous research using the elisa method has confirmed that the white yak could become infected with b. bigemina. the objective of this study was the molecular detection and identification of babesia species in white yaks. a total of 409 white yak blood samples were collected ... | 2017 | 28352260 |
| genetic diversities of mt-nd1 and mt-nd2 genes are associated with high-altitude adaptation in yak. | tibetan yak (bos grunniens) inhabiting the qinghai-tibet plateau (qtp) where the average altitude is 4000 m, is specially adapted to live at these altitudes. conversely, cattle (b. taurus) has been found to suffer from high-altitude hypertension or heart failure when exposed to these high altitudes. two mitochondrial genes, mt-nd1 and mt-nd2, encode two subunits of nadh dehydrogenase play an essential role in the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos). we sequenced these ... | 2017 | 28366030 |
| characterization of chiral amino acids from different milk origins using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion-mobility mass spectrometry. | milk contains free amino acids (aas) that play essential roles in maintaining the growth and health of infants, and d-aa isomers are increasingly being recognized as important signalling molecules. however, there are no studies of the different characteristics of chiral aa (c-aa) from different milk origins. here, uplc coupled to ion-mobility high-resolution ms (im-hrms) was employed to characterize 18 pairs of c-aas in human, cow, yak, buffalo, goat, and camel milk. the results proved that milk ... | 2017 | 28393862 |
| molecular characterization of hypoderma spp. in domestic ruminants from turkey and pakistan. | the aim of this study was to determine the morphological and molecular characterization of hypoderma spp. in cattle and yak from different provinces of turkey and pakistan. for this purpose, a total of 78 larvae were collected from different provinces of turkey and pakistan from october (2015) to january (2016) from slaughtered animals. thirty eight out of 78 hypoderma larvae were morphologically classified as third instar larvae (l3) of hypoderma bovis, 37 were hypoderma lineatum and 3 were cla ... | 2017 | 28398110 |
| molecular investigation of piroplasma infection in white yaks (bos grunniens) in gansu province, china. | piroplasmosis, including theileriosis and babesiosis, is a tick-borne haemoprotozoan disease responsible for huge economic losses to livestock industry. in china, the biology of piroplasms infective to cattle was well understood on the basis of pathogen isolations and molecular epidemiological surveys in the past few decades. but very limited information about the infection status of piroplasms in white yak (bos grunniens), a semi-wild and endemic breed, has been recorded, so far. a total of 350 ... | 2017 | 28427963 |
| the histological characteristics, age-related thickness change of skin, and expression of the hsps in the skin during hair cycle in yak (bos grunniens). | this experiment was conducted to study the histological characteristics, age-related thickness changes, and expression of hsps in the skin of yak. | 2017 | 28463974 |
| insulin-like growth factor i enhances the developmental competence of yak embryos by modulating aquaporin 3. | the objective of our present study was to determine the effects of insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i) on the development of yak (bos grunniens) embryos after cumulus-oocyte complex (coc) vitrification and warming followed by in vitro fertilization (ivf). in experiment 1, the yak cocs underwent vitrification and then ivf. embryos were incubated in synthetic oviductal fluid (sof) supplemented with four concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 200 ng/ml) of igf-i, while the yak cocs without vitrification o ... | 2017 | 28512855 |
| characteristics of yak platelet derived growth factors-alpha gene and expression in brain tissues. | platelet derived growth factors (pdgfs) are key components of autocrine and paracrine signaling, both of which play important roles in mammalian developmental processes. pdgf expression levels also relate to oxygen levels. the characteristics of yak pdgfs, which are indigenous to hypoxic environments, have not been clearly described until the current study. | 2017 | 28553854 |
| seroprevalence of and risk factors for neospora caninum infection in yaks (bos grunniens) in china. | the aim of the present study was to detect the seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection in yaks in gansu province, china. serum samples from 974 white yaks and 610 black yaks were tested by a commercial competitive-inhibition elisa for the detection of specific anti-n. caninum antibodies.; n. caninum antibodies were detected in 10.4% of yaks with higher prevalence in black (11.5% of 610) than white yak (8.6% of 974). age, regions and sampling times were considered as risk factors associated ... | 2017 | 28606319 |
| epidemiological investigation and risk factors of echinococcus granulosus in yaks (bos grunniens), tibetan pigs and tibetans on qinghai tibetan plateau. | echinococcus granulosus (e. granulosus) is a diverse zoonotic parasite and causes cystic echinococcosis (ce) disease in humans and livestock. however, scare information is available about the epidemic situation of e. granulosus infection in yaks, tibetan pigs and native tibetans on the qinghai tibetan plateau. therefore, a study was carried out to find prevalence and risk factors of e. granulosus in yaks, tibetan pigs and tibetans. serum samples from yaks (1371), tibetan pigs (454) and tibetans ... | 2017 | 28624512 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors for bovine brucellosis in domestic yaks (bos grunniens) in tibet, china. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in three counties (damxung, maizhokunggar and yadong) in tibet in april and may 2015. a total of 1,523 yaks owned by 181 herders were randomly selected and blood sampled. sera were tested using the rose bengal test (rbt) and a competitive immune-enzymatic assay (c-elisa) and the test results interpreted in parallel. the individual yak prevalence was 2.8% (95% ci 2.0-3.7) with a herd prevalence of 18.2% (95% ci 12.9-24.6). at the individual level, two predict ... | 2017 | 28624927 |
| mitochondrial haplotypes influence metabolic traits across bovine inter- and intra-species cybrids. | in bovine species, mitochondrial dna polymorphisms and their correlation to productive or reproductive performances have been widely reported across breeds and individuals. however, experimental evidence of this correlation has never been provided. in order to identify differences among bovine mtdna haplotypes, transmitochondrial cybrids were generated, with the nucleus from mac-t cell line, derived from a holstein dairy cow (bos taurus) and mitochondria from either primary cell line derived fro ... | 2017 | 28646188 |
| detection of enterocytozoon bieneusi in white yaks in gansu province, china. | enterocytozoon bieneusi, the most common zoonotic pathogen of microsporidiosis, has been found in various animals and humans, but no information is available concerning the prevalence and genotypes of e. bieneusi in white yaks (bos grunniens). in the present study, 353 faecal samples from white yaks in tianzhu tibetan autonomous county, gansu province, northwestern china, were collected and examined by pcr amplification of the internal transcribed spacer gene to estimate e. bieneusi prevalence a ... | 2017 | 28676859 |
| molecular epidemiological survey and genetic characterization of anaplasma species in mongolian livestock. | anaplasma species are obligate intracellular rickettsial pathogens that cause great economic loss to the animal industry. few studies on anaplasma infections in mongolian livestock have been conducted. this study examined the prevalence of anaplasma marginale, anaplasma ovis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and anaplasma bovis by polymerase chain reaction assay in 928 blood samples collected from native cattle and dairy cattle (bos taurus), yaks (bos grunniens), sheep (ovis aries), and goats (capra a ... | 2017 | 28678004 |
| cloning of hsp90, expression and localization of hsp70/90 in different tissues including lactating/non-lactating yak (bos grunniens) breast tissue. | the aim of this study is to investigate the expression and localization of hsp70/90 in different tissues and explore the regulation effects of hsp70/90 at lactation period of female yaks. hsp90 mrna was cloned from the heart samples of female yaks, quantitative real-time (qrt-pcr), western blotting (wb), immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays were utilized to analyze the expressions of hsp70/90 mrna and protein in different tissues. sequence analysis showed that hsp90 is a conserved ... | 2017 | 28715410 |
| multiplex assay for identifying animal species found in the tibetan area using the mitochondrial 12s rrna gene. | southwestern china has an area with unique natural conditions located in alpine regions at altitudes from 2000 to 5000 m; this area is referred to as the qinghai-tibetan plateau (qtp). unique animals, such as yaks (bos grunniens), are found extensively on the plateau of southwestern china due to its unique environment. in recent years, the prevalence of fake meat products such as fake jerky has increased in this area. this research was conducted as an attempt to develop a reliable multiplex poly ... | 2018 | 28799826 |
| bcl-2/bax protein and mrna expression in yak (bos grunniens) placentomes. | placental function is complex and influenced by various factors; furthermore, it depends on a delicate balance between cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell death. bcl-2 and bax proteins are key apoptosis regulators and are considered to play an important role in the maintenance of both dynamic balance and integrity of many tissues. changes in bcl-2 and bax expressions have been described during different developmental stages in normal human placentas. studies furthermore indicated ... | 2017 | 28806624 |
| whole-genome sequence of chlamydia abortus strain gn6 isolated from aborted yak fetus. | the obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium chlamydia abortus is one of the causative agents of abortion and fetal loss in sheep, goats, and cattle in many countries. it also affects the reproductivity of yaks (bos grunniens). this study reports the whole-genome sequence of chlamydia abortus strain gn6, which was isolated from aborted yak fetus in qinghai-tibetan plateau, china. | 2017 | 28860251 |
| assessing transhumance corridors on high mountain environments by least cost path analysis: the case of yak herds in gilgit-baltistan, pakistan. | mountain environments in the world host highly specialized flora and fauna which are vulnerable because of land use and climate change. transhumance and other land use traditional practices are present in most of the mountains of the world, and management tools able to cope with new socioeconomic settings and environmental changes are urgently needed. during past centuries, yak (bos grunniens) herding in northern pakistan involved the migration of herds to high mountain international rangelands, ... | 2017 | 28884253 |
| prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and integron gene cassettes in escherichia coli isolated from yaks (poephagus grunniens) in aba tibetan autonomous prefecture, china. | escherichia coli (e. coli) is one of the most relevant opportunistic pathogenic bacteria as it may cause severe morbidity and mortality in yaks (poephagus grunniens). in recent years, several kinds of antibiotics have been widely used in tibetan areas to treat the bacterial diseases, resulting in serious repercussions on the bacterial antibiotic resistance in yaks. this investigation was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and integron gene cassettes in e. ... | 2017 | 28888884 |
| detomidine and butorphanol for standing sedation in a range of zoo-kept ungulate species. | general anesthesia poses risks for larger zoo species, like cardiorespiratory depression, myopathy, and hyperthermia. in ruminants, ruminal bloat and regurgitation of rumen contents with potential aspiration pneumonia are added risks. thus, the use of sedation to perform minor procedures is justified in zoo animals. a combination of detomidine and butorphanol has been routinely used in domestic animals. this drug combination, administered by remote intramuscular injection, can also be applied fo ... | 2017 | 28920785 |
| selenium supplementation during in vitro maturation enhances meiosis and developmental capacity of yak oocytes. | the objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of selenium (se) supplementation during in vitro maturation (ivm) on the developmental capacity of yak (bos grunniens) oocytes. nuclear maturation, dna integrity, glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activity, subsequent embryonic development, and gene expression after in vitro fertilization (ivf) were evaluated. the se concentrations in yak plasma and follicular fluid were 0.142 and 0.069 μg/ml, respectively. the dna damage in cumul ... | 2018 | 29034614 |
| enterococcus wangshanyuanii sp. nov., isolated from faeces of yaks (bos grunniens). | the taxonomic position of four phenotypically closely related strains isolated from faecal samples of yaks (bos grunniens) collected from the qinghai-tibetan plateau, china, was determined by a polyphasic approach. the strains were non-spore-forming, non-motile gram-stain-positive, ovoid cocci, occurring predominantly in pairs and short chains or in irregular clusters. the 16s rrna gene of strain mn05t was related phylogenetically to those of enterococcushaemoperoxidus, enterococcusrotai, entero ... | 2017 | 29072561 |
| comparison of nitrogen utilization and urea kinetics between yaks (bos grunniens) and indigenous cattle (bos taurus). | under traditional management on the qinghai-tibetan plateau, yaks () graze only on natural pasture without supplements and are forced to cope with sparse forage of low n content, especially in winter. in contrast, indigenous tibetan yellow cattle () require supplements during the cold season. we hypothesized that, in response to harsh conditions, yaks cope with low n intakes better than cattle. to test this hypothesis, a study of whole-body n retention and urea kinetics was conducted in 2 concur ... | 2017 | 29108052 |
| molecular epidemiology and characterization of bovine leukemia virus in domestic yaks (bos grunniens) on the qinghai-tibet plateau, china. | bovine leukemia virus (blv) is a member of the genus deltaretrovirus of the family retroviridae and cause a chronic lymphosarcoma, which is extensive in cattle. in yaks (bos grunniens), the distribution, strains and genetic characteristics of blv have rarely been studied. the aim of our study was to investigate blv infections in domestic yaks and determine the genetic variability of blv circulating in a region of the qinghai tibet plateau, china. blood samples were collected from 798 yaks, which ... | 2017 | 29224130 |
| age-related changes in the morphology and the distribution of iga and igg in the palatine tonsils of yaks (bos grunniens). | this study aimed to describe the age-related morphological changes and the distribution of iga and igg antibody-secreting cells (ascs) in yaks. the palatine tonsils of twenty clinically healthy yaks, viz. newborn juvenile, adult and aged, were studied using histology, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the results showed that the palatine tonsils found in two tonsillar sinus were elongated kidney-shaped structures. some external crypts and internal crypts were p ... | 2017 | 29239471 |
| effects of zinc supplementation during in vitro maturation on meiotic maturation of oocytes and developmental capacity in yak. | zinc (zn) is an essential trace element that is required during mammalian developmental processes. the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of zn supplementation during in vitro maturation (ivm) on the developmental capacity of yak (bos grunniens) oocytes. cumulus expansion, nuclear maturation, intracellular glutathione (gsh), reactive oxygen species (ros) levels, superoxide dismutase (sod) activity, subsequent embryonic development, and the expression of zn transporters (znts) ... | 2017 | 29247445 |
| highly conserved keratin-associated protein 7-1 gene in yak, taurine and zebu cattle. | keratin-associated proteins (krtaps) play a critical role in cross-linking the keratin intermediate filaments to build a hair shaft. the genetic polymorphisms of the bovine krtap7-1 gene were investigated for the first time in this study. the complete coding sequence of the krtap7-1 gene in 108 domestic yak, taurine and zebu cattle from china and indonesia were successfully amplified using polymerase chain reaction and then directly sequenced. only two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (one nonsyn ... | 2017 | 29256856 |
| transcriptome profile and unique genetic evolution of positively selected genes in yak lungs. | the yak (bos grunniens), which is a unique bovine breed that is distributed mainly in the qinghai-tibetan plateau, is considered a good model for studying plateau adaptability in mammals. the lungs are important functional organs that enable animals to adapt to their external environment. however, the genetic mechanism underlying the adaptability of yak lungs to harsh plateau environments remains unknown. to explore the unique evolutionary process and genetic mechanism of yak adaptation to plate ... | 2017 | 29285685 |
| genetic diversity, molecular phylogeny and selection evidence of jinchuan yak revealed by whole-genome resequencing. | jinchuan yak, a newly discovered yak breed, not only possesses a large proportion of multi-ribs but also exhibits many good characteristics, such as high meat production, milk yield and reproductive performance. however, information about their overall genetic structure, relationship with yaks in other areas, and possible origins and evolutionary processes is limited. in this study, 7,693,689 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified by resequencing the genome of jinchuan yak. ... | 2018 | 29339406 |
| microrna-200a regulates adipocyte differentiation in the domestic yak bos grunniens. | the domestic yak (bos grunniens) is a culturally important animal that lives at high altitude and is farmed by tibetan herders for its meat, milk, and other animal by-products. within the animal, adipose tissue is an important store and source of energy and is used to maintain adequate body temperature during the extended cold seasons. exploring the biomolecular role of micrornas (mirnas) in the regulation of growth, development, and metabolism of yak adipocytes may provide valuable insights int ... | 2018 | 29374521 |
| characterization of enterococcus faecalis jf85 and enterococcus faecium y83 isolated from tibetan yak (bos grunniens) for ensiling pennisetum sinese. | two bacteria strains with cellulolytic potential isolated from tibetan yak (bos grunniens) rumen were identified as enterococcus faecalis (jf85) and enterococcus faecium (y83). isolates grow well within a range of temperature 15 to 55 °c and ph 3.0-7.0, respectively. two strains were inoculated with or without lactobacillus plantarum (lp) to pennisetum sinese silage for 90 days. all inoculants increased lactic acid content, decreased ph and lignocellulose contents compared with silage without ad ... | 2018 | 29486409 |
| aspiration pneumonia in two tibetan yak bulls ( bos grunniens) as a complication of ketamine-xylazine-butorphanol anesthesia for recumbent castration. | among members of the genus bos, aspiration pneumonia has been described in domestic cattle ( bos taurus and bos indicus). in these species, aspiration pneumonia is most commonly a sequelae to oral administration of fluids or medications, as well as aspiration during procedures under anesthesia. management of aspiration pneumonia secondary to complications from anesthesia for short duration surgical procedures is minimally reported in the tibetan yak ( bos grunniens). although regurgitation under ... | 2018 | 29517446 |
| characterization of transcriptional complexity during pre-implantation development of the yak (bos grunniens) using rna-seq. | the objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism that regulates pre-implantation development of the yak (bos grunniens). we determined the transcriptomes of in vitro-produced yak embryos at two-cell, four-cell, eight-cell stages, and morula and blastocyst using the illumina rna-seq for the first time. we obtained 47.36-50.86 million clean reads for each stage, of which, 85.65%-90.02% reads were covered in the reference genome. a total of 17,368 genes were expressed during the two-cel ... | 2018 | 29582471 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. and giardia duodenalis in 1-2-month-old highland yaks in qinghai province, china. | cryptosporidium and giardia are ubiquitous parasites that infect humans and animals. few reports are available on the prevalence of these two protozoan parasites in yaks (bos grunniens). in this study, 344 faecal samples were collected from yaks with diarrhoea in the chenduo and nangqian counties of qinghai province, china. cryptosporidium spp. and giardia duodenalis were detected by light and immunofluorescence microscopy and nested pcr (npcr). fifteen samples were positive (4.5%) by kinyoun st ... | 2018 | 29680940 |
| isolation and characterization of spermatogenic cells from cattle, yak and cattleyak. | cattleyak forms the first generation in the cross-breeding of cattle (bos taurus) and yak (bos grunniens), the purpose of which is to increase the yak's performance in meat and milk production. the female cattleyak is fertile while the male remains sterile due to spermatogenic arrest. the spermatogenic cells (including spermatogonia and spermatocytes) of cattle, yak and cattleyak have not been successfully isolated so far. in this work, spermatogenic cells were isolated from these bovid species ... | 2018 | 29685708 |
| effects of estradiol and progesterone on secretion of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 in cultured yak endometrial epithelial cells. | we isolated and purified yak (bos grunniens) endometrial epithelial cells and assayed different concentrations of estradiol (e2) and progesterone (p4) with respect to secretion of epidermal growth factor (egf) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1). uterine epithelia were confirmed with feulgen staining, karyotype analysis, and immunohistochemistry. then, cells were treated with e2 and p4 and cultured in serum-free medium for 24 h. egf and igf-1 were measured with immunofluorescence, real-time ... | 2018 | 29857825 |
| cryosurvival and pregnancy rates: one-step protocol for freezing-thawing shangri-la yak (bos grunniens) embryos. | the yak is one of the most important and economically useful animals for highlanders. the decline in the yak population requires effective measures for the conservation and multiplication of elite germplasm. a standardized protocol will simplify the freezing and warming of yak embryos in straw and facilitate embryo transfer. in this work, we investigated a one-step protocol that uses a stable basal medium, which comprised a warming medium (1.08 m sucrose) and a freezing medium (efs40). we also a ... | 2018 | 29962058 |
| comparison of histological characteristics and expression of cd3 and cd79a among the hemal nodes, lymph nodes and spleens of yaks (bos grunniens). | this experiment compared the histological characteristics and distribution of cd3 and cd79a among yak lymph nodes, hemal nodes and spleen. the three organs from ten clinically healthy newborn and adult yaks were studied using histology and immunohistochemistry. the yak hemal nodes, which consisted of blood sinuses, lymphoid follicles, diffuse lymphoid tissue and lymphoid cords, appeared to share the histological characteristics of the spleen and lymph nodes: the lymphoid follicles of the hemal n ... | 2019 | 30024020 |
| comparative itraq proteomics revealed proteins associated with horn development in yak. | the practice of dehorning yak raises animal safety concerns, which have been addressed by selective breeding to obtain genetically hornless yak. the polled locus in yak has been studied extensively; however, little is known regarding the proteins that regulate horn bud development. | 2018 | 30061793 |
| accumulation of deleterious mutations in the domestic yak genome. | deleterious mutations play an important functional role, affecting trait phenotypes in ways that decrease the fitness of organisms. estimating the frequency of occurrence and abundance has been a topic of much interest, especially in crops and livestock. the processes of domestication and breeding allow deleterious mutations to persist at high frequency, and identifying such deleterious mutations is particularly important for breed improvement. here, we assessed genome-wide patterns of deleterio ... | 2018 | 30062694 |
| survivin expression and localization in different organs of yaks (bos grunniens). | yaks (bos grunniens) have special physiological structures that help them adapt to high-altitude environments. survivin is actively studied in cancer tissues, but less in normal tissues. therefore, the aim of the present study was to analysis the relationship between survivin expression and apoptosis rate in yaks. a partial gene sequence of survivin was cloned and characterized using bioinformatics. the expression of survivin was investigated using real-time quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) and wester ... | 2018 | 30077795 |
| copy number variations of klf6 modulate gene transcription and growth traits in chinese datong yak (bos grunniens). | copy number variation (cnv) is a significant marker of the genetic and phenotypic diversity among individuals that accounts for complex quantitative traits of phenotype and diseases via modulating gene dosage and disrupting coding regions in the genome. biochemically, kruppel-like factor 6 (klf6) genes plays a significant role in the regulation of cell differentiation and proliferation and muscle development. the aim of this study was to detect the distributions of klf6 copy number variations (c ... | 2018 | 30134528 |
| molecular cloning and expression of ghrelin in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gastrointestinal tract axis of the yak (bos grunniens) in the qinghai-tibetan plateau. | ghrelin is a very important brain-gut peptide that modulates appetite and energy metabolism in mammals. the yak is the only large mammal that can adapt to the cold temperatures and hypoxia conditions present in the qinghai-tibet plateau. however, there are no reports on ghrelin molecular characterization and expression in the hypothalamus-pituitary-digestive tract axis of the yak to date. in this study, the coding region sequence of the yak ghrelin, containing a complete orf (351) encoding for 1 ... | 2018 | 30178622 |
| identification and diversity of y-chromosome haplotypes in qinghai yak populations. | the aim of the present study was to perform a preliminary analysis of the characterization and diversity of y-chromosome haplotypes/haplogroups in yak of qinghai province, china. a total of 322 male yaks from nine populations belonging to three officially recognized breeds (gaoyuan, huanhu and datong) were sampled. animals were genotyped using six previously reported y-snps present in the sry, usp9y, uty, amely and ofd1y genes and four new y-snps in the ofd1y gene (g.569a>c, g.578a>c, g.608g>t a ... | 2018 | 30229981 |
| seasonal changes of rumen and intestine morphology of the qinghai yak (bos grunniens). | the aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of seasonal changes in grass quality on the ruminal and intestinal morphology of male qinghai yaks. | 2018 | 30250374 |
| short communication: characterization of gene expression profiles related to yak milk protein synthesis during the lactation cycle. | this research assessed the gene expression patterns related to the synthesis of milk in yak, which is characterized by high fat and protein content but low yield. the yak (bos grunniens) is one of the most crucial domestic animals in tibetan life; however, the genetic and molecular factors underlying yak milk protein synthesis remain understudied. yak mammary biopsies harvested during late-pregnancy (d -15) through the end of subsequent lactation (d 1, 15, 30, 60, 180, and 240) were used to eval ... | 2018 | 30268611 |
| immunoexpression of aquaporins 1, 2, 3 and 4 in kidney of yak (bos grunniens) on the qinghai-tibetan plateau. | aquaporins (aqp) 1, 2, 3 and 4 belong to the aquaporin water channel family and play an important role in urine concentration by reabsorption of water from renal tubule fluid. renal aqps have not been reported in the yak (bos grunniens), which resides in the qinghai tibetan plateau. we investigated aqps 1-4 expressions in the kidneys of yak using immunohistochemical staining. aqp1 was expressed mainly in the basolateral and apical membranes of the proximal tubules and descending thin limb of the ... | 2019 | 30328721 |
| large-scale production of yak (bos grunniens) chymosin a in pichia pastoris. | milk-clotting enzymes used in the dairy industry can be obtained from different sources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. recombinant chymosin is the best alternative for the dairy industry due to the differences in physicochemical properties of coagulating enzymes and scarcity of chymosin from animal sources. in this study, glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms of yak chymosin were extracellularly produced in a methylotrophic yeast, komagataella phaffii (pichia pastoris). synthetic ... | 2019 | 30336214 |
| evaluation of the economic impact of brucellosis in domestic yaks of tibet. | brucellosis is considered as an endemic disease in yaks (bos grunniens) in china, but few economic analyses describing the cost of the disease and potential benefits of control have been reported. the aim of the study was to estimate the economic cost of brucellosis in yaks and the economic value of three control strategies: (a) vaccination; (b) test-and-slaughter; and (c) a combination of vaccination and test-and-slaughter programs in damxung and maizhokunggar counties and pali township of yado ... | 2019 | 30365244 |
| yak (bos grunniens) tonsils: morphological description and expression of iga and igg. | this study aimed to describe the morphology, expression of iga and igg in adult yak tonsils. the 12 clinically healthy yak tonsils [3- to 6-year old, n = 12] were examined for morphology using light, and transmission electron microscopes. expression of iga and igg was measured by qrt-pcr, elisa, and immunohistochemistry. the results showed that the palatine tonsil, the tonsil of the soft palate, and the lingual tonsil were oropharyngeal tonsils. the stratified squamous epithelia covering them ha ... | 2019 | 30365245 |
| population genetic variations of the mmp3 gene revealed hypoxia adaptation in domesticated yaks (bos grunniens). | as an iconic symbol of qinghai-tibetan plateau and of high altitude, yak is subjected to hypoxic conditions that challenge aerobic metabolism. matrix metalloproteinases-3 (mmp3) is assumed to be a key target gene of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (hif-1α) that function as a master regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia. therefore, the aim of this investigation was to identify the dna polymorphism of mmp3 gene in domestic yak and to explore its possible association with high-altitude adaptati ... | 2018 | 30381735 |
| ruptured hepatic artery aneurysm in a domestic yak. | a 19.5-y-old, male domestic yak ( bos grunniens) with a history of sudden unexpected death was submitted for autopsy. the yak had hemoabdomen, and a large blood clot was attached to the liver and forestomachs. the hepatic artery had a saccular aneurysm with a 1-cm tear. the arterial wall at the site of the rupture was thin, and the luminal surface was roughened with yellow streaks. the arterial wall adjacent to the rupture was thickened, white, firm, and less elastic than normal arterial walls. ... | 2019 | 30387706 |
| comprehensive analysis of the mitochondrial dna diversity in chinese cattle. | complete mitochondrial dna d-loop sequences of 1105 individuals were used to assess the diversity of maternal lineages of cattle populations in china. in total, 250 taurine and 88 zebu haplotypes were identified. five main haplogroups-t1a, t2, t3, t4 and t5-were identified in bos taurus, whereas bos indicus harbored two haplogroups-i1 and i2. our results suggest that the distribution of t1a in asia was concentrated mainly in the northeast region (northeast china, korea and japan); haplogroups t2 ... | 2019 | 30421479 |
| chuzan virus in yaks, qinghai-tibetan plateau, china. | we detected chuzan virus (chuv) in domestic yaks from the qinghai-tibetan plateau, western china, indicating chuv probably has been transmitted to yaks in recent years. awareness for chuv surveillance and transmission and livestock health management in these special regions should be raised to avoid outbreaks and animal loss. | 2018 | 30457543 |
| evaluation of 17 microsatellite markers for parentage testing and individual identification of domestic yak (bos grunniens). | yak (bos grunniens) is the most important domestic animal for people living at high altitudes. yak ordinarily feed by grazing, and this behavior impacts the accuracy of the pedigree record because it is difficult to control mating in grazing yak. this study aimed to evaluate the pedigree system and individual identification in polled yak. | 2018 | 30473935 |
| the transcriptomic landscape of yaks reveals molecular pathways for high altitude adaptation. | yak is one of the largest native mammalian species at the himalayas, the highest plateau area in the world with an average elevation of >4,000 m above the sea level. yak is well adapted to high altitude environment with a set of physiological features for a more efficient blood flow for oxygen delivery under hypobaric hypoxia. yet, the genetic mechanism underlying its adaptation remains elusive. we conducted a cross-tissue, cross-altitude, and cross-species study to characterize the transcriptom ... | 2019 | 30517636 |
| transcriptomic analysis reveals that enterovirus f strain swun-ab001 infection activates jnk/sapk and p38 mapk signaling pathways in mdbk cells. | enteroviruses (picornaviridae family) have been widely detected in the feces from cattle with diarrhea. however, the mechanisms responsible for the pathogenicity of enteroviruses in cattle remain unclear. recently, we isolated a novel ev-f7 strain called swun-ab001 from diarrheal yak (bos grunniens) feces. to explore the pathogenic mechanisms of this novel virus, we used a transcriptomics approach to find genes with differential expression patterns in madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells durin ... | 2018 | 30545363 |
| age-related changes in the morphology and the distribution of iga and igg in the pharyngeal tonsils of yaks (bos grunniens). | to evaluate age-related changes in the morphology as well as the expression and localization of iga and igg in yak pharyngeal tonsils, 20 healthy yaks were divided into four age groups [newborn (1-7 days old), juvenile (5-7 months old), adult (3-6 years old) and old (7-10 years old)]. morphologic characteristics were observed by histological techniques. the expression and localization of iga and igg in pharyngeal tonsils were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunohistoc ... | 2019 | 30570168 |
| growth performance and meat quality evaluations in three-way cross cattle developed for the tibetan plateau and their molecular understanding by integrative omics analysis. | despite of favorable characteristics of high protein, low fat, and free-pollution, yak meat has intrinsically poor performance in tenderness and color, which is ever challenging yak sector. to this end, a three-way cross system was first developed for high quality beef of the tibetan plateau using angus cattle ( bos taurus) as terminal sire to mate with 1/2 yak (f1) generated from♂qaidam cattle ( bos taurus) × ♀yak ( bos grunniens). the withers height, chest girth, and body weight of 1/4 yak (f2 ... | 2019 | 30596412 |
| proteomic analysis of tianzhu white yak (bos grunniens) testis at different sexual developmental stages. | to explore the protein expression profiles of white yak (bos grunniens) testis at different sexual developmental stages. the protein profiles of yak testis were determined using two-dimensional electrophoresis and the expression levels of 298 protein spots were analyzed. mass spectrometry was performed to identify those significantly differential expressed proteins; western blotting was used to confirm the results. during the developmental stages, 29 protein spots showed more than twofold differ ... | 2019 | 30628143 |
| genomic copy number variation of the chkb gene alters gene expression and affects growth traits of chinese domestic yak (bos grunniens) breeds. | copy number variation (cnv) influences the mrna transcription levels and phenotypic traits through gene dosage, position effects, alteration of downstream pathways, and modulation of the structure and position of chromosomes. a previous study using the read depth approach to genome resequencing analysis revealed cnvs of the choline kinase beta (chkb) gene in the copy number variable regions (cnvrs) of yak breeds may influence muscle development and therefore the phenotypic traits of yak breeds. ... | 2019 | 30635784 |
| a global analysis of cnvs in diverse yak populations using whole-genome resequencing. | genomic structural variation represents a source for genetic and phenotypic variation, which may be subject to selection during the environmental adaptation and population differentiation. here, we described a genome-wide analysis of copy number variations (cnvs) in 16 populations of yak based on genome resequencing data and cnv-based cluster analyses of these populations. | 2019 | 30658572 |
| dietary energy levels affect growth performance through growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 in yak (bos grunniens). | the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary energy levels on serum concentrations of growth hormone (gh) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1), as well as gene expression of their associated binding proteins and receptors in yak. fifteen adult male yaks with bw of 276.1 ± 3.5 kg were allotted in three dietary groups and were fed with low (le), medium (me), and high energy (he) level diet having different neg of 5.5 mj/kg, 6.2 mj/kg, 6.9 mj/kg, respectively. ... | 2019 | 30696034 |
| tissue expression and variation of the dgat2 gene and its effect on carcass and meat quality traits in yak. | diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (dgat2) plays a key role in the synthesis of animal triglycerides (tgs). this study investigated the relative expression of the dgat2 gene in tissues, variation in the gene, and its association with carcass and meat quality traits in yaks (bos grunniens). dgat2 was found to be expressed in twelve tissues investigated, but the highest expression was detected in subcutaneous fat, and moderate levels were observed in the liver, heart, longissimus dorsi muscle, and a ... | 2019 | 30769898 |
| sarcosporidiosis: an emerging disease in yaks (bos grunniens) on the qinghai tibetan plateau (qtp), china. | sarcocystosis is a worldwide distributed parasitic zoonosis. however, scarce knowledge is available about the infection of sarcocystosis in yaks. | 2019 | 30778839 |
| characterization of yak common biofluids metabolome by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic profiles of yak (bos grunniens) serum, feces, and urine by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹h-nmr), to serve as a reference guide for the healthy yak milieu. a total of 108 metabolites, giving information about diet, protein digestion, and energy generation or gut-microbial co-metabolism, were assigned across the three biological matrices. a core metabolome of 15 metabolites was ubiquitous across all biofluids. lactate, acetate, and cr ... | 2019 | 30832316 |
| molecular typing of cryptosporidium species identified in fecal samples of yaks ( bos grunniens) of qinghai province, china. | the frequency of cryptosporidium infection in yaks from qinghai province, people's republic of china, was determined from examination of 1,027 fecal samples collected from 979 adult yaks and 48 yak calves during 4 seasons from 7 geographic areas within the province. pcr amplification of extracted dna was used to characterize the different species of cryptosporidium oocysts isolated by fecal examination. twenty-six (2.53%) positive samples were identified and successfully sequenced: 17 cryptospor ... | 2019 | 30835169 |
| first detection of bovine coronavirus in yak (bos grunniens) and a bovine coronavirus genome with a recombinant he gene. | the yak (bosgrunniens) is a unique domestic bovine species that plays an indispensable role for herdsmen in the qinghai-tibet plateau. here, 336 diarrhoeic samples were collected from yaks on 29 farms in the qinghai-tibet plateau from 2015 to 2017. approximately 69.05 % (232/336) of the diarrhoeic samples were assessed as bovine coronavirus (bcov)-positive by rt-pcr assay, and most of the detected strains showed a unique evolution based on 40 spike (s), nucleocapsid (n) and haemagglutinin-estera ... | 2019 | 30932810 |
| adaptive response of reproduction to high-altitude hypoxic stress by altering mrna expression of hypoxia-inducible factors in female yaks (bos grunniens). | hypoxia-inducible factors (hifs) are oxygen-dependent transcriptional activators, but there is little information about their role in yak (bos grunniens) reproduction. the present study, for the first time, investigated the adaptive mechanism of yak reproduction to high-altitude hypoxic stress by comparing the expression of hif mrnas between female yaks at high-altitude and cattle at low-altitude. hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, oviduct, ovary and uterus tissue samples were collected from five ... | 2020 | 30950319 |
| skeletal muscle proteome analysis provides insights on high altitude adaptation of yaks. | the differences in proteome profile of longissimus thoracis (lt) muscles of yak (bos grunniens) and cattle (bos taurus) were investigated employing isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (itraq) approach to identify differentially expressed proteins and to understand the cellular level adaptations of yaks to high altitudes. fifty-two proteins were differentially expressed in the two species, among which 20 were up-regulated and 32 were down-regulated in yaks. gene ontology (go) an ... | 2019 | 30982215 |
| rumen parameters of yaks (bos grunniens) and indigenous cattle (bos taurus) grazing on the qinghai-tibetan plateau. | yaks and indigenous qaidam cattle and cattle-yak crosses (c × y) graze on the qinghai-tibetan plateau (qtp) throughout the year, but yaks are raised at higher elevations than cattle. yaks do not receive supplementary feed whereas cattle require supplementary feed during harsh winter. we hypothesized that yaks would cope with the severe conditions of the qtp better than cattle and utilize the pasture more efficiently. we also hypothesized that differences between species would be pronounced in wi ... | 2019 | 30985029 |
| first genotyping of blastocystis in yaks from qinghai province, northwestern china. | blastocystis is a common protist that can infect domestic and wild animals worldwide. yak (bos grunniens), an ancient species which can survive in alpine regions, has supplied necessities to local residents in plateau areas for generations. however, the infections with blastocystis in yaks has been ignored for a long time. in the present study, the infections and genotypes of blastocystis spp. in domestic yaks from qinghai province (northwestern china) were explored. | 2019 | 30992082 |
| whole-genome analysis identifying candidate genes of altitude adaptive ecological thresholds in yak populations. | the domestic yak (bos grunniens) is an iconic symbol of animal husbandry on the qinghai-tibet plateau. long-term domestication and natural selection have led to a wide distribution of yak, forming many ecological populations to adapt to the local ecological environment. high altitude is closely related to oxygen density, and it is an important environmental ecological factor for biological survival and livestock production. the aim of the present study was to perform a preliminary analysis to id ... | 2019 | 31062447 |
| comparison of y-chromosome-linked tspy, tspy2, and pramey genes in taurus cattle, yaks, and interspecific hybrid bulls. | domestic yaks (bos grunniens) and domestic taurus cattle (bos taurus) are closely related. an interesting phenomenon in interspecific crossings is male sterility in the f1 hybrid (yattle) and f2 backcross, with no late meiotic cells or spermatids in the seminiferous tubules. the mammalian y chromosome is crucial for spermatogenesis and male fertility. this study investigated the copy number variations and mrna of y-transitional region genes tspy2 (testis specific protein, y-linked 2 and testis-s ... | 2019 | 31103297 |
| haematobia irritans parasitism of f1 yak × beef cattle (bos grunniens × bos taurus) hybrids. | the horn fly haematobia irritans (diptera: muscidae) is a blood obligate ectoparasite of bovids that causes annual losses to the u.s. beef cattle industry of over us$1.75 billion. climate warming, the anthropogenic dispersion of bovids and the cross-breeding of beef cattle with other bovid species may facilitate novel horn fly-host interactions. in particular, hybridizing yaks [bos grunniens (artiodactyla: bovidae)] with beef cows (bos taurus) for heterosis and carcass improvements may increase ... | 2019 | 31106462 |
| expression analysis of izumo1 gene during testicular development of datong yak (bos grunniens). | the izumo1 gene has promising benefits for the national development of novel non-hormonal contraceptives and in the treatments of fertility. understanding the function of izumo1, its mrna, and protein expression is critical to gain insight into spermatogenesis and promote sperm-egg fusion during reproduction of datong yak. therefore, we estimated the izumo1 gene expression in different ages of datong yak by using semi quantitative pcr, qpcr, and western blotting. the results of the qpcr, semi-qu ... | 2019 | 31146500 |
| identification and expression profiling of msy genes of yak for bull fertility. | yak (bos grunniens) is a unique bovine species and considered as lifeline of highlanders. the male subfertility in yak is a matter of concern that causes huge economic loses. the spermatogenesis and male reproduction machinery are critically governed by y-linked genes which tend to acquire necessary information in the course of evolution. the y-linked fertility genes are present in multiple copies with testis-limited expression. to understand this novel complexity, 12 male-specific region of y c ... | 2019 | 31204701 |
| analysis of hematological traits in polled yak by genome-wide association studies using individual snps and haplotypes. | yak (bos grunniens) is an important domestic animal living in high-altitude plateaus. due to inadequate disease prevention, each year, the yak industry suffers significant economic losses. the identification of causal genes that affect blood- and immunity-related cells could provide preliminary reference guidelines for the prevention of diseases in the population of yaks. the genome-wide association studies (gwass) utilizing a single-marker or haplotype method were employed to analyze 15 hematol ... | 2019 | 31212963 |
| screening for signatures of selection of tianzhu white yak using genome-wide re-sequencing. | the tianzhu white yak, a domestic yak indigenous to the qilian mountains, migrated inland from the qinghai-tibet plateau. specific ecological and long-term artificial selection influenced the evolution of its pure white coat and physiological characteristics. therefore, it is not only a natural population that represents a genomic selective region of environmental adaptability but is also an animal model for studying the pigmentation of the yak coat. a total of 24 261 829 variants, including 22 ... | 2019 | 31246332 |
| accurate determination of volatile-flavor components in bos grunniens milk by high-throughput dynamic headspace gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry. | a dynamic headspace (dhs) with dvb/car/pdms trapping materials was coupled to a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the separation and identification of volatile-flavor compounds in bos grunniens (yak) milk. the principal components analysis coupled with response surface methodology optimized the main variables of the device (10 g sample quality, 5 min desorption time, 3.0 g adding sodium chloride, 72 °c extraction temperature, 28 min pre-equilibrium time and 86 min extraction time). total ... | 2019 | 31272730 |
| gene expression dynamics during the gonocyte to spermatogonia transition and spermatogenesis in the domestic yak. | spermatogenesis is a cellular differentiation process that includes three major events: mitosis of spermatogonia, meiosis of spermatocytes and spermiogenesis. steady-state spermatogenesis relies on functions of spermatogonial stem cells (sscs). establishing and maintaining a foundational ssc pool is essential for continued spermatogenesis in mammals. currently, our knowledge about ssc and spermatogenesis is severely limited in domestic animals. | 2019 | 31338188 |
| mineral nutritional status of yaks (bos grunniens) grazing on the qinghai-tibetan plateau. | minerals are essentially important for supporting livestock's health, as well as productivity. this study aimed to investigate the mineral status of yaks (bos grunniens) grazing on the qinghai-tibetan plateau (qtp) and the relationship between macro and micro mineral nutrients among soil, forages, and blood in four counties of the qtp. the soil samples (n = 320), forages (n = 320), and blood serum (n = 320) were collected from four randomly selected yak farms in each location during july (warm s ... | 2019 | 31340454 |
| comparing the microbial community in four stomach of dairy cattle, yellow cattle and three yak herds in qinghai-tibetan plateau. | yak (bos grunniens) is an unique ruminant species in the qinghai-tibetan plateau (qtp). the ruminant gastrointestinal tract (git) microbiota is not only associated with the nutrients metabolism, but also contributes to the host's local adaptation. examining the microbiota between cattle and yak in different geography could improve our understanding about the role of microbiota in metabolism and adaptation. to this end, we compared the microbiota in rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum of dairy ... | 2019 | 31354656 |
| variation in the fatty acid synthase gene (fasn) and its association with milk traits in gannan yaks. | fatty acid synthase (fasn) is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of fatty acids (fa) and plays a central role in de novo lipogenesis in mammals. this study was conducted to ascertain the relative level of expression of the fasn gene (fasn) in tissues from the yak (bos grunniens), and to search for variation in two regions of yak fasn using polymerase chain reaction single-stranded conformational polymorphism (pcr-sscp) analyses; it also ascertains whether that variation is associated with yak m ... | 2019 | 31461906 |
| comparison of mrna expression from y-chromosome x-degenerate region genes in taurine cattle, yaks and interspecific hybrid bulls. | the yattle (dzo) is an interspecific hybrid of the taurine cattle (bos taurus) and the domestic yak (bos grunniens). f1 hybrid yattle bulls are sterile due to spermatogenic arrest and have misregulation of spermatogenesis genes in the testes. however, the expression pattern of y chromosome-linked genes in cattle, yaks and yattle testes is still unknown. in this study, we analyzed the mrna expression pattern of 10 genes known to be present as single copies in the x-degenerate region of the bovine ... | 2019 | 31475374 |
| contrasting y-chromosomal lineage distributions in chinese domestic yak. | 2019 | 31476021 |