Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| bluetongue in europe and the role of wildlife in the epidemiology of disease. | the article reviews a current bluetongue (bt) epidemiological situation in europe, bt restricted zones and the role of wild ungulates as a reservoir for bluetongue virus (btv) and its transmission. bt has been eradicated from central and northern europe, however it is still circulating in some regions of southern and south-eastern europe. according to the recent information of the directoriate general for health and consumer affairs (dg sanco) disease caused by btv1 was spreading at the beginnin ... | 2015 | 26172200 |
| effects of grazing and precipitation on herbage biomass, herbage nutritive value, and yak performance in an alpine meadow on the qinghai-tibetan plateau. | the qinghai-tibetan plateau is a very large land unit and an important terrestrial ecosystem within the eurasian continent. because of the harsh climate associated with the high altitude, alpine meadows on the plateau are susceptible to degradation from overgrazing. for this region, and for other alpine meadow pastures internationally, there is a need to define the sustainable stocking rate, to develop sound policy pertaining to future land use. here we report biomass and liveweight gain per ani ... | 2015 | 26039322 |
| first report of babesia bigemina infection in white yaks in china. | white yaks, a unique yak breed and the pearl of the plateau, only live in tianzhu tibetan autonomous county (ttac), gansu province, northwest china, contributing significantly to local economy. however, there was no information on the prevalence of babesia bigemina in white yaks. in this study, a total of 974 serum samples collected from white yaks in ttac were examined for specific antibodies against b. bigemina using a commercially available elisa kit. the overall seroprevalence of b. bigemina ... | 2015 | 25700713 |
| therapeutic effects of lactobacillus casei qian treatment in activated carbon-induced constipated mice. | in the present study, the therapeutic effects of lactobacillus casei qian (lc-qian), the key microorganism in tibetan yak yoghurt, on activated carbon-induced constipation were determined in vivo. icr mice were treated with lc-qian for nine days by oral administration. the body weight, defecation status, gastrointestinal transit and defecation time of mice were assessed, and the serum levels of motilin (mtl), gastrin (gas), endothelin (et), somatostatin (ss), acetylcholinesterase (ache), substan ... | 2015 | 25955533 |
| malignant catarrhal fever: an emerging disease in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer). | within the tribe bovini in the subfamily bovinae, the water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), american bison (bison bison), european bison (bubalus bonasus) and yak (bos grunniens) are recognized as species highly susceptible to malignant catarrhal fever (mcf). in contrast, the lack of reports describing clinical mcf in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) whether free ranging or captive has led to a perception that african buffaloes are resistant to mcf. during the last decade, several cases of mcf i ... | 2015 | 23957274 |
| prevalence of sulfonamide and florfenicol resistance genes in escherichia coli isolated from yaks (bos grunniens) and herdsmen in the tibetan pasture. | to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and prevalence of resistance genes in escherichia coli isolated from yaks (bos grunniens) and herdsmen in nine plateau pastures in tibet, we isolated 184 nonidentical strains of e. coli from yaks and herdsmen. antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 15 antimicrobials was conducted and the prevalence of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, and sul3) and florfenicol resistance genes (flor, cfr, cmla, fexa, pexa, and estdl136) was determin ... | 2015 | 25973625 |
| identification and characterization of chlamydia abortus isolates from yaks in qinghai, china. | recently, the yak population has exhibited reproductive disorders, which are considered to be associated with chlamydia abortus (c. abortus) in qinghai, china. in this study, a total of 9 aborted fetuses (each from a different herd) and 126 vaginal swab samples from the 9 herds were collected and analyzed. c. abortus dna was detected from all of the 9 aborted fetuses and 30 of the 126 vaginal swab samples (23.81%) from yak cows in the selected herds. four c. abortus strains were isolated from em ... | 2015 | 26060818 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of chlamydia abortus infection in free-ranging white yaks in china. | chlamydia is gram-negative obligate bacteria which causes a wide variety of diseases in humans and animals. to date, there are a few reports about the seroprevalence of chlamydia and the risk factors associated with chlamydia infection in yaks in the world. in this study, 974 blood samples were collected from white yaks (bos grunniens) in tianzhu tibetan autonomous county, gansu province, northwest china from june 2013 to april 2014. | 2015 | 25601354 |
| yak whole-genome resequencing reveals domestication signatures and prehistoric population expansions. | yak domestication represents an important episode in the early human occupation of the high-altitude qinghai-tibet plateau (qtp). the precise timing of domestication is debated and little is known about the underlying genetic changes that occurred during the process. here we investigate genome variation of wild and domestic yaks. we detect signals of selection in 209 genes of domestic yaks, several of which relate to behaviour and tameness. we date yak domestication to 7,300 years before present ... | 2015 | 26691338 |
| epigenetic regulation of bovine spermatogenic cell-specific gene boule. | non-primate mammals have two deleted azoospermia (daz) family genes, dazl and boule; genes in this family encode rna-binding proteins essential for male fertility in diverse animals. testicular dazl transcription is regulated by epigenetic factors such as dna methylation. however, nothing is known about the epigenetic regulation of boule. here, we explored the role of dna methylation in the regulation of the bovine boule (bboule) gene. we found that a long cpg island (cgi) in the bboule promoter ... | 2015 | 26030766 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of yak follicular fluid during estrus. | the breeding of yaks is highly seasonal, there are many crucial proteins involved in the reproduction control program, especially in follicular development. in order to isolate differential proteins between mature and immature follicular fluid (ff) of yak, the ff from yak follicles with different sizes were sampled respectively, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) of the proteins was carried out. after silver staining, the image master 2d platinum software was used for protein analysi ... | 2015 | 26954118 |
| comparative screening of single nucleotide polymorphisms in β-casein and κ-casein gene in different livestock breeds of india. | the most polymorphic milk protein gene is β-casein; 13 protein variants are known in cattle. milk protein genetic polymorphism has received considerable research interest in recent years because of possible associations between milk protein and economically important traits in livestock. the present study was undertaken to explore the genetic polymorphisms in exon 7 of β-casein and exon 4 of κ-casein genes in arunachali yaks (bos grunniens), sahiwal (bos indicus) cattle, malpura sheep (ovis arie ... | 2015 | 25905036 |
| effects of different stocking densities on performance and activity of cattle × yak hybrids along a transhumance route in the eastern himalaya. | twelve lactating cattle × yak hybrids (b. taurus × b. grunniens) were investigated on five experimental pastures (sites 1-5), following an up- and downward transhumance route (3,200, 4,000, 4,500, 4,000 and 2,600 m a.s.l.). hybrids were kept in replicated groups of two (low sd) and four animals per paddock (high sd). as a control, yaks (with calves) were included at low sd at sites 2-4. performance was described by body weight, milk yield and composition. herbage samples as selected by the anima ... | 2015 | 26261756 |
| comparison of longissimus dorsi fatty acids profiles in gansu black yak and chinese yellow cattle steers and heifers. | fatty acid (fa) composition of longissimus dorsi intramuscular fat in black yak and chinese yellow cattle were evaluated in 44 black yak and 41 chinese yellow cattle of both genders. interactions of species with gender were observed for total saturated fatty acid (sfa), unsaturated fatty acid (ufa), monounsaturated fatty acid (mufa), polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa), palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, epa, and dha concentrations, as well as pufa/sfa ratio ... | 2015 | 26761841 |
| data from proteomic characterization and comparison of mammalian milk fat globule proteomes by itraq analysis. | milk fat globules memebrane (mfgm)-enriched proteomes from holstein, jersey, yak, buffalo, goat, camel, horse, and human were extracted and identified by an itraq quantification proteomic approach. proteomes data were analyzed by bioinformatic and multivariate statistical analysis and used to present the characteristic traits of the mfgm proteins among the studied mammals. the data of this study are also related to the research article "proteomic characterization and comparison of mammalian milk ... | 2015 | 26217709 |
| methanogen diversity in indigenous and introduced ruminant species on the tibetan plateau. | host factors are regarded as important in shaping the archaeal community in the rumen but few controlled studies have been performed to demonstrate this across host species under the same environmental conditions. a study was designed to investigate the structure of the methanogen community in the rumen of two indigenous (yak and tibetan sheep) and two introduced domestic ruminant (cattle and crossbred sheep) species raised and fed under similar conditions on the high altitude tibetan plateau. t ... | 2016 | 27274707 |
| toward understanding the genetic basis of yak ovary reproduction: a characterization and comparative analyses of estrus ovary transcriptiome in yak and cattle. | yaks (bos grunniens) are endemic species that can adapt well to thin air, cold temperatures, and high altitude. these species can survive in harsh plateau environments and are major source of animal production for local residents, being an important breed in the qinghai-tibet plateau. however, compared with ordinary cattle that live in the plains, yaks generally have lower fertility. investigating the basic physiological molecular features of yak ovary and identifying the biological events under ... | 2016 | 27044040 |
| molecular and phylogenetic characterization of non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains in china. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) causes diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis with life-threatening complications, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome. the aim of this study was to assess the molecular epidemiologic features of non-o157 stec strains from different resources in china and illustrate the role of animal reservoirs or animal-derived foodstuffs in human stec infections. a collection of 301 non-o157 stec isolates from domestic and wild animals (i.e., cattle, goat, pig, yak, pika, ... | 2016 | 27853704 |
| molecular detection and characterization of theileria infection in cattle and yaks from tibet plateau region, china. | theileriosis continues to threaten the livestock industry worldwide, but comprehensive epidemiological surveys for this disease have not been conducted in the tibet plateau region, china. in this study, we screened 154 cattle blood samples from the tibet plateau region (lhasa, lhoka, and tianzhu), china, for detection of theileria pathogens by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with species-specific primers. the results revealed that the prevalence was 6.9 % (2/29) for theileria orientalis and 27.6 ... | 2016 | 27000088 |
| molecular characterization of giardia duodenalis from white yaks in china. | giardia duodenalis is one of the most common enteric parasites of humans and animals, including companion animals, livestock and wildlife. to date, the information about the prevalence and molecular characterization of g. duodenalis infection in white yaks was limited. in the present study, a total of 208 white yak fecal samples were collected from tianzhu tibetan autonomous county (ttac) between september 2013 and march 2014. of the 208 white yak fecal samples, four samples (1.92%, all collecte ... | 2016 | 27078665 |
| animal fascioliasis: perspectives from high altitudinal regions. | the parasitic flukes of the genus fasciola (platyhelminthes: trematoda: digenea) cause fascioliasis or liver-rot disease in ruminant livestock in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. classically, two species of fasciola- f. hepatica and f. gigantica, are universally recognized as taxonomically valid species. our survey studies on ovid and bovid animals including yak and mithun from high altitudinal mountainous regions in northeast india revealed the occurrence of fasciola gigantica an ... | 2016 | 27890078 |
| a colostrum trypsin inhibitor gene expressed in the cape fur seal mammary gland during lactation. | the colostrum trypsin inhibitor (cti) gene and transcript were cloned from the cape fur seal mammary gland and cti identified by in silico analysis of the pacific walrus and polar bear genomes (order carnivora), and in marine and terrestrial mammals of the orders cetartiodactyla (yak, whales, camel) and perissodactyla (white rhinoceros). unexpectedly, weddell seal cti was predicted to be a pseudogene. cape fur seal cti was expressed in the mammary gland of a pregnant multiparous seal, but not in ... | 2016 | 26639991 |
| fiber degradation potential of natural co-cultures of neocallimastix frontalis and methanobrevibacter ruminantium isolated from yaks (bos grunniens) grazing on the qinghai tibetan plateau. | several natural anaerobic fungus-methanogen co-cultures have been isolated from rumen and feces source of herbivores with strong fiber degrading ability. in this study, we isolated 7 neocallimastix with methanogen co-cultures from the rumen of yaks grazing on the qinghai tibetan plateau. based on morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer 1 sequences (its1), all the fungi were identified as neocallimastix frontalis. the co-cultures were confirmed as the one fungus - one methan ... | 2016 | 26979345 |
| isolation, identification and fibrolytic characteristics of rumen fungi grown with indigenous methanogen from yaks (bos grunniens) grazing on the qinghai-tibetan plateau. | to obtain co-cultures of anaerobic fungi and their indigenously associated methanogens from the rumen of yaks grazing on the qinghai-tibetan plateau and investigate their morphology features and ability to degrade lignocellulose. | 2016 | 26910857 |
| paenibacillus bovis sp. nov., isolated from raw yak (bos grunniens) milk. | strain bd3526t, isolated from raw yak milk collected in tibet, china, was studied to determine its taxonomic status. the strain is gram-positive, motile, catalase positive, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. the dna g+c content of the strain is 47.5 mol% and its peptidoglycan contains meso-diaminopimelic acid. the predominant menaquinone is mk-7. the major cellular fatty acids of the strain are anteiso-c15:0, anteiso-c17:0 and c16:0. for 16s rrna sequence, similarities among strain bd3526t and ... | 2016 | 26769366 |
| evaluation of combined b cell specific n-terminal immunogenic domains of lipl21 for diagnosis of leptospirosis. | leptospiral outer membrane protein lipl21 and its truncated n-terminal immunogenic region (i-lipl21) were evaluated for diagnosis of leptospirosis. the complete coding sequence of lipl21 nucleotide sequence was subjected to bcpred and vaxijen analysis for determination of b cell specific immunogenic epitopes. epitope1 acs std tgq kda ttv gdg (1.8837), epitope2 wgg ppe qrn dgk tpr dtn (0.9483), epitope3 vkg vgv yec kat gsg sdp (1.4077) and epitope4 new ecq cvi yak fpg gkd (0.4462) were predicted. ... | 2016 | 27259643 |
| first molecular survey and identification of anaplasma spp. in white yaks (bos grunniens) in china. | anaplasmosis is caused by a group of obligate intracellular bacteria in the genus anaplasma, which are transmitted by ticks and infect humans, domestic animals and wildlife. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of anaplasma spp. in semi-wild white yaks sampled in tianzhu tibetan autonomous county, northwest china. out of 332 samples tested, 35 (10·9%) were positive for anaplasma spp. the positive rates were 6·2% (20/322) and 5·3% (17/322) for anapla ... | 2016 | 27003378 |
| evaluation of suitable internal control genes for rt-qpcr in yak mammary tissue during the lactation cycle. | the yak is primarily found throughout the tibetan high plateau and the surrounding mountainous area of south central asia; among its others attributes, its milk is very important for the local population. a key concern in the field of yak research is the better understanding of which genes control the production and composition of milk. the most accurate and sensitive method for gene expression analysis is quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr). it is essential fo ... | 2016 | 26808329 |
| combining untargeted and targeted proteomic strategies for discrimination and quantification of cashmere fibers. | cashmere is regarded as a specialty and luxury fiber due to its scarcity and high economic value. for fiber quality assessment, it is technically very challenging to distinguish and quantify the cashmere fiber from yak or wool fibers because of their highly similar physical appearance and substantial protein sequence homology. to address this issue, we propose a workflow combining untargeted and targeted proteomics strategies for selecting, verifying and quantifying biomarkers for cashmere texti ... | 2016 | 26789629 |
| genome-wide association study identifies loci for the polled phenotype in yak. | the absence of horns, known as the polled phenotype, is an economically important trait in modern yak husbandry, but the genomic structure and genetic basis of this phenotype have yet to be discovered. here, we conducted a genome-wide association study with a panel of 10 horned and 10 polled yaks using whole genome sequencing. we mapped the polled locus to a 200-kb interval, which comprises three protein-coding genes. further characterization of the candidate region showed recent artificial sele ... | 2016 | 27389700 |
| zinc finger domain of the prdm9 gene on chromosome 1 exhibits high diversity in ruminants but its paralog prdm7 contains multiple disruptive mutations. | prdm9 is the sole hybrid sterility gene identified so far in vertebrates. prdm9 gene encodes a protein with an immensely variable zinc-finger (zf) domain that determines the site of meiotic recombination hotspots genome-wide. in this study, the terminal zf domain of prdm9 on bovine chromosome 1 and its paralog on chromosome 22 were characterized in 225 samples from five ruminant species (cattle, yak, mithun, sheep and goat). we found extraordinary variation in the number of prdm9 zinc fingers (6 ... | 2016 | 27203728 |
| cloning and expression of yak active chymosin in pichia pastoris. | rennet, a complex of enzymes found in the stomachs of ruminants, is an important component for cheese production. in our study, we described that yak chymosin gene recombinant pichia pastoris strain could serve as a novel source for rennet production. yaks total rna was extracted from the abomasum of an unweaned yak. the yak preprochymosin, prochymosin, and chymosin genes from total rna were isolated using gene specific primers based on cattle chymosin gene sequence respectively and analyzed the ... | 2016 | 27004812 |
| screening of probiotic activities of lactobacilli strains isolated from traditional tibetan qula, a raw yak milk cheese. | in this study, 69 lactobacilli isolated from tibetan qula, a raw yak milk cheese, were screened for their potential use as probiotics. the isolates were tested in terms of: their ability to survive at ph 2.0, ph 3.0, and in the presence of 0.3% bile salts; tolerance of simulated gastric and intestinal juices; antimicrobial activity; sensitivity against 11 specific antibiotics; and their cell surface hydrophobicity. the results show that out of the 69 strains, 29 strains (42%) had survival rates ... | 2016 | 26954218 |
| detection of antibodies against bluetongue virus among domestic ruminants in the highlands of nepal. | bluetongue (bt) is one of the most economically important transboundary animal diseases. in recent years, it has been considered a disease related to climate change. a study was undertaken in 2013 in nepal to measure the prevalence of bluetongue virus (btv) infection among domestic ruminants inhabiting the 3 agro-climatic zones with altitudes ranging from 150 to 2,400 metres above sea level. twelve clusters representing the 3 altitudes were selected. the presence of antibodies against btv was de ... | 2016 | 27723042 |
| prevalence of circulating antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1 in yaks (bos grunniens) on the qinghai-tibetan plateau, china. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) causes infections with many clinical signs, including rhinotracheitis, encephalitis, and genital lesions. the virus occurs worldwide in bovines, and in recent years, it has been reported in yaks (bos grunniens) inhabiting the tibetan plateau in china. however, there is little epidemiologic data describing bohv-1 infections in china's yak herds. we conducted a cross-sectional study on the qinghai-tibetan plateau (qtp) in china july 2011-july 2012 to estimate the prev ... | 2016 | 26555106 |
| papillomavirus in yaks: the isolates of bovine papillomavirus type 1 have a high possibility of belonging to a novel type. | although papillomaviruses (pvs) have been widely reported in vertebrates, there have been only a few pv reports in yaks (bos grunniens). in 2012, bam et al. reported bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) and bpv-2 associated with cutaneous papillomatosis in yaks, which provided genomic and pathology information for yak pvs. however, nucleotide identity and phylogenic analyses revealed that there are two isolates with a high possibility of belonging to a novel type that is not bpv-1. the argument ... | 2016 | 26922971 |
| a profile of sphingolipids and related compounds tentatively identified in yak milk. | this work characterized a fraction of constituents in yak milk within the realm of approximately 1,000 to 3,000 da using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (maldi) time-of-flight mass spectrometry. eleven samples of yak milk powder from the sichuan province of china were received by the department of food science, university of wisconsin-madison, and stored at room temperature until analysis. sample preparation involved delipidation and deproteinization of yak milk samples and cold etha ... | 2016 | 27085416 |
| short communication: changes in the composition of yak colostrum during the first week of lactation. | although the great interest has been paid to colostrum utilization for calves, no systematic studies evaluating the compositional changes of yak colostrum during the first week after parturition have been reported. the aim of this study was to elucidate such postpartum nutritional changes. colostrum samples from 12 multiparous (2-7 lactations) yaks, grazed on alpine pasture, were collected at exactly 1, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 h postpartum. gross composition (fat, total solids, protein ... | 2016 | 26547651 |
| comparative testis proteome dataset between cattleyak and yak. | cattleyak are hybrid between cattle and yak, which exhibit equivalent adaptability on the qinghai-tibetan plateau as yak and much higher capability in economic traits. however, the f1 males of cattleyak are infertile due to spermatogenic arrest and this greatly restricts the effective utilization of this hybrid. in this data article, differentially expressed proteins (deps) were identified from testis proteome of cattleyak and yak using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem ... | 2016 | 27366779 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of the qinghai plateau yak bos grunniens (cetartiodactyla: bovidae). | the qinghai plateau yak bos grunniens (cetartiodactyla: bovidae) is an important primitive local breed in the qinghai-tibetan plateau and adjacent regions. in this study, its complete mitochondrial genome sequence has been assembled and characterized from high-throughput illumina sequencing data. this genome is 16 322 bp in length, and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, two rrna genes, and a non-coding d-loop or control region. the nucleotide composition is asymmetric (33.73% a, 25 ... | 2016 | 26478258 |
| the distributions of chinese yak breeds in response to climate change over the past 50 years. | the effects of prior climate change on yak breed distributions are uncertain. here, we measured changes in the distributions of 12 yak breeds over the past 50 years in china and examined whether the changes could be attributed to climate change. long-term records of yak breed distribution, grey relational analysis, fuzzy sets classification techniques and attribution methods were used. over the past 50 years, the distributions of several yak breeds have changed in multiple directions, mainly shi ... | 2016 | 26470629 |
| comparative proteomics of milk fat globule membrane in different species reveals variations in lactation and nutrition. | in present study, 312, 554, 175 and 143 proteins were identified and quantified by label-free quantitative proteomics in human, cow, goat and yak milk fat globule membrane (mfgm), respectively. fifty proteins involved in vesicle mediate transport and milk fat globule secretion were conserved among species. moreover, proteins involved in lipid synthesis and secretion (xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase, stomatin and cd36), showed different expression pattern and the host defense proteins exhibited va ... | 2016 | 26593540 |
| complete mitogenome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of pali yak (bos grunniens). | pali yak is a very important local breed in china; as a year-round grazing animal, it plays a very important role for the economic and native herdsmen. the pali yak complete mitochondrial dna is sequenced in this study, the total length is 16,324 bp, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, 2 rrna genes and a non-coding control region (d-loop region). the order and composition are similar to most of the other vertebrates. the base contents are: 33.72% a, 25.80% c, 13.21% g and 27.27% t ... | 2016 | 27207722 |
| characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of wild yak (bos mutus). | wild yak is a special breed in china and it is regarded as an important genetic resource for sustainably developing the animal husbandry in tibetan area and enriching region's biodiversity. the complete mitochondrial genome of wild yak (16,322 bp in length) displayed 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes and a + t-rich (61.01%), with an overall g + c content of only 38.99%. it contained a non-coding control region (d-loop), 13 protein-coding genes, two rrna genes, and 22 trna genes. most of the ... | 2016 | 27206536 |
| genome-wide patterns of copy number variation in the chinese yak genome. | copy number variation (cnv) represents an important source of genetic divergence that can produce drastic phenotypic differences and may therefore be subject to selection during domestication and environmental adaptation. to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of cnv in the yak genome, we used a read depth approach to detect cnv based on genome resequencing data from 14 wild and 65 domestic yaks and determined cnv regions related to domestication and adaptations to high-altitude. | 2016 | 27206476 |
| the breed and sex effect on the carcass size performance and meat quality of yak in different muscles. | the carcass size performances and the meat quality of gannan and sibu yak were determined using m. supraspinatus (su), m. longissimus thoracis (lt) and m.quadriceps femoris (qf). it is found that sibu yak had significantly higher carcass weight (cw) than gannan yak with difference of nearly 40 kg, as well as significantly higher eye muscle area (ema), carcass thorax depth (ctd), round perimeter (rp), etc. the carcass performances of steer yak were significantly higher than heifer yak except meat ... | 2016 | 27194931 |
| comparative itraq proteomics revealed proteins associated with spermatogenic arrest of cattleyak. | male infertility of cattleyak due to spermatogenic arrest greatly restricts their effective utilization in yak breeding. although much work has been done to investigate the mechanisms of spermatogenic arrest, there is no information regarding the differences of protein composition between cattleyak and yak testis. comparative investigation of testis proteomes between cattleyak and yak using itraq proteomics identified 256 differentially abundant proteins with fold change values higher than ±1.5. ... | 2016 | 27153760 |
| a tremendous expansion of copy number in crossbred bulls ( × ). | crossbreeding between cattle () and yak () exhibits significant hybrid advantages in milk yield and meat production. by contrast, cattle-yak f hybrid bulls are sterile. copy number variations (cnv) of multicopy gene families in male-specific regions of the mammalian y chromosome (msy) affect human and animal fertility. the present study investigated cnv of (), (), (), and () in 5 yak breed bulls ( = 63), cattle-yak f ( = 22) and f ( = 2) hybrid bulls, and chinese yellow (cy) cattle bulls ( = 10) ... | 2016 | 27135999 |
| first detection of ungulate tetraparvovirus 1 (bovine hokovirus 1) in domestic yaks in northwestern china. | we describe the discovery and phylogenetic analysis of ungulate tetraparvovirus 1 (also referred to as bovine hokovirus 1, b-parv4, or partetravirus) in domestic yaks (bos grunniens) in northwestern china. the yak b-parv4 genome was detected in yak blood samples by pcr, using b-parv4 primers corresponding to conserved regions. twenty-two of 370 samples were positive for a b-parv4-related genome sequence, indicating an overall prevalence of 5.95 %. the prevalence in qinghai province (13/195, 6.67 ... | 2016 | 26483281 |
| the use of stereology method to estimate the volume of feto-maternal exchange area of the bovine placentome during gestation. | the functional surface areas of the feto-maternal unit of the bovine placentomes were quantified from day 100 to 260 of gestation by using stereology. this study was achieved using intact placentomes obtained from an abattoir. there was no change in volume and surface densities of binucleate cells, fetal trophoblast, fetal and maternal tissues, and maternal epithelium with gestation age, although the total volume of these components increased with gestation age from day 126 to 260. the total sur ... | 2016 | 27611886 |
| an overview on the organic pollution around the qinghai-tibet plateau: the thought-provoking situation. | the qinghai-tibet plateau plays an important role in the ecological safety and human health of the surroundings due to its unique geographical position and function. therefore, it is necessary to study the pollution status and potential risk in this area. this study summarizes the distribution of different organic pollutants in biota and environmental media of the qinghai-tibet plateau. moreover, it also pays attention to the potential health risks of these organic pollutants. organochlorine pes ... | 2016 | 27692924 |
| differential dna methylation of the meiosis-specific gene fkbp6 in testes of yak and cattle-yak hybrids. | fk506-binding protein 6 (fkbp6) is essential for meiosis during mammalian spermatogenesis. however, the molecular regulation of fkbp6 during spermatogenesis remains unclear. in the present study, we performed molecular characterization of the meiosis-specific gene fkbp6 in yak testes. yak fkbp6 encodes a polypeptide of 295 amino acid residues with an fk506-binding domain (fkbp_c) and three tetratricopeptide repeat domains. the methylation level of the fkbp6 promoter in testes was significantly h ... | 2016 | 27658575 |
| comprehensive investigation of nucleotide diverdity in yaks. | to understand the maternal genetic diversity of tianzhu white yak better, we analyzed mtdna d-loop sequences of 209 tianzhu white yaks, which are from the central region of tianzhu white yak habitat. accordingly, a total of 45 haplotypes were identified in tianzhu white yaks in this study, and 18 of them were unique. the nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity of population studied were 0.024 ± 0.003 and 0.946 ± 0.007 respectively, revealing that tianzhu white yak possess a relatively high ... | 2016 | 27435605 |
| effects of starvation on lipid metabolism and gluconeogenesis in yak. | this research was conducted to investigate the physiological consequences of undernourished yak. twelve maiwa yak (110.3±5.85 kg) were randomly divided into two groups (baseline and starvation group). the yak of baseline group were slaughtered at day 0, while the other group of yak were kept in shed without feed but allowed free access to water, salt and free movement for 9 days. blood samples of the starvation group were collected on day 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9 and the starved yak were slaughtered ... | 2016 | 26954191 |
| cost-effective control strategies for animal and zoonotic diseases in pastoralist populations. | animal diseases and zoonoses abound among pastoralist livestock, which is composed of cattle, sheep, goats, yak, camels, llamas, reindeer, horses and donkeys. there is endemic and, periodically, epidemic transmission of highly contagious viral and bacterial diseases in africa, asia and latin america. pastoralist livestock is often multiparasitised with endo- and ectoparasites, as well as being affected by vectorborne viral and protozoal diseases. pastoral livestock can be a reservoir of such dis ... | 2016 | 27917989 |
| prevalence, associated risk factors, and phylogenetic analysis of toxocara vitulorum infection in yaks on the qinghai tibetan plateau, china. | toxocara vitulorum has been rarely reported in yaks at high altitudes and remote areas of sichuan province of tibetan plateau of china. the current study was designed to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors, and phylogenetic characteristics of t. vitulorum in yak calves on the qinghai tibetan plateau. fecal samples were collected from 891 yak calves and were examined for the presence of t. vitulorum eggs by the mcmaster technique. a multivariable logistic regression model was empl ... | 2016 | 27853122 |
| identification of candidate mirnas and expression profile of yak oocytes before and after in vitro maturation by high-throughput sequencing. | small rna represents several unique non-coding rna classes that have important function in a wide range of biological processes including development of germ cells and early embryonic, cell differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis in diverse organisms. however, little is known about their expression profiles and effects in yak oocytes maturation and early development. to investigate the function of small rnas in the maturation process of yak oocyte and early development, two small rna l ... | 2016 | 27562759 |
| sources of black carbon to the himalayan-tibetan plateau glaciers. | combustion-derived black carbon (bc) aerosols accelerate glacier melting in the himalayas and in tibet (the third pole (tp)), thereby limiting the sustainable freshwater supplies for billions of people. however, the sources of bc reaching the tp remain uncertain, hindering both process understanding and efficient mitigation. here we present the source-diagnostic δ(14)c/δ(13)c compositions of bc isolated from aerosol and snowpit samples in the tp. for the himalayas, we found equal contributions f ... | 2016 | 27552223 |
| cloning of oligopeptide transport carrier pept1 and comparative analysis of pept1 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in response to dietary nitrogen levels in yak () and indigenous cattle () on the qinghai-tibetan plateau. | the gastrointestinal lumen can directly absorb all di- and tripeptide protein degradation products, and oligopeptide absorption depends on the specific peptide transport carriers, which are located in gastrointestinal epithelial cells on the brush border membrane. yak () use n more efficiently than cattle do, which implies that yak have a specific mechanism of nonprotein utilization including a peptide absorption mechanism. however, this mechanism has not been clarified. our objective was to exp ... | 2016 | 27695788 |
| metabolomic biomarkers identify differences in milk produced by holstein cows and other minor dairy animals. | several milk metabolites are associated with breeds or species of dairy animals. a better understanding of milk metabolites from different dairy animals would advance their use in evaluating milk traits and detecting milk adulteration. the objective of this study was to characterize the milk metabolite profiles of chinese holstein, jersey, yak, buffalo, goat, camel, and horse and identify any differences using non-targeted metabolomic approaches. milk samples were tested using nuclear magnetic r ... | 2016 | 26779989 |
| serological survey of avian influenza virus infection in non-avian wildlife in xinjiang, china. | we conducted a serological survey to detect antibodies against avian influenza virus (aiv) in gazella subgutturosa, canis lupus, capreolus pygargus, sus scrofa, cervus elaphus, capra ibex, ovis ammon, bos grunniens and pseudois nayaur in xinjiang, china. two hundred forty-six sera collected from 2009 to 2013 were assayed for antibodies against h5, h7 and h9 aivs using hemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests and a pan-influenza competitive elisa. across all tested wildlife species, 4.47 % harbored ... | 2016 | 26733295 |
| morphological study of the hoof in yak. | the fore- and hindlimb of yak have been studied by the gross anatomical methods and standard histological techniques. the artery of ungula was also determined by x-ray and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene casting. anatomical features of the forelimb of yak resemble those of hindlimb, including hoof periphery, hoof coronal, hoof wall, hoof sole, and hoof sphere. the forelimb and hindlimb are almost the same in histological structure. the epidermis comprised all 5 strata: stratum corneum, stratum l ... | 2016 | 26711656 |
| high milk-clotting activity expressed by the newly isolated paenibacillus spp. strain bd3526. | paenibacillus spp. bd3526, a bacterium exhibiting a protein hydrolysis circle surrounded with an obvious precipitation zone on skim milk agar, was isolated from raw yak (bos grunniens) milk collected in tibet, china. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna and whole genome sequence comparison indicated the isolate belong to the genus paenibacillus. the strain bd3526 demonstrated strong ability to produce protease with milk clotting activity (mca) in wheat bran broth. the protease with mca was pr ... | 2016 | 26771589 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection in yaks (bos grunniens) in northwest china. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), a member of the pestivirus genus, is an important pathogen of cattle worldwide, causing reproductive disorders in adult cattle and mucosal disease in calves. however, limited information about bvdv infection in yaks (bos grunniens) in china is available, especially in white yaks which is a unique yak breed that only lives in tianzhu tibetan autonomous county (ttac), gansu province, northwest china. therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate t ... | 2016 | 27509877 |
| bacterial microbiota compositions of naturally fermented milk are shaped by both geographic origin and sample type. | naturally fermented dairy products contain a rich microbial biodiversity. this study aimed to provide an overview on the bacterial microbiota biodiversity of 85 samples, previously collected across a wide region of china, mongolia, and russia. data from these 85 samples, including 55 yogurts, 18 naturally fermented yak milks, 6 koumisses, and 6 cheeses, were retrieved and collectively analyzed. the most prevalent phyla shared across samples were firmicutes, proteobacteria, bacteroidetes, and act ... | 2016 | 27474988 |
| proteome changes on water-holding capacity of yak longissimus lumborum during postmortem aging. | to study differentially expressed proteins on water-holding capacity (whc) during postmortem aging of longissimus lumborum muscle, samples were classified according to drip loss into high and low drip loss groups. fifty-five proteins were differentially abundant at days 0, 1 and 7 during postmortem aging and identified by maldi tof/tof. the identified proteins can be divided into four main categories: metabolic enzymes, cell structural proteins, stress related proteins and transport proteins. my ... | 2016 | 27448195 |
| sex- and age-dependent expression of pax7, myf 5, myog, and myostatin in yak skeletal muscles. | the aim of this study was to investigate the myogenic factor mrna expression pattern of pax7, myf5, myog, and myostatin mrna at different ages, sexes, and muscle tissues of datong yaks. the expression patterns in semimembranosus (sm), quadriceps femoris (qf), and triceps muscle of arm (tm) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and compared using biostatistics. the results showed that the pax7 gene expression levels were higher in the hindquarters (sm and qf) than in t ... | 2016 | 27420962 |
| four new species of meligethes stephens from china and additional data on other species of the genus (coleoptera: nitidulidae: meligethinae). | four new species of meligethes stephens, 1830, m. (s.str.) macrofemoratus (shaanxi, ningxia), m. (s.str.) yak (nw sichuan), m. (s.str.) auropilosus (tibet) and m. (odontogethes) aurorugosus (tibet) spp. nov., are described and illustrated from china. diagnostic characters distinguishing these new species from closely related taxa are discussed. the previously unknown male of meligethes (s.str.) aureolineatus audisio, sabatelli & jelínek, 2015 from sichuan and the previously unknown female of m. ... | 2016 | 27395211 |
| dna barcoding reveals commercial fraud related to yak jerky sold in china. | 2016 | 26758743 | |
| age-related changes in the morphology and protein expression of the thymus of healthy yaks (bos grunniens). | objective to evaluate age-related changes in the morphology and expression of cluster of differentiation 3 (cd3), s100 β, and caspase-3 of the thymus of healthy yaks (bos grunniens). animals 15 healthy male yaks of various ages from highland plateaus. procedures yaks were allocated to 3 groups on the basis of age (newborn [1 to 7 days old; n = 5], juvenile [5 to 7 months old, 5], and adult [3 to 4 years old; 5]) and euthanized. the thymus was harvested from each yak within 10 minutes after eutha ... | 2016 | 27227493 |
| the aggregation behavior and interactions of yak milk protein under thermal treatment. | the aggregation behavior and interactions of yak milk protein were investigated after heat treatments. skim yak milk was heated at temperatures in the range of 65 to 95°c for 10 min. the results showed that the whey proteins in yak milk were denatured after heat treatment, especially at temperatures higher than 85°c. sodium dodecyl sulfate-page analysis indicated that heat treatment induced milk protein denaturation accompanied with aggregation to a certain extent. when the heating temperature w ... | 2016 | 27209140 |
| convergent evolution of rumen microbiomes in high-altitude mammals. | studies of genetic adaptation, a central focus of evolutionary biology, most often focus on the host's genome and only rarely on its co-evolved microbiome. the qinghai-tibetan plateau (qtp) offers one of the most extreme environments for the survival of human and other mammalian species. yaks (bos grunniens) and tibetan sheep (t-sheep) (ovis aries) have adaptations for living in this harsh high-altitude environment, where nomadic tibetan people keep them primarily for food and livelihood [1]. ad ... | 2016 | 27321997 |
| [lipid composition of different breeds of milk fat globules by confocal raman microscopy]. | different breeds of cows affect the form of fat exist in dairy products and the final functionality, which depended mainly on the composition of the milk fat globules(mfg). however, the relationship between the composition and breeds has not been illuminated. in our study, differences in the lipid content and fatty acid composition of native bovine, buffalo and yak mfg were investigated by confocal raman spectroscopy. the research offers the possibility of acquisition and analysis of the raman s ... | 2016 | 27228754 |
| cloning and expression of cold-inducible rna binding protein in domestic yak (bos grunniens). | cold-inducible rna binding protein (cirp) is over-expressed during cold and many other stresses, and could regulate the adaptation to hypothermia. in the present investigation, the objective was to determine the expression of cirp in adult yak heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, ovary, testis and skin by relative quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), western blot and immunohistochemistry from mrna and protein levels. the cirp open reading frame encoding was cloned fro ... | 2016 | 27830872 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the a rare subspecies of genus bos, tianzhu white yak from tibetan area in china. | the population of domestic yak, tianzhu white yak, from tibetan area in china is considered as a rare bos grunniens species. we first determined and annotated its complete mitochondrial genome. the mitogenome is 16,319 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna (trna) genes, 2 ribosomal rna (rrna) genes and a control region. as in other mammals, most mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand, except for nd6 and eight trna genes, which are encoded on the light ... | 2016 | 25162469 |
| characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of gannan yak (bos grunniens). | gannan yak is the native breed of gansu province in china. in this work, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of gannan yak was determined for the first time. the total length of the mitogenome is 16,322 bp long, with the base composition of 33.74% a, 25.84% t, 13.18% c, and 27.24% g. it contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, two rrna genes and one non-coding region (d-loop region). the gene order of gannan yak mitogenome is identical to that observed in most other vertebrates. ... | 2016 | 24960561 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the datong yak (bos grunniens). | datong yak is a famous artificially cultivated breed in china. in the present work, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of datong yak for the first time. the total length of the mitogenome is 16,323 bp long, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, two rrna genes and one non-coding region (d-loop region). the gene order of datong yak mitogenome is identical to that observed in most other vertebrates. the overall base composition is 33.71% a, 25.8.0% c, 13.21% g and 27. ... | 2016 | 24660922 |
| influence of succinylation on physicochemical property of yak casein micelles. | succinylation is a chemical-modification method that affects the physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of proteins. this study assessed the influence of succinylation on the physicochemical properties of yak casein micelles. the results revealed that surface hydrophobicity indices decreased with succinylation. additionally, denaturation temperature and denaturation enthalpy decreased with increasing succinylation level, except at 82%. the buffering properties of yak casein mi ... | 2016 | 26213046 |
| assessment of serum trace elements in diarrheic yaks (bos grunniens) in hongyuan, china. | diarrhea is one of the main causes of animal deaths especially in neonatal calves. the objective of this study was to investigate the blood serum for cobalt (co), copper (cu), iron (fe), magnesium (mg), manganese (mn), molybdenum (mo), selenium (se), and zinc (zn) concentrations in yak serum samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms) from 35 yaks consisting of 10 healthy and 25 diarrheic ones. our observations indicated that the concentrations of mn, zn, and fe in yak affec ... | 2016 | 26498329 |
| effect of electrical stimulation and hot boning on the eating quality of gannan yak longissimus lumborum. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of electrical stimulation (es) versus non-electrical stimulation (nes) and type of boning (hot versus cold) on the eating quality of gannan yak longissimus lumborum. eighteen gannan yak bulls were randomly divided into two groups: es and nes. hot boning (hb) and cold boning (cb) were applied to the left and right side of the carcasses, respectively. all of the four treatments missed the "ideal" ph/temperature window. hb reduced the rate of ... | 2016 | 26496154 |
| different gene expressions between cattle and yak provide insights into high-altitude adaptation. | dna sequence variation has been widely reported as the genetic basis for adaptation, in both humans and other animals, to the hypoxic environment experienced at high altitudes. however, little is known about the patterns of gene expression underlying such hypoxic adaptations. in this study, we examined the differences in the transcriptomes of four organs (heart, kidney, liver and lung) between yak and cattle, a pair of closely related species distributed at high and low altitudes respectively. o ... | 2016 | 26538003 |
| changes in the anatomic and microscopic structure and the expression of hif-1α and vegf of the yak heart with aging and hypoxia. | the study aimed to identify the changes of anatomic and microscopic structure and the expression and localization of hypoxia-inducible factor (hif)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) in the myocardium and coronary artery of the yak heart adapted to chronic hypoxia with aging. thirty-two yaks (1 day, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 year old) were included, and immunoelectronmicroscopy, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were used. right ventricular ... | 2016 | 26914488 |
| effects of ghrp-2 and cysteamine administration on growth performance, somatotropic axis hormone and muscle protein deposition in yaks (bos grunniens) with growth retardation. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 (ghrp-2) and cysteamine (cs) administration on growth performance in yaks with growth retardation and try to elucidate its regulatory mechanisms. trial 1, thirty-six 1-year-old qinghai high plateau yaks (body weight 38-83.2 kg) were randomly chosen for body weight and jugular blood samples collection. the relationship between body weight and serum ghrh (p < 0.05, r = 0.45), gh (p < 0.05, r = 0.47), i ... | 2016 | 26894743 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the yakow (bos primigenius taurus × bos grunniens) in china. | the chinese yakow, bos primigenius taurus × bos grunniens, is a large and commercially important hybrid in family bovidae. we first determined and annotated its complete mitochondrial genome. the mitogenome is 16,322 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna (trna) genes, 2 ribosomal rna (rrna) genes and a control region. as in other mammals, most mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand, except for nd6 and eight trna genes, which are encoded on the light st ... | 2016 | 25186658 |
| the complete sequence of mitochondrial genome of polled yak (bos grunniens). | generally speaking, the hornless trait is also known as polled. although the poll locus could be assigned to a 1.36-mb interval in the centromeric region of bta1 (georges et al., 1993; drögemüller et al., 2005)), and (liu et al., 2014) reported a 147-kb segment that included three protein-coding genes was the most likely location of the poll mutation in domestic yaks, the underlying genetic basis for the polled trait is still unknown. in this work, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of p ... | 2016 | 25347693 |
| seroprevalence of and risk factors for neospora caninum infection in yaks (bos grunniens) in china. | the aim of the present study was to detect the seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection in yaks in gansu province, china. serum samples from 974 white yaks and 610 black yaks were tested by a commercial competitive-inhibition elisa for the detection of specific anti-n. caninum antibodies.; n. caninum antibodies were detected in 10.4% of yaks with higher prevalence in black (11.5% of 610) than white yak (8.6% of 974). age, regions and sampling times were considered as risk factors associated ... | 2017 | 28606319 |
| detomidine and butorphanol for standing sedation in a range of zoo-kept ungulate species. | general anesthesia poses risks for larger zoo species, like cardiorespiratory depression, myopathy, and hyperthermia. in ruminants, ruminal bloat and regurgitation of rumen contents with potential aspiration pneumonia are added risks. thus, the use of sedation to perform minor procedures is justified in zoo animals. a combination of detomidine and butorphanol has been routinely used in domestic animals. this drug combination, administered by remote intramuscular injection, can also be applied fo ... | 2017 | 28920785 |
| highly conserved keratin-associated protein 7-1 gene in yak, taurine and zebu cattle. | keratin-associated proteins (krtaps) play a critical role in cross-linking the keratin intermediate filaments to build a hair shaft. the genetic polymorphisms of the bovine krtap7-1 gene were investigated for the first time in this study. the complete coding sequence of the krtap7-1 gene in 108 domestic yak, taurine and zebu cattle from china and indonesia were successfully amplified using polymerase chain reaction and then directly sequenced. only two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (one nonsyn ... | 2017 | 29256856 |
| comparison of nitrogen utilization and urea kinetics between yaks (bos grunniens) and indigenous cattle (bos taurus). | under traditional management on the qinghai-tibetan plateau, yaks () graze only on natural pasture without supplements and are forced to cope with sparse forage of low n content, especially in winter. in contrast, indigenous tibetan yellow cattle () require supplements during the cold season. we hypothesized that, in response to harsh conditions, yaks cope with low n intakes better than cattle. to test this hypothesis, a study of whole-body n retention and urea kinetics was conducted in 2 concur ... | 2017 | 29108052 |
| status of tick infections among semi-wild cattle in arunachal pradesh, india. | to explore the seasonal prevalence of tick infections in mithun (bos frontalis) and yak (b. grunniens) a study was conducted in papum pare district, kurung-kumey district and west kameng district of arunachal pradesh, india from december 2012 to november 2014. adult ticks were collected from both the animals during the month of december 2012 to november 2014. ectoparasites were identified on the basis of their morpho-anatomical features observed through light microscope. a total of nine differen ... | 2017 | 27614479 |
| the genome sequence of the wisent (bison bonasus). | the wisent, also known as the european bison, was rescued from extinction approximately 80 years ago through the conservation of 12 individuals. here, we present the draft genome sequence of a male wisent individual descended from this founding stock. | 2017 | 28327911 |
| genetic diversities of mt-nd1 and mt-nd2 genes are associated with high-altitude adaptation in yak. | tibetan yak (bos grunniens) inhabiting the qinghai-tibet plateau (qtp) where the average altitude is 4000 m, is specially adapted to live at these altitudes. conversely, cattle (b. taurus) has been found to suffer from high-altitude hypertension or heart failure when exposed to these high altitudes. two mitochondrial genes, mt-nd1 and mt-nd2, encode two subunits of nadh dehydrogenase play an essential role in the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos). we sequenced these ... | 2017 | 28366030 |
| a molecular survey of babesia species and detection of a new babesia species by dna related to b. venatorum from white yaks in tianzhu, china. | bovine babesiosis is a tick-transmitted disease caused by different species of babesia. the white yak is a unique yak breed that lives only in tianzhu in the tibetan autonomous county, gansu province, in northwestern china. previous research using the elisa method has confirmed that the white yak could become infected with b. bigemina. the objective of this study was the molecular detection and identification of babesia species in white yaks. a total of 409 white yak blood samples were collected ... | 2017 | 28352260 |
| colony-stimulating factor 2 enhances the developmental competence of yak (poephagus grunniens) preimplantation embryos by modulating the expression of heat shock protein 70 kda 1a. | colony-stimulating factor 2 (csf2) is known to promote the development and survival of rodents and ruminants preimplantation embryos; however, the effect of csf2 on yak embryos has not been reported. the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of csf2 on the developmental competence of yak embryos cultured in vitro in modified synthetic oviduct fluid (msof) medium and on the expression pattern of heat shock protein 70 kda 1a (hspa1a). in each experiment, cumulus-oocyte complexes ( ... | 2017 | 28257862 |
| sequence based structural characterization and genetic diversity analysis of full length tlr4 cds in crossbred and indigenous cattle. | the exploration of candidate genes for immune response in cattle may be vital for improving our understanding regarding the species specific response to pathogens. toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) is mostly involved in protection against the deleterious effects of gram negative pathogens. approximately 2.6 kb long cdna sequence of tlr4 gene covering the entire coding region was characterized in two indian milk cattle (vrindavani and tharparkar). the phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the bovine tlr ... | 2017 | 27715456 |
| comparative analysis of testis transcriptomes associated with male infertility in cattleyak. | cattleyak exhibit equivalent adaptability to harsh environment as yak and much higher performances than yak. however, male infertility of cattleyak due to spermatogenic arrest greatly restricts their effective utilization in yak breeding. although much work has been done to investigate the mechanisms of spermatogenic arrest, there is little information available in regard to the differences in transcriptomic profiling between cattleyak and yak testes. in this work, histologic observation indicat ... | 2017 | 27865410 |
| physicochemical and functional properties of gelatin extracted from yak skin. | different molecular weight distribution (mwd) gelatin was extracted from yak skin after enzymatic pretreatments and their physicochemical and functional properties (sds-page, uv-vis absorption spectra, dsc, ft-ir, amino acid analysis, afm, emulsibility and foamability) were analyzed. the gelatin was extracted by pepsin and got different mwd of yak skin gelatin by controlling the enzymolysis time. the sds-page showed the mwd of the yak skin gelatin. the uv-vis absorption turned out that the broad ... | 2017 | 27838417 |
| evaluation of foot and mouth vaccination for yak (bos grunniens) in pakistan. | in northern pakistan, many farming communities rely on domestic yak (bos grunniens) as a principle source of income. a 2006 participatory disease surveillance report from this region indicated that foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is the most prevalent annual disease of yak. our objectives of this study were to determine exposure levels of yak to fmd virus; implement a vaccination program based on current, regional fmd virus serotypes and subtypes; and quantify immune responses following vaccination ... | 2017 | 28247287 |
| evolutionary dynamics of meiotic recombination hotspots regulator prdm9 in bovids. | hybrid sterility or reproductive isolation in mammals has been attributed to allelic incompatibilities in a dna-binding protein prdm9. not only is prdm9 exceptional in being the only known 'speciation gene' in vertebrates, but it is also considered to be the fastest evolving gene in the genome. the terminal zinc finger (zf) domain of prdm9 specifies genome-wide meiotic recombination hotspot locations in mammals. intriguingly, prdm9 zf domain is highly variable between as well as within species, ... | 2017 | 27744561 |
| soil bacterial and fungal diversity differently correlated with soil biochemistry in alpine grassland ecosystems in response to environmental changes. | to understand effects of soil microbes on soil biochemistry in alpine grassland ecosystems under environmental changes, we explored relationships between soil microbial diversity and soil total nitrogen, organic carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus, soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in alpine meadow, alpine steppe and cultivated grassland on the qinghai-tibetan plateau under three-year warming, enhanced precipitation and yak overgrazing. soil total nitrogen, organic carbon a ... | 2017 | 28262753 |