Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| technical note: selection of suitable reference genes for studying gene expression in milk somatic cell of yak (bos grunniens) during the lactation cycle. | quantitative real-time pcr is the most sensitive technique for gene expression analysis. data normalization is essential to correct for potential errors incurred in all steps from rna isolation to pcr amplification. the commonly accepted approach for normalization is the use of reference gene. until now, no suitable reference genes have been available for data normalization of gene expression in milk somatic cells of lactating yaks across lactation. in the present study, we evaluated the transcr ... | 2014 | 24342693 |
| seroprevalence of chlamydophila abortus infection in yaks (bos grunniens) in qinghai, china. | chlamydophila abortus is an important amphixenosis which in a wide range of animals, associated with reproductive disorders in yaks. in order to assess the prevalence of this infection in yaks in qinghai, china, a cross-sectional study was carried out, and a total of 674 serum samples were collected from june to october 2012 in six counties, and antibodies to c. abortus were examined by indirect hemagglutination (iha) test. the overall seroprevalence of c. abortus in yaks was 17.66 % (119/674), ... | 2014 | 24343703 |
| genetic polymorphisms of the igf-ii gene intron 8 coding region and its association with growth and carcass traits in yak. | insulin-like growth factor ii (igf-ii) plays a key role in mammalian growth and is involved in stimulating fetal cell division, differentiation, and metabolic regulation. igf-ii is considered a candidate gene for genetic markers of growth and carcass traits. therefore, in this study, the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the igf-ii gene region with growth and carcass characteristics in five yak breeds were investigated. two snps, g(330)c and a(358)g, were identified by se ... | 2013 | 24391006 |
| molecular cloning, bioinformatics analysis and expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 from tianzhu white yak, bos grunniens. | the igf family is essential for normal embryonic and postnatal development and plays important roles in the immune system, myogenesis, bone metabolism and other physiological functions, which makes the study of its structure and biological characteristics important. tianzhu white yak (bos grunniens) domesticated under alpine hypoxia environments, is well adapted to survive and grow against severe hypoxia and cold temperatures for extended periods. in this study, a full coding sequence of the igf ... | 2014 | 24394317 |
| prevalence and risk factors for brucellosis in domestic yak bos grunniens and their herders in a transhumant pastoralist system of dolpo, nepal. | disease caused by brucella spp. represents the most common bacterial zoonotic infection worldwide. the distribution and public health impact of these infections in nepal's mountain regions are poorly characterized. this cross sectional study assesses the burden of brucellosis on transhumant pastoralists and their yak in and around shey phoksundo national park, nepal. objectives were to: (1) estimate individual animal prevalence of brucella-seropositive yak, (2) identify herd- and individual-leve ... | 2014 | 24416799 |
| genome-wide variation within and between wild and domestic yak. | the yak is one of the few animals that can thrive in the harsh environment of the qinghai-tibetan plateau and adjacent alpine regions. yak provides essential resources allowing tibetans to live at high altitudes. however, genetic variation within and between wild and domestic yak remain unknown. here, we present a genome-wide study of the genetic variation within and between wild and domestic yak. using next-generation sequencing technology, we resequenced three wild and three domestic yak with ... | 2014 | 24418407 |
| low-carbon yak cheese: transition to biogas in a himalayan socio-technical niche. | this study looks at how potential for resilient low-carbon solutions can be understood and enhanced in the diverse environmental, economic and socio-political contexts in which actual scenarios of energy needs and diverse development pathways take shape. it discusses socio-technical transition approaches to assist implementation of a biogas digester system. this will replace fuelwood use in the high forests of central nepal, where yak cheese production provides livelihood income but is under thr ... | 2013 | 24427516 |
| genetic variability of mhc class ii dqb exon 2 alleles in yak (bos grunniens). | the major histocompatibility class (mhc) dq molecules are dimeric glycoproteins revealing antigen presentation to cd(4+) t cells. in the present study, the exon 2 of the mhc class ii dqb gene from 32 yaks (bos grunniens) was cloned, sequenced and compared with previously reported patterns for other bovidae. it was revealed by sequence analyses that there are 25 dqb exon 2 alleles among 32 yaks, all alleles are found to belong to dqb1 loci. these alleles exhibited a high degree of nucleotide and ... | 2014 | 24430299 |
| blue sheep in the annapurna conservation area, nepal: habitat use, population biomass and their contribution to the carrying capacity of snow leopards. | the himalaya region of nepal provides a habitat for the endangered snow leopard (panthera uncia) and its principal prey species, the blue sheep (pseudois nayaur). the aim of this study was to describe the habitat, the distribution and the population structure of blue sheep, and to estimate their contribution to the carrying capacity of snow leopard in the upper mustang region of nepal. blue sheep were recorded at altitudes from 3209-5498 m on slopes with gradients of 16-60° and aspects of 40°ne ... | 2014 | 24447660 |
| effects of different levels of protein supplementary diet on gene expressions related to intramuscular deposition in early-weaned yaks. | this study was conducted to estimate different levels of protein supplementary diet on gene expressions related to intramuscular deposition in early-weaned yaks. results showed that supplementary dietary protein significantly increased final weight, average daily gain (adg), intramuscular fat (imf), serum free fatty acid (ffa), total triglycerides, total cholesterol (ch), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl) content. there was a quadratic respo ... | 2014 | 24450936 |
| developmental competence of frozen-thawed yak (bos grunniens) oocytes followed by in vitro maturation and fertilization. | in the present study, we examined the ability of immature germinal vesicle (gv) and subjected to in vitro matured (mii) yak oocytes to survive after cryopreservation as well as their subsequent development following in vitro maturation and fertilization. both gv and mii oocytes were cryopreserved by using two different vitrification solutions (vs); vs-i contained 10% ethylene glycol (eg) and 10% dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) in tcm-199 + 20% (v/v) fetal calf serum (fcs) whereas vs-ii contained 40% eg ... | 2014 | 24463092 |
| molecular investigation of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in yaks (bos gruniens) from qinghai, china. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus which infects both domestic animals and wildlife species worldwide. in china, cattle are often infected with bvdv of different genotypes, but there is very limited knowledge regarding bvdv infection in chinese yaks and the genetic diversity of the virus. the objectives of this study were to detect viral infection in yaks in qinghai, china and to determine the genotypes of bvdv based on analysis of the 5'untranslated region (5'utr) and n-terminal ... | 2014 | 24524442 |
| isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in the genome of yak (bos grunniens). | the researches on yak genetics and breeding were extremely restricted due to lacking of reliable dna molecular markers. the microsatellites with repeat motif (ac)n/(gt)n in yak genome were enriched by dynal magnetic beads and the gene libraries containing (ac)n/(gt)n were constructed. among the 92 identified and sequenced positive clones, 40 contained perfect repeats (43.48%), 41 contained imperfect repeats (44.57%) and 11 contained compound repeats (11.96%). as compared with the percentage of p ... | 2014 | 24562680 |
| nucleotide sequence and polymorphism of mhc class ii dqb exon 2 alleles in chinese yakow (bos grunniens × bos taurus). | the objective of this study is to describe the gene characteristics of the bovine lymphocyte antigen (bola)-dqb exon 2 locus in chinese yakow (bos grunniens × bos taurus) and to compare it with previously reported patterns in other bovidae species to investigate genetic factors for disease resistance. the exon 2 of the mhc class ii dqb gene was cloned and sequenced. it was revealed by sequence analyses that there are 36 dqb exon 2 alleles among 44 chinese yakow. these alleles exhibited a high de ... | 2014 | 24618027 |
| comparative analyses of the complete mitochondrial genomes of the two ruminant hookworms bunostomum trigonocephalum and bunostomum phlebotomum. | bunostomum trigonocephalum and bunostomum phlebotomum are blood-feeding hookworms of sheep and cattle, causing considerable economic losses to the live stock industries. studying genetic variability within and among hookworm populations is critical to addressing epidemiological and ecological questions. mitochondrial (mt) dna is known to provide useful markers for investigations of population genetics of hookworms, but mt genome sequence data are scant. in the present study, the complete mitocho ... | 2014 | 24625354 |
| novel y-chromosome polymorphisms in chinese domestic yak. | y-chromosome-specific haplotypes (y-haplotypes) constructed using single nucleotide polymorphisms (y-snps) in the msy (male-specific region of the y-chromosome) are valuable in population genetic studies. but sequence variants in the yak msy region have been poorly characterized so far. in this study, we screened a total of 16 y-chromosome-specific gene segments from the zfy, sry, uty, usp9y, amely and ofd1y genes to identify y-snps in domestic yaks. six novel y-snps distributed in the usp9y (g. ... | 2014 | 24628343 |
| proteomic analysis of the follicular fluid of tianzhu white yak during diestrus. | the aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed proteins in the follicular fluid of tianzhu white yak during diestrus. follicles obtained from female yak were divided into four groups according to their diameter: 0-2, 2-4, 4-6 mm, and greater than 6 mm. the follicular fluid was directly aspirated from the follicles and mixed according to follicular size, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was carried out on the crude follicular fluid samples. thirty-four differentially expres ... | 2014 | 24633201 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the datong yak (bos grunniens). | datong yak is a famous artificially cultivated breed in china. in the present work, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of datong yak for the first time. the total length of the mitogenome is 16,323 bp long, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, two rrna genes and one non-coding region (d-loop region). the gene order of datong yak mitogenome is identical to that observed in most other vertebrates. the overall base composition is 33.71% a, 25.8.0% c, 13.21% g and 27. ... | 2016 | 24660922 |
| epizootic hemorrhagic disease in a yak. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) infection was diagnosed in a 3-year-old yak. the yak had signs of intermittent tremors, dysphagia, oral ulcerative lesions, hemorrhagic enteritis, tachypnea, and thrombocytopenia. postmortem diagnostics confirmed ehdv (serotype 2) using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). gross and histopathological results were consistent with ehdv reported in other species. | 0 | 24688138 |
| organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in grass, yak muscle, liver, and milk in ruoergai high altitude prairie, the eastern edge of qinghai-tibet plateau. | in highland pastures, where no agricultural and industrial activities exist, organochlorine pesticides (ocps) and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) are believed to be mainly coming from water-soil-grass system which is subject to air-water and air-soil exchanges and atmospheric precipitation. samples of grass and yak muscle, liver, and milk were measured for ocps and pcbs in the summer and winter of 2011. the total concentrations of hchs, ddts, endosulfans, hcb, and pcbs in grass samples were in ... | 2014 | 24726514 |
| sequence characterization, polymorphism, and tissue expression profile of an effector immediate-early gene: activity-regulated cytoskeletal associated protein gene (arc/arg3.1) in swamp and river buffalo. | the activity-regulated cytoskeletal associated protein (arc/arg3.1) has been implicated in experience-dependent synaptic plasticity and memory formation. however, information regarding its coding gene in buffalo remains scarce. in this study, the full-length of arc/arg3.1 was isolated and characterized (accession no. jx491649) and genetic variations of six river buffalo and eight swamp buffalo were investigated. a tissue expression profile was obtained using semi-quantitative reverse transcripti ... | 2014 | 24737478 |
| cellular extract facilitates nuclear reprogramming by altering dna methylation and pluripotency gene expression. | the functional reprogramming of a differentiated cell to a pluripotent state presents potential beneficial applications in disease mechanisms and regenerative medicine. epigenetic modifications enable differentiated cells to perpetuate molecular memory to retain their identity. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the reprogramming modification of yak fibroblast cells that were permeabilized and incubated in the extracts of mesenchymal stem cells derived from mice adipose tissue [ ... | 2014 | 24738992 |
| effect of addition of fsh, lh and proteasome inhibitor mg132 to in vitro maturation medium on the developmental competence of yak (bos grunniens) oocytes. | the competence for embryonic development after ivf is low in the yak, therefore, we investigated the effects of supplementation of fsh, lh and the proteasome inhibitor mg132 in ivm media on yak oocyte competence for development after ivf. | 2014 | 24754924 |
| chlamydial infections in chinese livestock. | the occurrence and impact of chlamydial infections in western livestock is well documented in the international literature, but less is known aboutthese infections in livestock in the people's republic of china. china's livestock production and its share in the global market have increased significantly in recent decades. in this review, the relevant english and chinese literature on the epidemiology of chlamydial infections in chinese livestock is considered, and biosecurity measures, prophylax ... | 2013 | 24761733 |
| occurrence and molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. in yaks (bos grunniens) in china. | compared with dairy and beef cattle, few data are available on the occurrence and distribution of cryptosporidium species in yaks, which live in a very different habitat. in this study, 327 fecal specimens were collected from yaks in 4 counties in qinghai province of china and screened for cryptosporidium by nested pcr analysis of the 18s rrna gene. a total of 98 (30.0%) specimens were positive for cryptosporidium. the occurrence of cryptosporidium varied significantly among age groups; infectio ... | 2014 | 24768316 |
| sequence analysis of cytb gene in echinococcus granulosus from western china. | echinococcus granulosus is the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis with medical and veterinary importance in china. our main objective was to discuss the genotypes and genetic diversity of e. granulosus present in domestic animals and humans in western china. a total of 45 hydatid cyst samples were collected from sheep, humans, and a yak and subjected to an analysis of the sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene. the amplified pcr product for all samples was a 1,068 bp band. the ... | 2014 | 24850967 |
| cloning of cdnas for h1f0, top1, clta and cdk1 and the effects of cryopreservation on the expression of their mrna transcripts in yak (bos grunniens) oocytes. | we cloned and sequenced four pivotal cdnas involved in dna structural maintenance (h1f0 and top1) and the cell cycle (clta and cdk1) from yak oocytes. in addition, we studied the consequences of freezing-thawing (f/t) processes on the expression of their mrna transcripts in yak immature and in vitro matured (mii) oocytes. | 2014 | 24854867 |
| peptide profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for identification of animal fibers. | identification of fibers for verification of their specific animal origin is necessary for maintaining quality and value in the clothing industry. in order to examine adulteration in animal fibers, there is a commercially accepted method of microscopy analysis. however, this method is subjective and time-consuming due to its reliance on an operator identifying magnified fibers from their scale image and other features. therefore, alternative reliable identification methods are required. in this ... | 2013 | 24860713 |
| first report of cryptosporidium spp. in white yaks in china. | cryptosporidium is an enteric apicomplexan parasite, which can infect yaks, leading to reduction of milk production and poor weight gain. white yak (bos grunniens) is a unique yak breed inhabiting only in tianzhu tibetan autonomous county, gansu province, northwestern china. the objective of the present study was to molecularly determine cryptosporidium infection and species in white yaks. | 2014 | 24885747 |
| rna-seq analysis of yak ovary: improving yak gene structure information and mining reproduction-related genes. | rna-seq, a high-throughput (ht) sequencing technique, has been used effectively in large-scale transcriptomic studies, and is particularly useful for improving gene structure information and mining of new genes. in this study, rna-seq ht technology was employed to analyze the transcriptome of yak ovary. after illumina-solexa deep sequencing, 26826516 clean reads with a total of 4828772880 bp were obtained from the ovary library. alignment analysis showed that 16992 yak genes mapped to the yak ge ... | 2014 | 24907937 |
| from 'third pole' to north pole: a himalayan origin for the arctic fox. | the 'third pole' of the world is a fitting metaphor for the himalayan-tibetan plateau, in allusion to its vast frozen terrain, rivalling the arctic and antarctic, at high altitude but low latitude. living tibetan and arctic mammals share adaptations to freezing temperatures such as long and thick winter fur in arctic muskox and tibetan yak, and for carnivorans, a more predatory niche. here, we report, to our knowledge, the first evolutionary link between an early pliocene (3.60-5.08 myr ago) fox ... | 2014 | 24920475 |
| quantitative proteomic analysis of whey proteins in the colostrum and mature milk of yak (bos grunniens). | yak (bos grunniens) is an important natural resource in mountainous regions. to date, few studies have addressed the differences in the protein profiles of yak colostrum and milk. we used quantitative proteomics to compare the protein profiles of whey from yak colostrum and milk. milk samples were collected from 21 yaks after calving (1 and 28 d). whey protein profiles were generated through isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (itraq)-labelled proteomics. | 2015 | 24935403 |
| detection of copy number variations and their effects in chinese bulls. | copy number variations (cnvs) are a main source of genomic structural variations underlying animal evolution and production traits. here, with one pure-blooded angus bull as reference, we describe a genome-wide analysis of cnvs based on comparative genomic hybridization arrays in 29 chinese domesticated bulls and examined their effects on gene expression and cattle growth traits. | 2014 | 24935859 |
| characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of gannan yak (bos grunniens). | gannan yak is the native breed of gansu province in china. in this work, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of gannan yak was determined for the first time. the total length of the mitogenome is 16,322 bp long, with the base composition of 33.74% a, 25.84% t, 13.18% c, and 27.24% g. it contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna genes, two rrna genes and one non-coding region (d-loop region). the gene order of gannan yak mitogenome is identical to that observed in most other vertebrates. ... | 2016 | 24960561 |
| formaldehyde replacement with glyoxylic acid in semipermanent hair straightening: a new and multidisciplinary investigation. | formaldehyde is an effective and popular semipermanent hair straightener, but the severe consequences for human health due to its toxicity have prompted the search for safer alternatives. different carbonyl compounds, including glyoxylic acid, have recently been proposed as promising candidates. despite the interest in this topic, there is a lack of information about the interactions between hair keratin and straightener agents. this study addresses this issue to gain new insights useful in the ... | 2014 | 24962464 |
| the genetics of brown coat color and white spotting in domestic yaks (bos grunniens). | domestic yaks (bos grunniens) exhibit two major coat color variations: a brown vs. wild-type black pigmentation and a white spotting vs. wild-type solid color pattern. the genetic basis for these variations in color and distribution remains largely unknown and may be complicated by a breeding history involving hybridization between yaks and cattle. here, we investigated 92 domestic yaks from china using a candidate gene approach. sequence variations in mc1r, pmel and tyrp1 were surveyed in brown ... | 2014 | 24989079 |
| phylogeny of theileria buffeli genotypes identified in the south african buffalo (syncerus caffer) population. | theileria buffeli/orientalis is a group of benign and mildly pathogenic species of cattle and buffalo in various parts of the world. in a previous study, we identified t. buffeli in blood samples originating from the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in the hluhluwe-imfolozi game park (hip) and the addo elephant game park (aegp) in south africa. the aim of this study was to characterise the 18s rrna gene and complete internal transcribed spacer (its1-5.8s-its2) region of t. buffeli samples, and ... | 2014 | 25002308 |
| an overview on the presence of cyclopropane fatty acids in milk and dairy products. | a survey was carried out to determine the presence of cyclopropane fatty acids (cpfa) in various dairy products. cpfa such as lactobacillic acid and dihydrosterculic acid are components of bacterial membranes and have been recently detected in milk from cows fed with maize silage. in this paper about 200 dairy samples comprising cow, sheep, and goat milk, cheese, yogurt/fermented milk, and butter were analyzed. results showed that cow milks were generally positive to cpfa (0.014-0.105% of total ... | 2014 | 25033416 |
| enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in yaks (bos grunniens) and their public health potential. | enterocytozoon bieneusi, the most frequently diagnosed microsporidian species in humans, is also identified in a wide range of animals. to date, few data are available on e. bieneusi in yaks (bos grunniens). in this study, we examined the occurrence and genotype identity of e. bieneusi in yaks in four counties in qinghai province of china. of 327 fecal specimens examined by nested pcr analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, 23 (7.0%) were e. bieneusi-positive. dna sequence analysi ... | 2015 | 25040451 |
| the low expression of dmrt7 is associated with spermatogenic arrest in cattle-yak. | dmrt7 is a member of the dm domain family of genes. dmrt7 deficiency is also a strong candidate as a cause for male cattle-yak infertility, as it is regarded as essential for male spermatogenesis, between the pachynema and diplonema stages. in our study, the coding region sequence of yak and cattle-yak dmrt7 was cloned by molecular cloning techniques, and the sequence, conserved domains, functional sites, and secondary and tertiary structures of the dmrt7-encoded protein were predicted and analy ... | 2014 | 25052188 |
| a snp in intron 8 of cd46 causes a novel transcript associated with mastitis in holsteins. | the membrane protein cd46, a ubiquitous cell surface pathogen receptor, can bind streptococcus to trigger cell autophagy, which is a critical step in the control of infection. | 2014 | 25070150 |
| secondary structure estimation and properties analysis of stretched asian and caucasian hair. | in this previous work, we investigated the secondary structure changes of stretched yak hairs by deconvolution, secondary derivation, and curve fitting and determined the number of bands and their positions in order to resolve the protein spectrum of raman spectroscopy. | 2015 | 25073800 |
| technical note: a comparison of dna collection methods in cattle and yaks. | a variety of biological materials are suitable for the analysis of bovine dna. the objective of this study was to evaluate the ease of collection, storage, and cost as well as quality and quantity of dna samples obtained from bos taurus (european cattle) and bos grunniens (yak) using 2 different sample types: whole blood sampling and nasal swabs. hair follicle dna samples from yaks were also analyzed. deoxyribonucleic acid samples were collected from 1 herd of black angus yearling bulls (n = 166 ... | 2014 | 25085402 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in yaks (bos grunniens) on the qinghai-tibetan plateau of china. | toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii), a zoonotic parasite infects almost all warm-blooded animals and causes significant economic losses. to date, however, it is still unclear whether yaks from the qinghai-tibetan plateau of china are exposed to t. gondii. on the present study, a survey was conducted for the first time, to investigate the seroprevalence of t. gondii infection in yaks (bos grunniens) on the qinghai-tibetan plateau (qinghai, tibet, hongyuan area of sichuan province). a total of 905 and 7 ... | 2014 | 25085769 |
| identification and characterization of yak (bos grunniens) b-boule gene and its alternative splice variants. | boule is responsible for meiotic arrest of sperms and male sterility during mammalian spermatogenesis. in the present study, we first identified yak b-boule gene and its two alternative splice variants. the full length coding region of yak b-boule is 888bp and encodes a 295-amino acid protein with a typical rna-recognition motif (rrm) and a deleted in azoospermia (daz) repetitive sequence motif. two alternative splice variants of yak b-boule were generated following the consensus "gt-ag" rule an ... | 2014 | 25149018 |
| detection of cow milk adulteration in yak milk by elisa. | in the current study, a simple, sensitive, and specific elisa assay using a high-affinity anti-bovine β-casein monoclonal antibody was developed for the rapid detection of cow milk in adulterated yak milk. the developed elisa was highly specific and could be applied to detect bovine β-casein (10-8,000 μg/ml) and cow milk (1:1,300 to 1:2 dilution) in yak milk. cross-reactivity was <1% when tested against yak milk. the linear range of adulterant concentration was 1 to 80% (vol/vol) and the minimum ... | 2014 | 25151876 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the a rare subspecies of genus bos, tianzhu white yak from tibetan area in china. | the population of domestic yak, tianzhu white yak, from tibetan area in china is considered as a rare bos grunniens species. we first determined and annotated its complete mitochondrial genome. the mitogenome is 16,319 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna (trna) genes, 2 ribosomal rna (rrna) genes and a control region. as in other mammals, most mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand, except for nd6 and eight trna genes, which are encoded on the light ... | 2016 | 25162469 |
| comparative proteomic changes of differentially expressed whey proteins in clinical mastitis and healthy yak cows. | under the traditional grazing system on the qinghai-tibetan plateau, the amount of milk in domesticated yak (bos grunniens) with clinical mastitis decreases and the milk composition is altered. to understand the mechanisms of mammary gland secreted milk and disease infection, changes in the protein composition of milk during clinical mastitis were investigated using a proteomic approach. milk whey from yak with clinical mastitis was compared to whey from healthy animals with two-dimensional gel ... | 2014 | 25177940 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the yakow (bos primigenius taurus × bos grunniens) in china. | the chinese yakow, bos primigenius taurus × bos grunniens, is a large and commercially important hybrid in family bovidae. we first determined and annotated its complete mitochondrial genome. the mitogenome is 16,322 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna (trna) genes, 2 ribosomal rna (rrna) genes and a control region. as in other mammals, most mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand, except for nd6 and eight trna genes, which are encoded on the light st ... | 2016 | 25186658 |
| the expression of epidermal growth factor (egf) and its receptor (egfr) during post-natal testes development in the yak. | growth factors play critical role in cell proliferation, regulate tissue differentiation and modulate organogenesis. several growth factors have been identified in the testes of various mammalian species in last few years. in present investigation, the objective was to determine the expression of epidermal growth factor (egf) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) in yak testicular tissue by relative quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), western blot (wb) and immuno ... | 2014 | 25263304 |
| mitochondrial genomes of domestic animals need scrutiny. | more than 1000 complete or near-complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequences have been deposited in genbank for eight common domestic animals (cattle, dog, goat, horse, pig, sheep, yak and chicken) and their close wild ancestors or relatives, as well. nevertheless, few efforts have been performed to evaluate the sequence data quality. herein, we conducted a phylogenetic survey of these complete or near-complete mtdna sequences based on mtdna haplogroup trees for the eight animals. we show that e ... | 2014 | 25294192 |
| proteome analysis of lactobacillus helveticus h9 during growth in skim milk. | lactobacillus helveticus h9 was isolated from traditionally fermented yak milk in tibet (china) with the ability to produce the antihypertensive peptides val-pro-pro (vpp) and ile-pro-pro (ipp) during milk fermentation. to understand the changes in the protein expression of l. helveticus h9, proteome analysis was performed at 3 different growth stages, lag phase (ph 6.1), log phase (ph 5.1), and stationary phase (ph 4.5) using 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de). further analysis showed that 25 ... | 2014 | 25306273 |
| comparison of culture methods for isolation of salmonella in yak fecal samples. | to compare the effectiveness of culture methods for identifying yak salmonella, three selective enrichment broths (sc, ttb, msrv) and three media (ss, xld, cas) for detecting salmonella were evaluated in this study. the results showed that ttb broth was better than sc broths and msrv broths, and ss medium has the highest isolation rate, significantly higher than those of cas and xld media (p < 0.05). it is worth noticing that there was no overlapping of the positive results given by ttb, sc and ... | 2014 | 25320426 |
| [discussion on reduction potential of ch4 emission intensity for early off-take practice of grazing yak]. | the case study preliminarily compared the ch4 reduction potential and ch4 emission intensity of 7 year-old and 4 year-old grazing yak after early off-take practice based on the 2006 ipcc ghg inventory guidelines and under the premise of equal herbage consumption. our results showed that the total ch4 emission was greater by about 86.3 kg for 2.1 4-year yaks compared with 7 years old yak during their life assuming that their total herbage consumption was the same, because total herbage consumptio ... | 2014 | 25338403 |
| paisang (quercus griffithii): a keystone tree species in sustainable agroecosystem management and livelihoods in arunachal pradesh, india. | in a study of the traditional livelihoods of 12 monpa and brokpa villages in arunachal pradesh, india using social-ecological and participatory rural appraisal techniques, we found that the forest tree species paisang (quercus griffithii, a species of oak) is vital to agroecosystem sustainability. paisang trees are conserved both by individuals and through community governance, because their leaves play a crucial role in sustaining 11 traditional cropping systems of the monpa peoples. an indigen ... | 2015 | 25343981 |
| the complete sequence of mitochondrial genome of polled yak (bos grunniens). | generally speaking, the hornless trait is also known as polled. although the poll locus could be assigned to a 1.36-mb interval in the centromeric region of bta1 (georges et al., 1993; drögemüller et al., 2005)), and (liu et al., 2014) reported a 147-kb segment that included three protein-coding genes was the most likely location of the poll mutation in domestic yaks, the underlying genetic basis for the polled trait is still unknown. in this work, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of p ... | 2016 | 25347693 |
| molecular characterization and tissue distribution of estrogen receptor genes in domestic yak. | estrogen and its receptors are essential hormones for normal reproductive function in males and females during developmental stage. to better understand the effect of estrogen receptor (er) gene in yak (bos grunniens), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was carried out to clone erα and erβ genes. bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the evolutionary relationship between yaks and other species, and real-time pcr was performed to identify the mrna expression of erα and er ... | 0 | 25358360 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 4 in yak, northwestern china. | 2014 | 25419958 | |
| establishment of mammary gland model in vitro: culture and evaluation of a yak mammary epithelial cell line. | this study aimed to establish yak mammary epithelial cells (ymecs) for an in vitro model of yak mammary gland biology. the primary culture of ymecs was obtained from mammary gland tissues of lactating yak and then characterized using immunocytochemistry, rt-pcr, and western blot analysis. whether foreign genes could be transfected into the ymecs were examined by transfecting the egfp gene into the cells. finally, the effect of staphylococcus aureus infection on ymecs was determined. the establis ... | 2014 | 25479378 |
| production and structural characterization of lactobacillus helveticus derived biosurfactant. | a probiotic strain of lactobacilli was isolated from traditional soft churpi cheese of yak milk and found positive for biosurfactant production. lactobacilli reduced the surface tension of phosphate buffer saline (pbs) from 72.0 to 39.5 mnm(-1) ph 7.2 and its critical micelle concentration (cmc) was found to be 2.5 mg ml(-1). low cost production of lactobacilli derived biosurfactant was carried out at lab scale fermenter which yields 0.8 mg ml(-1) biosurfactant. the biosurfactant was found least ... | 2014 | 25506070 |
| chemical composition of yak colostrum and transient milk. | the objective of this study was to assess the changes in the chemical composition of yak colostrum and transient milk. samples were collected from 12 yaks on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 post-partum (pp). the gross composition, nitrogen fraction distribution, amino acid (aa) profile and fatty acid (fa) profile were analysed. all the components decreased rapidly during the first 3 days except lactose which increased. the ratio of whey protein to casein protein decreased from 46:54 to 17:83 during ... | 2015 | 25545664 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 genes in qinghai-tibet plateau bos grunniens and lowland bos taurus. | insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (igfbp-1) play a pivotal role in regulating cellular hypoxic response. in this study, we cloned and characterized the genes encoding igf-1 and igfbp-1 to improve the current knowledge on their roles in highland bos grunniens (yak). we also compared their expression levels in the liver and kidney tissues between yaks and lowland cattle. we obtained full-length 465 bp igf-1 and 792 bp igfbp-1, encoding 154 amino ... | 0 | 25557672 |
| proteomic characterization and comparison of mammalian milk fat globule proteomes by itraq analysis. | milk fat globule membrane (mfgm) proteins are known to be involved in many biological functions; however, their components and inter-species complexity have not yet been completely elucidated. we investigated the protein composition of the mfgm-enriched fraction from holstein, jersey, yak, buffalo, goat, camel, horse, and human. extracted proteins from the mfgm-enriched fractions were identified and quantified by an itraq proteomic approach. we identified 520 protein species categorized as biolo ... | 2015 | 25576853 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of chlamydia abortus infection in free-ranging white yaks in china. | chlamydia is gram-negative obligate bacteria which causes a wide variety of diseases in humans and animals. to date, there are a few reports about the seroprevalence of chlamydia and the risk factors associated with chlamydia infection in yaks in the world. in this study, 974 blood samples were collected from white yaks (bos grunniens) in tianzhu tibetan autonomous county, gansu province, northwest china from june 2013 to april 2014. | 2015 | 25601354 |
| myosin heavy chain 15 is associated with bovine pulmonary arterial pressure. | bovine pulmonary hypertension, brisket disease, causes significant morbidity and mortality at elevations above 2,000 m. mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mpap) is moderately heritable, with inheritance estimated to lie within a few major genes. invasive mpap measurement is currently the only tool available to identify cattle at risk of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. a genetic test could allow selection of cattle suitable for high altitude without the need for invasive testing. in this s ... | 0 | 25621163 |
| blunted activation of rho-kinase in yak pulmonary circulation. | yaks have adapted to high altitude and they do not develop hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. although we previously identified the important role of augmented nitric oxide synthase activity in the yak pulmonary circulatory system, evidence of the direct involvement of rho-kinase as a basal vascular tone regulator is lacking. four domesticated male pure-bred yaks and four bulls that were born and raised at an altitude of 3000 m in the tien-shan mountains were studied at an altitude of 3,100 m. mean ... | 2015 | 25654121 |
| first report of babesia bigemina infection in white yaks in china. | white yaks, a unique yak breed and the pearl of the plateau, only live in tianzhu tibetan autonomous county (ttac), gansu province, northwest china, contributing significantly to local economy. however, there was no information on the prevalence of babesia bigemina in white yaks. in this study, a total of 974 serum samples collected from white yaks in ttac were examined for specific antibodies against b. bigemina using a commercially available elisa kit. the overall seroprevalence of b. bigemina ... | 2015 | 25700713 |
| [comparative analysis of issr markers polymorphism in populations of yak (bos mutus) and in f1 hybrids between yak and cattle in the sayan-altai region]. | the genetic variability in seven yak populations from the sayan-altai region and in f1 hybrids between yak and cattle (khainags) was investigated with the help of a technique that involves the use of inter simple sequence repeat (issr) markers generated with pcr primers (ag)9c and (ga)9c. samples for the analysis were collected in mongolia, tuva, and altai from 2008 through 2012. the examined yak populations differed in in the presence/absence of issr fragments, as well as in their frequency. in ... | 2014 | 25720249 |
| influence of succinylation on the conformation of yak casein micelles. | succinylation modifies the physicochemical characteristics and improves the functional properties of proteins. this study assessed the effects of succinylation on the conformation of yak casein micelles with seven degree of modification. the results revealed that succinylation contributed to the dissociation of casein micelles. with the increase of succinylated degree, soluble nitrogen and minerals content increased, while casein micelle size and polydispersity index of micelles decreased. succi ... | 2015 | 25722161 |
| anthelmintic efficacy, plasma and milk kinetics of eprinomectin following topical and subcutaneous administration to yaks (bos grumniens). | eprinomectin is recommended for use as an anti-parasitic agent in livestock, including cattle. yaks are a member of the cattle family living in the high altitude mountains of china and adjacent countries; however, there have been no clinical trials of the anthelmintic efficacy and pharmacokinetics of eprinomectin in yaks. the purpose of this study was to investigate the endectocidal efficacy and pharmacokinetics of eprinomectin following topical (at 0.5 mg/kg) and subcutaneous (at 0.2 mg/kg) adm ... | 2015 | 25725422 |
| snps detected in the yak mc4r gene and their association with growth traits. | mc4r (melanocortin 4 receptor) is expressed in the appetite-regulating areas of the brain and takes part in leptin signaling pathways. sequencing of the coding region of the mc4r gene for 354 yaks identified the following five single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps): snp1 (273c>t), snp2 (321 g>t), snp3 (864 c>a), snp4 (1069g>c) and snp5 (1206 g>c). snp1, snp2 and snp3 were synonymous mutations, whereas snp4 and snp5 were missense mutations resulting in amino acid substitutions (v286l and r331s). ... | 2015 | 25757688 |
| organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in air, grass and yak butter from namco in the central tibetan plateau. | limited studies on bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (pops) along terrestrial food chains were conducted. the food chain air-grass-yak (butter) in the pasture region of namco in the central tibetan plateau (tp) was chosen for study. the air, grass and butter pops in the tp were at the lower end of the concentrations generally found around the globe. hcb was the main pollutant in air and butter. besides hcb, β-hch and p,p'-dde were the other major compounds in butter. along the foo ... | 2015 | 25768883 |
| detection of αs2-casein variants in chinese yak (bos grunniens) by pcr-sscp. | 2015 | 25810399 | |
| post-mortem oxidative stability of three yak (bos grunniens) muscles as influenced by animal age. | the influence of animal age and muscle source on the oxidative stability of yak steaks was examined. longissimus thoracis (lt) muscles from yaks of different age groups (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 years), and three muscle sources of lt, psoas major (pm), and biceps femoris (bf) from yaks of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 years, were evaluated for metmyoglobin content, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and antioxidant capacity. oxidative stability was influenced (p<0.05) by muscle source and animal age. lt steaks ... | 2015 | 25839885 |
| prevalence study and genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in four bovine species in china. | to determine the nationwide status of persistent bvdv infection in different bovine species in china and compare different test methods, a total of 1379 serum samples from clinical healthy dairy cattle, beef cattle, yaks (bos grunniens), and water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) were collected in eight provinces of china from 2010 to 2013. the samples were analyzed using commercial antibody (ab) and antigen (ag) detection kits, and rt-pcr based on the 5'-utr and npro gene sequencing. results showed th ... | 2015 | 25849315 |
| genetic diversity and classification of tibetan yak populations based on the mtdna coiii gene. | to determine the level of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among tibetan yak populations, the mitochondrial dna cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 (coiii) genes of 378 yak individuals from 16 populations were analyzed in this study. the results showed that the length of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 gene sequences was 781 bp, with nucleotide frequencies of 29.2, 29.4, 26.1, and 15.2% for t, c, a, and g, respectively. a total of 26 haplotypes were identified, with 69 polymorphic site ... | 2015 | 25867320 |
| association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms of fatty acid synthase gene and meat quality traits in datong yak (bos grunniens). | fatty acid synthase (fasn) is a key enzyme in fatty acid anabolism that plays an important role in the fat deposit of eukaryotic cells. therefore, in this study, we detected 2 novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the fasn gene in 313 adult individuals of datong yak using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism and dna sequencing techniques. snp g.5477c>t is located in intron 3 of fasn, and 3 genotypes, hh, hg, and gg, were detected in this mutation site. snp ... | 2015 | 25867409 |
| comparative screening of single nucleotide polymorphisms in β-casein and κ-casein gene in different livestock breeds of india. | the most polymorphic milk protein gene is β-casein; 13 protein variants are known in cattle. milk protein genetic polymorphism has received considerable research interest in recent years because of possible associations between milk protein and economically important traits in livestock. the present study was undertaken to explore the genetic polymorphisms in exon 7 of β-casein and exon 4 of κ-casein genes in arunachali yaks (bos grunniens), sahiwal (bos indicus) cattle, malpura sheep (ovis arie ... | 2015 | 25905036 |
| evaluation of composition and individual variability of rumen microbiota in yaks by 16s rrna high-throughput sequencing technology. | the yak (bos grunniens) is a unique species of ruminant animals that is important to agriculture of the tibetan plateau, and has a complex intestinal microbial community. the objective of the present study was to characterize the composition and individual variability of microbiota in the rumen of yaks using 16s rrna gene high-throughput sequencing technique. rumen samples used in the present study were obtained from grazing adult male yaks (n = 6) in a commercial farm in ganzi autonomous prefec ... | 2015 | 25911445 |
| comparative study on the genetic diversity of ghr gene in tibetan cattle and holstein cows. | due to the phenotype-based artificial selection in domestic cattle, the underlying functional genes may be indirectly selected and show decreasing diversity in theory. the growth hormone receptor (ghr) gene has been widely proposed to significantly associate with critical economic traits in cattle. in the present study, we comparatively studied the genetic diversity of ghr in tibetan cattle (a traditional unselected breed, n = 93) and chinese holstein cow (the intensively selected breed, n = 94) ... | 2015 | 25927168 |
| yak response to high-altitude hypoxic stress by altering mrna expression and dna methylation of hypoxia-inducible factors. | hypoxia-inducible factors (hifs) are oxygen-dependent transcriptional activators, which play crucial roles in tumor angiogenesis and mammalian development, and regulate the transcription of genes involved in oxygen homeostasis in response to hypoxia. however, information on hif-1α and hif-2α in yak (bos grunniens) is scarce. the complete coding region of yak hif-2α was cloned, its mrna expression in several tissues were determined, and the expression levels were compared with those of closely re ... | 2015 | 25927169 |
| therapeutic effects of lactobacillus casei qian treatment in activated carbon-induced constipated mice. | in the present study, the therapeutic effects of lactobacillus casei qian (lc-qian), the key microorganism in tibetan yak yoghurt, on activated carbon-induced constipation were determined in vivo. icr mice were treated with lc-qian for nine days by oral administration. the body weight, defecation status, gastrointestinal transit and defecation time of mice were assessed, and the serum levels of motilin (mtl), gastrin (gas), endothelin (et), somatostatin (ss), acetylcholinesterase (ache), substan ... | 2015 | 25955533 |
| brief note :variability in the cathelicidin 6 (cathl-6) gene in tianzhu white yak from tibetan area in china. | cathelicidins are a major family of antimicrobial peptides (amps), an important component of innate immune system, playing a critical role in host defense and disease resistance in virtually all living species. polymorphism and functional studies on cathelicidin of tianzhu white yak contribute to understanding the specific innate immune mechanism in animals living at high altitudes in comparison to cattle and domesticated white yak. thirty-six individuals of tianzhu white yak, originating from t ... | 2015 | 25966077 |
| prevalence of sulfonamide and florfenicol resistance genes in escherichia coli isolated from yaks (bos grunniens) and herdsmen in the tibetan pasture. | to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and prevalence of resistance genes in escherichia coli isolated from yaks (bos grunniens) and herdsmen in nine plateau pastures in tibet, we isolated 184 nonidentical strains of e. coli from yaks and herdsmen. antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 15 antimicrobials was conducted and the prevalence of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, and sul3) and florfenicol resistance genes (flor, cfr, cmla, fexa, pexa, and estdl136) was determin ... | 2015 | 25973625 |
| [role of laboratory methods in epidemic control of brucellosis outbreaks in moscow zoo nursery]. | evaluation of the role of contemporary methods in epidemic control of brucellosis outbreaks among employees of auxiliary facilities in moscow zoo nursery. | 2015 | 26016341 |
| seroprevalence of bluetongue virus in domestic yaks (bos grunniens) in tibetan regions of china based on circulating antibodies. | the bluetongue (bt) is an infectious, non-contagious disease of ruminants with a substantial impact on income and welfare of animals. to date, scarce information about this disease in domestic yaks is available in tibetan area of china. seroprevalence of circulating antibodies to bluetongue virus (btv) in yaks from three regions of tibet and hongyuan area of sichuan province in china was investigated by a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. a total of 736 blood samples ... | 2015 | 26017752 |
| isolation and cdna characteristics of mhc-dra genes from gayal (bos frontalis) and gaytle (bos frontalis × bos taurus). | the mammalian major histocompatibility complex (mhc) plays important roles in pathogen recognition and disease resistance. in the present study, the coding sequence and the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of mhc class ii dr alpha chain (the dra gene) from rare gayal and gaytle were cloned and analyzed to dissect structural and functional variations. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences for the dra genes in gayal (bofr-dra) and gaytle (bofr × bola-dra) were almost identical to those for cattle ... | 2015 | 26019617 |
| epigenetic regulation of bovine spermatogenic cell-specific gene boule. | non-primate mammals have two deleted azoospermia (daz) family genes, dazl and boule; genes in this family encode rna-binding proteins essential for male fertility in diverse animals. testicular dazl transcription is regulated by epigenetic factors such as dna methylation. however, nothing is known about the epigenetic regulation of boule. here, we explored the role of dna methylation in the regulation of the bovine boule (bboule) gene. we found that a long cpg island (cgi) in the bboule promoter ... | 2015 | 26030766 |
| seroprevalence, risk factors and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii in free-range white yaks (bos grunniens) in china. | the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence, risk factors and genotypes of toxoplasma gondii in white yaks (bos grunniens) in china. a total of 974 serum samples were collected from white yaks in tianzhu tibetan autonomous county (ttac), gansu province, northwest china for detecting t. gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test (mat), and 414 tissues belonging to 138 white yaks were collected for detecting t. gondii dna by amplification of b1 gene with a semi-nested ... | 2015 | 26038187 |
| effects of grazing and precipitation on herbage biomass, herbage nutritive value, and yak performance in an alpine meadow on the qinghai-tibetan plateau. | the qinghai-tibetan plateau is a very large land unit and an important terrestrial ecosystem within the eurasian continent. because of the harsh climate associated with the high altitude, alpine meadows on the plateau are susceptible to degradation from overgrazing. for this region, and for other alpine meadow pastures internationally, there is a need to define the sustainable stocking rate, to develop sound policy pertaining to future land use. here we report biomass and liveweight gain per ani ... | 2015 | 26039322 |
| association of heat shock protein 90 with the developmental competence of immature oocytes following cryotop and solid surface vitrification in yaks (bos grunniens). | the correlation between the 90 kda heat-shock protein (hsp90) and the developmental competence of yak (bos grunniens) oocytes following the process of vitrification has not been studied clearly. in the present study, we compare the efficacies of cryotop (ct) and solid surface vitrification (ssv) methods for the cryopreservation of immature yak oocytes. yak cumulus oocyte complexes were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) controls, (2) ct vitrification, and (3) ssv vitrification. oocytes we ... | 2015 | 26049112 |
| [peculiarities of the clinical course of ulcerative colitis, depending on the spectrum of cross-linked autoantibodies from the same family to antigens of neutrophils]. | there were found that patients with ulcerative colitis (uc) in the presence of two types of autoantibodies to antigens of neutrophils is observed in less pronounced activity in the course of the disease compared with those patients with a spectrum of autoantibodies one of the wider family. the patients with three or more types of antibodies from the same family, cross-linked, ware accompanied by an increase in clinical and endoscopic disease activity. it is shown that a--greater range of autoant ... | 2014 | 26058110 |
| identification and characterization of chlamydia abortus isolates from yaks in qinghai, china. | recently, the yak population has exhibited reproductive disorders, which are considered to be associated with chlamydia abortus (c. abortus) in qinghai, china. in this study, a total of 9 aborted fetuses (each from a different herd) and 126 vaginal swab samples from the 9 herds were collected and analyzed. c. abortus dna was detected from all of the 9 aborted fetuses and 30 of the 126 vaginal swab samples (23.81%) from yak cows in the selected herds. four c. abortus strains were isolated from em ... | 2015 | 26060818 |
| insulinlike growth factor i improves yak (bos grunniens) spermatozoa motility and the oocyte cleavage rate by modulating the expression of bax and bcl-2. | the aim of our present study was to examine the effects of insulinlike growth factor 1 (igf-1) on yak sperm motility during in vitro capacitation and the relationship between the effects of igf-1 on yak sperm motility and apoptosis was evaluated. frozen-thawed yak spermatozoa were incubated at 38 °c for 1 hour in tyrode's bicarbonate-buffered medium for sperm culture (sp-talp) with different concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 200 ng/ml) of igf-1. in every treatment, the sperm motility was measured ... | 2015 | 26065339 |
| genome-wide characterization of perfect microsatellites in yak (bos grunniens). | microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (ssrs) constitute a significant portion of genomes and play an important role in gene function and genome organization. the availability of a complete genome sequence for yak (bos grunniens) has made it possible to carry out genome-wide analysis of microsatellites in this species. we analyzed the abundance and density of perfect ssrs in the yak genome. we found a total of 723,172 ssrs with 1-6 bp nucleotide motifs, indicating that about 0.47 % of the ya ... | 2015 | 26071092 |
| effect of dna extraction methods on the apparent structure of yak rumen microbial communities as revealed by 16s rdna sequencing. | to more efficiently identify the microbial community of the yak rumen, the standardization of dna extraction is key to ensure fidelity while studying environmental microbial communities. in this study, we systematically compared the efficiency of several extraction methods based on dna yield, purity, and 16s rdna sequencing to determine the optimal dna extraction methods whose dna products reflect complete bacterial communities. the results indicate that method 6 (hexadecyltrimethylammomium brom ... | 2015 | 26094313 |
| molecular characterization and epigenetic regulation of mei1 in cattle and cattle-yak. | mei1 is required for the homologous recombination of meiosis during the mammalian spermatogenesis. however, the knowledge about bovine mei1 (bmei1) is still limited. in the present study, we cloned and characterized the bmei1, and investigated the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of bmei1 expression in vivo and in vitro. the full length coding region of bmei1 was 3819bp, which encoded a polypeptide of 1272 amino acids. real-time pcr showed that the mrna expression level of bmei1 in the testis of ... | 2015 | 26165450 |
| bluetongue in europe and the role of wildlife in the epidemiology of disease. | the article reviews a current bluetongue (bt) epidemiological situation in europe, bt restricted zones and the role of wild ungulates as a reservoir for bluetongue virus (btv) and its transmission. bt has been eradicated from central and northern europe, however it is still circulating in some regions of southern and south-eastern europe. according to the recent information of the directoriate general for health and consumer affairs (dg sanco) disease caused by btv1 was spreading at the beginnin ... | 2015 | 26172200 |
| influence of succinylation on physicochemical property of yak casein micelles. | succinylation is a chemical-modification method that affects the physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of proteins. this study assessed the influence of succinylation on the physicochemical properties of yak casein micelles. the results revealed that surface hydrophobicity indices decreased with succinylation. additionally, denaturation temperature and denaturation enthalpy decreased with increasing succinylation level, except at 82%. the buffering properties of yak casein mi ... | 2016 | 26213046 |
| data from proteomic characterization and comparison of mammalian milk fat globule proteomes by itraq analysis. | milk fat globules memebrane (mfgm)-enriched proteomes from holstein, jersey, yak, buffalo, goat, camel, horse, and human were extracted and identified by an itraq quantification proteomic approach. proteomes data were analyzed by bioinformatic and multivariate statistical analysis and used to present the characteristic traits of the mfgm proteins among the studied mammals. the data of this study are also related to the research article "proteomic characterization and comparison of mammalian milk ... | 2015 | 26217709 |