Publications

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pregnancy diagnosis tests in farm animals (using the common indian toad, bufo melanostictus schneid). 195014782394
[the male bufo melanostictus as a test animal in the diagnosis of pregnancy]. 195024538165
studies on sex hormones; sperm test of pregnancy utilizing male toad, bufo melanostictus schneid., as test animal. 195015415141
a new method of assay of human chorionic gonadotrophin utilising male toad, bufo melanostictus schnied. 195114814621
pregnancy tests on the male toad bufo melanostictus at dacca (east pakistan). 195613332701
lipid distribution in the tissues of hibernating and non-hibernating toad (bufo melanostictus)--a histochemical study. i. sudanophilia, unsaturated lipid and plasmalogen. 196014425084
auxetic growth in the javanese toad, bufo melanostictus.morphologically, it has been found that erythrocyte size in the javanese toad is greater in large than in small animals, and preliminary data indicate that the same is true of kidney, intestinal, and liver cells. physiologically, the hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, specific gravity of the whole blood, and the liver glycogen concentration also increase with the size of the animals.196117754653
parotoid secretions of indonesian toads.a preliminary study of the parotoid secretions of bufo melanostictus and b. asper shows that a methanol extract is rich in digitalis-like bodies (bufo-dienolides) and that an acid extract contains indolethylamine derivatives.196213906394
histochemical studies on the nature of bidder's organ in toad (bufo melanostictus). 196314085308
metabolic pattern in hibernating toad (bufo melanostictus). a histochemical study of dehydrogenase and esterase. 196314108959
histological reactions of bufo melanostictus to culture filtrates and mycelial extracts of a pathogenic fungus. 196414228867
effect of carbon tetrachloride intoxication on the liver of toad (bufo melanosticus). 19645859210
fungal disease of malayan toads (bufo melanostictus). 19645874144
body fluid and hematological changes in hypophysectomized toad (bufo melanostictus). 19655875154
hepatic parenchymal cell and nuclear volume in hypophysectomized toad (bufo melanostictus). 19655872626
plasma electrolyte concentration in toad (bufo melanostictus) during hibernation and nonhibernation. 196514293866
oxygen and carbon dioxide content of blood in toad (bufo melanostictus) during hibernation and non-hibernation. 19665967687
plasma proteins and non-protein nitrogen in toad (bufo melanostictus) during hibernation and non-hibernation. 19665943593
ascorbic acid and adrenal cortical activity in cold exposed toads (bufo melanostictus). 19664968870
water uptake by bufo melanostictus, as affected by osmotic gradients, vasopressin and temperature.1. the rate of water uptake across the skin was studied in the live toad, bufo melanostictus. when toads were kept in distilled water at 29 degrees c the uptake of water amounted to 16.9 +/- 1.3 mul./cm(2)/hr; when bathed in sucrose or urea solutions, the water uptake diminished with increasing osmotic pressure. there was no water uptake observed when toads were kept in 200 m-osmolar sucrose or urea.2. intramuscular injections of vasopressin increased the rate of water uptake from distilled wate ...19676049006
body fluid and hematological changes in castrated toad (bufo melanostictus). 19675582901
effects of psoralene on pigmentation in the hypophysectomized toad (bufo melanostictus). 19675589138
ascorbic acid and testicular activity in heat-exposed toad (bufo melanostictus). 19676058912
natriferic and hydrosmotic effects of neurohypophysial peptides and their analogues in augmenting fluid uptake by bufo melanostictus.1. the effect of intramuscular injection of 8-arginine vasotocin, 8-arginine vasopressin, 8-lysine vasopressin, oxytocin, 8-ornithine oxytocin and 8-ornithine vasopressin on fluid uptake across the skin was studied in the live toad, bufo melanostictus, bathed either in distilled water or in nacl solution (0.1 g/100 ml.).2. when the bathing solution was distilled water, 8-arginine vasotocin was the most potent, 0.14 nmole/kg augmenting the rate of fluid uptake by 50%. compared with it the others ...19685675041
effect of estrogen on the vocal sac pigmentation, throat colouration and the nature of croaking in the toad (bufo melanostictus) during breeding season. 19685721744
induction of gonadal maturation followed by throat skin colouration and vocal sac pigmentation in immature male toads (bufo melanosticus) by chorionic gonadotrophin. 19685721741
studies on the nature of gonadal status and vocal sac pigmentation of toad (bufo melanosticus) during hibernation and on gonadotrophin therapy. 19685721735
histochemical changes in the kidney of toad (bufo melanostictus) after carbon tetrachloride intoxication. 19685720219
effect of hypophysectomy, castration and testosterone propionate on the kidney of toad (bufo melanostictus). 19684974895
tyrosine and melanin contents in liver of tadpoles at various stages of development (bufo melanostictus and rana tigrina). 19684972845
cytological deterioration in the adenohypophysial gonadotrophs of bufo melanostictus during hibernation. 19695791658
castration effect on throat skin colouration and vocal sac pigmentation in the toad (bufo melanostictus). 19695358575
influence of hypophysial gonadotropins on the kidney of toad (bufo melanostictus). 19694981138
the use of tadpoles of bufo melanostictus (schneider), rhacophorus leucomystax maculatus (gray) and uperodon sp. in the bioassay of aflatoxins. 19695797383
water uptake by the crab-eating frog rana cancrivora, as affected by osmotic gradients and by neurohypophysial hormones.1. the rate of water uptake across the skin was investigated in live rana cancrivora, an euryhaline frog which has been reported to tolerate sea water. when they were exposed to distilled water at 29 degrees c, the rate of water uptake was 8.4 +/- 0.4 mul./cm(2).hr; when bathed in solutions ranging from 30 to 570 m-osmole/l., irrespective of whether the solute was sucrose, urea or nacl, the rate of fluid uptake during the first day was inversely related to the osmolarity of the solution. no appr ...19705503862
effect of neurohypophysial hormones on fluid movement across isolated bladder of rana cancrivora, rana temporaria and bufo melanostictus.1. the rate of fluid movement across the wall of isolated amphibian urinary bladder was estimated using hemi-bladders of the tropical euryhaline rana cancrivora, the temperate r. temporaria and the tropical bufo melanostictus.2. the rate of water outflow across the bladder walls was: rana cancrivora, 4.8 mul./cm(2).hr; r. temporaria, 7.2 mul./cm(2).hr; bufo melanostictus, 3.7 mul./cm(2).hr.3. when neurohypophysial peptides were added to the serosal solution the rates of water outflow were increa ...19705500771
compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral testis after unilateral castration in the toad, bufo melanostictus (schn). 19705444848
plasma specific gravity, blood coagulation & erythrocyte sedimentation rate in toad, bufo melanostictus, during hibernation & nonhibernation. 19705469130
effects of testosterone and estrogen on the ascorbic acid biosynthesis in the kidney of toad (bufo melanostictus). 19705488431
studies on haemoglobin from the indian toad, bufo melanostictus, by electron microscopy. 19715171838
a cholinesterase study of the enteric plexuses in the toad (bufo melanostictus). 19715132822
yellow fluorescent cells in the intestinal submucosa of the toad (bufo melanostictus). 19714109263
the submucous plexus in the small intestine of the toad (bufo melanostictus). 19714108798
delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase & glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in testis of toad, bufo melanostictus (schneider). 19724665439
effect of thyroxine on melanin content in liver of toad (bufo melanostictus). 19725009075
topography of nerve components within the ventricular myocardium of bufo melanosticus. 19724654723
lymphoid aggregations in the oesophagus of the toad (bufo melanostictus). 19724639722
electroencephalographic studies in toad (bufo melanostictus) following prolonged exposure to heat during hibernation and non-hibernation. 19734772044
fate of angiotension i in the total bufo melanostictus.1. the effects of angiotensin i and ii on the blood pressure of pithed toads and the disappearance of angiotensin i and ii in the perfused organs of the toad were studied.2. angiotensin i was relatively inactive on the blood pressure of pithed toads; it exhibited less than 3% of the pressor activity of angiotensin ii.3. angiotensin i was not converted to angiotensin ii during passage through the lungs. there was also no evidence of net conversion during passage through the kidney and hind quarte ...19734357961
the myenteric plexus in the oesophagus of the toad (bufo melanostictus). 19734713099
letter: mortality of the toad bufo melanostictus after whole-body x-irradiation. 19744547450
effect of experimentally induced anemia on the testicular activity of the toad (bufo melanostictus). 19744822551
ulcerogenic effect of steroids in 'shay' operated toads bufo melanostictus schneider. 1975173651
testicular delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in toad (bufo melanostictus) following prolonged exposure to heat.in contrast to our previous observation of increased activity of testicular delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in toad with relation to the moderate rise of external temperature (40 degrees c), the present observation, however, shows a significant fall of this enzyme in the testis of toads exposed to a considerably high temperature (48 degrees c). the possible mechanism of action of heat on testicular steroid hormone synthesis has been discussed.1975814772
histochemical observations on the mucins of the gastrointestinal tract in the toad (bufo melanostictus).the pattern of mucin secretion of the gastrointestinal tract of the toad (b. melanostictus) was investigated by histochemical methods. the goblet cells of the oesophagus secreted mainly acid mucins which were sialomucins, while the cells lining the surface of the stomach produced neutral mucins only. goblet cells of the small intestine and cloaca secreted acid mucins, which were predominently sulphated mucins.19751136708
cellular composition of the islets of langerhans in the himalayan toad, bufo melanostictus (schneider): a light microscopical study.the pancreatic islet tissue of bufo melanostictus, investigated by differential staining techniques, is generally condensed in the anterior and middle regions, and contains distinguishable islets of various size, shape and or irregular configuration. histologically, 3 distinct cell types have been identified: b, a1 and a2. various tinctorial characteristics of b cells reveal that they correspond to the insulin producing b-cells of other vertebrates. the a cells are a few in number, some of which ...197553955
effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on the testicular delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase and spermatogenesis in hibernating toad (bufo melanostictus).a histochemical study of testicular delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3 beta-ohd) and a quantitative study of seminiferous tubules in hibernating toad following the administration of hcg revealed stimulation in the activity of the enzyme delta 5-3 beta-ohd and the spermatogenesis by increasing spermiation, meiotic division and the maturation of secondary spermatogonia.1976954688
observations on phospholipids in adrenal body of toad bufo melanostictus. 1976992814
testicular histology in toad (bufo melanostictus) following prolonged heat exposure.a quantitative study of changes in the seminiferous tubule and the measurement of leydig cell area were performed in the testis of toads exposed to 48 degrees c for 8 days. the frequency of occurrence of stages i and ii was not affected whereas stages iii and iv were influenced by the exposure to heat. the number of primary spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes in stages iii and iv were significantly decreased. the spermatocytes in stages iii and iv were injured in the exposed toads. the are ...19761009900
influence of gonadal hormones on the developing amphibian brain: changes in ribonucleic acid, protein and activity levels of acetylcholinesterase on in vivo administration of progesterone.the levels of rna and protein and activity levels of acetylcholinesterase decreased in the brain of developing tadpoles of 13-15-day-old bufo melanostictus on in vivo administration of progesterone (200 mug/0.1 ml refined peanut oil). these changes suggest decelaration in the activity of the protein-synthetic machinery in progesterone administered animals.1976950015
a simple approach to the toad's (bufo melanostictus) nerve muscle preparation.a simple and modified dorsal approach method has been made in the toad's (bufo melanostictus) sciatic gastrocnemius nerve-muscle preparation. this method incurs less blood loss, time consumption, nerve damage and visceral spoil compared to conventional ventral approach method.19761278302
effect of ascorbic acid on pigmentation of toad (bufo melanostictus).administration of ascorbic acid in toad during breeding season results an increase in melanin pigments in skin, liver and vocal sac.19761278298
effect of cadmium on spermatogenesis in toad (bufo melanostictus).a quantitative study of seminiferous tubules in toad treated with a single subcutaneous injection of cadmium chloride, showed that 7 days after cadmium injection some stages of spermatogenesis consisting of secondary spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes were decreased significantly.19761009912
some ultrastructural observations on the intestinal mucosa of the toad (bufo melanostictus).an ultrastructural study of the mucous membrane of the small intestine in the toal (bufo melanostictus) has shown that in the epithelium, besides the typical epithelial lining cells, non-epithelial cell types, including lymphocytes, macrophases, plasma cells, eosinophils and neutrophils are present. these non-epithelial cell types are also encountered in the lamina propria, which also contains numerous fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and mast cells. the ultrastructural features of toad intestin ...1977870472
testicular leydia cells and delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in cadmium-treated toads (bufo melanostictus). 1977191289
histochemical study of normal & denervated gastrocnemius muscle of frog rana tigrina & toad bufo melanostictus. 1977892871
effect of estrogen on the melanin content of liver of toad (bufo melanostictus).estrogen injection (1 microgram/g of body weight, single injection) reduced significantly the melanin content of liver of both male and female toads. estrogen at the dose of 0.1 microgram/g did not cause any change in the amount of melanin in liver of toads. with higher doses of the hormone (2 microgram/g, single injection) the melanin content of liver tended to decrease further but the differences was not statistically significant in comparison with the results of injection of 1 microgram of es ...1977914010
action of testosterone in melanin metabolism in liver of toad (bufo melanostictus).the melanin content of liver of male toad was altered by testosterone injection. a single injection of testosterone at a dose of 1 microgram/g or 2 microgram/g of body weight caused an increase in melanin content of liver of male toad on the 3rd and 5th day after injection. with lower doses (0.1 microgram/g and 0.5 microgram/g), however, there was no alteration of melanin content of liver. compared to the results obtained with 1 microgram of testosterone per g of body weight, the degree of respo ...1977923527
urinary indole profile of bufo melanostictus during hydroquinone-induced leucoderma and its regeneration.the abnormal urinary indole profile induced by hydroquinone has been found to be reversed by psoralene, a pigmentogenic drug in vitiligo.1977890976
studies on toad (bufo melanostictus) egg coat jelly glycoprotein: part i--isolation, chemical composition & biological role. 1978753747
ontogeny of photomechanical movements of retinal pigment in response to light & dark in the toad bufo melanostictus (schneider). 1978680851
a basic experimental approach in perspective of pineal and melatonin involvement in photoperiod-induced alteration of spermatogenesis in toad (bufo melanostictus).blinding decreases spermatogenesis along with leydig cell degeneration in toad. pinealectomy decreases spermatogenesis with an increase in leydig cell activity. melatonin decreases spermatogenesis as well the leyding cells. possibly pineal and melatonin possess an inverse relationship with light and inhibit testis.1978668638
effect of continuous light and darkness on the testicular histology of toad (bufo melanostictus).continuous darkness decreases spermatogenesis as well as leydig cell function whereas continuous illumination suppresses spermatogenesis along with increased leydig cell activity.1978668630
interrelationship of tryptophan pyrrolase with tyrosinase in melanogenesis of bufo melanostictus.tryptophan pyrrolase, a microsomal enzyme responsible for the break-down of tryptophan, has been detected in bufo melanostictus. the enzyme has been found to be deactivated under influence of antivitiligo drug psoralene and activated by hydroquinone, an inhibitor of tyrosinase. tryptophan pyrrolase has been found to have an antagonistic relationship with tyrosinase in bufo melanostictus. the implication of the results has been discussed in relation to melanogenesis in vitiligo.1978412623
the effects of dexamethasone on the growth of gamma-irradiated tadpoles.a plausible hypothesis as to the mode of action of dexamethasone (dxm) has been proposed. growth of irradiated tadpoles of bufo melanostictus, treated daily with the corticoid, is more suppressed. compared with its antagonism with acth, its coordinate promotion of tsh production accelerates metamorphosis. this modulated feedback is consistent with the constant course of the hypothalamic nuclei influence upon the adenohypophyseal hormones.1979231373
chemical constituents of vietnamese toad venom collected from bufo melanostictus schneider. part i. the sterols. 1979542013
the effects of dexamethasone (dxm) and vitamin a on the growth and metamorphosis of gamma irradiated thyroxine induced bufo melanostictus tadpoles. 19807465810
effect of cyproterone acetate & cyproterone acetate + ascorbic acid on pars distalis of the toad bufo melanostictus. 19817338363
studies on the erythropoietic effect of testosterone in toad (bufo melanostictus). 19817262040
body fluid and hematologic changes in the toad exposed to 48 h of simulated high altitude.body fluid and hematologic changes were found in three groups of adult male toads that had been exposed to 48 h of continuous simulated altitudes of 12,000, 18,000, and 24,000 ft, respectively. erythrocyte counts and hematocrit ratios were increased significantly in all the high-altitude-exposed animals compared with the control group of animals kept at sea level, whereas the hemoglobin concentrations were significantly increased only in the 18,000- and 24,000-ft-exposed animals. exposure to hig ...19817298419
a histometric comparison of leydig cells in hibernating and nonhibernating toads (bufo melanostictus). 19826819956
effect of morning and evening injections of melatonin on the testis of toad (bufo melanostictus). 19827151747
leydig cell and delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the testis of toad (bufo melanostictus) following cold exposure. 19826955183
effect of estradiol-17 beta, estradiol-17 beta + homoplastic pars distalis extract, estradiol-17 beta + testosterone & testosterone on spermatogenesis, leydig cells & thumb pads in the toad bufo melanostictus (schn.). 19827118204
histochemical studies on the effect of thyroid hormone on alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in liver of fish and amphibia.the lata fishes (ophicephalus punctatus) showed increased alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in liver after immersion for 15-30 days in thyroxine-containing medium (0.025 mug/ml). a single injection of thyroxine (1-2 mug/g of body weight) caused increased acid phosphatase activity in liver of lata fish in comparison to the controls on the 5th day after experiment but the alkaline phosphatase activity remained unchanged. both alkaline and acid phosphatases showed increased activities in liv ...19831001271
progonadal effect of melatonin on dark exposed or blinded male toads, bufo melanostictus. 19836653837
effect of age and sex on the ascorbic acid content of kidney, skeletal muscle and pancreas of common indian toad, bufo melanostictus.ascorbic acid decreases from age-group i to ii in kidney, skeletal muscle, and increases in the pancreas of female. there is no significant change in the pancreas of male toad. there is an increase in the ascorbic acid content from age group ii to iii except in the pancreas of females, where there is a decline of the content. ascorbic acid remains constant in age-group iv except in the kidney of female, skeletal muscle of both sexes showing an increase and decrease of the value respectively. sex ...19846734770
influence of pineal gland on spermatogenesis of toad (bufo melanostictus).the relationship between the pineal gland and testes of the toad was investigated in breeding and hibernating seasons. pinealectomy increased spermatogenesis in hibernating toads but it failed to exert any effect during the breeding season. the pineals were found to be active during hibernation and atrophied in the breeding season. it is speculated that the cyclic pineal activity might be responsible for the seasonal variation of spermatogenesis in the toad.19846714933
age-related changes of ascorbic acid content of liver and brain of common indian toad, bufo melanostictus.ascorbic acid content reaches a peak level in liver in group iii male toads and then declines significantly. but there is no significant age-related change in ascorbic acid in the brain of male toads or in liver and brain of female toads. sex comparison indicates that in females the content declines in the liver of age-group iii and increases in age-group ii, and there is an increase in the brain of age-group iii females over their male counterparts.19846499965
effect of oestradiol dipropionate and testosterone propionate on protein, rna and dna contents and rnase and dnase activity in the liver of the toad (bufo melanosticus).a single injection of oestradiol dipropionate increased the hsi and protein, rna and dna contents and decreased the rnase and dnase activities of the liver of male and female toads. the minimum effective dose of oestrogen required to induce most of these changes was found to be 1 microgram/g (single injection), but the liver rna content increased at the dose of 0.5 microgram/g. oestrogen in a dose of 0.1 microgram/g did not cause any of these changes in male and female toads. testosterone propio ...19846204504
regeneration of whole limbs from shank stumps in toad tadpoles treated with vitamin a.young tadpoles of the toad,bufo melanostictus (schneider), were immersed in 15 iu/ml vitamin-a palmitate solution for 3 days, only prior to amputation through the shank. in more than 65% of cases the resultant regenerates were whole limbs containing the skeletal elements from femur to phallanges; in several of them a new girdle had also differentiated. in others regenration had progressed only up to the blastema stage and postblastemic development was inhibited. opposite results were obtained wh ...198428305594
effect of cadmium chloride on steroidogenic enzymes in the bidder's organ of the toad (bufo melanostictus).injection of cadmium chloride in a toad increases both the delta 5-3 beta-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in bidder's organ.19846319175
melanophores in bufo melanostictus (schneider) tadpoles following exposure to the insecticide dimethoate. 19854074947
effect of thyroxine on hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity and glycogen content of toad (bufo melanostictus) and lata fish (ophicephalus punctatus) at different stages of life.the effects of thyroxine (t4) on hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity and glycogen content in toad (bufo melanostictus) and lata fish (ophicephalus punctatus) were studied in order to show the difference, if any in the enzyme activity and glycogen metabolism in their liver. thyroxine injections (1 microgram/g) for five consecutive days caused a reduction in hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity and glycogen content in toads of immature, juvenile and adult stages. in contrast, lata fish of dif ...19852990159
cytodifferentiation and immunocharacteristics of adenohypophysial cells in the toad, bufo melanostictus.employing the unlabelled antibody enzyme technique cytodifferentiation, immunocharacteristics and topographical distribution of melanotropic (msh), adrenocorticotropic (acth), thyrotropic (tsh), prolactin (prl), gonadotropic (gth) and growth hormone (gh) secreting cells in the embryonic/larval as well as adult pituitary gland of the common indian toad, bufo melanostictus, have been studied by using antisera raised in rabbit against mammalian hypophysial hormones. immunoreactive msh and acth cell ...19863026204
insecticidal toxicity and melanophores in bufo melanostictus (schneider) tadpoles: a comparative study. 19862429469
ontogeny of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system in the toad, bufo melanostictus: an immunohistochemical study.employing unlabeled antibody enzyme technique, the development of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the common indian toad, bufo melanostictus, has been studied by using antiserum raised in rabbit against bovine neurophysin. immunoreactivity to the antiserum is first observed at stage 22 (gosner, 1960) in the presumptive preoptic nucleus and at stage 23 in the presumptive median eminence and pars nervosa. as development proceeds, progressive increase in the immunoreactivity in all the c ...19873817441
effects of nicotine on spontaneous contractions of isolated atria of toad (bufo melanostictus).in toad atria, nicotine, at low concentrations (6.1 x 10(-6) m to 6.2 x 10(-5) m), produced a negative inotropic effect, and, at high concentrations (6.2 x 10(-4) m to 3.1 x 10(-3) m), a positive inotropic effect. the negative inotropism was potentiated by physostigmine or neostigmine and was antagonized by atropine or hemicholinium-3. the positive inotropism remained unaffected by exposure to phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine, propranolol, guanethidine, bretylium, hexamethonium, hemicholinium-3 or ...19873116957
effect of cyproterone acetate on testicular delta 5-3 beta- and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the toad (bufo melanostictus). 19872830150
small granule-containing cells in the heart of the toad (bufo melanostictus).this study reveals the presence of small granule-containing cells in the heart of the toad, bufo melanostictus. the cells were small in size (5-25 microns in diameter) and located in the interatrial septum. the small cells occurred singly or in small clusters within the cardiac ganglia or near the myocardial cells. they were characterized by numerous large dense core vesicles (80-300 nm) in their cytoplasm. with 5-hydroxydopamine treatment, the granularity of the large dense core vesicles was gr ...19883147691
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