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case series in patients with zoster-associated pain using mangifera indica l. extract.neuroimmune activation has been proposed as a source of new targets for therapeutic intervention in neuropathic pain. vimang® is an aqueous extract from mangifera indica l. (common mango) that is traditionally used in cuba for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunomodulatory properties. in the present case report, we determine its potential effects in patients with zoster-associated pain.201122189366
physiological age at harvest regulates the variability in postharvest ripening, sensory and nutritional characteristics of mango (mangifera indica l.) cv. coghshall due to growing conditions.climacteric fruits are harvested at the green-mature stage and ripen during their marketing cycle. however, growing conditions induce variability into the maturity stage of mangoes at harvest, with an impact on their final quality. assuming that the physiological age can be correctly evaluated by a criterion based on the variable chlorophyll fluorescence of the skin (f(v)) and that differences in physiological age depend on growing conditions, controlled stress experiments were carried out on ma ...201222102013
ethnopharmacological survey of annonaceae medicinal plants used to treat malaria in four areas of cameroon.malaria endemic countries have vital resources that are medicinal plants on which their traditional medicines depend. in some cameroonian settings, in addition to the commonly used potions from plants like alstonia boonei, zanthoxylum macrophylla and mangifera indica, other herbal species are being increasingly used to treat malaria. so, specialized traditional healers have developed alternative reasonably priced therapies, relying on the signs and/or symptoms of malaria. within this framework, ...201222079831
effects of modified atmosphere packaging on quality of 'alphonso' mangoes.postharvest quality of alphonso mangoes (mangifera indica l) is vital to ensure proper ripening and good quality. 500 g mature green mangoes, were subjected to three pre- packaging hot water dips (20, 30 & 40°c) for 40 min, two packaging films (opp unperforated and perforated), using three levels of gas concentrations of 25,50 and 75% v/v co2 treatments (balance n2) and stored at 10°c for 21 days. during the storage period headspace gas composition, weight loss, ascorbic acid, pulp firmness, ext ...201224293691
effects of extract from mangifera indica leaf on monosodium urate crystal-induced gouty arthritis in rats.the leaves of mangifera indica l. (anacardiaceae) is used as a medicinal material in traditional herb medicine for a long time in india, china, and other eastern asian countries. our present study investigated the therapeutic effects of the ethanol extract from mangifera indica (emi) in rat with monosodium urate (msu) crystals-induced gouty arthritis. effects of emi (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) administrated for 9 days on the ankle swelling, synovial tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α), and in ...201223304232
improved maturity and ripeness classifications of magnifera indica cv. harumanis mangoes through sensor fusion of an electronic nose and acoustic sensor.in recent years, there have been a number of reported studies on the use of non-destructive techniques to evaluate and determine mango maturity and ripeness levels. however, most of these reported works were conducted using single-modality sensing systems, either using an electronic nose, acoustics or other non-destructive measurements. this paper presents the work on the classification of mangoes (magnifera indica cv. harumanis) maturity and ripeness levels using fusion of the data of an electr ...201222778629
efficacy of extracts of immature mango on ovine gastrointestinal nematodes.the principal health problem in small ruminants is helminthiasis and the rapid development of nematode resistance to anthelminthics has limited the success of control in several countries, stimulating the search for alternatives. in this study, extracts of immature fruits of the mango mangifera indica l. var ubá were evaluated for inhibition of larval development and fecal egg count reduction in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. in the phytochemical analyses, tannins and ...201222773010
mango fruit peel and flesh extracts affect adipogenesis in 3t3-l1 cells.obesity is associated with many chronic disease states, such as diabetes mellitus, coronary disease and certain cancers, including those of the breast and colon. there is a growing body of evidence that links phytochemicals with the inhibition of adipogenesis and protection against obesity. mangoes (mangifera indica l.) are tropical fruits that are rich in a diverse array of bioactive phytochemicals. in this study, methanol extracts of peel and flesh from three archetypal mango cultivars; irwin, ...201222699857
brassinolide enhances cold stress tolerance of fruit by regulating plasma membrane proteins and lipids.how to enhance fruit tolerance to cold stress is an important biological interest. in this paper, we found that mango (mangifera indica l.) fruit treated with 10 μm brassinolide (bl) showed a higher tolerance to cold temperature of 5 °c. further, we compared the changes in expression profiles of plasma membrane (pm) proteins and the corresponding gene expressions between bl-treated and control fruit. fourteen differential proteins were positively identified by mass spectrometry, and were categor ...201222660900
purification of serine protease from mango (mangifera indica cv. chokanan) peel using an alcohol/salt aqueous two phase system.an alcohol/salt-based aqueous two-phase (atps) system, as a novel method of purification, was employed to purify serine proteases from mango (mangifera indica cv. chokanan) peel. the effectiveness of different parameters, such as type and concentration of alcohol (1-propanol, 2-propanol, and ethanol), type of salt (sodium citrate, potassium phosphate, and ammonium sulphate), ph, and nacl, on the purification and selective separation of serine protease was investigated. desirable conditions of pa ...201229243626
the morphological structure of leaves and the dust-retaining capability of afforested plants in urban guangzhou, south china.air pollution is a serious health problem throughout the world, exacerbating a wide range of respiratory and vascular illnesses in urban areas. the mass artificial plantation is very helpful to absorb dust and reduce pollution for conservation of the urban environment. the foliar surface of plants is an important receptor of atmospheric pollutants. therefore, selection of suitable plant species for urban environment is very important.201222614051
analgesic and cytotoxic activity of acorus calamus l., kigelia pinnata l., mangifera indica l. and tabernaemontana divaricata l.the aim of the study was to evaluate analgesic and cytotoxic activity of acorus calamus l., kigelia pinnata l., mangifera indica l., tabernaemontana divaricata l. extracts by using acetic acid-induced writhing method in mice and brine shrimp lethality assay.201222557926
comparison of efficiency of distance measurement methodologies in mango (mangifera indica) progenies based on physicochemical descriptors.we investigated seven distance measures in a set of observations of physicochemical variables of mango (mangifera indica) submitted to multivariate analyses (distance, projection and grouping). to estimate the distance measurements, five mango progeny (total of 25 genotypes) were analyzed, using six fruit physicochemical descriptors (fruit weight, equatorial diameter, longitudinal diameter, total soluble solids in °brix, total titratable acidity, and ph). the distance measurements were compared ...201222535394
molecular cloning and characterization of the genes encoding an auxin efflux carrier and the auxin influx carriers associated with the adventitious root formation in mango (mangifera indica l.) cotyledon segments.polar auxin transport (pat) plays an important role in the adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segments, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. in this study, we cloned a gene encoding an auxin efflux carrier (designated as mipin1), and we cloned four genes encoding auxin influx carriers (designated as miaux1, miaux2, miaux3 and miaux4). the results of a phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that mipin1 and the miauxs belong to plant pin and auxs/laxs groups. quantitative real-ti ...201222522578
2d-dige analysis of mango (mangifera indica l.) fruit reveals major proteomic changes associated with ripening.a comparative proteomic investigation between the pre-climacteric and climacteric mango fruits (cv. keitt) was performed to identify protein species with variable abundance during ripening. proteins were phenol-extracted from fruits, cyanine-dye-labeled, and separated on 2d gels at ph 4-7. total spot count of about 373 proteins spots was detected in each gel and forty-seven were consistently different between pre-climacteric and climacteric fruits and were subjected to lc-ms/ms analysis. functio ...201222504795
optimization of serine protease purification from mango (mangifera indica cv. chokanan) peel in polyethylene glycol/dextran aqueous two phase system.mango peel is a good source of protease but remains an industrial waste. this study focuses on the optimization of polyethylene glycol (peg)/dextran-based aqueous two-phase system (atps) to purify serine protease from mango peel. the activity of serine protease in different phase systems was studied and then the possible relationship between the purification variables, namely polyethylene glycol molecular weight (peg, 4000-12,000 g·mol(-1)), tie line length (-3.42-35.27%), nacl (-2.5-11.5%) and ...201222489172
optimization of freeze drying conditions for purified pectinase from mango (mangifera indica cv. chokanan) peel.response surface methodology (rsm) along with central composite design (ccd) was applied to optimize the freeze drying conditions for purified pectinase from mango (mangifera indica cv. chokanan) peel. the effect of pectinase content (-2.66, 62.66 mg/ml), arabic gum (-1.21, 10.21%, w/v), and maltodextrin (0.73, 7.26%, w/v) as independent variables on activity, yield, and storage stability of freeze-dried enzyme was evaluated. storage stability of pectinase was investigated after one week at 4 °c ...201222489134
extraction of dna suitable for pcr applications from mature leaves of mangifera indica l.good quality deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) is the pre-requisite for its downstream applications. the presence of high concentrations of polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, and other secondary metabolites in mango leaves poses problem in getting good quality dna fit for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) applications. the problem is exacerbated when dna is extracted from mature mango leaves. a reliable and modified protocol based on the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (ctab) method for dna extracti ...201222467363
evaluation of aluminum phosphide against wood-destroying insects.aluminum phosphide, a well-known stored grain fumigant, available in solid formulation, has shown promise as wood fumigant. this chemical decomposes to phosphine when exposed to moisture. the feasibility of fumigant treatment to extend the service life of wood was evaluated in a small block test of two wood species. hard wood (mangifera indica l.) and conifer blocks (pinus roxburghii sargent) were fumigated with different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6%) of aluminum phosphide. ...201222420265
development and application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for specific detection of mangiferin content in various cultivars of mangifera indica leaves using anti-mangiferin polyclonal antibody.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for determining mangiferin content in plant samples using a polyclonal antibody (pab) against mangiferin. the developed elisa showed a full measurement range from 0.12 to 31.25 μg/ml mangiferin with a relative standard deviation (rsd) less than 6% for both intra- and interassay precision levels. the accuracy was determined by a percent recovery experiment at three concentration levels and it showed 97.8%-103.7% recovery in mangifera indi ...201222394207
development and characterization of 20 new polymorphic microsatellite markers from mangifera indica (anacardiaceae).twenty microsatellite loci for mango (mangifera indica), an important commercial fruit tree in east asia, were developed to evaluate the genetic diversity and identification of cultivars.201222371856
assessing allometric models to predict vegetative growth of mango (mangifera indica; anacardiaceae) at the current-year branch scale.accurate and reliable predictive models are necessary to estimate nondestructively key variables for plant growth studies such as leaf area and leaf, stem, and total biomass. predictive models are lacking at the current-year branch scale despite the importance of this scale in plant science.201222362545
mangiferin exerts hepatoprotective activity against d-galactosamine induced acute toxicity and oxidative/nitrosative stress via nrf2-nfκb pathways.mangiferin, a xanthone glucoside, is well known to exhibit antioxidant, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and gene-regulatory effects. in the present study, we isolated mangiferin from the bark of mangifera indica and assessed its beneficial role in galactosamine (gal) induced hepatic pathophysiology. gal (400 mg/kg body weight) exposed hepatotoxic rats showed elevation in the activities of serum alp, alt, levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, lipid-peroxidation and reduction in the ...201222310181
perspectives on medicinal properties of mangiferin.mango tree, mangifera indica, has been cultivated in india and several other tropical countries for centuries, and it is a good source of compound 'mangiferin'. mangiferin's xanthonoid structure with c-glucosyl linkage and polyhydroxy component is believed to be crucial for its free radical-scavenging ability leading to a potent antioxidant effect. a number of biological activities of mangiferin have been suggested, including antidiabetic and antiinflammatory abilities. these might be explained ...201222303941
evaluation of processed green and ripe mango peel and pulp flours (mangifera indica var. chokanan) in terms of chemical composition, antioxidant compounds and functional properties.mango is a highly perishable seasonal fruit and large quantities are wasted during the peak season as a result of poor postharvest handling procedures. processing surplus mango fruits into flour to be used as a functional ingredient appears to be a good preservation method to ensure its extended consumption.201225363645
(1) h and (13) c nmr characterization of new cycloartane triterpenes from mangifera indica.from the stem bark of mangifera indica, seven cycloartane-type secondary metabolites were isolated. compound 1 has been isolated for the first time from m. indica, whereas compounds 2 (2a and 2b, as an epimeric mixture), 3, and 4 are new triterpenoid-type cycloartanes. unambiguous (13) c and (1) h nmr assignments for these compounds and the known compounds mangiferonic acid (compound 5), isomangiferolic acid (compound 6), ambolic acid (compound 7), and friedelin (compound 8) are reported; the la ...201222271257
host status of commercial mango cultivars to thaumatotibia leucotreta (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in south africa.the objective of this study was to determine the host status of commercially cultivated mango fruit, mangifera indica l. (anacardiaceae) to thaumatotibia leucotreta (meyrick) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in south africa. t. leucotreta was monitored with parapheromone traps in mango orchards in limpopo and mpumalanga from 2007 to 2010. fruit were inspected for the presence of t leucotreta eggs in mango orchards. mango fruit of the cultivars 'tommy atkins', 'kent', 'keitt', and 'sensation' were arti ...201223356058
some analytical assays for the determination of bioactivity of exotic fruits.the consumption of new exotic fruits, with their high nutritional and sensory value, has significantly increased in the past few years. among the tropical fruits durian (durio zibethinus murr.) is less known than mango (mangifera indica l.) and avocado (persea americana). it has been shown that durian, mango and avocado possessed high nutritional and bioactive properties, but these data were determined using different methods. in order to obtain reliable results we investigated samples of durian ...201220183860
quantification and purification of mangiferin from chinese mango (mangifera indica l.) cultivars and its protective effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells under h(2)o(2)-induced stress.mangiferin is a natural xanthonoid with various biological activities. quantification of mangiferin in fruit peel, pulp, and seed kernel was carried out in 11 chinese mango (mangifera indica l.) cultivars. the highest mangiferin content was found in the peel of lvpimang (lpm) fruit (7.49 mg/g dw). efficient purification of mangiferin from mango fruit peel was then established for the first time by combination of macroporous hpd100 resin chromatography with optimized high-speed counter-current ch ...201223109851
metabolism by grasshoppers of volatile chemical constituents from mangifera indica and solanum paniculatum leaves.the chemical volatiles from plant leaves and their biological activities have been extensively studied. however, no studies have addressed plant-chemical volatiles after undergoing the digestive process in host insects. here we describe for the first time chemical profiles of volatile constituents from solanum paniculatum and mangifera indica leaves metabolized by grasshoppers. both profiles were qualitatively and quantitatively different from the profiles of non-metabolized leaves. the amount o ...201223108151
allelic database and accession divergence of a brazilian mango collection based on microsatellite markers.allelic patterns and genetic distances were examined in a collection of 103 foreign and brazilian mango (mangifera indica) accessions in order to develop a reference database to support cultivar protection and breeding programs. an upgma dendrogram was generated using jaccard's coefficients from a distance matrix based on 50 alleles of 12 microsatellite loci. the base pair number was estimated by the method of inverse mobility. the cophenetic correlation was 0.8. the accessions had a coefficient ...201223096906
total phenolics, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant properties of fresh-cut mango (mangifera indica l., cv. tommy atkin) as affected by infrared heat treatment.mango (mangifera indica l.) is a major tropical fruit that has not been exploited for fresh-cut or minimally processed products on a scale similar to apples, pineapples, or melons. the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of infrared (ir) treatment on total phenolics, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant properties of fresh-cut cubes from 'tommy atkin' mangoes. mango cubes were ir treated (5, 10, 15 min) and evaluated at 4-d intervals during 16-d storage at 4 ± 1 °c. tota ...201223094872
effect of physico-chemical treatments on ripening behavior and post-harvest quality of amrapali mango (mangifera indica l.) during storage.an experiment was done to assess the effect of various physico-chemical treatments on ripening behavior and post harvest quality of mango cv. amrapali. the experiment was planned under completely randomized design (crd) with three replications. the treatment units was five fruits per replication. total 14 treatments were applied. out of these, ethrel 750 ppm treated fruits showed better results in respect of specific gravity (0.88), moisture loss (8.45%), decay (2.5%), total soluble solids (tss, ...201223033685
assessment of air pollution tolerance levels of selected plants around cement industry, coimbatore, india.being the second largest manufacturing industry in india, cement industry is one of the major contributors of suspended particulate matter (spm). since plants are sensitive to air pollution, introducing suitable plant species as part of the greenbelt around cement industry was the objective of the present study. suitable plant species were selected based on the air pollution tolerance index (apti) calculated by analyzing ascorbic acid (aa), ph, relative water content (rwc) and total chlorophyll ...201223029915
influence of polysaccharides and storage during processing on the properties of mango seed kernel extract (microencapsulation).extracts from mango (mangifera indica linn.) cultivar chok-anan seed kernels were studied as active substances, since they are known as a good source of phenolic antioxidants with metal chelating and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. response surface methodology (rsm) was used to investigate the effect of a combination of polysaccharides selected from gum arabic, maltodextrin and alginate on droplet size distribution, encapsulation efficiency (ee), stability and viscosity of w/o/w emulsions. in ...201225005966
proteomic analysis of an unsequenced plant--mangifera indica.mangifera indica (mango) is an important fruit crop in tropical countries with india being the leading producer in the world. substantial research efforts are being devoted to produce fruit that have desirable characteristics including those that pertain to taste, hardiness and resistance to pests. characterization of the genome and proteome of mango would help in the improvement of cultivars. as the mango genome has not yet been sequenced, we employed a mass spectrometry-based approach followed ...201222906602
reducing effect of mangiferin on serum uric acid levels in mice.mangiferin, a natural bioactive xanthone c-glycoside, is widely present in medicinal plants like the leaf of mangifera indica l. (anacardiaceae). it has been reported that mangiferin possesses a variety of biological activities, including antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic.201222881143
residue dynamics of spirotetramat and imidacloprid in/on mango and soil.spirotetramat is a unique insecticide having both phloem and xylem mobility and imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is one of the most widely used in the world. the combination formulation is very effective against sucking pests of mango. residue dynamics of spirotetramat and imidacloprid in/on mango and soil was studied following application of the combination formulation, spirotetramat 12% + imidacloprid 12% (240 sc) at 90 and 180 g a.i. ha(-1). spirotetramat residues in/on mango fruits ...201222872376
physical barriers to carotenoid bioaccessibility. ultrastructure survey of chromoplast and cell wall morphology in nine carotenoid-containing fruits and vegetables.the ultrastructural characterisation of cellular components is a key element in revealing the bases for differences in nutrient bioaccessibility among fruits and vegetables and their derived products. together, cell walls and chromoplasts constitute the two major physical barriers to carotenoid release from the food matrix (structure) during digestion. in general, larger cells with thinner cell walls are most likely to fail under mechanical pressure. in relation to chromoplasts, the substructure ...201222870847
antimutagenic properties of mangifera indica l. stem bark extract and evaluation of its effects on hepatic cyp1a1.mangifera indica stem bark extract (msbe) is a cuban natural product which has shown strong antioxidant properties. in this work, the antimutagenic effect of msbe was tested against 10 well-known mutagens/carcinogens in the ames test in the absence or presence of metabolic fraction (s9). the chemical mutagens tested included: cyclophosphamide, mitomycin c, bleomycin, cisplatin, dimethylnitrosamine (dmna), benzo[a]pyrene (bp), 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-aaf), sodium azide, 1-nitropyrene (1-np) and ...201222865094
investigation on the antioxidant activity of leaves, peels, stems bark, and kernel of mango (mangifera indica l.).bioactive polyphenols, cartenoids, and anthocyanins present in fruits and vegetables are receiving much attention because of their potential antioxidant activity. this study was conducted to determine antioxidant activity of leaves, peels, stem bark, and kernel of mango varieties langra and chonsa. total phenolic (tpc) and total flavonoid contents (tfcs) in segments of langra ranged from 63.89 to 116.80 mg gae/g dw and 45.56 to 90.89 mg ce/g dw, respectively, and that of chonsa were 69.24 to 122 ...201222860576
differentiation of mangoes (magnifera indica l.) conventional and organically cultivated according to their mineral content by using support vector machines.mangoes of uniform genetics (lippens variety) cultivated in the gomera island (canary islands) by conventional and organic farming were used to analyze the mineral content in order to differentiate crops cultivated in the same geographic area by the cultivation practices. farming differences as well as soil differences may be reflected in the mineral content of the mangoes cultivated in these extensions. concentration metal profiles consisting of the content of ca, co, cu, fe, k, mg, mn, na, ni ...201222841087
antidiarrhoeal efficacy of mangifera indica seed kernel on swiss albino mice.to examine the antidiarrhoeal activity of alcoholic and aqueous seed kernel extract of mangifera indica (m. indica) on castor oil-induced diarrhoeal activity in swiss albino mice.201222840451
cloning and expression of ethylene receptor ers1 at various developmental and ripening stages of mango fruit.ethylene induces characteristic ripening reactions in climacteric fruits through its binding to histidine-kinase (hk) receptors, activating the expression of ripening genes. ethylene receptors have been found in arabidopsis thaliana (brassicaceae) and some fruits; number and expression patterns differ among species. in mango, only ethylene receptor etr1 was known. we cloned ers1 cdna from mango, and evaluated the expression of mi-ers1 and mi-etr1 by qpcr in developmental and ripening stages of t ...201223079970
hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of standardized herbal extracts.phyllanthus emblica, camellia sinensis, mangifera indica, punica granatum, and acacia catechu have been shown to possess widespread pharmacological application against multitude of diseases namely cancer, diabetes, liver disorders, and oxidative stress.201222701284
the species composition of thrips (insecta: thysanoptera) inhabiting mango orchards in pulau pinang, malaysia.a field study was conducted at two localities on pulau pinang, malaysia, during two consecutive mango flowering seasons in 2009 to identify variations in the species composition of thrips infesting treated and untreated mango (mangifera indica l.) orchards. the co2 immobilisation technique and the cutting method were used to recover different thrips species from mango panicles and weed host plants, respectively. the mango panicles and various weed species within the treated orchard were found to ...201224575225
the treatment of jaundice with medicinal plants in indigenous communities of the sub-himalayan region of uttarakhand, india.inspite of tremendous advances made in allopathic medical practices, herbs still play an important role in the management of various liver diseases. a large number of plants and formulations have been claimed to have hepatoprotective activity. jaundice is a symptom, indicative of the malfunctioning of the liver. this paper provides ethnomedicinal information on the plants used to treat jaundice by three important indigenous communities, i.e., nomadic gujjars, tharu and bhoxa of sub-himalayan reg ...201222759701
fermentation of three varieties of mango juices with a mixture of saccharomyces cerevisiae and williopsis saturnus var. mrakii.this study was carried out to ascertain the behavior and fermentation performance of mixed yeasts in mango juices of three varieties. saccharomyces cerevisiae merit.ferm and williopsis saturnus var. mrakii ncyc500 at a ratio of 1:1000 were simultaneously inoculated into juices of three mango (mangifera indica l.) varieties (r2e2, harum manis and nam doc mai). both yeasts grew well in all juices and there was no early growth arrest of either yeast, but there was late death of w. saturnus var. mra ...201222800660
a 90 day chronic toxicity study of nigerian herbal preparation das-77 in rats.the herbal preparation das-77, used for the treatment of various ailments in nigeria, contains the milled bark of mangifera indica l. and root of carica papaya l. toxicological assessment of the preparation was carried out in this study.201222892317
understanding long-term fruit fly (diptera: tephritidae) population dynamics: implications for areawide management.fruit flies (diptera: tephritidae) are devastating agricultural pests worldwide but studies on their long-term population dynamics are sparse. our aim was to determine the mechanisms driving long-term population dynamics as a prerequisite for ecologically based areawide pest management. the population density of three pestiferous anastrepha species [anastrepha ludens (loew), anastrepha obliqua (macquart), and anastrepha serpentina (wiedemann)] was determined in grapefruit (citrus x paradisi macf ...201222812118
evidence for potential of managing some african fruit fly species (diptera: tephritidae) using the mango fruit fly host-marking pheromone.we investigated conspecific and heterospecific oviposition host discrimination among four economically important fruit fly pests of mango in africa (ceratitis capitata, wiedemann; c. fasciventris, bezzi; c. rosa, karsch, and c. cosyra, walker) with regard to host-marking behavior and fecal matter aqueous solutions. the objective of the study was to get insight into the potential of managing these pests using the host-marking technique. observations were done on mango slices marked by the flies a ...201223356072
hot-water phytosanitary treatment against ceratitis capitata (diptera: tephritidae) in 'ataulfo' mangoes.we determined the thermal death rate constants and mortality curves for the eggs and different instars of ceratitis capitata (mediterranean fruit fly) (wiedemann) submerged in isolation in water at 44, 46, and 48 degrees c and submerged within fruits of mangifera indica (mango) (l.) in water at 43.1, 44.1, 45.1, and 46.1 degrees c. the first instar was the most tolerant to this treatment, with estimated times for achieving 99.9968% mortality of 103.28, 92.73, and 92.49 min at temperatures of 43. ...201223356057
isolation and identification of host cues from mango, mangifera indica, that attract gravid female oriental fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis.the oriental fruit fly, bactrocera dorsalis, is an economically damaging, polyphagous pest of fruit crops in south-east asia and hawaii, and a quarantine pest in other parts of the world. the objective of our study was to identify new attractants for b. dorsalis from overripe mango fruits. headspace samples of volatiles were collected from two cultivars of mango, 'alphonso' and 'chausa', and a strong positive behavioral response was observed when female b. dorsalis were exposed to these volatile ...201222438014
biodegradation of selected nigerian fruit peels by the use of a non-pathogenic rhizobium species cwp g34b.this study was carried out to determine the ability of rhizobium species cwp g34b to degrade the peels of selected nigerian fruits. the potential of the bacterium to digest some carbon sources (lactose, maltose, sucrose and mannitol) and peels of some nigerian fruits (pineapple, orange, plantain, banana, pawpaw and mango fruits) was investigated by growing the organism on the substances separately after which dnsa reagent method was used to quantify glucose released into the medium. the results ...201223166567
inactivation of the catalytic subunit of camp-dependent protein kinase a causes delayed appressorium formation and reduced pathogenicity of colletotrichum gloeosporioides.the cyclic amp- (camp-) dependent protein kinase a signaling pathway is one of the major signaling pathways responsible for regulation of the morphogenesis and pathogenesis of several pathogenic fungi. to evaluate the role of this pathway in the plant pathogenic fungus, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of camp-dependent protein kinase a, cgpkac, was cloned, inactivated, and the mutant was analyzed. analysis of the cgpkac mutant generated via gene replacemen ...201222666136
evaluation of genotoxicity and dna protective effects of mangiferin, a glucosylxanthone isolated from mangifera indica l. stem bark extract.mangiferin is a glucosylxantone isolated from mangifera indica l. stem bark. several studies have shown its pharmacological properties which make it a promising candidate for putative therapeutic use. this study was focused to investigate the in vitro genotoxic effects of mangiferin in the ames test, sos chromotest and comet assay. the genotoxic effects in bone marrow erythrocytes from nmri mice orally treated with mangiferin (2000 mg/kg) were also evaluated. additionally, its potential antimuta ...201222749943
omani propolis: chemical profiling, antibacterial activity and new propolis plant sources.propolis (bee glue) is a resinous honeybee product having a long history of application in many countries as a traditional remedy for treating wounds, burns, soar throat, stomach disorders, etc. it has been proved to possess beneficial biological effects, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antiulcer, and many others. bees gather propolis from diverse resinous plant parts and in different phytogeographic regions its chemical composition might vary significantly. i ...201324053750
antibacterial efficacy of mangifera indica l. kernel and ocimum sanctum l. leaves against enterococcus faecalis dentinal biofilm.the enterococcus faecalis biofilm in the root canal makes it difficult to be eradicated by the conventional irrigants with no toxicity to the tissues. hence, plant products with least side effects are explored for their use as irrigants in the root canal therapy.201324082577
[analysis of the microbiological quality and potential presence of listeria monocytogenes in custard apple (annona muricata), mango (mangifera indica) and passion fruit (passiflora edulis) pulps from costa rica].the objective of this work was to determine some of the indicators associated to shelf life, hygiene, process and storage conditions for some of custard apple, mango and passion fruit pulps distributed by the main supermarket chains of the metropolitan area of san josé, costa rica, as well as to examine the potential presence of listeria monocytogenes in them. sixty fruit pulp samples were analyzed. tests included ph determination, total aerobic plate count, yeasts and mold count, lactic bacteri ...201324167958
an oxidoreductase from 'alphonso' mango catalyzing biosynthesis of furaneol and reduction of reactive carbonyls.two furanones, furaneol (4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2h)-furanone) and mesifuran (2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2h)-furanone), are important constituents of flavor of the alphonso cultivar of mango (mangifera indica). to get insights into the biosynthesis of these furanones, we isolated an enone oxidoreductase gene from the alphonso mango. it has high sequence similarity to an alkenal/one oxidoreductase from cucumber (79% identity) and enone oxidoreductases from tomato (73% identity) and strawberry (72% ...201324133645
phytoextracts-synthesized silver nanoparticles inhibit bacterial fish pathogen aeromonas hydrophila.fish disease is a major stumbling block towards sustainable growth of the fisheries sector. aeromonas hydrophila, which is a major infectious aquatic pathogen is reportedly the causative agent of ulcers, fin-rot, tail-rot, hemorrhagic septicemia in fish, and has reportedly developed resistance against many of the available antibiotics. in this context, the inhibitory function of silver nanoparticles (agnps) against a. hydrophila was studied to evaluate its possible application in aquaculture as ...201324426148
bioethanol production from leafy biomass of mango (mangifera indica) involving naturally isolated and recombinant enzymes.the present study describes the usage of dried leafy biomass of mango (mangifera indica) containing 26.3% (w/w) cellulose, 54.4% (w/w) hemicellulose, and 16.9% (w/w) lignin, as a substrate for bioethanol production from zymomonas mobilis and candida shehatae. the substrate was subjected to two different pretreatment strategies, namely, wet oxidation and an organosolv process. an ethanol concentration (1.21 g/l) was obtained with z. mobilis in a shake-flask simultaneous saccharification and ferme ...201323768115
a novel antibacterial and antifungal phenolic compound from the endophytic fungus pestalotiopsis mangiferae.a novel phenolic compound, 4-(2,4,7-trioxa-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-yl) phenol (1), was isolated from pestalotiopsis mangiferae, an endophytic fungus associated with mangifera indica linn. the structure of the compound was elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectral analysis (uv, ir, ¹h-, ¹³c- and 2d-nmr, as well as hresi-ms). compound (1) shows potent antibacterial and antifungal activity against bacillus subtilis, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus, pseudomonas aer ...201322950879
investigating alternatives to traditional insecticides: effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi and bacillus thuringiensis against citrus thrips and avocado thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae).citrus thrips, scirtothrips citri (moulton) (thysanoptera: thripidae), is a plant-feeding pest most widely recognized for causing damage to citrus (citrus spp. l. [rutaceae]) and mango (mangifera indica l. [anacardiaceae]) fruits. this insect has recently broadened its known host range to become a significant pest of california grown blueberries. avocado thrips, scirtothrips. perseae nakahara (thysanoptera: thripidae), is a recent, invasive pest of california avocados, persea americana mill. (la ...201323448016
evaluation of beauveria bassiana for management of citrus thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) in california blueberries.citrus thrips, scirtothrips citri (moulton), is a plant-feeding pest most widely recognized for causing damage to citrus and mango fruits. this insect has broadened its host range to become a significant pest of commercial blueberries grown in the san joaquin valley of california. we evaluated beauveria bassiana (balsamo) for control of citrus thrips in blueberries grown under two watering regimes (drip irrigation with and without overhead sprinklers) and using two fungal formulations (commercia ...201324224239
genome characterization of a novel burkholderia cepacia complex genomovar isolated from dieback affected mango orchards.we characterized the genome of the antibiotic resistant, caseinolytic and non-hemolytic burkholderia sp. strain tji49, isolated from mango trees (mangifera indica l.) with dieback disease. this isolate produced severe disease symptoms on the indicator plants. next generation dna sequencing and short-read assembly generated the 60x deep 7,631,934 nucleotide draft genome of burkholderia sp. tji49 which comprised three chromosomes and at least one mega plasmid. genome annotation studies revealed a ...201323653265
effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the physiology of manila mango.manila mangoes (mangifera indica l.) have sensory characteristics that make them attractive for consumption as a fresh fruit. a large portion of the annual yield of this fruit is infested by the mexican fruit fly (anastrepha ludens), adversely impacting the quality of the crop. hence, it is necessary to develop economically viable postharvest treatments to reduce the damage caused by this insect. currently, high hydrostatic pressures are used to guarantee the safety of many processed foods. the ...201323504511
anastrepha egg deposition induces volatiles in fruits that attract the parasitoid fopius arisanus.fopius arisanus is a solitary egg-pupal endoparasitoid that attacks several species of tephritid fruit flies, particularly bactrocera spp. this species, indigenous from the indo-australian region, was introduced into mexico for biological control purposes. from the standpoint of the 'new associations' concept this parasitoid has been evaluated against fruit flies in the anastrepha complex. we investigated the specificity of f. arisanus responses to fruits infested with two species of anastrepha. ...201323217412
a phylogenetic re-evaluation of phyllosticta (botryosphaeriales).phyllosticta is a geographically widespread genus of plant pathogenic fungi with a diverse host range. this study redefines phyllosticta, and shows that it clusters sister to the botryosphaeriaceae (botryosphaeriales, dothideomycetes), for which the older family name phyllostictaceae is resurrected. in moving to a unit nomenclature for fungi, the generic name phyllosticta was chosen over guignardia in previous studies, an approach that we support here. we use a multigene dna dataset of the its, ...201324302788
antioxidant potential of a polyherbal antimalarial as an indicator of its therapeutic value.nefang is a polyherbal product composed of mangifera indica (bark and leaf), psidium guajava, carica papaya, cymbopogon citratus, citrus sinensis, and ocimum gratissimum (leaves), used for the treatment of malaria. compounds with antioxidant activity are believed to modulate plasmodial infection. antioxidant activity of the constituent aqueous plants extracts, in vitro, was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph), total phenolic content (tpc), and ferric reducing antioxidant pow ...201324454347
ogataea kanchanaburiensis sp. nov. and ogataea wangdongensis sp. nov., two novel methylotrophic yeast species from phylloplane in thailand.three strains (km03(t), km13 (t) and km15) representing two novel methylotrophic yeast species were isolated from the external surface of plant leaves, which were collected from kanchanaburi province, thailand, by three-consecutive enrichments in methanol broth. strain km03(t) was isolated from phylloplane of a mango tree (mangifera indica) and two strains, km13(t) and km15, were obtained from phylloplane of different wine grapes (vitis vinifera). the sequences of the d1/d2 region of the large s ...201323104074
antibacterial effect of mango (mangifera indica linn.) leaf extract against antibiotic sensitive and multi-drug resistant salmonella typhi.alternative herbal medicine has been used to treat various infections from centuries. natural plants contain phytoconstituents having similar chemical properties as of synthetic antibiotics. typhoid fever is a serious infection and failure of its treatment emerged multi-drug resistant (mdr) bugs of salmonella typhi. due to multiple and repeated issues with antibiotics efficacy, it became essential to evaluate biological properties of plants from different geographical origins. mango leaves have ...201323811447
water-soluble (1→3),(1→4)-α-d-glucan from mango as a novel inducer of cariogenic biofilm-degrading enzyme.a water-soluble polysaccharide (wsp) extracted from mango (mangifera indica l.) fruits has been suggested as a new alternative to mutan for mutanase induction in trichoderma harzianum. structural analyses revealed that the purified wsp was a (1→3),(1→4)-α-d-glucan with the molecular mass of ca. 760 kda in which the (1→4)-linked and (1→3)-linked α-glcp residues were in a ratio of 1:2.4. when the strain t harzianum ccm f-340 was grown in the presence of wsp, the maximal enzyme productivity obtaine ...201323583288
food and feeding behaviour of asiatic elephant (elephas maximus linn.) in kuldiha wild life sanctuary, odisha, india.the feeding behaviour of asiatic elephant (elephas maximus) with food reference was studied in kuldiha wildlife sanctuary in odisha during 2007 to 2009. though the study area houses a good number of plant species only 71 species were identified as elephant fodder plants. the food trail of elephant was observed as twig breaking, bark peeling, branch breaking, stem twisting uprooting and flower plucking in different regions of study area during different seasons. alteration of predominantly browsi ...201324006812
forest fragments as barriers to fruit fly dispersal: anastrepha (diptera: tephritidae) populations in orchards and adjacent forest fragments in puerto rico.mcphail-type traps baited with ammonium acetate and putrescine were used to monitor populations of anastrepha obliqua (macquart) and anastrepha suspensa (loew) in two orchards with hosts of these flies (mango, mangifera indica l., and carambola, averrhoa carambola l.), as well as in forest fragments bordering these orchards. contour maps were constructed to measure population distributions in and around orchards. our results indicate that anastrepha populations are focused around host fruit in b ...201323575019
diversity and utilization of tree species in meitei homegardens of barak valley, assam.an inventory of tree diversity in traditional homegardens of meitei community was conducted in a bontarapur village in cachar district of barak valley, assam. meitei homegarden locally called ingkhol exhibits a wide diversity in size, shape, location and composition. seventy one tree species were enumerated from 50 homegardens belonging to 60 genus and 35 families. among the families encountered, rutaceae was the dominant family (4 genus and 7 species) followed by meliaceae (5 genus and 5 specie ...201324620581
mangiferin and its traversal into the brain.mangiferin, the main active substance of the mango tree bark (mangifera indica l.), is known for its use in natural medicine, not only as a health enhancing panacea or adjunct therapeutic, but also for brain functions improvement. in this context, we deemed it worthwhile to establish whether mangiferin could traverse into the brain after systemic administration; an essential piece of information for the rational use of a compound as a neurotherapeutic, remaining so far inconclusive regarding man ...201322836625
mangifera indica l. extract and mangiferin modulate cytochrome p450 and udp-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes.the aqueous stem bark extract of mangifera indica l. (msbe) has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. in previous studies, we showed that msbe and mangiferin, its main component, lower the activity of some cytochrome p-450 (p450) enzymes in rat hepatocytes and human liver microsomes. in the present study, the effects of msbe and mangiferin on several p450 enzymes and udp-glucuronosyltransferases (ugts) in human-cultured hepatocytes have been examined. aft ...201322815239
mechanisms underlying the antinociceptive effect of mangiferin in the formalin test.the purpose of this study was to investigate the possible antinociceptive effect of mangiferin, a glucosylxanthone present in mangifera indica l., in inflammatory pain. furthermore, we sought to investigate the possible mechanisms action that contributes to these effects. the ipsilateral local peripheral (1-30 µg/paw), intrathecal (1-30 µg/rat) and oral (1-30 mg/kg) administration of mangiferin produced a dose-dependent reduction in formalin-induced nociception. the antinociceptive effect of thi ...201323973647
comparison of microwave-assisted and conventional extraction of mangiferin from mango (mangifera indica l.) leaves.mangiferin is the main bioactive component in mango leaves, which possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, and antitumor activities. in the present study, a microwave-assisted extraction method was developed for the extraction of mangiferin from mango leaves. some parameters such as ethanol concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, microwave power, and extraction time were optimized by single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. the optimal extracti ...201323929791
characterization of three novel isoprenyl diphosphate synthases from the terpenoid rich mango fruit.mango (cv. alphonso) is popular due to its highly attractive, terpenoid-rich flavor. although alphonso is clonally propagated, its fruit-flavor composition varies when plants are grown in different geo-climatic zones. isoprenyl diphosphate synthases catalyze important branch-point reactions in terpenoid biosynthesis, providing precursors for common terpenoids such as volatile terpenes, sterols and carotenoids. two geranyl diphosphate synthases and a farnesyl diphosphate synthase were isolated fr ...201323911730
emissions of putative isoprene oxidation products from mango branches under abiotic stress.although several per cent of net carbon assimilation can be re-released as isoprene emissions to the atmosphere by many tropical plants, much uncertainty remains regarding its biological significance. in a previous study, we detected emissions of isoprene and its oxidation products methyl vinyl ketone (mvk) and methacrolein (macr) from tropical plants under high temperature/light stress, suggesting that isoprene is oxidized not only in the atmosphere but also within plants. however, a comprehens ...201323881400
regulation of lipid and glucose homeostasis by mango tree leaf extract is mediated by ampk and pi3k/akt signaling pathways.ethanolic extract of mangifera indica (mango) dose-dependently decreased serum glucose and triglyceride in kk-a(y) mice. our in vitro and in vivo investigations revealed that the effect of mango leave extract (me) on glucose and lipid homeostasis is mediated, at least in part, through the pi3k/akt and ampk signaling pathway. me up-regulated the expression of pi3k, akt and gys genes by 2.0-fold, 3.2-fold, and 2.7-fold, respectively, leading to a decrease in glucose level. on the other hand, me up ...201323871039
temperature-dependent life history of oligonychus mangiferus (acari: tetranychidae) on mangifera indica.the mango red spider mite, oligonychus mangiferus (rhaman and sapra), is a major mango pest in taiwan. this mite damages the leaves of the mango tree and affects the quality of the fruit. this study investigates the life history of the mango red spider mite on mangifera indica l. cv. irwin at five constant temperatures (17, 21, 25, 29, and 33 °c), under 80 ± 5 % rh and l12:d12 photoperiod conditions. an increase in temperature significantly decreased the developmental times for each stage and th ...201323801038
purification of pectinase from mango (mangifera indica l. cv. chokanan) waste using an aqueous organic phase system: a potential low cost source of the enzyme.as a novel method of purification, an aqueous organic phase system (aops) was employed to purify pectinase from mango waste. the effect of different parameters, such as the alcohol concentration (ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol), the salt type and concentration (ammonium sulfate, potassium phosphate and sodium citrate), the feed stock crude load, the aqueous phase ph and nacl concentration, were investigated in the recovery of pectinase from mango peel. the partition coefficient (k), selecti ...201323770734
multiparametric evaluation of the cytoprotective effect of the mangifera indica l. stem bark extract and mangiferin in hepg2 cells.mango (mangifera indica l.) stem bark extract (msbe) is a natural product with biological properties and mangiferin is the major component. this paper reported the evaluation of the protective effects of msbe and mangiferin against the toxicity induced in hepg2 cells by tert-butyl hydroperoxide or amiodarone.201323738735
functional properties and dietary fiber characterization of mango processing by-products (mangifera indica l., cv ataulfo and tommy atkins).several reports have focused on utilization of post-harvest residues of crops, while neglecting those residues produced by mango processing. these residues represent a waste of nutrients and a source of environmental contaminants. such by-products could be valuable sources of dietary fiber (df), antioxidant compounds, and single carbohydrates. the aim of this study was to evaluate some functional properties (fp), and the content of df and polyphenols (pp) of the peel and coarse material obtained ...201323715790
effect of mangiferin and mahanimbine on glucose utilization in 3t3-l1 cells.stem barks of mangifera indica contain a rich content of mangiferin (xanthone glucoside), whereas murraya koenigii leaves contain rich sources of mahanimbine (carbazole alkaloid) and used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes.201323661997
anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extracts and fractions of mangifera indica.to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extracts and fractions of mangifera indica in in vitro conditions.201323608334
deciphering structural and temporal interplays during the architectural development of mango trees.plant architecture is commonly defined by the adjacency of organs within the structure and their properties. few studies consider the effect of endogenous temporal factors, namely phenological factors, on the establishment of plant architecture. this study hypothesized that, in addition to the effect of environmental factors, the observed plant architecture results from both endogenous structural and temporal components, and their interplays. mango tree, which is characterized by strong phenolog ...201323585668
anticonvulsant activity of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-o-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose isolated from leaves of mangifera indica.the present study was aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-o-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose (pgg) isolated from methanolic leaf extracts of mangifera indica in mice. anticonvulsant activity of pgg was evaluated against pentylenetetrazole (ptz)-induced and maximal electroshock (mes)-induced convulsions in mice. additionally, locomotor activity and gaba levels in the brain were estimated to explore the possible cns-depressant activity and mechanism behind the anticonvulsant ...201323568550
effects of thermal treatment and sonication on quality attributes of chokanan mango (mangifera indica l.) juice.ultrasonic treatment is an emerging food processing technology that has growing interest among health-conscious consumers. freshly squeezed chokanan mango juice was thermally treated (at 90 °c for 30 and 60s) and sonicated (for 15, 30 and 60 min at 25 °c, 40 khz frequency, 130 w) to compare the effect on microbial inactivation, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities and other quality parameters. after sonication and thermal treatment, no significant changes occurred in ph, total solu ...201323538119
protective effect of mango (mangifera indica l.) against uvb-induced skin aging in hairless mice.mangifera indica l. (anacardiaceae) is a medicinal plant whose extracts have been described as an antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities.201323458392
do weaver ant (hymenoptera: formicidae) marks affect mango internal quality and storage life?in implementing the integrated pest management mango (mangifera indica l.) program using weaver ants (oecophylla smaragdina f.) as a major component in the northern territory of australia, we received a number of questions from farmers and extension officers asking whether weaver ant marks reduce internal fruit quality and induce fruit rot, which is economically important. however, this issue has not been investigated. soluble sugar content in fruits with and without weaver ant marks and observa ...201323448044
isolation, structural elucidation, ms profiling, and evaluation of triglyceride accumulation inhibitory effects of benzophenone c-glucosides from leaves of mangifera indica l.seventy percent ethanol-water extract from the leaves of mangifera indica l. (anacardiaceae) was found to show an inhibitory effect on triglyceride (tg) accumulation in 3t3-l1 cells. from the active fraction, six new benzophenone c-glucosides, foliamangiferosides a(3) (1), a(4) (2), c(4) (3), c(5) (4), c(6) (5), and c(7) (6) together with 11 known benzophenone c-glucosides (7-17) were obtained. in this paper, isolation, structure elucidation (1-6), and ms fragment cleavage pathways of all 17 iso ...201323368644
biochemical changes in some deciduous tree species around talcher thermal power station, odisha, india.the present study was conducted to evaluate biochemical traits in leaves to assess the air pollution impact on plants caused by thermal power plant emissions. ten species of deciduous trees were selected from study sites in different seasons. ph, chlorophyll, phenols, total soluble sugar content and proline content in fresh leaf was analyzed. the leaf wash ph content reveals moderately acidic (4.5-5.0) to highly acidic (3.5-4.5) range. significant differences (p < 0.01) were observed in chloroph ...201324617137
behavioral pattern of physicochemical constituents of the postharvest mango (mangifera indica l.) influenced by storage stimuli.an investigation was carried at the laboratory of the department of biochemistry and molecular biology, university of rajshahi, bangladesh during the period from may, 2010 to september, 2011 to study the behavioral pattern of some physicochemical constituents of the mango pulp. the experiment was comprised of two popular mango cultivars in bangladesh (viz., langra and khirshapat) and six storage stimuli, namely control, paraffin coating, perforated polyethylene cover, unperforated polyethylene c ...201324517016
antioxidant properties and hyphenated hplc-pda-ms profiling of chilean pica mango fruits (mangifera indica l. cv. piqueño).antioxidant capacities and polyphenolic contents of two mango cultivars from northern chile, one of them endemic of an oasis in the atacama desert, were compared for the first time. twenty one phenolic compounds were detected in peel and pulp of mango fruits varieties pica and tommy atkins by hplc-pda-ms and tentatively characterized. eighteen compounds were present in pica pulp (ppu), 13 in pica peel (ppe) 11 in tommy atkins pulp (tpu) and 12 in tommy atkins peel (tpe). three procyanidin dimers ...201324384924
alleviation of transient global ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury in rats with 1,2,3,4,6-penta-o-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose isolated from mangifera indica.present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-o-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose (pgg) against transient global ischemia/reperfusion (i/r)-induced brain injury in rats. sixty minutes of global ischemia, followed by 24h of reperfusion caused significant alterations in cognition and memory (p<0.01), significant deterioration of motor coordination, grip strength, and limb tone (p<0.01) associated with neurological deficit. in addition, significant decrease in catalase ( ...201324157980
[can fruits and vegetables be used as substitute phantoms for normal human brain tissues in magnetic resonance imaging?].various custom-made phantoms designed to optimize magnetic resonance imaging (mri) sequences have been created and subsequently reported in jsrt. however, custom-made phantoms that correctly match the t1-value and t2-values of human brain tissue (gray matter and white matter) cannot be made easily or quickly. the aim of this project was to search for alternative materials, such as fruits and vegetables, for optimizing mri sequences. the following eight fruits and vegetables were investigated: ap ...201324140903
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