Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| mass spectrometry in the study of anthocyanins and their derivatives: differentiation of vitis vinifera and hybrid grapes by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. | a mass spectrometric-based procedure for anthocyanin profiling was set up to distinguish authentic vitis vinifera from hybrid red grapevine cultivars. 3-o-monoglucoside and the related acetyl-, p-coumaryl- and caffeoyl-monoglucoside anthocyanins occurred only in vitis vinifera, whereas 3,5-o-diglucoside and the substituted acetyl-, p-coumaryl-, feruloyl- and caffeoyl-diglucoside anthocyanins were the additional pigments in hybrid grapevines. the procedure was applied expressly to identify red gr ... | 2005 | 15619268 |
| monitoring the stability of rubisco in micropropagated grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) by two-dimensional electrophoresis. | plants cultured in vitro suffer from several physiological and biochemical impairments due to the artificial conditions of growth, namely the composition of the heterotrophic media. upon transfer to ex vitro, the higher irradiances, compared to in vitro, can lead to oxidative stress symptoms, which can be counteracted by co2 concentrations above atmospheric levels. here we analyse the stability of rubisco in in vitro grapevine plantlets, and after transfer to ex vitro under four acclimatization ... | 2005 | 15900878 |
| influence of ethanol concentration on the extraction of color and phenolic compounds from the skin and seeds of tempranillo grapes at different stages of ripening. | the aim of this paper is to study how grape ripeness and ethanol concentration affect the extraction of color and phenolic compounds from skins and seeds during the maceration/fermentation process. simulated maceration assays were carried out with the grapes at three stages of berry development (vitis vinifera cv. tempranillo) and different percentages of ethanol in the maceration media. both ripeness and ethanol content have a considerable effect on the extraction of color and phenolic compound ... | 2005 | 15884833 |
| carotenoid, chlorophyll, and chlorophyll-derived compounds in grapes and port wines. | carotenoids and chlorophyll-derived compounds in grapes and port wines were investigated by hplc-dad and hplc-dad-ms (esp+) analysis. a total of 13 carotenoid and chlorophyll-derived compounds are formally reported in grapes, 3 are identified for the first time, pheophytins a and b and (13z)-beta-carotene, and 3 others remain unknown. in port wines 19 compounds with carotenoid or chlorophyll-like structures are present, 8 still unidentified. the young wines showed higher total carotenoid content ... | 2005 | 16366691 |
| supercritical fluid extraction and hplc determination of relevant polyphenolic compounds in grape skin. | the polyphenols determined are: (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, rutin, quercetin and trans-resveratrol. suitable conditions of supercritical fluid extraction were established using ethanol as a modifier of the polarity solvent (supercritical carbon dioxide). final extraction conditions were: 20% v/v ethanol, 60degreesc, 250 bars and flow rate 2 ml/min. static step time and dynamic step time were established using a selected grape skin sample. the extract was collected in water; the more polar pol ... | 2005 | 16318198 |
| jasmonates and na-orthovanadate promote resveratrol production in vitis vinifera cv. barbera cell cultures. | here the effect of jasmonic acid, methyljasmonate and na-orthovanadate on the production of resveratrol was studied in vitis vinifera cv. barbera cell suspension cultures. na-orthovanadate at 0.1 mm and 1 mm concentration was efficient in promoting the production and/or accumulation and release in the culture medium of cis-resveratrol while trans-resveratrol levels were not affected by this treatment. methyljasmonate was highly effective in stimulating both trans- and cis-resveratrol endogenous ... | 2005 | 15869650 |
| comparative analysis of expressed sequence tags from different organs of vitis vinifera l. | expressed sequence tags (ests) are providing a valuable approach to sampling organism-expressed genomes, especially when studying large genomes such as those of many plants. we report on the comparison of 8,647 ests generated from six different grape (vitis vinifera l.) organs: berry, root, leaf, bud, shoot and inflorescence. clustering and assembly of these ests resulted in 4,203 unique sequences and revealed that at this level of est sampling, each organ shares a low percentage of transcripts ... | 2005 | 15856347 |
| antennal and behavioral responses of grapevine moth lobesia botrana females to volatiles from grapevine. | grapevine moth lobesia botrana is the economically most important insect of grapevine vitis vinifera in europe. flower buds, flowers, and green berries of chardonnay grapevine are known to attract l. botrana for oviposition. the volatile compounds collected from these phenological stages were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the antennal response of l. botrana females to these headspace collections was recorded by gas chromatography-electroantennography. the compounds found i ... | 2005 | 15839481 |
| cdna microarray analysis of developing grape (vitis vinifera cv. shiraz) berry skin. | microarray analysis of vitis vinifera cv. shiraz developing berries has revealed the expression patterns of several categories of genes. microarray slides were constructed from 4,608 pcr-amplified cdna clones derived from a ripening grape berry cdna library. the mrna expression levels of the genes represented by these cdnas were measured in flowers, week 2 post-flowering whole berries, week 5, week 8, week 10 (véraison, green berries), week 12 and week 13 berry skin. in addition, a comparison of ... | 2005 | 15480888 |
| stability of copigmented anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in a grape juice model system. | the stability of red grape anthocyanins (vitis vinifera) was evaluated in a model juice system during normal (25 degrees c) and accelerated storage (35 degrees c) in the presence of ascorbic acid. rosemary polyphenolic cofactors (0, 0.2, and 0.4% v/v) were evaluated as anthocyanin stabilizing agents. cofactor addition resulted in concentration-dependent hyperchromic (up to 178%) and bathochromic (up to 23 nm) shifts, indicating a more intense red coloration of the models. anthocyanin and ascorbi ... | 2005 | 15631508 |
| anomalous electrophoretic behavior of a chitinase isoform from grape berries and wine in glycol chitin-containing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels. | an anomalous electrophoretic behavior of a chitinase isoform present in both grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries and wine was observed in glycol chitin-containing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) gels. a progressive shift of the relative molecular mass m(r) of the enzyme (from approximately 30,500 up to approximately 57,700) with increasing glycol chitin concentration in the gels up to 0.1% was revealed when samples were electrophoresed under nonreducing conditi ... | 2005 | 15624140 |
| cryopreservation of axillary buds of grape (vitis vinifera) in vitro plantlets. | axillary buds sampled from in vitro plants of four grape varieties could withstand cryopreservation using the encapsulation-dehydration technique. regrowth percentages ranged between 15 and 40%. buds were encapsulated in alginate beads containing 0.5m sucrose, precultured at 5 degrees c on media containing daily increasing sucrose concentrations from 0.1 to 1.0m, then desiccated to 21% moisture content (fresh weight basis) and frozen slowly (pre-freezing to -40 degrees c at 0.2 degrees c/min fol ... | 2006 | 11788874 |
| identification of the flavonoid hydroxylases from grapevine and their regulation during fruit development. | flavonoids are important secondary metabolites in many fruits, and their hydroxylation pattern determines their color, stability, and antioxidant capacity. hydroxylation of the b-ring of flavonoids is catalyzed by flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (f3'h) and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (f3'5'h), and may also require cytochrome b5. we report the identification of genes encoding f3'h, f3'5'h, and a putative cytochrome b5 from grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv shiraz) and their transcriptional regulation in f ... | 2006 | 16377741 |
| a novel method for quantification of 2-methyl-3-furanthiol and 2-furanmethanethiol in wines made from vitis vinifera grape varieties. | a rapid, easy method has been developed for isolating and quantifying 2-methyl-3-furanthiol (2m3f) in wines. until now, it was not possible to quantify this highly odoriferous compound, with a smell reminiscent of cooked meat, in wine. the original aspect of this method is the specific release of volatile thiols using a cysteamine solution applied in reverse flow to sample percolation on the basis of a p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (phmb)-volatile thiol conjugate formed by the direct addition of phmb ... | 2006 | 16390173 |
| the grapevine fleshless berry mutation. a unique genotype to investigate differences between fleshy and nonfleshy fruit. | in flowering plants, fruit morphogenesis is a distinct process following fertilization resulting in the formation of a specialized organ associated with seeds. despite large variations in types and shapes among species, fleshy fruits share common characteristics to promote seed dispersal by animals such as organ growth and metabolite accumulation to attract animal feeding. the molecular biology of fruit ripening has received considerable attention, but little is known about the determinism of ea ... | 2006 | 16384896 |
| organ-specific transcription of putative flavonol synthase genes of grapevine and effects of plant hormones and shading on flavonol biosynthesis in grape berry skins. | in order to investigate the control mechanism of flavonol biosynthesis of grapevine, we obtained five genomic sequences (fls1 to fls5) of putative flavonol synthase genes from vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon. the mrna of five flss accumulated in flower buds and flowers, while the mrna of fls2, fls4, and fls5 accumulated in small berry skins and then decreased toward veraison. at the ripening stage, the mrna of only fls4 and fls5 accumulated again. this change in mrna accumulation did not c ... | 2006 | 16556978 |
| an optimized grapevine rna isolation procedure and statistical determination of reference genes for real-time rt-pcr during berry development. | accuracy in quantitative real-time rt-pcr is dependent on high quality rna, consistent cdna synthesis, and validated stable reference genes for data normalization. reference genes used for normalization impact the results generated from expression studies and, hence, should be evaluated prior to use across samples and treatments. few statistically validated reference genes have been reported in grapevine. moreover, success in isolating high quality rna from grapevine tissues is typically limitin ... | 2006 | 17105665 |
| ripening grape berries remain hydraulically connected to the shoot. | berry diameter was monitored during dry-down and rewatering cycles and pressurization of the root system of vitis vinifera (cv. merlot) and vitis labruscana (cv. concord) to test changes in xylem functionality during grape ripening. prior to veraison (onset of ripening), berries maintained their size under declining soil moisture until the plants had used 80% of the transpirable soil water, began to shrink thereafter, and recovered rapidly after rewatering. by contrast, berry diameter declined s ... | 2006 | 16868045 |
| transient effect of the herbicide flazasulfuron on carbohydrate physiology in vitis vinifera l. | in the champagne vineyard, most of the areas treated in early 2000 with the newly approved herbicide flazasulfuron had vines with altered growth and yellow leaves throughout the growing season. in order to clarify the physiological perturbations caused on the non-target grapevine and their potential consequences, c nutrition of grape plants grown in vineyards treated or not with flazasulfuron in 2000 was characterized during the following season. vines from treated areas exhibited yellow leaves ... | 2006 | 15987652 |
| changes and subcellular localizations of the enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism during grape berry development. | the phenylpropanoid pathway yields a variety of phenolics that are closely associated with fruit qualities in addition to structural and defense-related functions. however, very little has been reported concerning its metabolism in fruit. this experiment was designed to assess changes of eleven phenolic acids in grape berry (vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon) and explore both the activities and amounts of three key enzymes--phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (c4h) ... | 2006 | 16399002 |
| lead, mercury, and nickel in grapevine, vitis vinifera l., in polluted and nonpolluted regions. | 2006 | 17176992 | |
| [impact of subculture cycles and inoculum sizes on suspension cultures of vitis vinifera]. | the commercial application of plant cell cultures is often hindered by the instability of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, where the metabolite yield fluctuates and decline dramatically over subcultures. this study proposed that such instability is due to the fluctuations of culture variables. to validate this hypothesis, the effects of the fluctuations of two culture variables (subculture cycle and inoculum size) on the biomass, anthocyanin biosynthesig, intracellular carbon, nitrogen and pho ... | 2006 | 17168324 |
| composition and cellular localization of tannins in cabernet sauvignon skins during growth. | for two successive years, cell walls were isolated from the internal part of skin cells of vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon grape berries grown in a vineyard. procyanidin localization and composition were determined over the course of development. tannins were mainly localized in the inner cell fraction, due to their biosynthesis and storage. cell wall tannins always exhibited a higher mean degree of polymerization as compared to the internal cell fraction, which had a constant mdp. the ... | 2006 | 17147434 |
| survey of grapevine vitis vinifera stem polyphenols by liquid chromatography-diode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry. | grapes and red wine prepared from vitis vinifera l. contain a variety of polyphenols. some information is available about the polyphenols of the seeds and leaves of grapevine, but considerably less is known about the polyphenols of woody stems. in this paper, we describe the results of a study of polyphenolic compounds in grapevine stems. we demonstrate how a combination of reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet-diode array detection and electrospray ionization-ta ... | 2006 | 17002412 |
| metabolite profiling of grape: flavonols and anthocyanins. | flavonols are products of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, which also give rise to anthocyanins and condensed tannins in grapes. we investigated their presence in the berry skins of 91 grape varieties (vitis vinifera l.), in order to produce a classification based on the flavonol profile. the presence of laricitrin 3-o-galactoside and syringetin 3-o-galactoside in red grapes is reported here for the first time. in red grapes, the main flavonol was quercetin (mean = 43.99%), followed by myrice ... | 2006 | 17002441 |
| rate of degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin and methomyl in grapes (vitis vinifera l.). | rates of degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin and methomyl residues in grape are reported. the dissipation behavior of both insecticides followed first-order rate kinetics with similar patterns at standard and double-dose applications. residues of lambda-cyhalothrin were lost with pre-harvest intervals (phi) of 12.0-12.5 and 15.0-15.5 days, corresponding to the applications at 25 and 50 g a.i. ha-1, respectively. in the case of methomyl, residues were lost with phi of 55.0 and 61.0 days, following ... | 2006 | 16982521 |
| pharmacometrics of stilbenes: seguing towards the clinic. | stilbenes are small molecular weight (approximately 200-300 g/mol), naturally occurring compounds and are found in a wide range of plant sources, aromatherapy products, and dietary supplements. these molecules are synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway and share some structural similarities to estrogen. upon environmental threat, the plant host activates the phenylpropanoid pathway and stilbene structures are produced and subsequently secreted. stilbenes act as natural protective agents to ... | 2006 | 18666380 |
| a genetic analysis of seed and berry weight in grapevine. | fruit size and seedlessness are highly relevant traits in many fruit crop species, and both are primary targets of breeding programs for table grapes. in this work we performed a quantitative genetic analysis of size and seedlessness in an f1 segregating population derived from the cross between a classical seeded (vitis vinifera l. 'dominga') and a newly bred seedless ('autumn seedless') cultivar. fruit size was scored as berry weight (bw), and for seedlessness we considered both seed fresh wei ... | 2006 | 17426772 |
| genetic diversity and geographical dispersal in grapevine clones revealed by microsatellite markers. | intravarietal genetic diversification associated with geographical dispersal of a vegetatively propagated species was studied using grapevine vitis vinifera l. 'cabernet sauvignon' as a model. fifty-nine clonal samples obtained from 7 countries (france, chile, spain, australia, hungary, usa, and italy) were analyzed using 84 microsatellite markers. eighteen polymorphic microsatellite loci (21.4%) were detected, finding 22 different genotypes in the population analyzed with a genetic similarity o ... | 2006 | 17426761 |
| steroids versus other immune modulators in the management of allergic dermatoses. | the classic role of topical and systemic corticosteroids for allergic dermatoses is discussed, with special attention to the impact on the current clinical treatment paradigm by newer systemic and topical therapies. these products are reviewed and recommendations presented on how to effectively assimilate them into clinical practice. | 2006 | 16954788 |
| aging effect on the pigment composition and color of vitis vinifera l. cv. tannat wines. contribution of the main pigment families to wine color. | red wines made from vitis vinifera l. cv. tannat grapes are known to possess high contents of tannins and intense color, features that are responsible for the originality of these wines. this work aimed to study the evolution of the pigment composition and cielab color parameters as tannat wines become older, as well as to establish the contribution to wine color of the main pigment families. tannat wines produced in uruguay from grapes of the same vineyard in six consecutive vintages (1998-2003 ... | 2006 | 16939328 |
| ultrastructure and germination of vitis vinifera cv. loureiro pollen. | the cultivar loureiro of vitis vinifera is one of the most economically important, recommended in almost the totality of the região demarcada dos vinhos verdes. in vineyards, the grape productivity of this cultivar is normal while in others it is extremely low. the aim of this work was to study the morphology and germination of vitis vinifera cv. loureiro pollen with high and low productivity. the pollen grain was examined under light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. typically v. ... | 2006 | 16937066 |
| somatic chimerism, genetic inheritance, and mapping of the fleshless berry (flb) mutation in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | the fleshless berry (flb) mutation of grapevine (vitis vinifera l. 'ugni blanc') impairs the differentiation and division of inner mesocarp cells responsible for flesh in grapevine berries. in order to study the inheritance of the mutation and to map the flb locus, 5 segregating populations were created. progeny plants were classified as mutant or wild type by scoring for the presence of an ovary phenotype associated with the flb- phenotype at anthesis. phenotypic segregation revealed the involv ... | 2006 | 16936780 |
| two new grape cultivars, bud sports of cabernet sauvignon bearing pale-coloured berries, are the result of deletion of two regulatory genes of the berry colour locus. | bud sports are infrequent changes in phenotype affecting shoots of woody perennials but the molecular basis of these mutations has rarely been identified. in this report, we show that the bronze-coloured berries of the malian cultivar, a documented bud sport of the wine grape cabernet sauvignon (vitis vinifera l.), lack anthocyanins in the subepidermal cells compared to the red/black berried cabernet sauvignon in which both the epidermis and several subepidermal cell layers contain anthocyanin. ... | 2006 | 16932847 |
| sequence analysis and transcriptional profiling of two vacuolar h+ -pyrophosphatase isoforms in vitis vinifera. | gene expression of grapevine vacuolar h(+)-pyrophosphatase (v-ppase ec 3.6.1.1.) during fruit ripening has previously been reported. here we report on putative multiple v-ppase isoforms in grapevine. in this study a full-length cdna sequence with an open reading frame of 2,295 nucleotides encoding a v-ppase gene (vpp2: acc. nr. aj557256) was cloned. sequence analyses of the deduced amino acid residues and rt-pcr experiments indicated that vitis vinifera l. has at least two distinct isoforms of t ... | 2006 | 16924561 |
| historical origins and genetic diversity of wine grapes. | the genomic resources that are available to the grapevine research community have increased enormously during the past five years, in parallel with a renewed interest in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) germplasm resources and analysis of genetic diversity in grapes. genetic variation, either natural or induced, is invaluable for crop improvement and understanding gene function, and the same is true for the grapevine. the history and vineyard cultural practices have largely determined the genetic d ... | 2006 | 16872714 |
| quantification of abscisic acid in grapevine leaf (vitis vinifera) by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | a specific, sensitive, precise, and accurate method for the determination of abscisic acid (aba) in grapevine leaf tissues is described. the method employs high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (lc-esi-ms) in selected ion monitoring mode (sim) to analyze aba using a stable isotope-labeled aba as an internal standard. absolute recoveries ranged from 72% to 79% using methanol/water ph 5.5 (50:50 v/v) as an extraction solvent. the best efficiency was o ... | 2006 | 16868725 |
| extraction of polyphenols from vine shoots of vitis vinifera by superheated ethanol-water mixtures. | a study of the nonvolatile fraction of extracts from vine shoots obtained by superheated ethanol-water mixtures is presented. the influence of the temperature, extraction time, and percentage of ethanol on extraction was investigated by a multivariate experimental design to maximize the yield of total phenolic compounds, measured by using the folin-ciocalteu method. the best values found for these variables were 80% (v/v) ethanol, 240 degrees c, and 60 min. under these conditions, the effect of ... | 2006 | 17090121 |
| direct in situ measurement of cell turgor in grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries during development and in response to plant water deficits. | vitis vinifera l. berries are non-climacteric fruits that exhibit a double-sigmoid growth pattern, and at the point known as 'veraison', which is just before the beginning of the second period of rapid fruit growth, these berries undergo several abrupt physiological changes. cell pressure probe was used to examine the in situ turgor (p) of cells in the mesocarp during berry development and in response to plant water deficits. initial tests comparing attached and detached berries demonstrated tha ... | 2006 | 17087481 |
| pathways of glucose regulation of monosaccharide transport in grape cells. | grape (vitis vinifera) heterotrophic suspension-cultured cells were used as a model system to study glucose (glc) transport and its regulation. cells transported d-[14c]glc according to simple michaelis-menten kinetics superimposed on first-order kinetics. the saturating component is a high-affinity, broad-specificity h+ -dependent transport system (km = 0.05 mm). glc concentration in the medium tightly regulated the transcription of vvht1 (vitis vinifera hexose transporter 1), a monosaccharide ... | 2006 | 16766675 |
| multiple origins of cultivated grapevine (vitis vinifera l. ssp. sativa) based on chloroplast dna polymorphisms. | the domestication of the eurasian grape (vitis vinifera ssp. sativa) from its wild ancestor (vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) has long been claimed to have occurred in transcaucasia where its greatest genetic diversity is found and where very early archaeological evidence, including grape pips and artefacts of a 'wine culture', have been excavated. whether from transcaucasia or the nearby taurus or zagros mountains, it is hypothesized that this wine culture spread southwards and eventually westwa ... | 2006 | 17032268 |
| simulated digestion of vitis vinifera seed powder: polyphenolic content and antioxidant properties. | there is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species arising from several enzymatic reactions are mediators of inflammatory events. plant preparations have the potential for scavenging such reactive oxygen species. flavans and procyanidins are bioavailable and stable during the process of cooking. this study used conditions that mimicked digestion of vitis vinifera seed powder in the stomach (acidic preparation) and small intestine (neutral preparation). the flavonoids of these two preparat ... | 2006 | 16787037 |
| time course of the evolution of malic and lactic acids in the alcoholic and malolactic fermentation of grape must by quantitative 1h nmr (qhnmr) spectroscopy. | quantitative nmr can be used to monitor several processes that take place in the transformation of the must of wine grapes. the study described here focused attention on monitoring of the malic and lactic acid levels during the alcoholic and malolactic fermentation processes. the method allows the simultaneous quantification of both acids through a range of 1-3.2 mmol/l. the effectiveness of each process was assessed and compared by carrying out precise analyses using enzymatic methods. | 2006 | 16787019 |
| the contribution of extensin network formation to rapid, hydrogen peroxide-mediated increases in grapevine callus wall resistance to fungal lytic enzymes. | grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. touriga) callus cell walls contain a high level of the monomeric extensin, gvp1. hydrogen peroxide stimulus of these cultures causes the rapid loss of monomeric gvp1, concomitant with marked increases in insoluble gvp1 amino acids and wall resistance to digestion by fungal lytic enzymes. jim11 immunolocalization studies indicated that monomeric and network gvp1 were evenly distributed in the callus cell wall. these primary cell walls were used to investigate the spe ... | 2006 | 16720614 |
| the photoprotective role of epidermal anthocyanins and surface pubescence in young leaves of grapevine (vitis vinifera). | depending on cultivar, surfaces of young leaves of vitis vinifera may be glabrous-green ('soultanina') or transiently have anthocyanins ('siriki') or pubescence ('athiri'). a test is made of the hypothesis that anthocyanins and pubescence act as light screens affording a photoprotective advantage to the corresponding leaves, and an assessment is made of the magnitude of their effect. | 2006 | 16704996 |
| branch development controls leaf area dynamics in grapevine (vitis vinifera) growing in drying soil. | soil water deficit is a major abiotic stress with severe consequences for the development, productivity and quality of crops. however, it is considered a positive factor in grapevine management (vitis vinifera), as it has been shown to increase grape quality. the effects of soil water deficit on organogenesis, morphogenesis and gas exchange in the shoot were investigated. | 2006 | 16679414 |
| metabolic changes of malvasia grapes for wine production during postharvest drying. | malvasia (vitis vinifera l.) grapes were harvested at 17.8% of soluble solids content (ssc) and placed inside an innovative dehydration room where temperature, relative humidity, and air flow were maintained, respectively, at 15 degrees c, 40%, and 1-1.5 m s(-1). weight loss of bunches reached approximately 33% in 29 days. ssc increased inversely proportionally with the weight decrease, reaching at the end of experiment 23%. abscisic acid (aba) increased rapidly from around 29 to 80 microg g(-1) ... | 2006 | 16637693 |
| rapid tool for distinction of wines based on the global volatile signature. | this work describes a novel methodology for the rapid distinction of wines by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, followed by principal component analysis of the data (hs-spme-gc-ms-pca). headspace spme is used to extract and concentrate the volatile and semi-volatile fractions. a db-ffap fused silica gc capillary column of 30 m at 220 degrees c was used acting as a transfer line of the components sorbed by the carbowax-divinylbenzene coating fi ... | 2006 | 16620852 |
| biolistic transformation of grapevine using minimal gene cassette technology. | the use of minimal gene cassettes (mcs), which are linear dna fragments (promoter+open reading frame+terminator) lacking the vector backbone sequence, was compared to the traditional use of whole circular plasmids (cps) for transformation of grapevine. embryogenic cell suspensions of 'chardonnay' (vitis vinifera l.) were transformed via particle co-bombardment using two nonlinked genes in either mcs or cps. one construct contained the npt-ii selectable marker and the second construct contained t ... | 2006 | 16528564 |
| relationships between leaf conductance to co2 diffusion and photosynthesis in micropropagated grapevine plants, before and after ex vitro acclimatization. | in vitro-cultured plants typically show a low photosynthetic activity, which is considered detrimental to subsequent ex vitro acclimatization. studies conducted so far have approached this problem by analysing the biochemical and photochemical aspects of photosynthesis, while very little attention has been paid to the role of leaf conductance to co(2) diffusion, which often represents an important constraint to co(2) assimilation in naturally grown plants. mesophyll conductance, in particular, h ... | 2006 | 16837534 |
| an integrated ssr map of grapevine based on five mapping populations. | a grapevine (mainly vitis vinifera l., 2n = 38) composite genetic map was constructed with carthagene using segregation data from five full-sib populations of 46, 95, 114, 139 and 153 individuals, to determine the relative position of a large set of molecular markers. this consensus map comprised 515 loci (502 ssrs and 13 other type pcr-based markers), amplified using 439 primer pairs (426 ssrs and 13 others) with 50.1% common markers shared by at least two crosses. out of all loci, 257, 85, 74, ... | 2006 | 16799809 |
| a skin color mutation of grapevine, from black-skinned pinot noir to white-skinned pinot blanc, is caused by deletion of the functional vvmyba1 allele. | a white-wine grape, pinot blanc, is thought to be a white-skinned mutant of a red-wine grape, pinot noir. pinot noir was heterozygous for vvmyba1. one allele was the non-functional vvmyba1a, and the other was the functional vvmyba1c. in pinot blanc, however, only vvmyba1a was observed, and the amount of vvmyba1 dna in pinot blanc was half that in pinot noir. these findings suggest that deletion of vvmyba1c from pinot noir resulted in pinot blanc. | 2006 | 16794336 |
| the molecular basis for wine grape quality--a volatile subject. | volatile organic compounds are important flavor components of finished wines. in addition to winemaking practices, which shape wine quality, cultivation of the grape berries in the vineyard each season affects the production of volatile organic compounds as well as other chemical components that ultimately contribute to our perception of flavor in finished wines. by studying how berry flavor components are determined by the interplay of vine genotypes, the environment, and cultivation practices ... | 2006 | 16469915 |
| colour variation in red grapevines (vitis vinifera l.): genomic organisation, expression of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase genes and related metabolite profiling of red cyanidin-/blue delphinidin-based anthocyanins in berry skin. | structural genes of the phenyl-propanoid pathway which encode flavonoid 3'- and 3',5'-hydroxylases (f3'h and f3'5'h) have long been invoked to explain the biosynthesis of cyanidin- and delphinidin-based anthocyanin pigments in the so-called red cultivars of grapevine. the relative proportion of the two types of anthocyanins is largely under genetic control and determines the colour variation among red/purple/blue berry grape varieties and their corresponding wines. | 2006 | 16433923 |
| mercury hinders recovery of shoot hydraulic conductivity during grapevine rehydration: evidence from a whole-plant approach. | this experiment aimed to test whether recovery of shoot hydraulic conductivity after drought depends on cellular metabolism in addition to xylem hydraulics. we rehydrated droughted grapevines (vitis vinifera) after treating intact plants through the root with 0.5 mm mercuric chloride (a metabolic inhibitor) at the end of the stress period, before rehydration. the contribution of mercury-inhibited water transport in both shoot and root, and the extent of shoot vessel embolization, were assessed. ... | 2006 | 17083677 |
| pruning-induced tylose development in stems of current-year shoots of vitis vinifera (vitaceae). | tyloses form in xylem vessels in response to various environmental stimuli, but little is known of the kinetics or regulation of their development. preliminary investigations indicated that wounds seal quickly with tyloses after pruning of grapevine shoots. in this study, tylose development was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively at different depths and times from pruning cuts along current-year shoots of grapevines at basal, middle, and apical stem regions. tyloses developed simultaneousl ... | 2006 | 21642102 |
| commercial dietary ingredients from vitis vinifera l. leaves and grape skins: antioxidant and chemical characterization. | this paper reports an attempt to functionally and chemically characterize commercial ingredients from vitis vinifera l. grape skins, grape pomace, and leaves, which are used in the formulation of dietary antioxidant supplements. the antioxidant capacity of these ingredients was assessed for the first time by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) methodology. ingredients from grape skins and pomace (n = 17) showed orac values from 1.38 to 21.4 mumol trolox equivalents/mg whereas ingredien ... | 2006 | 16417286 |
| noninvasive evaluation of the degree of ripeness in grape berries (vitis vinifera l. cv. bacchus and silvaner) by chlorophyll fluorescence. | the use of chlorophyll fluorescence measurements to noninvasively evaluate degrees of ripeness was investigated in berries at various stages of ripening from two white grapevine cultivars (vitis vinifera l. cv. bacchus and silvaner). berries were characterized by diameter, weight, and density and by concentrations of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and total sugars, as well as fructose/glucose ratios, and also by chlorophyll fluorescence at f(0) and f(m) levels and the fluorescence ratio f(v)/f(m). ... | 2006 | 16417283 |
| influence of different phenolic copigments on the color of malvidin 3-glucoside. | the effectiveness of seven phenolic compounds (catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin b2, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, myricitrin, and quercitrin) as copigments of malvidin 3-glucoside, the major anthocyanin in red wines from vitis vinifera, using a copigment/pigment molar ratio of 1:1 was assayed in model wine solutions under the same conditions (ph=3.6, 12% ethanol). the stability of the copigment-pigment complexes formed was studied during a storage period of 60 days at 25 degrees c. tristimulu ... | 2006 | 16848527 |
| argentinean cultivars of vitis vinifera grow better than european ones when cultured in vitro under salinity. | argentinean vitis vinifera cultivars although originated from europe, have clear ampelographic and genotypic differences as compared with the european cultivars currently used in wine making. in vitro evaluation of salt tolerance has been used in many species. our hypothesis was that argentinean cultivars are more tolerant to salinity than european ones. three european cultivars, malbec, cabernet sauvignon and chardonnay and four argentincan cultivars, cereza, criolla chica, pedro gimcnez and to ... | 2006 | 16845822 |
| linkage disequilibrium in cultivated grapevine, vitis vinifera l. | we present here the first study of linkage disequilibrium (ld) in cultivated grapevine, vitis vinifera l. subsp. vinifera (sativa), an outcrossing highly heterozygous perennial species. our goal was to characterize the amount and pattern of ld at the scale of a few centimorgans (cm) between 38 microsatellite loci located on five linkage groups, in order to assess its origin and potential applications. we used a core collection of 141 cultivars representing the diversity of the cultivated compart ... | 2006 | 16402190 |
| effect of shading on accumulation of flavonoid compounds in (vitis vinifera l.) pinot noir fruit and extraction in a model system. | accumulation and compositional changes of flavonols, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins were measured in vitis vinifera l. cv. pinot noir in shaded and exposed treatments. in addition, extraction of these compounds into a model wine solution was measured. the study was conducted in a commercial vineyard within a uniform zone of relatively low vigor vines. light exclusion boxes were installed on pairs of clusters on the same shoot (shaded treatment), and a second set of clusters on an adjacent s ... | 2006 | 17061828 |
| [effect of homogeneity on cell growth and anthocyanin biosynthesis in suspension cultures of vitis vinifera]. | the instability of secondary metabolite production is a ubiquitous problem in plant cell culture. to understand the instability, the investigation of anthocyanin accumulation in suspension cultures of vitis vinifera, as a model system, has been initiated in our laboratory. suspension culture of a relatively homogeneous cell line e of v. vinifera, was established by long-term cell line selection by anthocyanin content differentiation. the aggregate size of e was smaller than that of other cell li ... | 2006 | 17037206 |
| nuclear dna content of vitis vinifera cultivars and ploidy level analyses of somatic embryo-derived plants obtained from anther culture. | flow cytometry was employed to determine the ploidy level of vitis vinifera l. somatic embryo-derived plants obtained from anther culture. only one among the 41 analysed plants (2.4%) presented somaclonal variation (tetraploidy); the other plants were diploid. no significant differences (p<or=0.05) were detected between diploid and parental field plants. no haploid or aneuploid plants were observed. the nuclear dna content of nine v. vinifera cultivars was also estimated using flow cytometry. a ... | 2006 | 16614867 |
| densitometric thin-layer chromatographic determination of aescin in a herbal medicinal product containing aesculus and vitis dry extracts. | a thin-layer chromatographic (tlc) method is developed to analyze the total saponin content, also referred to as the aescin content, in a herbal medicinal product (hmp) containing two dry extracts in capsules. the capsules contain 250 mg of aesculus hippocastanum dry extract, 120 mg of vitis vinifera dry extract and 50mg of excipients. after a purification step using c(18) solid phase extraction (spe) cartridges, the samples are analyzed on a silica-gel hptlc plate with the upper layer of a mixt ... | 2006 | 16364347 |
| antilisterial activity of grape juice and grape extracts derived from vitis vinifera variety ribier. | grape juice and skin and seed extracts of vitis vinifera var. ribier black table grapes were found to be highly inhibitory towards listeria monocytogenes. this grape juice was also active against all other listeria species tested but not against bacillus cereus, salmonella menston, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus or yersinia enterocolitica. fractionation of the extracts showed that the antilisterial activity was strongest in the polymeric phenolic fractions. two different types of active ... | 2006 | 16386816 |
| transgenic peas (pisum sativum) expressing polygalacturonase inhibiting protein from raspberry (rubus idaeus) and stilbene synthase from grape (vitis vinifera). | the pea (pisum sativum l.) varieties baroness (united kingdome) and baccara (france) were transformed via agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer with pgptv binary vectors containing the bar gene in combination with two different antifungal genes coding for polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) from raspberry (rubus idaeus l.) driven by a double 35s promoter, or the stilbene synthase (vst1) from grape (vitis vinifera l.) driven by its own elicitor-inducible promoter. transgenic li ... | 2006 | 16802117 |
| influence of vineyard location and vine water status on fruit maturation of nonirrigated cv. agiorgitiko (vitis vinifera l.). effects on wine phenolic and aroma components. | the influence of site on grape and wine composition was investigated for vitis vinifera l. cv. agiorgitiko in the nemea appellation area in southern greece. three nonirrigated plots were studied during the 1997 and 1998 vintages, which were typically very hot and without summer rainfall. vines were subjected to different water regimens as a result of the variation of soil water-holding capacity and evaporative demand. vine water status was determined by means of predawn leaf water potential. dif ... | 2006 | 16819919 |
| expression analysis of defence-related genes in grapevine leaves after inoculation with a host and a non-host pathogen. | the expression of pr protein encoding genes and genes involved in the phenylpropanoid metabolism was analysed on grapevine leaves of susceptible and resistant cvs. in response to inoculation with the host-pathogen plasmopara viticola and the non-host pathogen pseudoperonospora cubensis, the downy mildew pathogen of cucumber. these experiments were conducted to elucidate whether or not grapevine plants susceptible to downy mildew exhibit an identical defence response after inoculation with the no ... | 2006 | 16531058 |
| in-vivo assessment of antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of grapevine leaves (vitis vinifera) in diabetic rats. | the acute and the subacute (15 days) hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic effect of the two different doses (250, 500 mg/kg) of the aqueous extract from the leaves of vitis vinifera l. were evaluated in this study. the aqueous extract was further fractionated through successive solvent extractions and the acute effect of different doses of its subfractions, 25 mg/kg for ethylacetate fraction, 80 mg/kg for n-butanol fraction and 375 mg/kg for remaining aqueous fraction were investigated using nor ... | 2006 | 16824713 |
| [significant improved anthocyanins biosynthesis in suspension cultures of vitis vinifera by process intensification]. | the low-production is a ubiquitous problem and has prevented the commercialization of secondary metabolite production in plant cell culture. in order to examine the effective approaches to improvement of secondary metabolite production in plant cell culture, the investigation of anthocyanins accumulation in suspension cultures of vitis vinifera, as a model system, had been initiated in our laboratory. in this present research, various elicitors and the precursor of phenylalanine were used in com ... | 2006 | 16607960 |
| characterization of a new, nonpathogenic mutant of botrytis cinerea with impaired plant colonization capacity. | botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen that attacks more than 200 plant species. here, the nonpathogenic mutant a336, obtained via insertional mutagenesis, was characterized. mutant a336 was nonpathogenic on leaves and fruits, on intact and wounded tissue, while still able to penetrate the host plant. it grew normally in vitro on rich media but its conidiation pattern was altered. the mutant did not produce oxalic acid and exhibited a modified regulation of the production of some secreted p ... | 2006 | 16626475 |
| yeasts isolated from three varieties of grapes cultivated in different locations of the dolenjska vine-growing region, slovenia. | the number and diversity of yeasts on grape berry surfaces are influenced by several factors, such as grape variety, degree of grape maturity at harvest, climatological conditions, geographic location, physical damage of grapes, the intensity of pest management etc. cvicek is a typical slovene wine, which has obtained a special protection under the slovene wine law for its geographical origin. this blended red wine is produced from different grape varieties (vitis vinifera l.), mostly from red g ... | 2006 | 16626833 |
| modified cyclodextrins are chemically defined glucan inducers of defense responses in grapevine cell cultures. | in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.), defense responses after microbial infection or treatment with elicitors involve accumulation of phytoalexins, oxidative burst, and the synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins. oligosaccharide fractions from fungal or algal cell walls efficiently induce the defense responses, but a detailed analysis of the elicitor-plant cell surface interaction at the molecular level is precluded by the lack of chemically pure oligosaccharide elicitors. a grapevine liquid cel ... | 2006 | 16390179 |
| isolation and characterization of rhizosphere bacteria with potential for biological control of weeds in vineyards. | deleterious rhizosphere inhabiting bacteria (drb) have potential to suppress plant growth. this project focuses on the isolation of drb with potential for development as commercial products for weed control. | 2006 | 16629995 |
| survival of inoculated saccharomyces cerevisiae strain on wine grapes during two vintages. | to investigate the influence of a specific ecological niche, the wine grape, on the survival and development of saccharomyces cerevisiae. | 2006 | 16478512 |
| aflp analysis of genetic variation within the two economically important anatolian grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) varietal groups. | the anatolian region of modern-day turkey is believed to have played an important role in the history of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) domestication and spread. despite this, the rich grape germplasm of this region is virtually uncharacterized genetically. in this study, the amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflp)-based genetic relations of the grapevine accessions belonging to the 2 economically important anatolian table grape varietal groups known as v. vinifera 'misket' (muscat) and v. ... | 2006 | 16767171 |
| phylogenetic analyses of vitis (vitaceae) based on complete chloroplast genome sequences: effects of taxon sampling and phylogenetic methods on resolving relationships among rosids. | the vitaceae (grape) is an economically important family of angiosperms whose phylogenetic placement is currently unresolved. recent phylogenetic analyses based on one to several genes have suggested several alternative placements of this family, including sister to caryophyllales, asterids, saxifragales, dilleniaceae or to rest of rosids, though support for these different results has been weak. there has been a recent interest in using complete chloroplast genome sequences for resolving phylog ... | 2006 | 16603088 |
| a novel bacteroidetes symbiont is localized in scaphoideus titanus, the insect vector of flavescence dorée in vitis vinifera. | flavescence dorée (fd) is a grapevine disease that afflicts several wine production areas in europe, from portugal to serbia. fd is caused by a bacterium, "candidatus phytoplasma vitis," which is spread throughout the vineyards by a leafhopper, scaphoideus titanus (cicadellidae). after collection of s. titanus specimens from fd-contaminated vineyards in three different areas in the piedmont region of italy, we performed a survey to characterize the bacterial microflora associated with this insec ... | 2006 | 16461701 |
| mycobiota and ochratoxin a producing fungi from spanish wine grapes. | grapes from three different regions with a long winemaking tradition in spain were analysed at different growth stages in order to identify the ochratoxigenic mycobiota during three consecutive seasons. the correlation between meteorological parameters and ochratoxigenic fungi was studied and revealed a significant positive correlation between black aspergilli infection and temperatures in the month preceding each sampling date. no significant correlation was found with either relative humidity ... | 2006 | 16687184 |
| molecular characterization of grapevine plants transformed with gflv resistance genes: ii. | a collection of 127 putatively transgenic individuals of vitis vinifera cv. russalka was characterized by pcr and southern hybridization. six different constructs containing the neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) marker gene and sequences of the grapevine fanleaf virus coat protein (gflv cp) gene including non-translatable and truncated forms were transferred via agrobacterium-mediated transformation. detection of transgenic sequences by pcr was positive in all lines. southern blot analysis rev ... | 2006 | 16408176 |
| interactions between yeasts and grapevines: filamentous growth, endopolygalacturonase and phytopathogenicity of colonizing yeasts. | it has been clearly established that phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, and viruses exert biotic stresses on plants. much less is known, however, about the interactions between enological species of yeast and their host plants. in a previous study, we described how saccharomyces cerevisiae, the most common enological yeast, can act as a grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) pathogen, causing growth retardation or plant death. in the present in vitro study on 11 strains of yeast belonging to different gene ... | 2006 | 16408245 |
| molecular basis of ergosterol-induced protection of grape against botrytis cinerea: induction of type i ltp promoter activity, wrky, and stilbene synthase gene expression. | type i lipid transfer proteins (ltps) are basic, 9-kda cystein-rich proteins believed to be involved in plant defense mechanisms. a 2,100-bp fragment containing the coding region of vitis vinifera lipid transfer protein 1 (vvltp1) and 1,420-bp of its promoter region was isolated by screening a grape genomic library. in silico analysis revealed several putative, defense-related, cis-regulatory elements such as w- and myb-boxes, involved in the binding of wrky and myb transcription factors, respec ... | 2006 | 17022174 |
| rflp characterization of aspergillus niger aggregate species from grapes from europe and israel. | in order to characterize by molecular methods the aspergillus niger aggregate species involved in the ochratoxin a (ota) contamination of european wine grapes and table grapes from israel, a total of 173 strains were studied. the its-5.8s rdna fragments of 173 a. niger agreggate strains from grapes included in this study were amplified and their pcr amplicons were rsai digested in order to classify the strains in the rflp types, n and t. all of the strains belonging to the a. niger aggregate wer ... | 2006 | 16690149 |
| abiotic stress generates ros that signal expression of anionic glutamate dehydrogenases to form glutamate for proline synthesis in tobacco and grapevine. | glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) may be a stress-responsive enzyme, as gdh exhibits considerable thermal stability, and de novo synthesis of the alpha-gdh subunit is induced by exogenous ammonium and senescence. nacl treatment induces reactive oxygen species (ros), intracellular ammonia, expression of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv xanthi) gdh-nad;a1 encoding the alpha-subunit of gdh, increase in immunoreactive alpha-polypeptide, assembly of the anionic isoenzymes, and in vitro gdh aminating activit ... | 2006 | 17041150 |
| the grapevine polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (vvpgip1) reduces botrytis cinerea susceptibility in transgenic tobacco and differentially inhibits fungal polygalacturonases. | polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (pgips) selectively inhibit polygalacturonases (pgs) secreted by invading plant pathogenic fungi. pgips display differential inhibition towards pgs from different fungi, also towards different isoforms of pgs originating from a specific pathogen. recently, a pgip-encoding gene from vitis vinifera (vvpgip1) was isolated and characterised. pgip purified from grapevine was shown to inhibit crude polygalacturonase extracts from botrytis cinerea, but this inhibit ... | 2006 | 17072564 |
| survival and growth of aspergillus carbonarius on wine grapes before harvest. | aspergillus carbonarius, the primary ota-producing species in australia, was inoculated onto the surface of chardonnay and shiraz bunches at pre-bunch closure, veraison and pre-harvest during the 2002-03 and 2003-04 seasons. mean a. carbonarius counts decreased between pre-bunch closure and veraison, and increased between veraison and pre-harvest. increases in a. carbonarius counts from veraison onwards were most marked in chardonnay bunches during 2003-04; such bunches comprised more berries an ... | 2006 | 16707180 |
| interactions between brettanomyces bruxellensis and other yeast species during the initial stages of winemaking. | wine is the product of complex interactions between yeasts and bacteria in grape must. amongst yeast populations, two groups can be distinguished. the first, named non-saccharomyces (ns), colonizes, with many other micro-organisms, the surface of grape berries. in the past, ns yeasts were primarily considered as spoilage micro-organisms. however, recent studies have established a positive contribution of certain ns yeasts to wine quality. amongst the group of ns yeasts, brettanomyces bruxellensi ... | 2006 | 16696668 |
| genealogy of wine grape cultivars: "pinot" is related to "syrah". | since the domestication of wild grapes ca 6000 years ago, numerous cultivars have been generated by spontaneous or deliberate crosses, and up to 10 000 are still in existence today. just as in human paternity analysis, dna typing can reveal unexpected parentage of grape cultivars. in this study, we have analysed 89 grape cultivars with 60 microsatellite markers in order to accurately calculate the identity-by-descent (ibd) and relatedness (r) coefficients among six putatively related cultivars f ... | 2006 | 16721391 |
| effect of lobesia botrana damages on black aspergilli rot and ochratoxin a content in grapes. | sixty-nine wine grape samples of two varieties (bombino nero and uva di troia) were collected from four vineyards in a high ochratoxin a (ota) incidence grape-growing area in apulia, southern italy, during the 2001 and 2002 crop harvests. the levels of toxin, measured in the two year harvests, ranged from 0.02 to 681 ng/g of fresh berries. in both surveys, higher levels of contamination by black aspergilli and ota were found in both intact and rotten berries originating from bunches damaged by l ... | 2006 | 16707181 |
| ochratoxin a occurrence and formation in portuguese wine grapes at various stages of maturation. | a total of 93 portuguese grape samples destined for wine production were examined for the presence of ochratoxin a (ota) and the ota producing fungi aspergillus carbonarius and a. niger aggregate. samples came from 11 vineyards from four winemaking regions in the north and south of the portuguese mainland, during the harvest seasons of 2001, 2002 and 2003. grapes were examined at 3 maturation stages, from setting to the harvesting period, to evaluate when contamination with ota producing fungi a ... | 2006 | 16707182 |
| methyl jasmonate induces defense responses in grapevine and triggers protection against erysiphe necator. | grapevine is subject to a number of diseases that affect yield and wine quality. to limit the excessive use of phytochemicals in the vineyard, alternative strategies have to be developed. plant treatment with signaling molecules like elicitors stimulates their natural defense mechanisms. to improve grapevine tolerance against fungal pathogens, vitis vinifera plants were treated with a natural exogenous elicitor, methyl jasmonate (meja). meja-treated leaves (cabernet sauvignon foliar cuttings) re ... | 2006 | 17117799 |
| xylem structure and connectivity in grapevine (vitis vinifera) shoots provides a passive mechanism for the spread of bacteria in grape plants. | bacterial leaf scorch occurring in a number of economically important plants is caused by the xylem-limited bacterium xylella fastidiosa (xf). in grapevine, xf systemic infection causes pierce's disease and is lethal. traditional dogma is that xf movement between vessels requires the digestion of inter-vessel pit membranes. however, yersinia enterocolitica (ye) (a bacterium found in animals) and fluorescent beads moved rapidly within grapevine xylem from stem into leaf lamina, suggesting open co ... | 2006 | 16790469 |
| anthocyanin-rich extracts inhibit multiple biomarkers of colon cancer in rats. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the chemoprotective activity of anthocyanin-rich extracts (ares) from bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.), chokeberry (aronia meloncarpa e.), and grape (vitis vinifera) by assessing multiple biomarkers of colon cancer in male rats treated with a colon carcinogen, azoxymethane. fischer 344 male rats were fed the ain-93 diet (control) or ain-93 diet supplemented with ares for 14 wk. biomarkers that were evaluated included the number and multiplicity of ... | 2006 | 16800776 |
| effect of oligomer procyanidins on reperfusion arrhythmias and lactate dehydrogenase release in the isolated rat heart. | the antiarrhythmic effect of an oral 3-week-pretreatment with oligomer procyanidins derived from vitis vinifera was investigated on the isolated perfused heart after global no-flow ischemia (procyanidin-treated group: n = 9, control group: n = 13). hearts were perfused with a modified krebs-henseleit solution in which the k+ content was reduced to 3.0 mmol/l in order to lower the fibrillation threshold. monophasic action potentials in addition to ecg were recorded. the durations of ischemia and ... | 2006 | 16821641 |
| salmon, wildlife, and wine: marine-derived nutrients in human-dominated ecosystems of central california. | pacific salmon transfer large quantities of marine-derived nutrients to adjacent forest ecosystems with profound effects on plant and wildlife production. we investigated this process for two highly modified california wine country rivers, one with consistent salmon runs (mokelumne river) and one without (calaveras river). mokelumne river chinook salmon transported biomass and n comparable to pacific northwest salmon streams. calaveras river levels were much less. scavenger numbers correlated wi ... | 2006 | 16826998 |
| enhancement of chilling resistance of inoculated grapevine plantlets with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, burkholderia phytofirmans strain psjn. | in vitro inoculation of vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay explants with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, burkholderia phytofirmans strain psjn, increased grapevine growth and physiological activity at a low temperature. there was a relationship between endophytic bacterial colonization of the grapevine plantlets and their growth at both ambient (26 degrees c) and low (4 degrees c) temperatures and their sensitivities to chilling. the major benefits of bacterization were observed on root g ... | 2006 | 16980419 |
| botrytis cinerea virulence is drastically reduced after disruption of chitin synthase class iii gene (bcchs3a). | botrytis cinerea is an important phytopathogenic fungus requiring new methods of control. chitin biosynthesis, which involves seven classes of chitin synthases, could be an attractive target. a fragment encoding one of the class iii enzymes was used to disrupt the corresponding bcchs3a gene in the b. cinerea genome. the resulting mutant exhibited a 39% reduction in its chitin content and an 89% reduction in its in vitro chitin synthase activity, compared with the wild-type strain. bcchs3a mutant ... | 2006 | 16882034 |
| aspergillus ibericus: a new species of section nigri isolated from grapes. | as part of a study on the ochratoxin producing mycoflora of grapes, several aspergillus strains were isolated and tested for their ochratoxin a (ota) producing abilities. aspergillus strains of the section nigri, which did not produce detectable amounts of ota but which had a similar morphology to a. carbonarius, were isolated from wine grapes and/or dried vine fruit in portugal and spain. these strains, however, have characters that allow morphological distinction from the other species in the ... | 2006 | 16894975 |
| hydrolysis and transformation of grape glycosidically bound volatile compounds during fermentation with three saccharomyces yeast strains. | the ability of three saccharomyces wine yeasts (s. cerevisiae awri 838, s. cerevisiae awri 1537, and s. bayanus awri 1375) to liberate volatile compounds from sugar-bound aroma precursors was investigated using synthetic and grape glycosides under different experimental conditions. in model systems involving the incubation of yeast cells with either synthetic or grape-derived glycosides under conditions more favorable for glycosidase activities and less favorable for acid-catalyzed hydrolysis (p ... | 2006 | 16910726 |