| effects of flumioxazin herbicide on carbon nutrition of vitis vinifera l. | to evaluate the impact of the herbicide flumioxazin (fmx) on nontarget grapevines, its effects were assessed on fruiting cuttings and field-grown plants. the stress caused by the herbicide differed according to the grapevine model. in cuttings, leaf gas exchange and photosynthetic pigment levels as well as hexose contents decreased, whereas sucrose and starch accumulated, suggesting an inhibition of photosynthesis and an increase of carbohydrate reserves as a response to the fmx-induced stress. ... | 2003 | 12822940 |
| stress effects of flumioxazin herbicide on grapevine ( vitis vinifera l.) grown in vitro. | among the herbicides used in vineyards, the pre-emergence soil-applied flumioxazin (fmx) is a recently synthesized molecule that inhibits chlorophyll biosynthesis in weed species. the aim of this work was to characterize the effects of fmx on non-target grapevine ( vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay) plantlets grown in vitro. fmx treatment (from 1 to 100 micro m) represented a stress, as revealed by measurement of several parameters. stem and leaves underwent dehydration and a decrease in both wat ... | 2003 | 12819925 |
| are xylem radial development and hydraulic conductivity in downwardly-growing grapevine shoots influenced by perturbed auxin metabolism? | downwardly-growing grapevine shoots have smaller and more frequent vessels than upwardly-growing ones and, as a consequence, a lower hydraulic conductivity. here, grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) shoot growth orientation was manipulated to test whether downward shoot orientation negatively affects vessel growth in the apex via a shortage of water and nutrients. the orientation of the central vine shoot portion was inverted by two consecutive 135 degrees bends, resulting in double-bent n-shaped vine ... | 2002 | 12817565 |
| impact of flumioxazin herbicide on growth and carbohydrate physiology in vitis vinifera l. | the impact of flumioxazin herbicide on in vitro-grown grapevine ( vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay) was investigated. the herbicide treatments (1, 10 or 100 micro m flumioxazin in mm medium) had a negative impact on photosynthesis, as revealed by a reduction in foliar chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, gas exchanges and alteration in plastid structure and, consequently, resulted in a strong inhibition of plantlet growth. surprisingly, soluble sugars and starch accumulated in all organs, sugges ... | 2003 | 12789529 |
| pathway leading to the formation of anthocyanin-vinylphenol adducts and related pigments in red wines. | on the basis of observations from vitis vinifera cv. pinotage wines and experiments performed in model wine medium, a new chemical pathway responsible for the formation of anthocyanin-vinylphenol adducts in red wines is described. until now, these pigments have been considered to be reaction products of anthocyanins and vinylphenols, the latter being generated during fermentation by enzymatic decarboxylation of the respective cinnamic acids. the mechanism of the novel pathway, involving intact h ... | 2003 | 12769545 |
| grape extract, resveratrol, and its analogs: a review. | the recent and essential reports on the biological activity of the principal phytophenols of vitis vinifera and wine, with special attention to resveratrol, are reviewed. the phytophenols are arbitrarily divisible into single-ring phenolic acids, bisphenols including stilbenes, tricyclic phenols (flavonoids) and their subclasses, and oligomeric and polymeric species, the proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins. their precursors and the stilbenes, including resveratrol with its analogs and conjugate ... | 2001 | 12639418 |
| analysis of wine components in cynthiana and syrah wines. | red wine is composed of a complex matrix of compounds that can interfere with analysis. a high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) procedure was developed to efficiently analyze organic acids, sugars, glycerol, and ethanol in cynthiana (vitis aestivalis) wine. standard laboratory procedures (ph, titratable acidity, and color attributes) and hplc were found reproducible for cynthiana wine. hplc recovery efficiency was determined by analysis of spiked and unspiked samples (model, cynthiana, a ... | 2003 | 12617581 |
| postharvest uv-c-irradiated grapes as a potential source for producing stilbene-enriched red wines. | the use of postharvest controlled irradiation by uv pulses is proposed as a potential method to produce stilbene-enriched red wine. "monastrell" grapes were uv-c-irradiated to increase stilbene content. the main inducible stilbenes were resveratrol and piceatannol, which are molecules with reported health-beneficial activities. the evolution of both compounds was followed in the different steps of an "analytical" traditional maceration wine-making process. the final wine made from uv-c-irradiate ... | 2003 | 12590457 |
| genetic mapping of grapevine ( vitis vinifera l.) applied to the detection of qtls for seedlessness and berry weight. | parental and consensus genetic maps of vitis vinifera l. (2n = 38) were constructed using a f(1) progeny of 139 individuals from a cross between two partially seedless genotypes. the consensus map contained 301 markers [250 amplification fragment length polymorphisms (aflps), 44 simple sequence repeats (ssrs), three isozymes, two random amplified polymorphic dnas (rapds), one sequence-characterized amplified region (scar), and one phenotypic marker, berry color] mapped onto 20 linkage groups, an ... | 2002 | 12582493 |
| evaluating the potential of ssr flanking regions for examining taxonomic relationships in the vitaceae. | three est-derived microsatellite loci from vitis vinifera were amplified and sequenced across eight species of vitaceae from four different genera. phylogenetic analysis of the microsatellite's flanking regions produced informative results in congruence with previous studies. generic relationships were respected and the data produced sufficient inter-specific variation to distinguish between cayratia acris and cayratia saponaria, two very closely related species. overall, the sequence alignments ... | 2002 | 12579429 |
| spermidine and related-metabolic inhibitors modulate sugar and amino acid levels in vitis vinifera l.: possible relationships with initial fruitlet abscission. | the relationships between free polyamines (pas), sugar and amino acid status were investigated in cuttings from two cultivars of vitis vinifera l., pinot noir (pn), a low abscising cultivar and merlot (mrt), a high abscising one. in both cultivars free pas decreased in inflorescences, but more drastically in mrt plants. upon anthesis, this was associated with a decreased sugar content, especially sucrose, and an increase in total free amino acids. thereafter, sucrose and amino acids showed oppos ... | 2003 | 12493864 |
| characterization of proanthocyanidins in grape seeds using electrospray mass spectrometry. | two proanthocyanidin (pa) fractions, one (sdp3) with the mean degree of polymerization (mdp) of 3 and the other (sdp9) with mdp of 9, were obtained from a vitis vinifera cv. shiraz grape seed extract. the pa fractions were directly analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (es-ms) and negative ion mass spectra were recorded. the mass spectrum of sdp3 exhibited only singly charged ions corresponding to the molecular mass of pa with a degree of polymerization (dp) up to 9 (nonamers). i ... | 2003 | 12478550 |
| cellular and subcellular localisation of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase in grapes gives new insights on the regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. | the subcellular localisation of glutamine synthetase (gs) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) leaves and flowers was investigated using immunogold-labelling experiments. in mature leaf tissue or fully developed flowers, gs was visualised both in the cytosol and in the chloroplasts, a high proportion of the protein being present in the phloem companion cells. gdh was preferentially located in the mitochondria of the phloem companion cells in both leaves and flowers. ... | 2002 | 12447538 |
| genetically tailored grapevines for the wine industry. | grapevine biotechnology is one of the most promising developments in the global wine industry, which is increasingly faced with conflicting demands from markets, consumers and environmentalists. in the grapevine industries, this technology and its supporting disciplines entail the establishment of stress tolerant and disease resistant varieties of vitis vinifera, with increased productivity, efficiency, sustainability and environmental friendliness, especially regarding improved pest and disease ... | 2002 | 12413822 |
| procyanidins from vitis vinifera seeds: in vivo effects on oxidative stress. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with procyanidins from vitis vinifera on markers of oxidative stress. ten healthy volunteers received a daily dose of 110 mg of procyanidins for 30 days. fasting venous blood samples were taken before and at the end of the supplementation period and after 7 days of wash-out. the total antioxidant activity and the plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol were not modified. conversely, the levels of alpha-tocopherol in red bl ... | 2002 | 12358505 |
| application of a dna analysis method for the cultivar identification of grape musts and experimental and commercial wines of vitis vinifera l. using microsatellite markers. | a dna-based method has been applied to the identification of several musts and wines using microsatellite markers. dna was extracted from the solid phases of sixteen monovarietal and five multivarietal musts (mixtures of two musts down to a 4:1 proportion) and they were genotyped at seven microsatellites through a multiplex pcr reaction and automated fluorescent detection. pcr multiplexing was successful in monovarietal musts, but should be used with caution with at least some markers and in mul ... | 2002 | 12358485 |
| improved in vitro embryo development of stenospermic grape by putrescine. | the goal of this study was to determine the effect of putrescine, added to the culture medium, on the in vitro development of stenospermic grape (vitis vinifera l) embryos. the cross breedings of perlón x g.c88552 and perlón x argentina were used. 0 (control), 2 and 4 mm of putrescine were added to the immature seed's culture medium. in perlón x argentina, 2 mm of putrescine statistically increased the percentage of total embryos, direct germination, polyembryos and normal plants. in perlón x g. ... | 2002 | 12240561 |
| vfl, the grapevine floricaula/leafy ortholog, is expressed in meristematic regions independently of their fate. | the flowering process in grapevine (vitis vinifera) takes place in buds and extends for two consecutive growing seasons. to understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this process, we have characterized grapevine bud development, cloned the grapevine floricaula/leafy (flo/lfy) ortholog, vfl, and analyzed its expression patterns during vegetative and reproductive development. flowering induction takes place during the first season. upon induction, the shoot apical meristem begins ... | 2002 | 12226487 |
| treatment of grape berries, a nonclimacteric fruit with a synthetic auxin, retards ripening and alters the expression of developmentally regulated genes. | treatment of grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries with the synthetic auxin-like compound benzothiazole-2-oxyacetic acid (btoa) caused a delay in the onset of ripening of approximately 2 weeks. this was manifested as a retardation of the increases in berry weight, color, deformability, and hexose concentration. btoa treatment also delayed by 2 weeks the increase in abscisic acid level that normally accompanies ripening and altered the expression of a number of developmentally regulated genes. a puta ... | 1997 | 12223864 |
| preparative isolation of polyphenolic compounds from vitis vinifera by centrifugal partition chromatography. | this study deals with a centrifugal partition chromatography developed for the separation of phenolic compounds from vitis vinifera. etoac grape seed extracts were separated using the solvent system hexane-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (1:8:2:7; v/v) in two fractions: one containing about 75% of flavanol monomers (catechin and epicatechin) corresponding to 18% of crude extract and another fraction b-type dimers (22% of crude extract). from the stalk extracts, we could separate stilbenoid compounds ... | 2002 | 12198840 |
| galloylated catechins and stilbene diglucosides in vitis vinifera cell suspension cultures. | suspension cultures of vitis vinifera were found to produce catechins and stilbenes. when cells were grown in a medium inducing polyphenol synthesis, (-)-epicatechin-3-o-gallate, dimeric procyanidin b-2 3'-o-gallate and two resveratrol diglucosides were isolated, together with a new natural compound that was identified as cis-resveratrol-3,4'-o-beta-diglucoside by spectroscopical methods. | 2002 | 12150801 |
| allometric relationships to estimate seasonal above-ground vegetative and reproductive biomass of vitis vinifera l. | a procedure is described for obtaining allometric regression equations to estimate non-destructively and in a cost-effective manner the current year's above-ground vegetative and reproductive biomass of vitis vinifera l. merlot' throughout the growing season. significant relationships were obtained over a 3-year period (1998-2000) between the dimensions of an individual shoot per vine (i.e. diameter and length) and dry weights of its primary stem, primary leaves and lateral growth. the dry mass ... | 2002 | 12096800 |
| sulfur aroma precursor present in s-glutathione conjugate form: identification of s-3-(hexan-1-ol)-glutathione in must from vitis vinifera l. cv. sauvignon blanc. | when sauvignon blanc or gros manseng grape must was percolated through an immobilized gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase column, there was a significant increase in the concentration of s-3-(hexan-1-ol)-l-cysteine, the precursor of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol, a compound that contributes to the varietal aroma of wines made from these grapes. low- and high-resolution liquid secondary ion mass sepectrometry (lsims) analyses established the presence of s-3-(hexan-1-ol)-glutathione in sauvignon blanc must. the i ... | 2002 | 12083886 |
| analysis of grape vitis vinifera l. dna in must mixtures and experimental mixed wines using microsatellite markers. | because wine quality highly relies on the varietal composition of the must, the development of methods allowing the authentication of varieties in musts and wines would be of great value as a guarantee of quality. microsatellite markers have already been applied to the authentication of grape juices (faria, m. a.; magalhães, r.; ferreira, m. a.; meredith, c. p.; ferreira monteiro, f. j. agric. food chem. 2000, 48, 1096-1100) and to the analysis of experimental wines (siret, r.; boursiquot, j. m. ... | 2002 | 12059166 |
| influence of storage conditions on the stability of monomeric anthocyanins studied by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. | the effect of light, storage time and temperature on the decomposition rate of monomeric anthocyanin pigments extracted from skins of grape (vitis vinifera var. red globe) was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc). the impact of various storage conditions on the pigment stability was assessed by stepwise regression analysis. rp-hplc separated well the five anthocyanins identified and proved the presence of other unidentified pigments at lower concentration ... | 2002 | 12013239 |
| steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence (fs) measurements as a tool to follow variations of net co2 assimilation and stomatal conductance during water-stress in c3 plants. | water stress experiments were performed with grapevines (vitis vinifera l.) and other c3 plants in the field, in potted plants in the laboratory, and with detached leaves. it was found that, in all cases, the ratio of steady state chlorophyll fluorescence (fs) normalized to dark-adapted intrinsic fluorescence (fo) inversely correlated with non-photochemical quenching (npq). also, at high irradiance, the ratio fs/fo was positively correlated with co2 assimilation in air, with electron transport r ... | 2002 | 11903970 |
| carbon-14 biolabelling of wine polyphenols in vitis vinifera cell suspension cultures. | 14c-l-phenylalanine is incorporated into a range of polyphenolic compounds when fed to grape cell cultures. optimisation of several parameters such as the quantity of precursor applied and the duration of metabolism led to incorporation yields of 15% and to specific activities of 875 mu ci g(-1) in stilbenes. purification of the products by several chromatographic steps is reported. both trans- and cis-resveratrols were easily obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of their corresponding glucosides, w ... | 2002 | 11879711 |
| antioxidant properties of trans-epsilon-viniferin as compared to stilbene derivatives in aqueous and nonaqueous media. | trans-epsilon-viniferin, the dimer of resveratrol, extracted from vitis vinifera, has been evaluated for its antioxidant capacity. its properties have been compared to those of resveratrol and synthetic stilbenic derivatives (4-hydroxystilbene, 4,4'-dihydroxystilbene, 3,5-dihydroxystilbene, and trimethylresveratrol), in regard to their liposolubility using two media with different polarity. the bleaching of beta-carotene by lipoperoxyl (loo.) radicals in an oil/water (o/w) emulsion and the scave ... | 2002 | 11853506 |
| expression patterns of cell wall-modifying enzymes during grape berry development. | during ripening of grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries, softening occurs concomitantly with the second growth phase of the fruit and involves significant changes in the properties of cell wall polysaccharides. here, the activities of enzymes that might participate in cell wall modification have been monitored throughout berry development. alpha-galactosidase (ec 3.2.1.22), beta-galactosidase (ec 3.2.1.23) and pectin methylesterase (ec 3.1.1.11) activities were present, but no polygalacturonase (ec ... | 2001 | 11800390 |
| cryopreservation of axillary buds of grape (vitis vinifera) in vitro plantlets. | axillary buds sampled from in vitro plants of four grape varieties could withstand cryopreservation using the encapsulation-dehydration technique. regrowth percentages ranged between 15 and 40%. buds were encapsulated in alginate beads containing 0.5m sucrose, precultured at 5 degrees c on media containing daily increasing sucrose concentrations from 0.1 to 1.0m, then desiccated to 21% moisture content (fresh weight basis) and frozen slowly (pre-freezing to -40 degrees c at 0.2 degrees c/min fol ... | 2006 | 11788874 |
| monoterpenic and norisoprenoidic glycoconjugates of vitis vinifera l. cv. melon b. as precursors of odorants in muscadet wines. | the volatile monoterpenic and norisoprenoidic compounds released by glycosidase enzyme hydrolysis of c18 reversed-phase isolates from the juice of vitis vinifera l. cv. melon b. have been qualitatively and quantitatively determined using gc-ms and gc-fid. the components analyzed were broadly similar to those previously reported for other varieties but the level of bound p-menth-1-en-7,8-diol was higher in this cultivar. then the monoterpenic and norisoprenoidic volatiles released from the same g ... | 2001 | 11760996 |
| purification and characterization of a o-methyltransferase capable of methylating 2-hydroxy-3-alkylpyrazine from vitis vinifera l. (cv. cabernet sauvignon). | an s-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent o-methyltransferase capable of methylating 2-hydroxy-3-alkylpyrazine (hp) was purified 7,300-fold to apparent homogeneity with an 8.2% overall recovery from vitis vinifera l. (cv. cabernet sauvignon) through a purification procedure including column chromatography on deae-sepharose ff, ether-5pw, hydroxyapatite, g2000sw(xl), and deae-5pw. the relative molecular mass of the native enzyme estimated on gel permeation chromatography was 85 kda, and the subunit mo ... | 2001 | 11758912 |
| the application of ssrs characterized for grape (vitis vinifera) to conservation studies in vitaceae. | the use of microsatellite loci developed from a single plant species across a number of related taxa is becoming increasingly widespread. this approach can provide highly informative markers even for species for which microsatellites have not been characterized. as a number of expressed sequence tag (est)-derived and enrichment-derived microsatellites are available for grape (vitis vinifera), this study set out to assess transferability of nine such loci across 25 species from five different vit ... | 2002 | 21669708 |
| stilbene compounds and stilbene synthase expression during ripening, wilting, and uv treatment in grape cv. corvina. | the content of selected phenolic compounds including resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) and its cis-isomer and glucosides (piceides) were monitored in grape (vitis vinifera l. cv. corvina) berry skin during ripening in the vineyard and in response to the post-harvest drying process (wilting). four wilting conditions were compared (traditional, mixed, low-temperature, and high-temperature) to verify the eliciting effect of drying on resveratrol production. during fruit ripening the cis ... | 2001 | 11714355 |
| determination of free and conjugated indole-3-acetic acid, tryptophan, and tryptophan metabolites in grape must and wine. | tryptophan (trp) and its metabolites, especially indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), are considered to be potential precursors of 2-aminoacetophenone (aap), an aroma compound that causes an "untypical aging off-flavor" (uta) in vitis vinifera wines. in this study, rp-hplc with fluorescence detection was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of trp and trp metabolites in grape musts and wines to which different viticultural measures had been applied (time of harvest, soil treatment, leaf plu ... | 2001 | 11714350 |
| determination of carotenoid profiles in grapes, musts, and fortified wines from douro varieties of vitis vinifera. | beta-carotene and six xanthophylls (lutein, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, luteoxanthin, cryptoxanthin, and echinenone) have been identified and semiquantitatively or quantitatively determined in musts and port wines for the first time. an hplc method was developed and compared with that of one based on thin layer cromatography with scanning densitometry. the most abundant carotenoids present in red grape varieties are beta-carotene and lutein. in wines, significant quantities of violaxanthin, luteox ... | 2001 | 11714348 |
| composition of grape skin proanthocyanidins at different stages of berry development. | the composition of grape (vitis vinifera l. cv. shiraz) skin proanthocyanidins has been determined at different stages of berry development. beginning approximately 3 weeks after fruit set and concluding at commercial ripeness, the composition of isolated skin proanthocyanidins was determined using the following analytical techniques: elemental analysis, uv-vis absorption spectroscopy, reversed-phase hplc after acid-catalysis in the presence of excess phloroglucinol, gel permeation chromatograph ... | 2001 | 11714327 |
| sink feedback regulation of photosynthesis in vines: measurements and a model. | an experimental and modelling study of source-sink interactions in vitis vinifera l., cv. cabernet sauvignon, rooted cuttings under non-limiting environmental conditions with a 12 h photoperiod is presented here. after 4 h, measured photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and leaf carbohydrate content reached maximum values. over the remainder of the photoperiod, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance decreased continuously, whereas leaf carbohydrate content remained relatively constant. because t ... | 2001 | 11709581 |
| rapid deposition of extensin during the elicitation of grapevine callus cultures is specifically catalyzed by a 40-kilodalton peroxidase. | elicitation or peroxide stimulation of grape (vitis vinifera l. cv touriga) vine callus cultures results in the rapid and selective in situ insolubilization of an abundant and ionically bound cell wall protein-denominated gvp1. surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization/time of flight-mass spectrometry analysis, the amino acid composition, and the n-terminal sequence of purified gvp1 identified it as an 89.9-kd extensin. analysis of cell walls following the in situ insolubilization of gvp1 ind ... | 2001 | 11706187 |
| effects of natural intensities of visible and ultraviolet radiation on epidermal ultraviolet screening and photosynthesis in grape leaves. | grape (vitis vinifera cv silvaner) vine plants were cultivated under shaded conditions in the absence of ultraviolet (uv) radiation in a greenhouse, and subsequently placed outdoors under three different light regimes for 7 d. different light regimes were produced by filters transmitting natural radiation, or screening out the uv-b (280-315 nm), or screening out the uv-a (315-400 nm) and the uv-b spectral range. during exposure, synthesis of uv-screening phenolics in leaves was quantified using ... | 2001 | 11706169 |
| involvement of pectin methyl-esterase during the ripening of grape berries: partial cdna isolation, transcript expression and changes in the degree of methyl-esterification of cell wall pectins. | grape berries (vitis vinifera l., cv ugni blanc) were harvested at 12 different weeks of development in 1996 and 1997. ripening was induced at veraison, the crucial stage of berry softening, and was followed by a rapid accumulation of glucose and fructose and an increase of ph. total rnas, crude proteins and cell wall material were isolated from each developmental stage. a partial length cdna (pme1, accession number af159122, genbank) encoding a pectin methyl-esterase (pme, ec 3.1.1.11) was clon ... | 2001 | 11672733 |
| new flavanol derivatives from grape (vitis vinifera) byproducts. antioxidant aminoethylthio-flavan-3-ol conjugates from a polymeric waste fraction used as a source of flavanols. | a new family of antioxidants has been obtained from a residual fraction of polymeric polyphenols of grape origin. the integral exploitation of resources is important in any sustainable production scheme. many byproducts and residues generated by the agroindustries contain polyphenols with potential application as preventative agents against cancer and cardiovascular diseases. among these polyphenols oligomeric proanthocyanidins are particularly significant. the polymeric forms, considered of les ... | 2001 | 11599999 |
| shoot orientation affects vessel size, shoot hydraulic conductivity and shoot growth rate in vitis vinifera l. | vitis vinifera l. plants were grown in containers and each plant's single shoot was orientated upwards or downwards. some plants were trained first upwards, then downwards, then again upwards (n-shaped plants). vegetative growth was reduced in plants trained downwards compared to that in upward and n-shaped plants. shoot growth rate slowed in downward shoot portions, but only after the apex had grown downwards for at least 10 internodes. shoot hydraulic conductivity kh, measured after eliminatio ... | 1999 | 11542249 |
| changes in acidity and in proton transport at the tonoplast of grape berries during development. | as in many fruits, the induction of grape berry (vitis vinifera l.) ripening results in intense breakdown of malic acid. using membrane fractions, we tested the hypothesis that changes in acidity resulted from malate vacuolar decompartmentation. the hydrolytic activities of the two primary vacuolar pumps inorganic pyrophosphatase (v-ppase; ec 3.6.1.1) and vacuolar atpase (v-atpase; ec 3.6.1.3) increased throughout development with an acceleration during ripening, as confirmed by western blotting ... | 2001 | 11523652 |
| cepheid's dna analysis system may help stop vine disease threatening california's $2.8 billion wine & grape industry. | | 2001 | 11503522 |
| simple sequence repeat analysis of a clonally propagated species: a tool for managing a grape germplasm collection. | the usda germplasm repositories help to preserve the genetic variability of important crop species by collecting and maintaining representative cultivars and related germplasm. simple sequence repeat markers with high allelic diversity were used to type 41 grapevines from 40 accessions. all vines were either seedless table grape cultivars or cultivars with names similar to table grape cultivars. the proportion of shared alleles was selected as the most appropriate statistical measure of genetic ... | 2001 | 11444702 |
| volatile compounds released by enzymatic hydrolysis of glycoconjugates of leaves and grape berries from vitis vinifera muscat of alexandria and shiraz cultivars. | glycoconjugates from muscat of alexandria and shiraz leaves and grape berries were isolated by adsorption on amberlite xad-2 resin, and enzymatically released aglycons were analyzed by gc-fid and gc-ms. about 120 aglycons were fully or tentatively identified. compositional differences were observed between leaves and berries of the two varieties in five aglycon chemical groups: c6 alcohols, aliphatic alcohols, monoterpenes, shikimates, and c(13)-norisoprenoids, which were much more abundant in t ... | 2001 | 11409987 |
| s-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent o-methylation of 2-hydroxy-3-alkylpyrazine in wine grapes: a putative final step of methoxypyrazine biosynthesis. | the final step of 2-methoxy-3-alkylpyrazine (mp) biosynthesis has been presumed to involve o-methylation of 2-hydroxy-3-alkylpyarzine (hp), although this reaction has never been demonstrated in organisms. we detected 2-hydroxy-3-isobutylpyrazine (ibhp) and 2-hydroxy-3-isopropylpyrazine (iphp) in unripe grapes, and s-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent o-methyltransferase (omt) activity toward hp in crude extracts from young shoots and unripe grapes that accumulate mp at different levels. the levels ... | 2001 | 11388455 |
| in vivo observation of cavitation and embolism repair using magnetic resonance imaging. | magnetic resonance imaging (mri) was used to noninvasively monitor the status of individual xylem vessels in the stem of an intact, transpiring grape (vitis vinifera) plant over a period of approximately 40 h. proton density-weighted mri was used to visualize the distribution of mobile water in the stem and individual xylem vessels were scored as either water or gas filled (i.e. embolized). the number of water-filled vessels decreased during the first 24 h of the experiment, indicating that appr ... | 2001 | 11351066 |
| genetic fingerprinting of grape plant (vitis vinifera) using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis and dynamic size-sieving capillary electrophoresis. | dynamic size-sieving capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (dsce-lif) was combined with random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis to demonstrate the feasibility of the genetic analysis of grape plant varieties and clones within a variety. parameters of the genomic dna extraction process, as well as those of the rapd analysis, were optimized specifically for this application. polymorphic dna fragments were generated for four different grape plant varieties inc ... | 2000 | 11312766 |
| use of electrospray mass spectrometry for mass determination of grape (vitis vinifera) juice pathogenesis-related proteins: a potential tool for varietal differentiation. | methods based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) and protein trap mass spectrometry (trap-ms) were developed to determine the complement of pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins in grape juice. trap-ms was superior to lc-ms in terms of simplicity, rapidity, and sensitivity. proteins with a wide range of masses (13--33 kda) were found in the juices of 19 different varieties of grape (vitis vinifera) and were identified as mostly pr-5 type (thaumatin-like) and pr-3 type (chitinases) p ... | 2001 | 11308333 |
| analysis of proanthocyanidin cleavage products following acid-catalysis in the presence of excess phloroglucinol. | the analysis of proanthocyanidin cleavage products after acid-catalysis in the presence of excess phloroglucinol was investigated. in the developed analytical method, a solution of 0.1 n hcl in methanol, containing 50 g/l phloroglucinol and 10 g/l ascorbic acid was prepared. the proanthocyanidin of interest was reacted in this solution (5 g/l) at 50 degrees c for 20 min, and afterward combined with 5 volumes of 40 mm aqueous sodium acetate before analysis by reversed-phase hplc using an aqueous ... | 2001 | 11308320 |
| influence of uv-b irradiation on the carotenoid content of vitis vinifera tissues. | the carotenoid content was examined in leaf and berry tissues of grapevines (cv. cabernet sauvignon) grown either under ambient conditions or under a polyester film to reduce uv light by 98%. total carotenoids in leaves were less in vines grown under the uv screen. levels of beta-carotene decreased with berry development around veraison. this effect was more pronounced in vines grown under reduced uv light. the lutein content of berries appeared to remain relatively constant with berry developme ... | 2000 | 11171244 |
| two new stilbene dimer glucosides from grape (vitis vinifera) cell cultures. | two new stilbene dimer glucosides, resveratrol (e)-dehydrodimer 11-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (1) and resveratrol (e)-dehydrodimer 11'-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (2), were isolated together with the known resveratrol (e)-dehydrodimer (3) and pallidol (4) from vitis vinifera cell cultures. the structures and stereochemistry of the new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis. compounds 1 and 2 are dimers that belong to a new type of oligostilbene formed from a resveratrol ... | 2001 | 11170689 |
| quantitative analysis of polymeric procyanidins (tannins) from grape (vitis vinifera) seeds by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. | a reverse phase c(18) hplc method with potential for high automated throughput has been developed for the quantitative analysis of polymeric procyanidins (tannins) in grape seed extracts. chromatography gave rise to 13 distinct uv-absorbing peaks with good baseline separation. the uv-absorbing peak eluting last is distinct and therefore easily quantified. biochemical analyses including ultrafiltration, protein precipitation, and sephadex lh20 chromatography combined with electrospray mass spectr ... | 2001 | 11170555 |
| comparison of udp-glucose:flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferase (ufgt) gene sequences between white grapes (vitis vinifera) and their sports with red skin. | the expression of the udp-glucose:flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferase (ufgt) gene has been shown to be critical for anthocyanin biosynthesis in the grape berry. using white cultivars and bud sports with red skin, we examined the expression of seven anthocyanin biosynthetic genes including the ufgt gene and compared the coding/promoter sequences of the ufgt gene. northern blot analysis showed that the seven anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were expressed coordinately at higher levels in the red-skin ... | 2001 | 11166442 |
| effects of copper exposure upon nitrogen metabolism in tissue cultured vitis vinifera. | the present study analyses the effects of copper treatment on nitrogen metabolism in a closed system. sauvignon grapevines were cultured in agar and exposed to copper levels ranging from 0.07 (control) to 5 µg cu g(-1) medium. ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, individual and total amino acids and protein contents were determined in root, and leaves. enzyme activities of nitrate and nitrite reductases, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase were also determined. copper exp ... | 2000 | 11164588 |
| relation between fatty acid content and its evolution during fermentation and utilization of free amino acids in vacuum-filtered viura must. | the activity of proteins that transport amino acids changes depending on the unsaturated residue which is introduced into the phospholipids of saccharomycescerevisiae membrane. the aim of this study was to observe the influence of fatty acid content and its evolution during fermentation on the utilization of free amino acids in vitis vinifera var. viura must clarified by vacuum filtration. the results demonstrate that filtration of the must did not reduce the concentration of free amino acids, b ... | 1998 | 10554194 |
| glycosides and phenylpropanoid glycerol in vitis vinifera cv. gewurztraminer wine. | eight glycosides and a phenylpropanoid glycerol were isolated from vitis vinifera cv. gewurztraminer wine, and their structures were elucidated by ms and nmr spectroscopies. cis-1-(5-ethenyl-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1-methylethyl o-beta-d-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside, (e)-3,6, 9-trihydroxymegastigm-7-ene 9-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside, 2-phenylethyl o-beta-d-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside, and 2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]propane-1,3-diol are reporte ... | 2000 | 11141277 |
| toward the authentication of varietal wines by the analysis of grape (vitis vinifera l.) residual dna in must and wine using microsatellite markers. | in an attempt to develop a technique for the identification of grape cultivars in commercial wines, a method for the extraction of dna from must and experimental wines was adapted and optimal pcr conditions for the amplification of this dna were established. dna was analyzed during the fermentation process for six cultivars (chardonnay, clairette blanche, grenache noir, merlot, muscat blanc à petits grains, and syrah). the extractions were performed on solid parts in suspension as well as on the ... | 2000 | 11052774 |
| changes in grape seed polyphenols during fruit ripening. | the quantity and characterization of extracted flavan-3-ol monomers and procyanidins was determined in seeds from vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon berries, over the course of ripening and at different levels of vine water status. the per berry extractive yield of all polyphenols decreased with maturity, and followed second-order kinetics. the flavan-3-ol monomers decreased most rapidly, followed by the procyanidin extension units and finally, the terminal units. the relative proportion of p ... | 2000 | 11021647 |
| hormonal changes induced by partial rootzone drying of irrigated grapevine. | partial rootzone drying (prd) is a new irrigation technique which improves the water use efficiency (by up to 50%) of wine grape production without significant crop reduction. the technique was developed on the basis of knowledge of the mechanisms controlling transpiration and requires that approximately half of the root system is always maintained in a dry or drying state while the remainder of the root system is irrigated. the wetted and dried sides of the root system are alternated on a 10-14 ... | 2000 | 11006312 |
| measuring the aromatic potential of vitis vinifera l. cv. sauvignon blanc grapes by assaying s-cysteine conjugates, precursors of the volatile thiols responsible for their varietal aroma. | the method presented for measuring the aromatic potential of sauvignon blanc must is based on an assay of the s-cysteine conjugate precursors of three volatile thiols involved in the characteristic aroma of wines made from this grape variety: 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one, 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-ol, and 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol. these compounds were released enzymatically from their precursors by percolating the must through an immobilized tryptophanase column (ec 4.1.99.1), catalyzing an alp ... | 2000 | 10956121 |
| in-vitro selection of vitis vinifera 'chardonnay' with elsinoe ampelina culture filtrate is accompanied by fungal resistance and enhanced secretion of chitinase. | proembryogenic masses of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) 'chardonnay' (clone 02ch) were exposed to the culture filtrate of elsinoe ampelina (debary) shear, the causal agent of anthracnose disease. after four or five cycles of recurrent in-vitro selection with medium containing 40% fungal culture filtrate, putative resistant lines rc1 and rc2 respectively, were established. the selected lines inhibited the growth of e. ampelina and fusarium oxysporium (schlecht.) (isolated from watermelon) in a dua ... | 2000 | 10945214 |
| an immunohistochemical study of the compartmentation of metabolism during the development of grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries. | the compartmentation of key processes in sugar, organic acid and amino acid metabolism was studied during the development of the flesh and seeds of grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries. antibodies specific for enzymes involved in sugar (cell wall and vacuolar invertases, pyrophosphate: fructose 6-phosphate phosphotransferase, aldolase, nadp-glyceraldehyde-p dehydrogenase, cytosolic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase), photosynthesis (rubisco, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase), ... | 2000 | 10938859 |
| a powerful aromatic volatile thiol, 2-furanmethanethiol, exhibiting roast coffee aroma in wines made from several vitis vinifera grape varieties. | the chemical compound 2-furanmethanethiol (2fm), with a strong roast coffee aroma, has been identified in sweet white wines made from the petit manseng grape variety, and in certain red bordeaux wines (made from the merlot, cabernet franc, and cabernet sauvignon grape varieties). this was done by extracting specific volatile thiols using p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. the 2fm has also been found in toasted oak used in barrel-making. all the petit manseng sweet white wines and some of the red bordeaux ... | 2000 | 10820097 |
| thaumatin-like proteins and chitinases, the haze-forming proteins of wine, accumulate during ripening of grape (vitis vinifera) berries and drought stress does not affect the final levels per berry at maturity. | thaumatin-like proteins and chitinases, which are pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins, were the major soluble protein components of grapes from five cultivars of vitis vinifera. this dominance of pr proteins was apparent at berry softening (véraison) and then throughout berry development for the muscat of alexandria, sultana, and shiraz cultivars and in the berries of the sauvignon blanc and pinot noir cultivars examined at commercial maturity. the m(r) of the major thaumatin-like protein from mu ... | 2000 | 10820071 |
| cloning and characterization of vine-1, a ltr-retrotransposon-like element in vitis vinifera l., and other vitis species. | we report the organization of a grapevine chimeric gene adhr-vine-1, composed by an adhr gene, into which a retroelement, vine-1, was inserted. sequence analysis revealed that adhr is a member of the adh multigene family, but does not correspond to any other grapevine adh described to date. vine-1, albeit defective, is the most complete ltr (long terminal repeat)-retrotransposon-like element described in vitis vinifera l. it is 2392 bp long, with two almost identical ltrs (287 bp) in the same or ... | 2000 | 10791826 |
| effects of vine or bunch shading on the glycosylated flavor precursors in grapes of vitis vinifera l. cv. syrah. | effects of the modification of vine or bunch environment on glycoconjugates were studied in syrah berries over two years. vines were shaded from berry set to maturity, with black polyethylene nets of different mesh size to obtain 30 and 50% of the direct sunlight. bunches were naturally shaded by the leaves or artificially with 90% shade bags. sun-exposed berries were chosen as control berries. a quantitative decrease in levels of glycoconjugates was observed in shaded bunches, particularly for ... | 2000 | 10775388 |
| vitis vinifera must varietal authentication using microsatellite dna analysis (ssr). | a microsatellite dna-based method for vitis vinifera grape must authentication is presented. five of the most important port wine producing grape cultivars (tinta roriz, tinto cão, touriga francesa, touriga nacional, and tinta barroca) were typed at four microsatellite loci described by bowers et al. (genome 1996, 39, 628-633) and thomas and scott (theor. appl. genet. 1993, 86, 985-990). the corresponding 5 varietal musts and 26 must mixtures that result from the combination of the five varietie ... | 2000 | 10775355 |
| sugar sensing and ca2+-calmodulin requirement in vitis vinifera cells producing anthocyanins. | we have previously reported that sucrose modulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in cell suspension cultures of vitis vinifera l. the main role of sugar in this response does not seem to be that of general carbohydrate source for the supply of energy. in the present work, a number of pharmacological agents were used to further investigate the components of the signal transduction pathway involved in the induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis by sugar. we found that the phosphorylation of hexose by hex ... | 2000 | 10746878 |
| determination of tryptophan and tryptophan metabolites in grape must and wine. | tryptophan (trp) and its metabolites, especially indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), are considered as potential precursors of 2-aminoacetophenone (aap), an aroma compound which causes the "untypical aging off-flavor" (uta) in vitis vinifera white wines. in this study rp-hplc with fluorescence detection was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of trp and trp-metabolites in 39 grapes, 22 grape musts and 16 wines, to which different viticultural conditions (ripeness, pruning, strip of leaves ... | 1999 | 10721117 |
| differential screening indicates a dramatic change in mrna profiles during grape berry ripening. cloning and characterization of cdnas encoding putative cell wall and stress response proteins. | we used differential screening to isolate ripening-associated cdnas from a shiraz grape (vitis vinifera l.) berry cdna library. a rapid increase in the mrna levels of a number of cdnas not present in unripe fruit occurred in grape berries at the onset of ripening. the putative translation products of some of these clones had homologs in other species that are involved in cell wall structure. these included four proline-rich proteins, a small protein that is similar to the non-catalytic, n-termin ... | 2000 | 10712544 |
| occurrence of resveratrol and pterostilbene in age-old darakchasava, an ayurvedic medicine from india. | 'darakchasava' is a well known indian herbal preparation of which the main ingredient is vitis vinifera l. this 'ayurvedic' medicine is prescribed as a cardiotonic and also given for other disorders. hplc analysis of this age old formulation revealed the presence of polyphenols like resveratrol and pterostilbene. these phenolic compounds are now known as antioxidants, cancer chemopreventive agents, and also known to reduce mortality from coronary heart disease by increasing high density lipoprot ... | 1999 | 10624864 |
| [leukocyanidines and collagenases: in vitro enzyme inhibition activity]. | the matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) play a key role in the extracellular matrix turnover. this protein family has been involved in some ocular pathologies such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, vitreous degeneration and corneal stroma ulceration cleaving all the matrix components. in the present study we evaluated the action of leucocyanidin from vitis vinifera seeds as non toxic inhibitor of these proteinases. | 2014 | 10605164 |
| effect of pesticide residues on the aromatic composition of red wines. | the influence of pesticide residues on the aromatic composition (major and minor volatiles) of red wines made from vitis vinifera (monastrell var.) was studied by comparing the concentration of aromas in wines made from grapes subjected (or not) to phytosanitary treatment with chlorpyrifos, fenarimol, mancozeb, metalaxyl, penconazole, and vinclozolin, according to the agricultural practice of the area. the analytical determination of the major volatiles was made by gas chromatography using a fla ... | 1999 | 10552572 |
| regional origin assignment of red wines from valencia (spain) by (2)h nmr and (13)c irms stable isotope analysis of fermentative ethanol. | the use of the stable hydrogen and carbon isotope ratios of fermentative ethanol as suitable environmental fingerprints for the regional origin identification of red wines from valencia (spain) has been explored. monovarietal vitis vinifera l. cvs. bobal, tempranillo, and monastrell wines have been investigated by (2)h nmr and (13)c irms for the natural ranges of site-specific (2)h/(1)h ratios and global delta(13)c values of ethanol over three vintage years. statistically significant interregion ... | 1999 | 10552539 |
| effects of copper exposure in tissue cultured vitis vinifera. | the present study determined the effects of copper treatment on some biochemical parameters in a closed system. sauvignon grapevines were cultured in agar and exposed to copper levels ranging from 0.07 to 10 microg cu/g medium. chlorophylls, carotenoids, lipids, sucrose, soluble sugars, starch, cellulose, and minerals in root, leaves, and sap were determined. copper levels over 5 microg cu/g inhibit root and plantlet development. copper-exposed plants have higher levels of chlorophylls and carot ... | 1999 | 10552520 |
| phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase plays a role in interactions of carbon and nitrogen metabolism during grape seed development | phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) was shown to be present in a range of developing seeds by measurement of its activity and by immunoblotting. its function was investigated during grape (vitis vinifera l.) seed development. the maximum abundance of pepck coincided with the deposition of storage reserves. at this stage of development, immunohistochemistry showed that pepck was very abundant in a layer of cells located at the boundary of developing storage tissues and in the chalaza (close ... | 1999 | 10592027 |
| changes in the phytoalexin content of various vitis spp. in response to ultraviolet c elicitation. | the phytoalexin production potential of three american vitis species and that of three cultivars of vitis vinifera were evaluated in response to uv-c irradiation. time course changes in resveratrol, piceid, epsilon-viniferin, and pterostilbene contents were studied within 3 days after a short uv-c irradiation. results show that the two major stilbenes accumulated as a response to uv-c elicitation are resveratrol and epsilon-viniferin, a resveratrol dehydrodimer, the concentration of both compoun ... | 1999 | 10552833 |
| assessment of the native electrophoretic analysis of total grape must proteins for the characterization of vitis vinifera l. cultivars. | the findings of an ampelographic analysis of vines belonging to a germoplasm bank were compared to the results of native electrophoresis of the total proteins in their musts. cluster analysis of the data from the morphological description produced correct groupings, in terms of variety, for all samples. when cluster analysis was performed on the electrophoretic data, 10 of the 11 musts studied were grouped correctly. electrophoresis was also performed on 30 musts made from a mixture of grapes fr ... | 1999 | 10563858 |
| analysis of the relative increase in photosynthetic o(2) uptake when photosynthesis in grapevine leaves is inhibited following low night temperatures and/or water stress | we found similarities between the effects of low night temperatures (5 degrees c-10 degrees c) and slowly imposed water stress on photosynthesis in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) leaves. exposure of plants growing outdoors to successive chilling nights caused light- and co(2)-saturated photosynthetic o(2) evolution to decline to zero within 5 d. plants recovered after four warm nights. these photosynthetic responses were confirmed in potted plants, even when roots were heated. the inhibitory effe ... | 1999 | 10517860 |
| historical genetics: the parentage of chardonnay, gamay, and other wine grapes of northeastern france. | the origins of the classic european wine grapes (vitis vinifera) have been the subject of much speculation. in a search for parental relationships, microsatellite loci were analyzed in more than 300 grape cultivars. sixteen wine grapes that have long been grown in northeastern france, including 'chardonnay', 'gamay noir', 'aligoté', and 'melon', have microsatellite genotypes consistent with their being the progeny of a single pair of parents, 'pinot' and 'gouais blanc', both of which were widesp ... | 1999 | 10477519 |
| technical advance: confocal measurement of the three-dimensional size and shape of plant parenchyma cells in a developing fruit tissue. | parenchyma cells from the inner mesocarp of a grape berry (vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay) were visualised in three-dimensions within a whole mount of cleared, stained tissue using confocal laser scanning microscopy and digital image reconstruction. the whole berry was fixed, bisected longitudinally, cleared in methyl salicylate, stained with safranin o and mounted in methyl salicylate. optical slices were collected at 1.0 µm intervals to a depth of 150 µm. neighbouring z-series were joined po ... | 1999 | 10476070 |
| cloning and expression of a hexose transporter gene expressed during the ripening of grape berry. | the ripening of grape (vitis vinifera l.) is characterized by massive sugar import into the berries. the events triggering this process and the pathways of assimilate transport are still poorly known. a genomic clone vvht1 (vitis vinifera hexose transporter1) and the corresponding cdna encoding a hexose transporter whose expression is induced during berry ripening have been isolated. vvht1 is expressed mainly in the berries, with a first peak of expression at anthesis, and a second peak about 5 ... | 1999 | 10444092 |
| adult onset grape hypersensitivity causing life threatening anaphylaxis. | adverse reactions to foods are encountered much less frequently in adults than in the children. adult onset hypersensitivity to grapes has not been previously reported. | 1999 | 10437812 |
| cloning and expression of an arginine decarboxylase cdna from vitis vinifera l. cell-suspension cultures. | arginine decarboxylase (adc; ec 4.1.1.19) is a key enzyme in one of the two pathways to putrescine. we present the first adc cdna from a woody perennial plant species, the grapevine (vitis vinifera l.), which exhibits 70-80% homology with other dicot adcs. the effects of ammonium, nitrate, and putrescine on adc specific activity, soluble polyamine levels, adc-mrna, endogeneous arginine and ornithine, and arginase specific activity were investigated in suspension cultures of grapevine cells. the ... | 1999 | 10420650 |
| proline accumulation in developing grapevine fruit occurs independently of changes in the levels of delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase mrna or protein. | mature fruit of grapevine (vitis vinifera) contains unusually high levels of free proline (pro; up to 24 micromol or 2.8 mg/g fresh weight). pro accumulation does not occur uniformly throughout berry development but only during the last 4 to 6 weeks of ripening when both berry growth and net protein accumulation have ceased. in contrast, the steady-state levels of both the mrna encoding v. vinifera delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (vvp5cs), a key regulatory enzyme in pro biosynthesis, a ... | 1999 | 10398729 |
| production of 13c-labelled anthocyanins by vitis vinifera cell suspension cultures. | the use of plant cell cultures for producing isotopically (13c) labelled phenolic substances is reported. vitis vinifera cells synthesize high levels of anthocyanins when they are cultured in a polyphenol synthesis-inducing medium. three major anthocyanin monoglucosides found in red wine were identified in grape cells: cyanidin-3-o-beta-glucoside, peonidin-3-o-beta-glucoside, and malvidin-3-o-beta-glucoside. kinetic study of the intracellular level of phenylalanine and its metabolites showed tha ... | 1999 | 10392469 |
| [clinical and capillaroscopic evaluation of chronic uncomplicated venous insufficiency with procyanidins extracted from vitis vinifera]. | the pharmacological treatment of non-complicated chronic venous insufficiency is a current and well-debated topic. the introduction of new products with action on the venous system, improved knowledge on the physiopathology of venous insufficiency and the possibility provided by new analytical instruments, have given new impulse to the consolidation of the clinical value of phlebotonics in this indication. | 2013 | 10356940 |
| rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma caused by vine pollen: a case report. | the vine (vitis vinifera) is a cultivated plant that is found in some european and american countries. its pollen gathers in small quantities during a short pollination period in the months of may and june. allergy to vine pollen has not been previously documented. | 1999 | 9949317 |
| red-wine polyphenols and inhibition of platelet aggregation: possible mechanisms, and potential use in health promotion and disease prevention. | an extract from red-wine grape fermentation, anox has been developed as a source of red-wine polyphenols, which are thought to inhibit several of the pathogenic pathways that lead to cardiovascular disease. new data indicate that this extract has a significantly greater effect than either red wine or red-wine powder on the inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro. based on this data, about 300 - 500 mg of the extract is equivalent to the daily dose of red-wine polyphenols that appears to prot ... | 2017 | 9818783 |
| changes in cell wall composition during ripening of grape berries | cell walls were isolated from the mesocarp of grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries at developmental stages from before veraison through to the final ripe berry. fluorescence and light microscopy of intact berries revealed no measurable change in cell wall thickness as the mesocarp cells expanded in the ripening fruit. isolated walls were analyzed for their protein contents and amino acid compositions, and for changes in the composition and solubility of constituent polysaccharides during developmen ... | 1998 | 9808722 |
| structure of a hemicellulose b fraction in dietary fiber from the seed of grape variety palomino (vitis vinifera cv. palomino). | the structure of one of the hemicellulose b fractions (hb-1) extracted from the seeds of the grape variety palomino (vitis vinifera cv. palomino) has been studied by means of methylation analysis, 1h nmr, 13c nmr, and partial acid hydrolysis. this hemicellulose seems to be a homogeneous polysaccharide with an apparent molecular weight of 35 000. its structure is that of an acidic arabinoxylan, a linear chain of beta-d-xylopyranosyl units, bonded together by (1-->4) glycosidic links, containing a ... | 1998 | 9677268 |
| structure of a hemicellulose a fraction in dietary fiber from the seed of grape variety palomino (vitis vinifera cv. palomino). | the structure of one of the hemicellulose a fractions (ha-1) extracted from the seeds of the grape variety palomino (vitis vinifera cv. palomino) has been studied by means of methylation, 1h nmr, 13c nmr, and partial hydrolysis. this hemicellulose seems to be a homogeneous polysaccharide with an apparent molecular weight of 68 500. its structure is that of an acidic xylan, a linear chain of beta-d-xylopyranosyl units, bonded together by (1-->4) glycosidic links, containing single alpha-d-xylopyr ... | 1998 | 9677267 |
| cloning and characterization of vitis vinifera udp-glucose:flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferase, a homologue of the enzyme encoded by the maize bronze-1 locus that may primarily serve to glucosylate anthocyanidins in vivo. | we report here the cloning and optimized expression at 16 degrees c and the characterization of a vitis vinifera udp-glucose:flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferase, an enzyme responsible for a late step in grapevine anthocyanin biosynthesis. the properties of this and other udp-glucose:flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferases, homologues of the product encoded by the maize bronze-1 locus, are a matter of conjecture. the availability of a purified recombinant enzyme allowed for the unambiguous determination ... | 1998 | 9535914 |
| a class iv chitinase is highly expressed in grape berries during ripening. | chitinase activity increased markedly at the onset of ripening in grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries and continued to increase throughout the sugar accumulation phase of berry development. in contrast, beta-1,3-glucanase activity was not detected in grape berries at any stage of development. two closely related chitinase cdnas (vvchi4a and vvchi4b) were cloned from grapes. sequence and southern analysis indicate that these two clones may represent alleles of the same gene. the predicted proteins ... | 1997 | 9232868 |
| antioxidant activity of the stilbene astringin, newly extracted from vitis vinifera cell cultures. | | 1997 | 9191572 |
| co2 and water vapor exchange across leaf cuticle (epidermis) at various water potentials. | cuticular properties affect the gas exchange of leaves, but little is known about how much co2 and water vapor cross the cuticular barrier or whether low water potentials affect the process. therefore, we measured the cuticular conductances for co2 and water vapor in grape (vitis vinifera l.) leaves having various water potentials. the lower leaf surface was sealed to force all gas exchange through the upper surface, which was stoma-free. in this condition both gases passed through the cuticle, ... | 1997 | 12223698 |
| nucleotide sequence of grapevine (vitis vinifera) cdna similar to snap proteins. | a cdna clone (vs1) homologous to snap proteins was isolated from a grapevine cdna library. the cdna insert was 1167 bp long and contained a single open reading frame coding for 289 amino acids. the amino acid sequence of vs1 shows similarity (35%-45%) to snap proteins from various sources. | 1997 | 9522131 |