| simulated digestion of vitis vinifera seed powder: polyphenolic content and antioxidant properties. | there is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species arising from several enzymatic reactions are mediators of inflammatory events. plant preparations have the potential for scavenging such reactive oxygen species. flavans and procyanidins are bioavailable and stable during the process of cooking. this study used conditions that mimicked digestion of vitis vinifera seed powder in the stomach (acidic preparation) and small intestine (neutral preparation). the flavonoids of these two preparat ... | 2006 | 16787037 |
| time course of the evolution of malic and lactic acids in the alcoholic and malolactic fermentation of grape must by quantitative 1h nmr (qhnmr) spectroscopy. | quantitative nmr can be used to monitor several processes that take place in the transformation of the must of wine grapes. the study described here focused attention on monitoring of the malic and lactic acid levels during the alcoholic and malolactic fermentation processes. the method allows the simultaneous quantification of both acids through a range of 1-3.2 mmol/l. the effectiveness of each process was assessed and compared by carrying out precise analyses using enzymatic methods. | 2006 | 16787019 |
| pathways of glucose regulation of monosaccharide transport in grape cells. | grape (vitis vinifera) heterotrophic suspension-cultured cells were used as a model system to study glucose (glc) transport and its regulation. cells transported d-[14c]glc according to simple michaelis-menten kinetics superimposed on first-order kinetics. the saturating component is a high-affinity, broad-specificity h+ -dependent transport system (km = 0.05 mm). glc concentration in the medium tightly regulated the transcription of vvht1 (vitis vinifera hexose transporter 1), a monosaccharide ... | 2006 | 16766675 |
| the contribution of extensin network formation to rapid, hydrogen peroxide-mediated increases in grapevine callus wall resistance to fungal lytic enzymes. | grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. touriga) callus cell walls contain a high level of the monomeric extensin, gvp1. hydrogen peroxide stimulus of these cultures causes the rapid loss of monomeric gvp1, concomitant with marked increases in insoluble gvp1 amino acids and wall resistance to digestion by fungal lytic enzymes. jim11 immunolocalization studies indicated that monomeric and network gvp1 were evenly distributed in the callus cell wall. these primary cell walls were used to investigate the spe ... | 2006 | 16720614 |
| the photoprotective role of epidermal anthocyanins and surface pubescence in young leaves of grapevine (vitis vinifera). | depending on cultivar, surfaces of young leaves of vitis vinifera may be glabrous-green ('soultanina') or transiently have anthocyanins ('siriki') or pubescence ('athiri'). a test is made of the hypothesis that anthocyanins and pubescence act as light screens affording a photoprotective advantage to the corresponding leaves, and an assessment is made of the magnitude of their effect. | 2006 | 16704996 |
| branch development controls leaf area dynamics in grapevine (vitis vinifera) growing in drying soil. | soil water deficit is a major abiotic stress with severe consequences for the development, productivity and quality of crops. however, it is considered a positive factor in grapevine management (vitis vinifera), as it has been shown to increase grape quality. the effects of soil water deficit on organogenesis, morphogenesis and gas exchange in the shoot were investigated. | 2006 | 16679414 |
| metabolic changes of malvasia grapes for wine production during postharvest drying. | malvasia (vitis vinifera l.) grapes were harvested at 17.8% of soluble solids content (ssc) and placed inside an innovative dehydration room where temperature, relative humidity, and air flow were maintained, respectively, at 15 degrees c, 40%, and 1-1.5 m s(-1). weight loss of bunches reached approximately 33% in 29 days. ssc increased inversely proportionally with the weight decrease, reaching at the end of experiment 23%. abscisic acid (aba) increased rapidly from around 29 to 80 microg g(-1) ... | 2006 | 16637693 |
| rapid tool for distinction of wines based on the global volatile signature. | this work describes a novel methodology for the rapid distinction of wines by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, followed by principal component analysis of the data (hs-spme-gc-ms-pca). headspace spme is used to extract and concentrate the volatile and semi-volatile fractions. a db-ffap fused silica gc capillary column of 30 m at 220 degrees c was used acting as a transfer line of the components sorbed by the carbowax-divinylbenzene coating fi ... | 2006 | 16620852 |
| nuclear dna content of vitis vinifera cultivars and ploidy level analyses of somatic embryo-derived plants obtained from anther culture. | flow cytometry was employed to determine the ploidy level of vitis vinifera l. somatic embryo-derived plants obtained from anther culture. only one among the 41 analysed plants (2.4%) presented somaclonal variation (tetraploidy); the other plants were diploid. no significant differences (p<or=0.05) were detected between diploid and parental field plants. no haploid or aneuploid plants were observed. the nuclear dna content of nine v. vinifera cultivars was also estimated using flow cytometry. a ... | 2006 | 16614867 |
| quality assessment of commercial dietary antioxidant products from vitis vinifera l. grape seeds. | phenolic preparations from vitis vinifera l. grape seeds are products commonly used in the formulation of dietary antioxidant supplements. in this article, we used a methodology (the oxygen radical absorbance capacity, orac) to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity of commercial dietary grape seed products and studied the relationship of the antioxidant capacity with the phenolic composition of these products. the orac value of the different brands of commercial products studied (n = 16) va ... | 2005 | 16573385 |
| organ-specific transcription of putative flavonol synthase genes of grapevine and effects of plant hormones and shading on flavonol biosynthesis in grape berry skins. | in order to investigate the control mechanism of flavonol biosynthesis of grapevine, we obtained five genomic sequences (fls1 to fls5) of putative flavonol synthase genes from vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon. the mrna of five flss accumulated in flower buds and flowers, while the mrna of fls2, fls4, and fls5 accumulated in small berry skins and then decreased toward veraison. at the ripening stage, the mrna of only fls4 and fls5 accumulated again. this change in mrna accumulation did not c ... | 2006 | 16556978 |
| biolistic transformation of grapevine using minimal gene cassette technology. | the use of minimal gene cassettes (mcs), which are linear dna fragments (promoter+open reading frame+terminator) lacking the vector backbone sequence, was compared to the traditional use of whole circular plasmids (cps) for transformation of grapevine. embryogenic cell suspensions of 'chardonnay' (vitis vinifera l.) were transformed via particle co-bombardment using two nonlinked genes in either mcs or cps. one construct contained the npt-ii selectable marker and the second construct contained t ... | 2006 | 16528564 |
| the molecular basis for wine grape quality--a volatile subject. | volatile organic compounds are important flavor components of finished wines. in addition to winemaking practices, which shape wine quality, cultivation of the grape berries in the vineyard each season affects the production of volatile organic compounds as well as other chemical components that ultimately contribute to our perception of flavor in finished wines. by studying how berry flavor components are determined by the interplay of vine genotypes, the environment, and cultivation practices ... | 2006 | 16469915 |
| colour variation in red grapevines (vitis vinifera l.): genomic organisation, expression of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase genes and related metabolite profiling of red cyanidin-/blue delphinidin-based anthocyanins in berry skin. | structural genes of the phenyl-propanoid pathway which encode flavonoid 3'- and 3',5'-hydroxylases (f3'h and f3'5'h) have long been invoked to explain the biosynthesis of cyanidin- and delphinidin-based anthocyanin pigments in the so-called red cultivars of grapevine. the relative proportion of the two types of anthocyanins is largely under genetic control and determines the colour variation among red/purple/blue berry grape varieties and their corresponding wines. | 2006 | 16433923 |
| commercial dietary ingredients from vitis vinifera l. leaves and grape skins: antioxidant and chemical characterization. | this paper reports an attempt to functionally and chemically characterize commercial ingredients from vitis vinifera l. grape skins, grape pomace, and leaves, which are used in the formulation of dietary antioxidant supplements. the antioxidant capacity of these ingredients was assessed for the first time by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) methodology. ingredients from grape skins and pomace (n = 17) showed orac values from 1.38 to 21.4 mumol trolox equivalents/mg whereas ingredien ... | 2006 | 16417286 |
| noninvasive evaluation of the degree of ripeness in grape berries (vitis vinifera l. cv. bacchus and silvaner) by chlorophyll fluorescence. | the use of chlorophyll fluorescence measurements to noninvasively evaluate degrees of ripeness was investigated in berries at various stages of ripening from two white grapevine cultivars (vitis vinifera l. cv. bacchus and silvaner). berries were characterized by diameter, weight, and density and by concentrations of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and total sugars, as well as fructose/glucose ratios, and also by chlorophyll fluorescence at f(0) and f(m) levels and the fluorescence ratio f(v)/f(m). ... | 2006 | 16417283 |
| linkage disequilibrium in cultivated grapevine, vitis vinifera l. | we present here the first study of linkage disequilibrium (ld) in cultivated grapevine, vitis vinifera l. subsp. vinifera (sativa), an outcrossing highly heterozygous perennial species. our goal was to characterize the amount and pattern of ld at the scale of a few centimorgans (cm) between 38 microsatellite loci located on five linkage groups, in order to assess its origin and potential applications. we used a core collection of 141 cultivars representing the diversity of the cultivated compart ... | 2006 | 16402190 |
| changes and subcellular localizations of the enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism during grape berry development. | the phenylpropanoid pathway yields a variety of phenolics that are closely associated with fruit qualities in addition to structural and defense-related functions. however, very little has been reported concerning its metabolism in fruit. this experiment was designed to assess changes of eleven phenolic acids in grape berry (vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon) and explore both the activities and amounts of three key enzymes--phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (c4h) ... | 2006 | 16399002 |
| screening for anthocyanins using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with precursor-ion analysis, product-ion analysis, common-neutral-loss analysis, and selected reaction monitoring. | a systematic method for anthocyanin identification using tandems mass spectrometry (ms/ms) coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with photo-diode array detection (pda) was developed. scan for the precursor ions of commonly found anthocyanidins (cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, petunidin, and peonidin) using lc/ms/ms on a triple quadrupole instrument allows for the specific determination of each category of anthocyanins. further characterization of each anthocyani ... | 2005 | 16395794 |
| a novel method for quantification of 2-methyl-3-furanthiol and 2-furanmethanethiol in wines made from vitis vinifera grape varieties. | a rapid, easy method has been developed for isolating and quantifying 2-methyl-3-furanthiol (2m3f) in wines. until now, it was not possible to quantify this highly odoriferous compound, with a smell reminiscent of cooked meat, in wine. the original aspect of this method is the specific release of volatile thiols using a cysteamine solution applied in reverse flow to sample percolation on the basis of a p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (phmb)-volatile thiol conjugate formed by the direct addition of phmb ... | 2006 | 16390173 |
| the grapevine fleshless berry mutation. a unique genotype to investigate differences between fleshy and nonfleshy fruit. | in flowering plants, fruit morphogenesis is a distinct process following fertilization resulting in the formation of a specialized organ associated with seeds. despite large variations in types and shapes among species, fleshy fruits share common characteristics to promote seed dispersal by animals such as organ growth and metabolite accumulation to attract animal feeding. the molecular biology of fruit ripening has received considerable attention, but little is known about the determinism of ea ... | 2006 | 16384896 |
| identification of the flavonoid hydroxylases from grapevine and their regulation during fruit development. | flavonoids are important secondary metabolites in many fruits, and their hydroxylation pattern determines their color, stability, and antioxidant capacity. hydroxylation of the b-ring of flavonoids is catalyzed by flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (f3'h) and flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (f3'5'h), and may also require cytochrome b5. we report the identification of genes encoding f3'h, f3'5'h, and a putative cytochrome b5 from grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv shiraz) and their transcriptional regulation in f ... | 2006 | 16377741 |
| carotenoid, chlorophyll, and chlorophyll-derived compounds in grapes and port wines. | carotenoids and chlorophyll-derived compounds in grapes and port wines were investigated by hplc-dad and hplc-dad-ms (esp+) analysis. a total of 13 carotenoid and chlorophyll-derived compounds are formally reported in grapes, 3 are identified for the first time, pheophytins a and b and (13z)-beta-carotene, and 3 others remain unknown. in port wines 19 compounds with carotenoid or chlorophyll-like structures are present, 8 still unidentified. the young wines showed higher total carotenoid content ... | 2005 | 16366691 |
| supercritical fluid extraction and hplc determination of relevant polyphenolic compounds in grape skin. | the polyphenols determined are: (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, rutin, quercetin and trans-resveratrol. suitable conditions of supercritical fluid extraction were established using ethanol as a modifier of the polarity solvent (supercritical carbon dioxide). final extraction conditions were: 20% v/v ethanol, 60degreesc, 250 bars and flow rate 2 ml/min. static step time and dynamic step time were established using a selected grape skin sample. the extract was collected in water; the more polar pol ... | 2005 | 16318198 |
| action of uv and visible radiation on chlorophyll fluorescence from dark-adapted grape leaves (vitis vinifera l.). | grapevine plants (vitis vinifera l. cv. silvaner) were cultivated under shaded conditions in the absence of uv radiation in a greenhouse, and subsequently placed outdoors under filters transmitting natural radiation, or screening out the uv-b (280 to 315 nm), or screening out the uv-a (315 to 400 nm) and the uv-b spectral range. all conditions decreased maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (f(m)) and increased minimum chlorophyll fluorescence (f(0)) from dark-adapted leaves; however, with increasing ... | 2003 | 16245091 |
| enhanced anthocyanin production from grape callus in an air-lift type bioreactor using a viscous additive-supplemented medium. | an n-medium containing carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc) was applied to an air-lift type bioreactor culture of grape (vitis vinifera cv. bailey alicant a.) callus, and anthocyanin production was investigated. grape callus grew well at an air flow rate of 80 ml/min and anthocyanin production was significantly increased in the n-medium, reaching 17 mg/l after 7 d of culture. the anthocyanin content of the n-medium was about two times higher than that of the conventional medium without cmc. the effect ... | 2002 | 16233283 |
| characterizing the grape transcriptome. analysis of expressed sequence tags from multiple vitis species and development of a compendium of gene expression during berry development. | we report the analysis and annotation of 146,075 expressed sequence tags from vitis species. the majority of these sequences were derived from different cultivars of vitis vinifera, comprising an estimated 25,746 unique contig and singleton sequences that survey transcription in various tissues and developmental stages and during biotic and abiotic stress. putatively homologous proteins were identified for over 17,752 of the transcripts, with 1,962 transcripts further subdivided into one or more ... | 2005 | 16219919 |
| proteomic analysis of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) tissues subjected to herbicide stress. | two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry analysis was used to examine for the first time the effect of a herbicide (flumioxazin) on a crop species (vitis vinifera l.) at the proteome level. examination of 2-d maps derived from chemically stressed tissues revealed the presence of 33 spots displaying a differential expression pattern. the presence of stress responsive proteins in the different plant organs analysed suggests that flumioxazin could act systemically. among the ... | 2005 | 16216849 |
| functional xylem in the post-veraison grape berry. | a number of studies have shown a transition from a primarily xylem to a primarily phloem flow of water as fleshy fruits develop, and the current hypothesis to explain this transition, particularly in grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries, is that the vascular tissue (tracheids) become non-functional as a result of post-veraison berry growth. in most studies, pedicels have been dipped in a vial containing an apoplastic dye, which was taken up into the entire peripheral and axial xylem vasculature of ... | 2005 | 16207748 |
| new stilbenoid glucosides isolated from vitis vinifera cell suspension cultures (cv. cabernet sauvignon). | three new monomeric stilbenoid glucosides, (z)- and (e)-resveratrol 3,5- o-beta-diglucosides (1 and 2, respectively) and (z)-resveratrol 3,5,4'- o-beta-triglucoside (3), were isolated from an extract of vitis vinifera cell cultures (cabernet sauvignon) together with the known (e)- and (z)-piceids and (e)- and (z)-resveratrol 3,4'- o-beta-diglucosides that have already been identified in a gamay cell culture extract. the structure determinations were based on spectroscopic data analysis. | 2005 | 16206048 |
| genetic chimerism of vitis vinifera cv. chardonnay 96 is maintained through organogenesis but not somatic embryogenesis. | grapevine can be a periclinal chimera plant which is composed at least of two distinct cell layers (l1, l2). when the cell layers of this plant are separated by passage through somatic embryogenesis, regenerated plants could show distinct dna profiles and a novel phenotype which proved different from that of the parent plant. | 2005 | 16194273 |
| proanthocyanidin synthesis and expression of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase and anthocyanidin reductase in developing grape berries and grapevine leaves. | proanthocyanidins (pas), also called condensed tannins, can protect plants against herbivores and are important quality components of many fruits. two enzymes, leucoanthocyanidin reductase (lar) and anthocyanidin reductase (anr), can produce the flavan-3-ol monomers required for formation of pa polymers. we isolated and functionally characterized genes encoding both enzymes from grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv shiraz). anr was encoded by a single gene, but we found two highly related genes encod ... | 2005 | 16169968 |
| tissue specific protochlorophyll(ide) forms in dark-forced shoots of grapevine (vitis viniferal.). | cuttings of grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay) were dark-forced at least three weeks. pigment contents, 77 k fluorescence emission, excitation spectra of the leaves, petioles, stems, transmission electron micrographs of the etioplasts from leaves, the chlorenchyma tissues of the stems were analysed. the dark-grown leaves, stems contained 8 to 10, 3 to 5 mug/g fresh weight protochlorophyllide, its esters, respectively. hplc analysis showed that the molar ratio of the unesterified, ester ... | 2004 | 16151870 |
| genomic analysis of grapevine retrotransposon 1 (gret 1) in vitis vinifera. | the complete sequence of the first retrotransposon isolated in vitis vinifera, gret 1, was used to design primers that permitted its analysis in the genome of grapevine cultivars. this retroelement was found to be dispersed throughout the genome with sites of repeated insertions. fluorescent in situ hybridization indicated multiple gret 1 loci distributed throughout euchromatic portions of chromosomes. remap and irap proved to be useful as molecular markers in grapevine. both of these techniques ... | 2005 | 16025304 |
| influence of vine vigor on grape (vitis vinifera l. cv. pinot noir) and wine proanthocyanidins. | the relationships between variations in grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv. pinot noir) growth and resulting fruit and wine phenolic composition were investigated. the study was conducted in a commercial vineyard consisting of the same clone, rootstock, age, and vineyard management practices. the experimental design involved monitoring soil, vine growth, yield components, and fruit composition (soluble solids, flavan-3-ol monomers, proanthocyanidins, and pigmented polymers) on a georeferenced grid ... | 2005 | 15998151 |
| qtl analysis for fruit yield components in table grapes (vitis vinifera). | a segregation population of 184 genotypes derived from a pseudo-testcross of table grapes (vitis vinifera), together with 203 aflp and 110 ssr markers was used to detect quantitative trait loci (qtls) for fruit yield components. diffferent qtls, a low percentage of phenotypic variance explained by the qtls detected and qtl instability over years were detected for each fruit yield component. these results confirm the complex genetic architecture of the yield components in grapevine due to the per ... | 2005 | 15995866 |
| transient effect of the herbicide flazasulfuron on carbohydrate physiology in vitis vinifera l. | in the champagne vineyard, most of the areas treated in early 2000 with the newly approved herbicide flazasulfuron had vines with altered growth and yellow leaves throughout the growing season. in order to clarify the physiological perturbations caused on the non-target grapevine and their potential consequences, c nutrition of grape plants grown in vineyards treated or not with flazasulfuron in 2000 was characterized during the following season. vines from treated areas exhibited yellow leaves ... | 2006 | 15987652 |
| monitoring the stability of rubisco in micropropagated grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) by two-dimensional electrophoresis. | plants cultured in vitro suffer from several physiological and biochemical impairments due to the artificial conditions of growth, namely the composition of the heterotrophic media. upon transfer to ex vitro, the higher irradiances, compared to in vitro, can lead to oxidative stress symptoms, which can be counteracted by co2 concentrations above atmospheric levels. here we analyse the stability of rubisco in in vitro grapevine plantlets, and after transfer to ex vitro under four acclimatization ... | 2005 | 15900878 |
| influence of ethanol concentration on the extraction of color and phenolic compounds from the skin and seeds of tempranillo grapes at different stages of ripening. | the aim of this paper is to study how grape ripeness and ethanol concentration affect the extraction of color and phenolic compounds from skins and seeds during the maceration/fermentation process. simulated maceration assays were carried out with the grapes at three stages of berry development (vitis vinifera cv. tempranillo) and different percentages of ethanol in the maceration media. both ripeness and ethanol content have a considerable effect on the extraction of color and phenolic compound ... | 2005 | 15884833 |
| jasmonates and na-orthovanadate promote resveratrol production in vitis vinifera cv. barbera cell cultures. | here the effect of jasmonic acid, methyljasmonate and na-orthovanadate on the production of resveratrol was studied in vitis vinifera cv. barbera cell suspension cultures. na-orthovanadate at 0.1 mm and 1 mm concentration was efficient in promoting the production and/or accumulation and release in the culture medium of cis-resveratrol while trans-resveratrol levels were not affected by this treatment. methyljasmonate was highly effective in stimulating both trans- and cis-resveratrol endogenous ... | 2005 | 15869650 |
| comparative analysis of expressed sequence tags from different organs of vitis vinifera l. | expressed sequence tags (ests) are providing a valuable approach to sampling organism-expressed genomes, especially when studying large genomes such as those of many plants. we report on the comparison of 8,647 ests generated from six different grape (vitis vinifera l.) organs: berry, root, leaf, bud, shoot and inflorescence. clustering and assembly of these ests resulted in 4,203 unique sequences and revealed that at this level of est sampling, each organ shares a low percentage of transcripts ... | 2005 | 15856347 |
| antennal and behavioral responses of grapevine moth lobesia botrana females to volatiles from grapevine. | grapevine moth lobesia botrana is the economically most important insect of grapevine vitis vinifera in europe. flower buds, flowers, and green berries of chardonnay grapevine are known to attract l. botrana for oviposition. the volatile compounds collected from these phenological stages were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the antennal response of l. botrana females to these headspace collections was recorded by gas chromatography-electroantennography. the compounds found i ... | 2005 | 15839481 |
| construction and characterization of bac libraries from major grapevine cultivars. | genome projects were initiated on grapevine (vitis vinifera l., 2n=38, genome size 475 mb) through the successful construction of four bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) libraries from three major cultivars, cabernet sauvignon (cabernet s), syrah and two different clones of pinot noir (pinot n). depending on the library, the genome coverage represented 4.5-14.8 genome equivalents with clones having a mean insert size of 93-158 kb. bac pools suitable for pcr screening were constructed for two ... | 2005 | 15834699 |
| induction of de novo volatile terpene biosynthesis via cytosolic and plastidial pathways by methyl jasmonate in foliage of vitis vinifera l. | the terpene biosynthesis in leaves of vitis vinifera l. cv. morio muskat was studied using methyl jasmonate to induce defensive responses in vivo. the experiments demonstrated the strong activation of the de novo biosynthesis of terpenoids via the octadecanoid-signaling cascade and release of the compounds to the gas phase. feeding experiments with [5,5-(2)h(2)]-1-deoxy-d-xylulose and [5,5-(2)h(2)]mevalonic acid lactone allowed the investigation of the dynamic allocation of resources via the mev ... | 2005 | 15796607 |
| highly chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to the corresponding hydroxylamines catalysed by plant cells from a grape (vitis vinifera l.). | cells from a grape (vitis vinifera l.) reduce aromatic nitro compounds under mild conditions to the corresponding hydroxylamines with unprecedented chemoselectivity. | 2005 | 15795781 |
| the role of soil chemistry in wine grape quality and sustainable soil management in vineyards. | abstract this study aimed to establish if there is any evidence that soil mineralogical and/or chemical composition influence the composition and quality of wine grapes. in the initial phase of the study, soils and grapes were sampled in two riesling vineyards in south australia. soils were analysed for a wide range of total major and trace elements; soil cation extracts and grape juices were analysed for 27 trace elements by icp-ms and icp-aes. the results show that grape juice properties such ... | 2005 | 15771096 |
| phenology of flowering and starch accumulation in grape (vitis vinifera l.) cuttings and vines. | a reliable protocol for flowering and fruiting in cuttings was developed with the aim of (a) studying inflorescence and flower development in grapevine cuttings and field plants, and (b) assisting haploid plant production. | 2005 | 15749750 |
| photosynthesis of the grapevine (vitis vinifera) inflorescence. | to further characterize carbohydrate physiology in grapevine flowers, we examined inflorescence autotrophy in the 'gewurztraminer' and 'pinot noir' cultivars, which differ in sensitivity to flower abscission. in both cultivars, positive net photosynthesis occurred in inflorescences. the rate of photosynthesis gradually decreased throughout flower development and there was no net carbon assimilation at fruit set. the rate of photosynthesis was positively correlated with chlorophyll concentration ... | 2005 | 15741155 |
| a randomised, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mas063d (atopiclair) in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. | mas063d (atopiclair is a hydrolipidic cream that has been developed for the management of atopic dermatitis (ad). the putative active ingredients of mas063d are hyaluronic acid, telmesteine, vitis vinifera, glycyrrhetinic acid. a five-week study in 30 adult patients with mild to moderate ad showed that mas063d offered significant benefits over a vehicle-only control. mas063d improved the total body area affected (17.2% --> 13.2%, p < 0.001), itch score (2.7 --> 1.3 on a 10-point scale, p = 0.001 ... | 2013 | 15701590 |
| development of activated carbon using vine shoots (vitis vinifera) and its use for wine treatment. | an abundant and low-cost agricultural waste such as vine shoots (vitis vinifera) (vs), which is generated by the annual pruning of vineyards, has been used as raw material in the preparation of powder activated carbon (ac) with a view to develop a new fining agent for white wines. a commercial activated carbon, s5x-agrovin, was used for comparison purposes. from vs size-reduced pieces, ac was prepared using phosphoric acid as activating agent. the concentration of the h(3)po(4) solution, the imp ... | 2005 | 15686414 |
| metabolism of geraniol in grape berry mesocarp of vitis vinifera l. cv. scheurebe: demonstration of stereoselective reduction, e/z-isomerization, oxidation and glycosylation. | the metabolism of deuterium labeled geraniol in grape mesocarp of vitis vinifera l. cv. scheurebe was studied by in vivo-feeding experiments. stereoselective reduction to (s)-citronellol, e/z-isomerization to nerol, oxidation to neral/geranial and glycosylation of the corresponding monoterpene alcohols could be demonstrated. time course studies including the determination of conversion rates revealed that the activity of these secondary transformations of monoterpenes is dependent on the ripenin ... | 2005 | 15680986 |
| cyanogenic glucosides in grapevine: polymorphism, identification and developmental patterns. | twelve grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cultivars were surveyed for 'cyanide potential' (i.e. the total cyanide measured in beta-glucosidase-treated crude, boiled tissue extract) in mature leaves. two related cultivars (carignan and ruby cabernet) had mean cyanide potential (equivalent to 110 mghcnkg-1fr.wt) ca. 25-fold greater than that of the other 10 cultivars, and so the trait is polymorphic in the species. in boiled leaf extracts of carignan and ruby cabernet, free cyanide constituted a neglig ... | 2005 | 15652573 |
| genetic relationship among cultivated and wild grapevine accessions from tunisia. | we have used nuclear and chloroplast molecular markers to genotype cultivated and wild accessions of vitis vinifera l. from tunisia and assess their genetic relationships. fifty-five distinct genotypes were identified among 80 cultivated accessions, including 18 genotypic groups containing between 2 and 5 accessions per group. they could represent a total of 60 distinct cultivars owing to berry colour variation found within identical genotype groups. most of the 55 genotypes represent unique tab ... | 2004 | 15644980 |
| stability of copigmented anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in a grape juice model system. | the stability of red grape anthocyanins (vitis vinifera) was evaluated in a model juice system during normal (25 degrees c) and accelerated storage (35 degrees c) in the presence of ascorbic acid. rosemary polyphenolic cofactors (0, 0.2, and 0.4% v/v) were evaluated as anthocyanin stabilizing agents. cofactor addition resulted in concentration-dependent hyperchromic (up to 178%) and bathochromic (up to 23 nm) shifts, indicating a more intense red coloration of the models. anthocyanin and ascorbi ... | 2005 | 15631508 |
| anomalous electrophoretic behavior of a chitinase isoform from grape berries and wine in glycol chitin-containing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels. | an anomalous electrophoretic behavior of a chitinase isoform present in both grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries and wine was observed in glycol chitin-containing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) gels. a progressive shift of the relative molecular mass m(r) of the enzyme (from approximately 30,500 up to approximately 57,700) with increasing glycol chitin concentration in the gels up to 0.1% was revealed when samples were electrophoresed under nonreducing conditi ... | 2005 | 15624140 |
| mass spectrometry in the study of anthocyanins and their derivatives: differentiation of vitis vinifera and hybrid grapes by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. | a mass spectrometric-based procedure for anthocyanin profiling was set up to distinguish authentic vitis vinifera from hybrid red grapevine cultivars. 3-o-monoglucoside and the related acetyl-, p-coumaryl- and caffeoyl-monoglucoside anthocyanins occurred only in vitis vinifera, whereas 3,5-o-diglucoside and the substituted acetyl-, p-coumaryl-, feruloyl- and caffeoyl-diglucoside anthocyanins were the additional pigments in hybrid grapevines. the procedure was applied expressly to identify red gr ... | 2005 | 15619268 |
| [induction and activity changes of protein kinase in grape leaves under heat stress]. | the type and activity of protein kinase induced and activated by heat stress were studied in leaves of "jingxiu" grape (vitis vinifera l. cv. jingxiu). the results showed that a 52-kd protein kinase was evidently activated by heat stress in 10 to 60 min. myelin basic protein (mbp) embedded in gel could be phosphorylated by the 52 kd protein kinase. the phosphorylating activity of this kinase was determined by using mbp as the substrate and measuring the products of phosphorylation by autoradiogr ... | 2004 | 15599023 |
| thermostability of victoria grape (vitis vinifera ssp. sativa) polyphenoloxidase. | | 2004 | 15560229 |
| protection capacity against low-density lipoprotein oxidation and antioxidant potential of some organic and non-organic wines. | current research suggests that phenolics from wine may play a positive role against oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (ldl), which is a key step in the development of atherosclerosis. considering the effects of different wine-making techniques on phenols and the wine consumption preference influencing the benefical effects of the product, organically and non-organically produced wines were obtained from the grapes of vitis vinifera origin var: carignan, cabernet sauvignon, merlot, grenache, c ... | 2004 | 15545043 |
| partitioning and mobilization of starch and n reserves in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | we followed c and n reserves of grapevines grown in trenches under semi-controlled conditions over a 3-year period after planting. temporal mobilization of stored c and n and subsequent distribution of reserve materials within the vines were described in parallel with 15n uptake, particularly during the third growing season. storage c in the perennial tissues (roots, trunk, canes) was mainly made of starch, which accumulated in the ray parenchyma of the wood. in the permanent tissues, starch and ... | 2004 | 15499905 |
| cdna microarray analysis of developing grape (vitis vinifera cv. shiraz) berry skin. | microarray analysis of vitis vinifera cv. shiraz developing berries has revealed the expression patterns of several categories of genes. microarray slides were constructed from 4,608 pcr-amplified cdna clones derived from a ripening grape berry cdna library. the mrna expression levels of the genes represented by these cdnas were measured in flowers, week 2 post-flowering whole berries, week 5, week 8, week 10 (véraison, green berries), week 12 and week 13 berry skin. in addition, a comparison of ... | 2005 | 15480888 |
| cloning and characterisation of a basic iaa oxidase associated with root induction in vitis vinifera. | changes in apoplastic peroxidases during auxin-induced in vitro rooting of cultured grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv. touriga) stems have been studied. the largest increase in peroxidase activity (ec 1.11.1.7) was associated with the early stages of root initiation and could be attributed to an increase in activity of an apoplastic 36 kda cationic peroxidase (pxb2). relative to other peroxidases, pxb2 demonstrated high indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) oxidase activity and apparently contributed the maj ... | 2016 | 15331089 |
| effect of buprofezin on survival of immature stages of harmonia axyridis, stethorus punctum picipes (coleoptera: coccinellidae), orius tristicolor (hemiptera: anthocoridae), and geocoris spp. (hemiptera: geocoridae). | the effect of buprofezin, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, on development and survival of immature stages of harmonia axyridis (pallas), stethortus punctum picipes casey, orius tristicolor (white), geocoris pallens stål, and geocoris punctipes (say), was examined in a series of laboratory bioassays. very few h. axyridis larvae (3.1%) treated with buprofezin reached adulthood, although 65% of treated pupae emerged successfully. buprofezin caused no mortality to eggs of s. punctum picipes but 71.1% o ... | 2004 | 15279269 |
| stir bar sorptive extraction applied to volatile constituents evolution during vitis vinifera ripening. | the stir bar sorptive extraction (sbse) technique is used to determine volatile constituents in monastrell grapes. the method proposed involves a maceration step lasting 2 h and a sorption time of 6 h. the coefficients of variation obtained were <4% in the case of the volatile compounds and <2% for the internal standard. the behavior of the volatiles during grape ripening was studied, and 34 compounds were determined, among which geranyl acetone, geranyl butyrate, farnesol, and a bicycloterpene, ... | 2004 | 15264921 |
| asymptomatic sensitisation to grapes in a sample of workers in the wine industry. | to assess the prevalence of sensitisation to grapes (vitis vinifera var. agiorghitiko) in a population with repeated exposure to grape allergens through direct cutaneous contact as well as through the gastrointestinal tract. | 2004 | 15258279 |
| floral meristem identity genes are expressed during tendril development in grapevine. | to study the early steps of flower initiation and development in grapevine (vitis vinifera), we have isolated two mads-box genes, vful-l and vap1, the putative ful-like and ap1 grapevine orthologs, and analyzed their expression patterns during vegetative and reproductive development. both genes are expressed in lateral meristems that, in grapevine, can give rise to either inflorescences or tendrils. they are also coexpressed in inflorescence and flower meristems. during flower development, vful- ... | 2004 | 15247405 |
| polyphenol screening of pomace from red and white grape varieties (vitis vinifera l.) by hplc-dad-ms/ms. | phenolic compounds of 14 pomace samples originating from red and white winemaking were characterized by hplc-ms. up to 13 anthocyanins, 11 hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, and 13 catechins and flavonols as well as 2 stilbenes were identified and quantified in the skins and seeds by hplc-dad. large variabilities comprising all individual phenolic compounds were observed, depending on cultivar and vintage. grape skins proved to be rich sources of anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, flava ... | 2004 | 15237937 |
| cell wall modification in grapevine cells in response to uv stress investigated by atomic force microscopy. | despite cell wall reinforcement being a well-known defence mechanism of plants, it remains poorly characterized from a physical point of view. the objective of this work was to further describe this mechanism. vitis vinifera cv gamay cells were treated with uv-light (254 nm), a well-known elicitor of defence mechanisms in grapevines, and physical cell wall modifications were observed using the atomic force microscopy (afm) under native conditions. the grapevine cell suspensions were continuously ... | 2004 | 15231307 |
| diversification within grapevine cultivars goes through chimeric states. | vitis vinifera 'pinot' clones were analysed at 50 microsatellite loci to assess intravarietal genetic diversity. when analysing leaf tissue dnas, polymorphism mainly resulted from the appearance of a third allele when two were expected for heterozygous loci in a diploid species. the sequencing of the three microsatellite alleles at two loci has confirmed their simultaneous presence in the leaf tissues. a hypothesis explaining the triallelic profiles at a locus is the presence of a periclinal chi ... | 2004 | 15190375 |
| influence of vine training and sunlight exposure on the 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines content in musts and wines from the vitis vinifera variety cabernet sauvignon. | the influence of vine training and sunlight exposure on the 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines contents in musts and wines was studied by means of two previously reported methods based on headspace solid-phase micro-extraction. experimental samples were monitored throughout grape ripening and wine making. 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine, 3-sec-butyl-2-methoxypyrazine and 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine were identified. the 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine content decreased throughout grape ripening in all of the ... | 2004 | 15161221 |
| processes contributing to photoprotection of grapevine leaves illuminated at low temperature. | photoinactivation of photosystem ii (psii) and energy dissipation at low leaf temperatures were investigated in leaves of glasshouse-grown grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv. riesling). at low temperatures (< 15 degrees c), photosynthetic rates of co(2) assimilation were reduced. however, despite a significant increase in the amount of light excessive to that required by photosynthesis, grapevine leaves maintained high intrinsic quantum efficiencies of psii (f(v)/f(m)) and were highly resistant to ... | 2004 | 15153195 |
| analysis of the oxidative degradation of proanthocyanidins under basic conditions. | proanthocyanidin isolates from grape (vitis vinifera l. cv. pinot noir) skin and seed underwent oxidative degradation in solution (10 g/l) under basic conditions while exposed to atmospheric oxygen. degradation was monitored by reversed-phase hplc following acid-catalyzed cleavage in the presence of excess phloroglucinol (phloroglucinolysis) and by high-performance gel permeation chromatography. all isolates degraded under these conditions and followed second-order kinetics for over 1 half-life, ... | 2004 | 15080635 |
| [study of the intra-cultivar variability of grape dna using rflp and pcr methods]. | evaluation of dna polymorphism among vitis vinifera varieties using rflp and pcr methods has been performed to choose a dna technology for detection of grape intracultivar variation. dna polymorphism of clones of the varieties riparia gluar, riparia x rupestris 101-14, cabernet sauvignon, riestling reinskiy has been studied using southern hybridization and amplification techniques. it has been shown that grape intracultivar variability of rdna in riparia x rupestris 101-14 and cabernet sauvignon ... | 2008 | 15067943 |
| production of highly 13c-labeled polyphenols in vitis vinifera cell bioreactor cultures. | the use of vitis vinifera cells grown in a 2 l-stirred tank bioreactor for producing isotopically 13c-labeled phenolic substances is presented. several culture parameters were optimized to achieve characteristics of growth and polyphenol metabolism similar to that recorded in shake flasks. administration of [1-13c]l-phenylalanine (3 mm) to grape cell suspension cultures led to the production of 13c-labeled stilbenes (trans- and cis-piceids), catechins (catechin and epicatechin) and anthocyanins ... | 2004 | 15066766 |
| enantioselective analysis of free and glycosidically bound monoterpene polyols in vitis vinifera l. cvs. morio muscat and muscat ottonel: evidence for an oxidative monoterpene metabolism in grapes. | the enantiomeric ratios of various free and glycosidically bound monoterpene polyols in musts of the aromatic grapes vitis vinifera l. cvs. morio muscat and muscat ottonel were determined by means of enantioselective multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. reference compounds of defined stereochemistry were synthesized and permitted the unequivocal determination of the elution order of the target compounds on chiral columns with modified cyclodextrins as stationary phases. it coul ... | 2004 | 15053548 |
| interaction between vitis vinifera and grape phylloxera: changes in root tissue during nodosity formation. | the interaction between the gall-forming grapevine parasite, phylloxera, and the susceptible grapevine species vitis vinifera was investigated. | 2004 | 15044213 |
| polyamines and somatic embryogenesis in two vitis vinifera cultivars. | polyamine content and activities of enzymes of polyamine biosynthesis were assayed during somatic embryogenesis in vitis vinifera callus cultures of chardonnay and brachetto 'a grappolo lungo' (brachetto g.l.) cultivars. the analyses were carried out on embryogenic callus samples, embryos at different stages and developing plants. polyamine content, both in the free and pca-soluble conjugated form, was higher in brachetto g.l. than in chardonnay, and putrescine was present at higher concentratio ... | 2004 | 15032828 |
| investigations on anthocyanins in wines from vitis vinifera cv. pinotage: factors influencing the formation of pinotin a and its correlation with wine age. | pinotage red wines were found to contain a reaction product of malvidin 3-glucoside and caffeic acid, the so-called pinotin a. a total of 50 pinotage wines from the vintages 1996-2002 were analyzed for the content of pinotin a, malvidin 3-glucoside, caffeic acid, and caftaric acid. statistical analyses were performed to reveal variations in the content of these compounds and to determine the factors that influence pinotin a formation during wine aging. an exponential increase of the concentratio ... | 2004 | 14759139 |
| efficient one pot extraction and depolymerization of grape (vitis vinifera) pomace procyanidins for the preparation of antioxidant thio-conjugates. | antioxidant thio-conjugates were obtained from white grape pomace by a clean and efficient one pot extraction and depolymerization method using water and cysteamine hydrochloride. to evaluate the potential of grape pomaces of different origins as sources of proanthocyanidins and conjugates, we conducted varietal comparative studies of polyphenol content, antioxidant power, and procyanidin composition. xarel.lo proved to be the richest source of polyphenols. the total conversion into the conjugat ... | 2004 | 14759134 |
| shoot development in grapevine (vitis vinifera) is affected by the modular branching pattern of the stem and intra- and inter-shoot trophic competition. | shoot architecture variability in grapevine (vitis vinifera) was analysed using a generic modelling approach based on thermal time developed for annual herbaceous species. the analysis of shoot architecture was based on various levels of shoot organization, including pre-existing and newly formed parts of the stem, and on the modular structure of the stem, which consists of a repeated succession of three phytomers (p0-p1-p2). | 2004 | 14749253 |
| magnetic resonance imaging for nondestructive analysis of wine grapes. | magnetic resonance imaging (mri) was used to study the growth and ripening of grape berries for three varieties. the results show that this technique allows the visualization of internal characteristics of berries using noninvasive procedures in order to obtain the volume and degrees brix distribution within a cluster. samples of cabernet sauvignon, carmenère, and chardonnay varieties collected over the 2002 season were analyzed. calibration models were developed to correlate soluble solids (deg ... | 2004 | 14733490 |
| composition and cellular localization of tannins in grape seeds during maturation. | cell walls were isolated from seeds of grape berries (vitis vinifera l.), and proanthocyanidin composition was determined over the course of ripening for different levels of vine water status. during the ripening period the tannins from the cell walls were always more polymerized than those from the inner part of the cell. at maturity this difference becomes more significant compared to véraison, due to a significant increase in the mean degree of polymerization of the cell wall tannins. the tan ... | 2003 | 14690395 |
| a study on the interplay between energy and matter transformation: the effect of elevated temperatures on the leaf morphology of vitis vinifera var. merlot. | this investigation explores the relationship between increased energy levels and leaf morphology. it tests the idea that the causal agent of development is the dissipation of energy into transformed matter. the energy under which leaves developed was modified by increasing temperatures in grape cordons through wrapping them in clear plastic sleeves in the early spring. at the higher temperatures, and energy levels, there was a small but statistically significant decrease in leaf size and a chang ... | 2003 | 14643493 |
| grape anaphylaxis. | grape allergy is particularly rare in spite of the vast extension of vitis vinifera cultivation on all continents. we report on the case of a 28-year-old woman who presented with allergic systemic reaction after eating white grapes (vitis vinifera). she complained of two severe episodes of anaphylaxis after eating grapes, with generalized pruritus, acute generalized urticaria, facial swelling, lip and oropharingeal angioedema, and dysphagia. both the episodes were treated at the emergency room l ... | 2003 | 14635473 |
| [polyphenols and anthocyanins in fruits, grapes juices and wines, and evaluation of their antioxidant activity]. | the objective of this study was to produce grape (vitis vinifera l.) extracts using efficient solvents and to compare antioxidant activity, polyphenol and anthocyanin content and composition in the produced extracts to the same characteristics of grape juices and wines. methanolic and aqueous extracts of red and blue grapes were produced. total amounts of polyphenols and anthocyanins in grape extracts, juices and wines were determined. total polyphenols were spectrophotometrically determined mea ... | 2003 | 14617869 |
| a microsatellite marker based framework linkage map of vitis vinifera l. | we have constructed a framework linkage map based on microsatellite markers for vitis vinifera l., the european wine grape. the mapping population consisted of 153 progeny plants from a cross of vitis vinifera cvs. riesling x cabernet sauvignon. one hundred fifty-two microsatellite markers and one polymorphic est marker have been mapped to 20 linkage groups (2 n=38). the map covers 1,728 cm with an average distance between markers of 11.0 cm. estimates of genome size, expected genome coverage, a ... | 2004 | 14605808 |
| monomeric, oligomeric, and polymeric flavan-3-ol composition of wines and grapes from vitis vinifera l. cv. graciano, tempranillo, and cabernet sauvignon. | the monomeric, oligomeric, and polymeric flavan-3-ol composition of wines, grape seeds, and skins from vitis vinifera l. cv. graciano, tempranillo, and cabernet sauvignon has been studied using (1) fractionation by polyamide column chromatography followed by hplc/esi-ms analysis, (2) fractionation on c(18) sep-pak cartridges followed by reaction with vanillin and acid-catalyzed degradation in the presence of toluene-alpha-thiol (thiolysis). the content of monomers ((+)-catechin and (-)-epicatech ... | 2003 | 14558765 |
| evidence on the evolution of polymorphism of microsatellite markers in varieties of vitis vinifera l. | this paper contributes a description of four mutations in microsatellite allele-length found within strains of each of the varieties known as muscat d'alsace, greco di tufo, primitivo and corvina veronese: the comparison of microsatellite sequences of wild and mutated strains showed in all cases an increase of one or more repeats of the core ga sequence. whereas studies on animals reported mutations which originated in gametes, in grapevines somatic cell-mutations take place and are eventually f ... | 2004 | 13679982 |
| carotenoid compounds in grapes and their relationship to plant water status. | the aim of this work was to study the relationship between carotenoid contents in grapevine berries and plant water status. for this purpose, a black grapevine variety, vitis vinifera l. cv. touriga nacional, was studied. the experiments were carried out in the same douro vineyards, with plants of the same age, in two different water retention soils. a higher water retention capacity soil, soil a, and a lower water retention capacity soil, soil b, were both in a 1.2 m deep silt-loam schist-deriv ... | 2003 | 13129303 |
| manipulating anthocyanin composition in vitis vinifera suspension cultures by elicitation with jasmonic acid and light irradiation. | jasmonic acid altered the accumulation of major anthocyanins in vitis vinifera cell culture. peonidin 3-glucoside content at day three was increased from 0.3 to 1.7 mg g(-1) dry cell wt while other major anthocyanins were increased by smaller increments. by day 14, the content of methylated and acylated anthocyanins (peonidin 3-p-coumaroylglucoside and malvidin 3-p-coumaroylglucoside) was 6.3 mg g(-1) dcw, in response to treatment with jasmonic acid, and comprising approximately 45% (w/w) of tot ... | 2003 | 12966999 |
| genetic structure and differentiation in cultivated grape, vitis vinifera l. | 222 cultivated (vitis vinifera) and 22 wild (v. vinifera ssp. sylvestris) grape accessions were analysed for genetic diversity and differentiation at eight microsatellite loci. a total of 94 alleles were detected, with extensive polymorphism among the accessions. multivariate relationships among accessions revealed 16 genetic groups structured into three clusters, supporting the classical eco-geographic grouping of grape cultivars: occidentalis, pontica and orientalis. french cultivars appeared ... | 2003 | 12929909 |
| aroma composition of vitis vinifera cv. tannat: the typical red wine from uruguay. | the free volatiles, as well as those released from the glycosidically bound forms by enzyme hydrolysis, have been analyzed to chracterize young tannat wines from two successive vintages. the tannat wine showed some aroma profile peculiarities detected in the free forms but, above all, in the bound fraction for the level and profile of the norisoprenoidic fraction. among the free volatile compunds, a rather low content of c(6) alcohols with a prevalence of cis-3-hexen-1-ol on the trans form and s ... | 2003 | 12926890 |
| metabolism of fungicide diethofencarb in grape (vitis vinifera l.): definitive identification of thiolactic acid conjugated metabolites. | the metabolic fate of diethofencarb (isopropyl 3,4-diethoxycarbanilate) separately labeled with (14)c at the phenyl ring and 2-position of the isopropyl moiety was studied in grape (vitis vinifera l.). the acetonitrile solution of (14)c-diethofencarb at a rate of 500 g a.i. ha(-)(1) was once applied topically to fruits or leaves at the maturity stage of fruits (phi 35 days), and the plants were grown in the greenhouse until harvest. in the grape plants, diethofencarb was scarcely translocated to ... | 2003 | 12926879 |
| effects of solvent and temperature on pressurized liquid extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolics from dried red grape skin. | pressurized liquid extraction (ple) was used to extract anthocyanins from the freeze-dried skin of a highly pigmented red wine grape with six solvents at 50 degrees c, 10.1 mpa, and 3 x 5 min extraction cycles. temperature (from 20 to 140 degrees c in 20 degrees c increments) effects on anthocyanin recovery by acidified water and acidified 60% methanol were also studied. acidified methanol extracted the highest levels of total monoglucosides and total anthocyanins, whereas the solvent mixture (4 ... | 2003 | 12926860 |
| stress reactions in vitis vinifera l. following soil application of the herbicide flumioxazin. | in order to evaluate the stress effects of flumioxazin (fmx) on grapevine, a non-target plant (vitis vinifera l.), physiological parameters such as carbohydrate content, water status or nitrogenous metabolites were investigated on fruiting cuttings and plants grown in vineyard. in the leaves of cuttings, the soil-applied herbicide induced stress manifestations including a decrease of the dry weight percentage and the soluble carbohydrate content during the first week after treatment. thereafter, ... | 2003 | 12919779 |
| high-efficiency biolistic co-transformation and regeneration of 'chardonnay' (vitis vinifera l.) containing npt-ii and antimicrobial peptide genes. | a reliable and efficient system for transformation and regeneration of 'chardonnay' (vitis vinifera l.) plants via microprojectile bombardment was developed. improvements over the previous biolistic transformation system included: (1) the use of gold particles for bombardment; (2) step-wise selection at 10 then 15 mg/l kanamycin; and (3) embryo induction at 27 degrees c. embryogenic cell cultures were either bombarded with pbi426, which contains the reporter gene gus (uida) coding for beta-glucu ... | 2003 | 12908080 |
| aflp analysis of genetic relationships among aromatic grapevines (vitis vinifera). | genotypic diversity has been detected among aromatic grapevines (vitis vinifera) by molecular markers (aflps). the 22 primer-pairs generated a total of 1,331 bands of which 564 (40%) were polymorphic over all the genotypes. the bootstrap analysis pointed out that a large number of polymorphic bands (200-400) has to be used for a better estimation of the genetic distances among genotypes; 383 polymorphic aflp bands were used for the cluster and the principal coordinate analyses because they did n ... | 2003 | 12898028 |
| anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions (avis) selectively bind acylated anthocyanins in vitis vinifera l. (grapevine) suspension culture. | anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions (avis) appear as dark red-to-purple spheres of various sizes in vacuoles of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cell suspension culture due to their interaction with anthocyanins. avis were purified and the bound anthocyanins extracted and analysed by hplc from two lines of v. vinifera isolated from the same callus accumulating anthocyanin in the dark, yet varying in their anthocyanin profiles and accumulation. an intermediate-pigmented line (fu-1) with a 1.3:1 ratio of ... | 2003 | 12889790 |
| comparative anatomy and morphology of vitis vinifera (vitaceae) somatic embryos from solid- and liquid-culture-derived proembryogenic masses. | ontogeny of somatic embryos of grapevine (vitis vinifera) produced from solid- and liquid-culture-derived proembryogenic masses (pem) was compared using light and scanning electron microscopy. somatic embryos produced from solid-medium-derived pem (spem) had large cotyledons, little or no visible suspensor structure, and a relatively undeveloped concave shoot apical meristem, whereas those from liquid-medium-derived pem (lpem) had smaller cotyledons, a distinct suspensor, and a flat-to-convex sh ... | 2003 | 21659195 |
| environmental conditions during vegetative growth determine the major proteins that accumulate in mature grapes. | despite recent reports in the literature that chitinases comprise approximately 50% of the soluble proteins present in mature vitis vinifera l. (cv. moscatel) grapes, with the other major proteins being thaumatin-like proteins, a careful inspection of the published data reveals inconsistencies as to which proteins actually accumulate in mature grapes. mature moscatel grapes were harvested in the same vineyard in two consecutive years, 1999 and 2000. the grapes exhibited widely distinct polypepti ... | 2003 | 12822945 |